Evening Republican, Volume 20, Number 11, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 13 January 1916 — Page 2

UNCLE SAM'S RADIO SYSTEM

CHE story of the development of wireless communication in the United States covers a span of only sixteen years. BWhen that story comes to be written the historian wilj find that the major portion of his material and notes accumulated for the task relates to the activities of the navy, and that, in this portion of them, the figure of Capt. William H. G. Bullard, U. *S. N., is prominent. For, just as the navy pioneered in wireless, so, within the navy, Captain i Bullard was a leader of the pioneers, isays the New York Sun. It really was seventeen years ago [that Captain Bullard, then a young naval lieutenant, fresh from SpanishAmerican war service, was attracted by a new subject. During his student idays at Annapolis electricity and electrical engineering had attracted him. These studies he carried on further following graduation. He became known as one of the “electrical shops” of the navy. L Wireless appealed to him, both as ,an electrical engineer and as a military officer. With his knowledge of electricity the military possibilities that lay in wireless, were readily apparent. So he threw himself into the subject He is now —and has been ever since : the position was established three years ago—superintendent of the navy radio service. In that capacity he is charged with the direction of the most extensive wireless service in the world today. More than fifty shore stations, approximately 250 ship stations and about 750 navy radio opera* !tors are under his direction. Under the slender shadows of the trinity of towers on Arlington Heights, [overlooking Washington from the Virginia side of the Potomac, is a brick building, dwarfed by the great structures that rise above it. In one corner of this building, on the second floor, is the office of Captain Bullard. Born in Pennsylvania in December, 1866, he is forty-nine years old. In 1882 he was appointed to the Naval academy, from which institution he was graduated four years later, but to which he has returned for four differenttours of duty as. a member of the faculty. Physics, chemistry and electrical engineering have been the branches he has taught, and a textbook he has written on electrical engineering is standard there and elsewhere. In 1899, the year following the Span-ish-Amerlcan war, Mr. Marconi brought to this country from Italy three sets of his wonderful new wire- , ien« apparatus, the immediate v purpose being to use them in reporting the international yacht races of that’year. din the subject, appointed a board of four officers to observe and report on the working of the system. Following the report of this board the department placed the battleship Massachusetts, the armored cruiser New York and the torpedo boat Porter at the disposal of Mr. Marconi for further experiments with a shore station established on the grounds of the Highland lighthouse, near the entrance to New York harbor. An antenna was stretched from the flagpole near the house of the lightkeeper, and this had the distinction of being the first radio shore station used in the United States. Later a commercial station was erected near the isame spot, and still later, in 1903, the navy put up a permanent shore station there. - ;—- —: with the erection of the" first experimental station the three vessels named were equipped with radio apparatus, the first vessels of the navy to be so equipped. This was the be- . ginning of the navy radio service. Its growth and development has been remarkable. No part of the Atlantic or Pacific oceans is too far away to be out of reach of a radiogram from an American naval shore station. When the fleet was engaged recently in its big game on the Atlantic coast the department at ■Washington was in a position to be in instantaneous communication with every unit. - - -- Quite as remarkable as the tale of the development of radio for strategic

CONDENSATIONS

Carl Gulott of Pendleton, Ore.; a musician, is enjoying the recovery of his sight in one eye after a period of ■complete blindness lasting 15 years. ~ Walking and he rushed to his home to behold his wife and child, neither of whom he had ever seen. Australia seems to have an inexhaustible supply of marble, which is found there in many colors, in addition to pure white. '• ■ ■ —

C* APT. WILLIAM H. G. BULLARD TALKS OF WWIDE WIRELESS SERVICE| AND GIVES INTERESTING DETAILS ABOUT ITS WORKINGS * * * . J 1 .

purposes is the tale of its development in the navy for purposes quite apart from war. Every department of the government now uses it at times for communication. Its service to commerce and the merchant marine has become indispensable. W T atch and clock makers in the Mississippi valley region, who, through wireless sets they have erected £#* the purpose; regulate their standard timepieces by the daily time signals sent out from the Arlington station; marine and other interests, who receive from the same source Weather bulletins; passengers aboard ship, who receive the daily news bulletins broadcasted over the ocean from navy shore stations at certain hours; dwellers on the far shores of Alaska and the insular pos sessions, who have no other means of communication —all these and many others benefit by the service. And the cost? It is trifling by comparison with what is accomplished, for of all means of communicating the wireless is the cheapest. Last, year congress gave for new installations at high power stations $1,500,000 and for maintenance $500,000, the $1,500,000 to be a continuing appropriation until expended. Of course the navy is not the only branch of the government that has wireless equipment. The army, for example, maintains a cable from Puget Sound to Alaska, an extensive system of wire telegraphs in Alaska and also several wireless stations there, all engaged in commercial as well as public business. Then the coast guard cutters, under the jurisdiction of the treasury department, all have wireless equip--•ment-aboard of commerce is lodged superviaimi-auui regulation control over commercial and amateur w-ireless operators; but since 1904, by executive actiofl of the president, the navy is supreme in the field of. coast stations. Commercial stations* operate of course on the coast, but they m*st not be so located as to interfere with the operation of navy radio stations. The organization of the naval radio service is a growth and a development. When wireless first came-into being in the navy the old bureau of equipment handled it, but subsequently the duties were absorbed by the bureau of steam engineering. Then the passage of the radio act by congress in 1912, with its provision requiring, navy. radio, stations to relay and handle maritime and commercial business and the joining in the same year of this nation in the London radiotelegraphic convention threw a tremendous burden of new responsibilities on the bureau. Whereupon the radio work was organized as an administrative unit and Captain Bullard was detailed as superintendent. The bureau of steam engineering still provides material, but the administration of affairs is under the direction of Captain Bullard. p Observe the radio map hanging on the /walls of Captain °® ce and - you. will get an idea of the wide extent of the shore service—no map can show the everehanging locations of the 250 ships of the navy that rre equipped with Wireless. Big circles

The balance wheel of a watch vibrates 300 times a minute, 432,000 times a day; or 157,680,000 times a year. As each vibration covers about ijjjE revolutions, the shaft on which the balance wheel js mounted makes 236,-520,000--revolution*in Us. -bearings each year. A farm engine driven by a gas motor has been invented in Europe that is equipped with its own producing plant for making gas from waste material, such as bark, sawdust br dry leaves.

( THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IXP-

mark the ports of Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific coasts where navy radio stations are maintained, with a solitary big circle in the interior showing the station on the great lakes at the Chicago naval training station. But the continental map cannot show all. Inserted in the margin are other maps showing the navy radio stations in Cuba, the Panama Canal zone, Porto Rico, Samoa, Guam, the Hawaiian islands, the Philippines and Alaska, and even one at Peking, -China. At a glance one gets the outline of the tremendous spread of the service. “As originally contemplated," said Captain Bullard in discussing the extent of his service, “plans were made for a coastal chain of radio stations on this continent at ItW mile intervals, and a long distance chain. “Improved apparatus and the increase Of reliable ranges have made so many shore stations useless, so a number have been built. On the long distance ch.ain it has been found possible to cut down some of the island stations from high power to medium power “We are -now building high power stations at San Diego and Honolulu, and a medium power station at Guam; also eight high power stations in Por- . “The new station at New Orleans is complete. It works with Darien on the Isthmus. A general relay station is being built at Isabel, at. the mouth of the Rio Grande river. “Certain naval radio stations in Alaska communicate w-ith a Russian station at Anadyr. Siberia, and tests are being conducted between them and a Japanese station at Ochiishi.” “Where do you get your enlisted personnel of operators and electricians?” was asked “From the same sources that the rest of the navy gets its material, with the addition that often men who are already wire or wireless operators enlist for the purpose. The naval training stations at Newport, Chicago- *nd San Francisco- train young men for a system of sending some to the electrical school in New York for special training.- Bright signal boys aboard ship also show aptitude for radio work and are given training which fits them to become operators.” “Have you any provision for a reserve?” “Practically, yfes; hut it is all voluntary. As we are constantly inters changing business, with commercial companies we are in touch with them and their operators. Such of these operators as desire to do so list themselves with us, giving essential biographical and physical data and statement of experience, expressing a willingness to enter the naval radio service in time of national peril.”

How Nutmegs Aid Digestion.

■_ A drowsy state after meals is what we should welcome, for it is the most favorable condition for good digestion. Nutmegs may produce it because their effect is to increase the flow of gastric Juice. The nutmeg is much used -by doctors ee -a remedy in weak digestion. If one has a keen appetite he does not naed nutmeg, for appetite -is the most powerful stimulant of the flow of gastric Juice. If the appetite is hot good the digestion will be feeble, apd then the addition of a little nutmeg will be found of benefit.

SKIRTS TO BE LONGER

ANKLE LENGTH IS DBCREE OF PARISIAN MODISTES. There Will Be Difference of Opinion a* to the Advisability of the Change, but It Seems Sure to Come. The great majority of women are too restless and uncertain to let one costume follow in the footsteps of another and no dressmaker is sufficiently persuasive to make them see the advantage of this course, but the fact that it has succeeded should be a lesson to those who indulge in too much restlessness and who allow themselves too free a fancy in the field of costumery; all of which is not very far away from the subject of wardrobe efficiency, because it deals with the problem of how to save money and vitality. There is no reason to discard a full tunic over a moderately narrow skirt this season, simply because you owped one -last season; if it was not becoming, then there is an excellent reason for never getting it again; but; if It was satisfactory, there is every:, reason to repeat it when the new fashions offer a chance. It is not possible to put a finger definitely on any certain assortment of clothes from a leading house and say that it shows a tendency toward longer skirts, but there is a strong feeling in the air that the movement is to this end. The cables from Paris regarding the actual gowns that smart women are wearing tell of thelengthening of street skirts by at least three inches; instead of escaping the boot top, they escape the ankle. Both Jenny and Cheruit have lent themselves to this change. There are few women who can produce a new fashion through their exploitationi'of it in Paris today, but no one can fail to find significance in the fact that the leading houses and the leading women have joined in a new movement. liy this country two notable houses have put out skirts' that touch the floor, but they are not attractive;

Small Hat of Black Velvet Effectively Trimmed With Wide-Winged Bird.

their fullness makes them ungainly and even if they are to be used in the evening and not on the street, they cannot be effectively handled. The apostles of this new fashion insist that the*women of another day contrived to be' graceful in them, so that we should find it an "pasy matter. But are we sure that our ancestors were graceful in such skirts? That may be one of the traditions, along with a lot of others, that we would prefer to accept in theory than to refute in practice. As for this long, full skirt, it may

LOOKING TO BABY’S COMFORT

Pillow Has Ornamentation Where It Should Always Be, on the Edges and Sides. Although the pillow for the baby’s carriage is generally an elaborate as one’s purse can afford or one’s skill

Pillow for Baby’s Carriage.

“can. make. it is Well for thebaby's. .comfort to be certain the center of the pillow is left unadorned and the lace and embroidery confined to the edges and the corners* The one illustrated is a particularly good model t* oopy, as the -.center is

FOR THE OUT-DOOR GIRL

The sweater of the costume is of green gold and brown plaid with a green scarf to match. The skirt is of rough tweed in large black and white checks. The golf shoes are of tan.

be left to the future. It has its news value at present, because'its sponsors are important designers, and what ever they do is followed up by some, if not many, fashionable women. There are many who think that it is a difficult thing to choose between a very long, full skirt - and a very short, fulj skirt, but it seems to me that the latter is by far the better. Even in dancing, it is more graceful, and if the new fashion for wearing high-laced boots of brocade or satin in the evening prevails, the shortness of the skirt will be attractively offset. (Copyright, 1915, by the McClure Newspaper Syndicate.)

DICTATES OF FASHION

Some gowns are accompanied by the chemisette of net and the high collar. Balls and pompons are made of fur; they are a jaunty trimming for the new hat. Fasten your fur boa in the back, with the head and tails streaming down your back. Fancy colored neckbands are to be seen in all the new shades, besides Roman coloring. The big. bn worn with an air, or they can’t be called successful. The simplest of chiffon evening gowns may be made rich by adding bead embroidery. Even young girls are wearing fur coats with flaring skirts and broad bands of skunk fur.

left clear and the only trimmings are the two triangles of lace set* in the corners and the two simple sprays of embroidery in the opposite corners. 'The top of the pillow is cut four inches wider than the under part and has an edging of wide Valenciennes lace sewed flat around it. The lace insertion set in the pillow itself matches the edging and is rolled in. The pillow is made of the finest handkerchief linen over pink. The embroidery design is done in eyelet and satin stitch. —Houston (Texas) Post.

Dress for Stout Women.

In the fashion department of the Woman’s Home Companion Grace Margaret Gould, the fashion editbr, says that “don’t” is a word that stout women are always having said to them in regard to clothes. She adds that a few “do’s” are quite as important as the “don’ts," and some of these she enumerates as follows: “Do keep up to date iis style, always securing the beet of the season's new jfaeST those most fitted to stout figures. "Do keep to dark colors, navy blue, African brown, bottle green, deep ple, black. “Do wear plain materials, soft in finish, serge, broadcloths, crepe de chine, unglossed satin, voile, chiffon. “Do have simple trimmings— a slight touch of white or colors that harmonize with the costume. “Do keep to long lines, plaits, panels, deep Tever collars, pointed waistcoat effects, V-shaped necks.” _ • „

IDE REVIVAL IN WESTERN CANADA

Not a Myth but an Actuality Shown in the Returns of Agricultural Statistics and Every Department of r Trade and Commerce. The trade revival in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta is an actuality and not a myth. There is today a spirit of optimism in the air, just as two years ago there prevailed the opposite spirit of pessimism. A general trade revival has been felt in every department of business in the Prairie Provinces. The agriculturists are in better shape than they have ever been before in their lives. No farmers of any country are in better financial condition and in a more general state of prosperity than are the farmers of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, j The farmers have harvested a record crop—a crop which enriches them to the extent of something over $400,000,000. In the cities the prosperity of the country has been reflected. Everywhere business is on the hustle. The whQlesalers and the rethilers and the implement dealers find business good. The banks and other collection houses find collections satisfactory, and financial men declare that westerners are paying up their debts. In Winnipeg the bank clearings have been the largest in history, exceeding some weeks the flgures of Montreal and Toronto. The grain shipments have been the biggest in the history of Winnipeg and in the history of the twin ports, Fort William and Port Arthur. The mail order houses have had a big year, the rush of fall orders exceeding all previous years and taxing the capacity of these establishments, whose most sanguine expectations have been exceeded by the actual business done. The tide has turned in western Canada. The people of the West age fbrglng ahead, forging ahead in actual production and in creation of wealth, giving generously to charitable and other funds, paying up their back debts, while going along carefully as regards any creation of new debts. They are economizing but not scrimping, acting cautToußly but not miserly.— The financial heads of eastern Canada, of the United States and of Europe are no longer criticizing western Canada; rather they are unstintedly offering their praise and their compliments. The financial press recognizes that the tide has turned in western Canada, and it has been published to the world. The condition of western Canada at the close of 1916 is one of optimistio prosperity, backed by the same determination of western people to go on increasing their productiveness and maintaining th% records which they have already established. The traderevival of western Canada is the happiest feature in the business survey of the whole Dominion for 1916 and in the outlook for 1916. —Advertisement

No Occasion for Boasting.

“I hear Mamie trowed you down.” “Aw, she needn’t* brag. I been trowed down by better girls dan Mamie.’’—Life.

CURED OF BRIGHT’S DISEASE.

Mrs. A. L. Crawford, Medfleld, -Maser,— writee: —“Dodd’s Kidney Pitts cured me of Bright’s Disease, and I am healthy and strong to-day and

have been blessed with good health ever since my cure. When the doctors pronounced my case Bright’s Disease I was in such a serious condition that they could not do anything for me.

I kept getting worse. My limbs from my ankles to my knees swelled and my eyes were so swollen that I couldn’t see. As a last hope I thought ‘I would give Dodd’s Kidney Pills a trial. I gradually improved and kept on taking them and they cured me thoroughly.” Dodd’s Kidney Pills, 60c per box at your dealer or Dodd’s Medicine Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Dodd's Dyspepsia Tablets for Indigestion have been proved. 6ftc per box. —Adv.

Hard Lines.

“Here’s an item says England jta short on matches.” ‘‘Then how is she going to come up to the scratch ?’’ »

Many Children are Sickly.

Mother Gray ’a Sweet Powders for Children Break up Colds In 24 hourß, relieve Feverishness, Headache, Stomach Troubles, Teething Disorders, move and regulate the bowels, and Destroy Worms. They are so pleasant to take Children like them. Used by mothers forZSyears. All druggists, 25c. Sample FREE. Address, Mother Gray Co., Le Roy, N. Y.

Smile Goes Far.

Sometimes a smile will go farther than an answer, especially if it must needs be a sharp answer.

Only One “BROMO QUININE”

To get the genuine, call for full name, LAXATIVE BROMO QUININE. Look for signature of E. W. GROVE. Caret - Cold in One Day. ajo- — ; " - A frenzied financier—one who can , borrow yponny from a bill .collector. _ Dr. Piierce’g Pellet* are best for liver, bowels and stomach. One little Pellet for a laxative —three for a cathartic. — Adv., Josef Hoftnon. the pianist. .$2,500 an hour.