Evening Republican, Volume 19, Number 267, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 10 November 1915 — Page 2

Batattle Man Must fight With Insects

HE foremost scientists of the world have been agreed for the last decade cM that the crucial struggle of humanity will not be that of nations warring in for territory which each A 1 a a envies the other, but will v(4 be a c °l° Sßa l battle to 7 '* keep from being driven off the earth itself! And in*this battle it will be mankind against bugs! By its fecundity, its enormous comparative strength—sometimes equivalent of what would be, if the bug were as large as a horse. 1,000-horsepower —and in its Inextinguishable passionate and concentrated will to live and its enormous adaptibility the insect kingdom makes the human race appear incredibly inefficient. Civilization has for the last twenty years and more been steadily overturning the balance of nature, which has kept the insect kingdom down, and this scientists throughout the world have recognized. Within half that time what amounts to a world-wide organization has been formed to find and make known to all who care the best ways to cope with the fastgrowing swarms which menace humanity. It is recognized that only by a tireless, long and costly and dangerous struggle will man be able to retain his dominance and freedom to develop his world. The latest warning of this peril to humanity has been sounded in a most remarkable fashion by Prof. C. A. Ealand, one of the foremost entomologists of the world and the late principal of the East Anglian college of agriculture of England. Professor Ealand begins his remarkable work, which he calls “Insects and Man,” with the following statement: “It is fortunate for man that the insect world is a house divided against itself. Except for this check the human race would be extinct in five or six years.” The fecundity of many insects is enormous. Huxley estimated that, mishaps apart, a single green fly would in ten generations produce a mass of organic matter equivalent to 500,000,000 human beings, or as many as the whole population of the Chinese empire! From the earliest times man has suffered from insect damage to his crops, his live stock and himself. Locust plagues rivaling those of Egypt have come to man from time to time. The United States suffers damage annually to the extent of >40,000,000 owing to the depredations of the Hessian fly; the cotton boll weevil causes an annual loss of >30,000,000; the codling moth >15,000,000, and the chinch bug >7.000.000. Add to this the damage done by gypsy and brown-tail moths and the San Jose scale, to say nothing of the host of minor pests, and the total assumes alarming proportions. 0 The struggle for supremacy between Insects and man is a very real one the world over. But only by ceaseless struggle can man keep his dominance. In his fight against insects and bugs he has arrayed against him an incredible fecundity and power of destruction. The majority of people—unscientific people, that is—says Professor Ealand, think that the locust is the most destructive insect. This is partly because of the Biblical plague having been fixed in their minds. The locusts have done more damage in South AfHca and hindered agricultural prog-

SNAPSHOTS

Nert to a holiday Sunday is the longest day of the year. • Mrs. Tug Watts, who is taking on weight, should hare a new pair of trousers. Her husband’s are becoming entirely too small for her. ' Every advertiser seems to think his remedy for ecsema the best one. Red Cloud is dead. But, masmuch as Red Cloud hadn’t rained a drop for 40 years, his demise is of interest only to J

ress there more than anywhere else in the world. In one winter alone the locust damage in South Africa was estimated at >5,000,000. To cope with the insects the government has established a central bureau for watching them. Flights can be predicted and measures taken to minimize them. In the latter half of 1912 locust swarms did >10,000,000 damage in our own island of Visaya, in the Philippines. While the locust is prolific the cotton weevil beats him. Professor Ealand estimates that one weevil laying her 139 eggs by June 10 would probably bring half that number—say 75—to maturity by June 29. There are at least four generations in a season. and the second generation would number about 2,450; the third 85,750, and the last and final generation 1,001,250, or a total of 3,089,520 individuals as the progeny of a single pair of weevils and their progeny in a season. That is to say, one weevil for every square foot of area in a 75-acre field. As over 50 per cent are destroyed by natural conditions, it is doubtful if the actual increase in one season from a single pair ever exceeds 2,000,000. Alarming figures in all conscience, exclaims the entomologist This is only one of a vast number of insects that man has to fight against Next come the disease carriers. First in deadliness is the mosquito, which infests man with malaria, yellow fever and filariasis. Many parts of the tropics and localities otherwise most desirable are practically uninhabitable to civilized man, owing to the ravages of malaria. Malaria has been held responsible for the wiping out of the ancient Greeks. Not health alone, but man’s very pockets are affected by this overmastering incubus. The mosquito plague has been responsible for arresting the development of the whole state of New Jersey. Malaria is a country rather than a town disease. It was once supposed to be caused by dwelling in damp and marshy places, and even now the belief dies hard in the minds of many people, but it has been proved beyond dispute that by the bite of infected mosquitoes, and by that means alone, can this dread disease be transmitted from man to man. Various estimates have been made as to the number of bacteria that may be carried about the body of a single healthy, active fly. One investigator, Torry, puts the number at 28,000,000 in its intestine and 4,500,000 on the outer surface. Esten and Mason, by careful experiment, found that the number of external bacteria varied from 550 to over 6,500,000; other observers have put the number as high as 500,000,000 per fly. The numbers seem incredible. That one louse fly can carry about its body as many as 500,000,000 germs is almost beyond belief, vet the estimated number is not the result of guesswork, but of careful experiment. Looking at the matter from the most favorable point of view, and supposing each fly to carry only 550 bacteria from place to place, the supposition, says Professor Ealand, is not pleasant. The dreadful infantile paralysis has been discovered to be carried by the stable fly. Then there is the sleeping sickness, which is carried by the tsetse fly. Whole districts of Africa are absolute-

A former society whale of this city has been landed by a girl who was fishing for sun perch. As has often been pointed out, it all depends on the bait. Eph Wiley says the surgeons who are bragging about the new anesthetic never heard his wife’s preacher.

Removing Obdurate Screw.

To remove an obdurate screw, apply a redbot iron to the head for a short time, the screwdriver being used immediately while the screw is hot.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. TND.

ly uninhabitable because of this disease. Come next the armies of ticks. It has been shown by experiment that one variety of these which feeds upon human blood will weigh after a meal ten times its original weight. Some species increase to thirty times their original weight. Imagine, says Pro* fessor Ealand, a hungry 200-pound man weighing 6,000 pounds after a single meal, or even after many meals! Relapsing fever, spotted fever, a peculiarly deadly disease called verruga, are given man by ticks. Then there are the lice which carry typhus and a form of inflammatory rheumatism, and the fleas, which transmit plague to man. As for the hosts that attack the domestic animals and transmit to them disease, were it not for natural checks and the vigilance of man there would not be a single animal left in the world within ten years! It is this matter of natural checks, the equilibrium which nature has provided against these most prolific of her children, that is now most worrying the scientists. Up until comparatively recent times great quantities of insects were used for medicine, for dyes and so on, but this use has steadily lessened, and with the lessening naturally the insects have increased. The practice of the control of insect pests by their natural enemies is onp of modern times, for the earliest record of work on anything approaching a commercial scale, dates back by 25 years. It is based on the assumption that all nature is in a state of equilibrium —that is to say, that all life, in its native home, is kept in check by other forms of life which prey upon it More than thirty distinct parasites and seven kinds of predatory beetles have been introduced into the United States to wage war on the gypsy and brown-tail moths, says Professor Ealand. It will be recognized, says Professor Ealand, that unless a parasite shows greater fertility than its host, its power of controlling the latter must be very greatly diminished. In this connection nature has come to the rescue in a marvelous manner by endowing many of the parasites with the power of “polyembryony,” a phenomenon that is unique in the animal kingdom. Parasites so endowed lay eggs similar in external form to those of their less fortunate relations, but from each egg emerges in due course not one larva, but a number of larvae, and by this means their fertility is much increased. A second and still more modern method of natural insect control is carried into effect by means of fungoid disease of insects. These fungoitfs are scattered over large plantations with a dusting machine. All the insects infected carry the disease to their numerous relatives. The fight, indicates Professor Ealand. is only at its beginning. Man will probably win, but even if he does the bug, through its persistence, will outlive him.

The Macdonald Clans.

The Macdonald Clan is by right of antiquity, power, and numbers usually accorded premier place among the great families of Scotland. In addition to the Clan of MacDonald itself, there are MacDonald of Clanranald, Macdonnel of Glengarry. MacDonald of the Isles and Sleat and MacDonald of Staffs.

Hard Things of Life.

Hard things that come our way are not hard when we do them. They are hard only when we don't do them or when we do them imperfectly. Duty Is not hard when it is cheerfully and vigorously done. Duty is hard only when it is not properly met —that is, when it is done without good will, or when it is not done at all.

What’s the Use?

He—Do you know Poe’s "Raven”? She—Why, no, what’s the matter with him?—Club Fellow.

LATEST FRENCH GOWNS

NEWEST IDEAS OF THE MAKERS OF FASHIONS.

Innovations Set Forth by Worth Have Been Accepted as Setting Forth Styles of Season —For Afternoon and Evening. An attractive feature in some of the ▼ery new gowns is the introduction of trains that hang from the waist Worth is responsible for this innovation. That bouse has always liked the ceremonial in clothes, going in strongly for the dignified English effects, as the founder was an Englishman. The uncle who runs the house, is opposed to many of the modern features of clothes; the exploiting of new ideas through manikins at public places was never allowed, and well-known members of the half world were not allowed in the house. When one knows Paris and knows how much courage it required, and monetary loss it Involved, to insist upon these eliminations, then one can get a bird’s-eye view of the dignity of the house of Worth. It may not have paid, commercially or artistically, but it exists. Now that the firm has closed its historic London house, the Paris creations may become more eminently French, but, so far, there is no evidence of it. Only America matters now with the makers of clothes, and Worth believes, rightly, that there is a large number of Americans who do not like the modern tendency toward girlishness and frivolity in clothes, especially for those whose youth has gone. The evening gowns which he advances for this winter have their cascaded trains lined at the sides with satin in a pale color. Someone who wanted a simple gown from which was eliminated the gewgaws that spot the surface of most of the Watteau frocks, asked Worth if he could make it. His answer was a pinkish red velvet without a' touch of any other color or trimming on it. The deep decolletage was cut in the English man-

Evening Frock of Silver Lace, With Full Plaited Tunic of Pink Satin.

ner and held over each shoulder by a band of red velvet ribbon, ending in a bow that stood almost to the ears. It was necessary that the French designers choose chiffon or silk for the best of their afternoon frocks, because they did not have recourse to a variety of fabrics so long as the Germans hold the industrial towns of northern France. True, Rodier, the fabric maker, put up new mills and went on with his work as though the Germans were in

FOR POLISHING THE RAZOR

Useful Little Article That Will Be Found of Value in Almost Every Household. It is a common habit with many men to polish a razor with a towel after they have finished shaving with iL and the consequence is the towel often suffers from a number of small cuts. Our sketch shows a useful little article to be used for this purpose in the place of the towel, that can be made in spare moments from

almost any small remnants of material, and that can take its place upon the dressing table. It is made of silk, and bound at the edges with narrow ribbon and lined with soft wash leather. It is cut out in the shape shown in diagram C, end measures six inches in length and three inches in width when spread out quite flat. It folds together in the center in the manner shown in diagram b, and diagram A shows the way in which it can be used to wipe the razor. For appearance sake, some simple

TIPPERARY HAT

The Tipperary Hat Is a Stovepipe Affair, Trimmed With Green Shamrocks and Was Made Especially for Miss Harrison by Paquin of Paris. This is the First Time It Has Been Seen tn America. In England, Miss Harrison, Whose Father Is a Colonel in the Royal Engineers, Reversed the Laws of Romanticism by Acting as a Romeo to the Suffering Soldiers in the Hospitals and Serenading Them.

their own country, not his, but France had on hand, and found easy to get, a mass of chiffon, so the fashion was created for frocks of that fabric, and the top coat emphasized an adjunct to them. These chiffon frocks are in entrancing cqjors. There is nothing flamboyant* Green that has gray in it, pale purples, yellow, called orangeade, crow blue, taupe-a-plenty. Moleskin ia revived to trim the taupe-colored frocks, and sealskin is here to touch off the gowns of deep brown and pale gray blue. There are few frocks of heavy materials. They would be unbearable under heavy top coats in this climate, so the woman who wants one good frock that will serve many purposes can be suited easily this season. (Copyright, by the McClure Newspaper Syndicate.)

DICTATES OF FASHION

Wool embroidery and odd fur trimmings are features. Many coats are high waisted either in back or front. - Broad-striped coatees are worn for sports over white dresses. Vests and pocket flaps give a suggestion of Louis XVI fashions. Jersey scarfs in wide stripes are used about the neck and as girdles with white morning frocks. Sleeves on some of the new evening frocks are no more 'than little ruffles, sometimes of tulle edged with beads and sometimes held out with a flexible wire at the lower edge.

little design such as suggested in the sketch can be worked upon the exterior, and should it be desired to hang it up it is an easy matter to sew on a small loop of ribbon at one corner. A similar case to hold tissue paper about the same size should also be at hand so that the razor can be wiped before being polished.

USE FOR THE OLD WAISTS

Skillfully Handled They Make the Very Best Kind of Slipover Corset Covers. Make use of your embroidered waists that are out of style by making them int" l slipover corset covers. Cut out the sleeves and open underarm seams, sew up the back or front, finish with small tucks or strips of lace. Cut out the neck large enough to slip over the head. Cut in shape from shoulder to underarm, finish with lace, put tape on back. Sonje of the newest neckwear fa made of black and white silk. It is very effectice. There are some in wide stripes, high stock with flaring points under the ears, and waistcoats that button straight up to the throat Often these points and the big collar are lined with plain black or plain white for contrast, and the buttons match the lining. Then there are white guimpes and vests and collars trimmed with piping and embroidery of black.

Variety of Sleeves.

New models show great variety of sleeve design. Some are full above the elbow and very narrow on the forearm; others flare widely at the wrist

Your Liver Is Clogged Up That’s Why Ydu’r. Tired—Qat «f Sorts —Hava No CARTER’S LIVER PILLS will put you right CARTERS in a few They IIVER their g PILLS. \ ■■■■ stipation, ~ , . Biliousness, Indigestion and Sick Headache SMALL PUL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICE. Genuine must bear Signature v ■rrrnmnra stops from a Bone Spavin, Ring Bone. MV Splint, Curb, Side Bone, or similar 11 trouble and gets horse going sound. II It acts mildly but quickly and good re- / 1 cults are lasting. Does not blister or remove the hair and horse can >■» be worked. Page 17 in pamphlet with each bottle tells how. $2. 00 a bottle delivered. Horse Book 9 M free. ABSORBINE, JR., the antiseptic liniment for mankind, reduces Painful Swellings, Enlarged Glands, Wens, Bruises, Varicose Veins; heals Sores. Allays Pain. Will tell you more if you write. SI and f 2 a bottle at iealen or delivered. Liberal trial bottle for 10c rtaapa W. F. YOUNG, P. 0. F.. JlOTa»»l«St.,Sprlnofield, Mass.

So many young people fall in love because they are just as foolish as older people.

Any married woman will tell you that her husband grumbles around the house —when he’s away.

When all others fail to pleas* Try Denison’s Coffee.

One Year More.

"My, but Percy has grown to be a big boy. How tall are you, Percy?” “Just an inch short of being able to wear father’s tennis trousers, but they’ll be all right by next summer.”

Preparations.

“Has your fiance given you to understand there will be anything on hand for your approaching marriage?” “Oh, yes. A diamond engagement ring.”

Information About Lincoln.

It was left to a Boston schoolboy of a dozen years to give the world some entirely new Information about Abraham Lincoln. He did it in this way when asked by his teacher to write what he knew about the great war president: "Abraham Lincoln was born on a bright, sunny day in February, 1809. He was born in a log cabin he had helped .his father to build.’.’

Aurora Visible In Daytime.

An aurora seen in the daytime is described by H. B. Collier in the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society' of Canada. The writer was at Viking, Alberta, in latitude 53 degrees north, and observed the aurora half an hour before sunset on April 22. Its visibility was due to the fact that a cloud hung above the horizon, serving as a curtain of screen against which the aurora could be seen. The observer stated that ‘‘numerous bright, hazy, milklike streamers, appearing to have their source just below the cloud, darted upward, rising about 15 degrees.”

Crinoline In History.

oft-threatened return of the crinoline, prophesied by alarmists of fashion, leaves us all wondering. We find that the crinoline was first worn in the sixteenth century by a Spanisn princess, who used it to conceal her love letters from a forbidden admirer. According to pictures of Queen Elizabeth, she was the first to wear it in England, a writer in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch states. Perhaps she wore it for the same reason. She had need of pockets to hide such, provided all her admirers wrote to her. Among her earlier portraits we find that her dress resembled that of Queen Mary, her sister. The skirts of these were simply widened at the bottom.

FEED CHILDREN On Properly Selected Food. It Pays Big Dividends.

If parents will give just a little intelligent thought to the feeding of their children the difference in the health of the little folks will pay, many times over, for the small trouble. A mother writes: “Our children are all so much better and stronger than they ever were before we made a change in the character of the food. We have quit using potatoes three times a day with coffee and so much meat “Now we give the little folks some fruit, either fresh, stewed, or canned, some Grape-Nuts with cream, occasionally some soft boiled eggs, and some Postum for breakfast and supper. Then for dinner they have some meat and vegetables. “It would be hard to fully describe the change in the children, they have grown so sturdy and strong, and we attribute this change to the food elements that, I understand, exist in Grape-Nuts and Postum. “A short time ago my baby was teething and had a great deal of stomach and bowel trouble. Nothing seemed to agree with him until I tried Grape-Nuts softened and mixed with rich milk and he improved rapidly and got sturdy.and welL” “There's a Reason." Name given by Postum Co, Battle Creek. Mich. Ever read tfce ab*v» lettert A «ew eae a W ear» tr—» My. 7*5?