Evening Republican, Volume 19, Number 122, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 24 May 1915 — Page 3

St. Gall,

AMONG the innumerable cities and towns which have been ruined by the war is St. Gall, in neutral Switzerland. It has Been its trade of centuries growth swept away by a struggle in which its people have no interest. St. Gall is a town of one industry and that for the export trade, says the National Geographic society. It is a world-famous center for the manufacture of machine-embroidered white goods, and its wares have found sale over the whole earth. It has done an annual trade in these articled with America of between six and seven million dollars a year. It also had heavy business with the countries of Europe and South America and those of the Orient Since the outbreak of 'the war its export routes have been closed, while some of its largest customers have been forced by their war expenditures to stop all purchase of foreign-made luxuries'. The town has grown wealthy through the centuries, and it has continually developed its one industry, built many factories, large and small, where an important percentage of the embroidered white goods of the world are worked, and through all the neighborhood around the city the same industry has found development as a home industry/ in which hand machines are used. Grew Around Monk’s Cell. St. Gall percheß high up on a mountain shoulder, considerably back from the Lake of Constance. It grew up around the mountain cell of a learned Irish monk, St. Gallen, who, taken sick here In the seventh century while on a pilgrimage to Rome, built him a cell 1,000 feet up the mountainside, and, upon his recovery, vowed to devote his life to the conversion of the mountain tribes. Around his cell there has grown up a city of t more than thirty thousand, which bears his name, and which is known to the drygoods buyers of all countries. An abbey was built, and its Irish monks, distinguished throughout Europe for their devotion to learning, here made a safe retreat for their studies. Centuries before the Renaissance the monks of St. Gallen studied both Greek and Latin, and painstakingly copied many of the ancient texts. These manuscripts are still preserved in the library of St. Gall, and they form a priceless nucleus of Its collections. Considerable American capital has been attracted to this energetic little < manufacturing city. Some of the great factories, with their scores of

highly intricate, almost-intelligent machines, are entirely owned by American manufacturers, who regularly visit their plants and make preparations for this country’s seasonal supplies. The American consulate at St. Gall is a very busy office, and it has to do almost solely with the embrdlderies and the machine-embroidered laces of St Gall and of the surrounding villages for American consumption. Lace Town Also Buffers. Anchor town that has suffered severely by the war is Calais, which though it has been looked on by tourists as merely a threshold of continental Europe, is in reality one of the four greatest machine-made lace cities of the world. It is as a center of manufactured laces that Calais in peace times is most widely noted. Calais is a lace town. Almost everything about it has some bearing upon the filmy, delicate webbing which it makes and distributes over the world. Should a tourist miss hls Paris express—a thing, by the way, wht<s is most improbable, for the

HARD HIT by WAR

Calais-Paris connections are excellent —and find himself forced to spend some hours in the city, the first thing he remarks is that there seems to be a dozen or more women to every man upon the streets. While, of course, the relative disproportion is nowhere near so great, still girls and' women do largely outnumber the men, as the lace Industry is continually drawing them from the surrounding counits factories. Wages in this industry are very low, and many of its operations can be performed as well by young girls as by men. The loiterer next notices lace signs everywhere, upon commission houses and factories. Generally, these signs appear in three languages, French, German and English. In spring and autumn he will meet a continual stream of his countrymen, buyers for the big importing houses. Factories Are Worth Seeing. Of his own free will, however, the traveler seldom stays. He is always willing to leave Calais for most anywhere. There are plenty of self-cen-tered, serious, hustling business towns at home, and there is no occasion for enduring the monotonous twentieth century atmosphere when one is on a pleasure trip. There are, nevertheless, many things worth seeing in the flat, dingy, strictly practical port city. Visits to the great lace factories are well worth while, and usually give one a new reverence for the possibilities of insensible machinery. To see the most intricate patterns mingled in a foam wave of exquisite lace, possibly of several colors,' with gold and silver threads, and all this done by a massive, complicated piece of machinery, at one end devouring thousands of thread strands and, at the other,, giving forth a lace equal to the highest cunning of the human hand, is to witness almost tho perfection of man’s inventive genius. And, then, this piece of machinery operates automatically, much like the player-piano. Calais shares with Nottingham, England, the honors for the manufacture of machine-woven laces. The other two leading lace towns make what are known as the embroidered and "burnt out" laces,'on entirely different machines. Calais smuggled its industry, from England, but it has Ridded to the original English processes and machinery enough to be in position to claim a perfection of its own. Aside from, and beyond, its momentary military interest, Calais has the liveliest interest for the person wideawake to present-day marvels, as a

VIEW of ST. GALL

world center of lace production where all the famed handmade lace genre are imitated on machines.

Find Potash in California.

The salt-incrusted valley floor commonly known as Searles Lake, in southern California, has lately come into prominence through the widespread interest in the search for an available source of potash in this country and the apparently promising prospects this locality affords of a considerable commercial production in the near future. The estimate made three years ago that this deposit contains four million tons of water soluble potash salts seems to have been amply confirmed by subsequent developments. That this amount of potash salts will actually be produced and placed on the market cannot yet be considered assured, but so far at can be Judged from evidence available it seems thkt this deposit is the most promising immediate source of commercial potash is the United States

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

RAILROAD FOR ALASKA

GREAT PROJECT INAUGURATED BY GOVERNMENT. Only Second in Importance to the Building of the Panama Canal — Will Be Known as the Suaitna Route. The second great achievement by this government in a generation is at hand —the construction of a govern-ment-owned railroad in Alaska. This project is a feat second only in importance to the building of the Panama canal. Indeed, it is a rival of the canal, for the extension of railroads into Alaska will open up a new vast region of almost unprecedented resources and productivity. The government road will be built under the direction of the Alaskan engineering commission, consisting of William C. Edes, chairman; Thomas Riggs, Jr., and Lieutenant Frederick Mears, late superintendent of the Panama railroad. The commission is now in Alaska. The entire cost of the railroad, including the purchase of the Alaska Northern railroad, it is estimated will be $26,800,000. Congress has appropriated $36,000,000, and it is believed that $30,000,000 at most will be sufficient This indicates what the administration thinks of Alaska, for which the tJnited States paid Russia only $7,200,000.

From Alaskan territory gold bullion worth more than $200,000,000 already has been produced, and the total of Alaskan resources in furs and fisheries, as well as minerals, probably now exceeds $500,000,000. "The route adopted is known as the Susitna route," says a statement by Secretary Lane, “and extends from Seward on Resurrection bay to Fairbanks on the Tanana river, a distance of 471 miles. This route includes the existing Alaska Northern railroad, which runs from Seward through the Kenal peninsula for a distance of 71 miles to Turnagain arm. This route Is to be bought from its present owners by the government for $1,160,000, $500,000 of which will be paid on July 1, 1915, and the balance July 1, 1916. “From Turnagain arm the route is to be extended through the Susitna valley and across Broad pass to the Tanana river and from there on to Fairbanks. “A side line is to run from Matanuska Junction into the Matanuska coal field, a distance of 38 miles. The road is to be built with its present base at Ship Creek, on Cook’s inlet, and from this point it is expected that

The Route From Seward to Fairbanks Is the One Selected by the Government for the First Railroad to Pierce the Interior of Alaska. From Cordova the Copper River Railroad Already Runs in a Few Miles. The Shaded Lines Show Other Railroad Projects Which Will in Time Open Up That Entire Section of Alaska. the Matanuska coal will be shipped during the greater portion of the year.”

Protecting Railroad Employees’ Eyes.

With the object of protecting its employees against permanent injury to the eye or sight, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad company, in a circular jußt issued, urges that in all cases of injury or of the lodgment of foreign particles in the eye, the employee at once get the services of a company physician, whenever this be possible, rather than attempt to treat the injury or allow fellow employees to do so. Railroad experience cites many instances of permanent injury to the eye or total loss of sight sustained as the results of attempts by persons to usurp the office of surgeon. The immediate securing of medical attention, it is held, eliminates the possibility of infection. —Scientific American.

Small Town Makes Boast.

Kamloops, B. C., a town of about six thousand people; boasts the possession of the “longest street car system in the world.” The Canadian Pacific railroad, which extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, runs through the main streets of the town.

WOULD SERVE TWO PURPOSES

Claim That Btael Tla Will Prevent Wrecks and Help to Stop Depletion of the Forests. A steel railroad tie has recently been perfected which the inventor claims will do away with a large percentage of railroad wrecks. The new tie absolutely prevents rail spreading, the most frequent cause of wrecks, and on account of its peculiar surface it makes an excellent cattle guard also. For the same reason, human trespassers would have a difficult time following a railroad track on which these ties were used, and consequently the yearly death rate of 5,000 persona from that cause would be greatly diminished. Careful tests of the new ties on a railroad in Oklahoma show that they have wearing properties at least five times as great as wooden ties. No spikes are necessary, and for the reason that they are self-gauging, the working gang can be decreased to one-

If the Claims of the Inventor Prove True, This Steel Tie Will Eliminate Railroad Wrecks Due to Defective Rails.

half its usual size. In large quantities the steel ties represent a saving to the railroad of $320 per track mile. A strong argument in favor of the new tie is that the enormous depletion of the American forests could be checked to a large extent. —World’s Advance.

Unusual Railroad.

What is probably the most unusual railroad in the United States has its terminal in a small town in the backwoods of Mississippi. There are ten miles of track, including a three-mile branch, and the entire rolling stock consists of a wood-burning engine and one car that must have antedated the Miocene period. The road is owned by one man who acts as engineer, conductor, fireman and brakeman. One trip a day is made and at the start he goes through the car, collects the fares and tells the passengers to get out and help gather wood for the engine. After a spur-mile trip the train comes to a halt at a sort of crossroads, where the branch line connects, the whole road resembling the letter Y. The engineer again makes the round of the passengers and takes a vote as to which direction the train is to take. If the majority want to go to the northwest, that is the road the train takes, and if they want to go to the southwest, then it goes in that direction for the remaining three miles and those who wanted to go the other way are forced to walk across a two-mile strip of woods and swamp to get to their destination.

Canada’s Railroads.

Had not the war seriously unsettled industry and trade throughout Canada, the dpminion would have developed in 1915 a trunk line railroad mileage of approximately 40,000 miles, including, of course, all subsidiary or contracted lines and lines running through American territory. This would have placed the country second to no other in the world in railroad standing. The completion of the Grand Trunk-Pacific system has been retarded. The line extending westward from Winnipeg to the Pacific terminus at Prince Rupert, B. C., has been in operation for some months, but the line from Winnipeg to Moncton N. 8., the terminus on the Atlantic, is not yet completed, and the funds for its completion, under present circumstances, may not soon be available. Many expectations founded on its opening up rich territories in Ontario and Quebec will be disappointed for a while. —Scientific American.

Railroads Use Telephones.

Telephones have displaced telegraph instruments for train dispatching service on 60,000 out of the 260,000 miles of railroads lh this country, C. H. Wilson, superintendent of long distance wires of the American Telephone and Telegraph company, told Special Examiner Marshall of the interstate commerce commission, who was holding a hearing on the complaints of the Grain Dealers’ association of Chicago. The grain dealers allege discrimination by the telegraph companies, by leasing telegraph wires privately to the disadvantage of the public. L. B. Foley, general superintendent of the Delaware, Lackawanna A Western railroad, testified that his road had been operating trains for five years on telephone dispatches without a mistake.

BETTER THAN HEAVY DISHES

Aa Hot Weather Approaches Fish Should, to a Great Extent Take the °lace of Meat. Fish Hash.—Prepare the fish as for fish balls; chop fine cold potatoes and mix with fißh. Fry brown six good slices of salt pork; take out the pork and turn the hash Into the frying pan; add half a cupful of boiling water; let this heat slowly, stirring often; then spread smoothly and brown, being careful not to let it burn. When brown fold It as you would an omelet dish, and garnish the dish with the Blices of pork. When the pork is objected to butter can be used instead. Fish With Tomato Sauce.—One cupful tomatoes, one-half cupful water, one-half of an onion sliced. Cook tomatoes, water and onion twenty minutes. Melt one tablespoonful of butter and add one tablespoonful of flour, stir into hot mixture, add one-half teaspoonful pepper, cook until it thickens and strain. Put fish in a baking dißh and pour the tomato sauce around it Bake from fifteen to twenty minutes in a moderate oven. Fish Toast. —One cupful flaked cold fish, free from skin and bones. Heat in water sufficient to moisten; add butter, pepper and salt. When hot pour on slices of buttered toast; garnish with eggs poached In muffin rings. Scalloped Halibut.—Shred one cupful of cold boiled halibut; pour in the food pan one and one-half cupfuls milk and let come to a boil; add butter size of an egg, salt and pepper, then the crumbs of four crackers, add lastly the halibut; let it cook five minutes, then add two hard boiled eggs chopped fine, and serve on a hot platter with bits of buttered toast

SERVE THIS SUNDAY EVENING

What Is Known as “Farmer’s Fruit Cake" Is Bomewhat Different From the Ordinary Delicacy. Three coffee cupfuls of dried apples, two of molasses and one of butter, ene of sugar, one of raisins, stoned and chopped, two eggs, the juice and grated rind of one lemon, two teaspoonfuls of soda and one pound and about one-half cupful over of flour to be of the consistency of soft ginger cake. Put the apples to soak over night (in cold water), in the morning chop them very fine and stew them in a cupful of water they were soaked in, and add two of molasses. When very soft take them from the fire, turn them out to cool and add to them while warm two teaspoonfuls of powdered cinnamon, the same of cloves and the Juice and rind of the lemon. Stir to a cream the butter and the sugar, and add the eggs beaten light, then the apple and raisins, then the flour and beat the soda dissolved In a tablespoonful of hot water. Bake in a moderate oven an hour and a half or two. Test with a splint.

Potato Chowder.

Pare and cut into thick slices four large potatoes. Peel, slice and brown in a tablespoonful of butter one onion (medium sized); add potatoes to hot fat and onion, then sprinkle with teaspoonful of minced parsley (parsley need not be added if not liked). Add boiling water enough Just to cover potatoes; cook until tender —do not let them become too dry and burn. When done, add one quart hot milk, salt and pepper to taste, then yolks of two hard-boiled eggs mashed fine and the whites minced. After milk is added, add about half a dozen hard crackers and let them steam a little while. This will serve five or six persons.

Dyeing a Rug.

A Brussels rug which begins to look threadbare may be greatly improved in appearance and made to do at least one more season by giving it a dye bath with dye such as is used for fabrics. A 9 by 12 rug will require two packages. Prepare all at once in one large kettle so the color will be uniform, but take out only a small quantity at a time so you will have a supply of hot, clean liquid to work with. Apply to small space at a time with even stroke* straight along with the weave of the carpet. [

Molded Beef.

Procure a shin of beef, have thebone sawed in four )or five pieces, cover with boiling water and cook until the meat leaves the bone. Then chop fine, discarding all the gristle and hard bits; set the liquor away until all the fat has risen to the top; then remove the fat and boil the liquid down so it will Jelly when cold. Season with onehalf teaspoonful allspice, one-half teaspoonful black pepper and salt to taste. Add the chopped meet and simmer for ten minutes, stirring often. Pour into mold until cold.

Grandma’s Cakes.

One- cupful sugar and one-half cupful butter creamed until light, then add two well beaten eggs gradually, after all are well mixed add one-fourth teaspoonful baking powder, then enough flour to make dough stiff enough to handle. Roll thin and cut into fancy shapes. Bake on cookie sheets for 12 minutes, moderate oven. The grownups as well v the young ones can soon make them disappear.

Cooking Dried Apples.

When yoU cook dried apples, try adding a little grated orange peel to them before the stewing proces. This robs the apple of any flat taste it may have and gives it an added zest Orate only the outside skins, as the w hite Inside akin Is bitter.

SOME KITCHEN HINTS

DISPOSITION OF INGREDIENTS IN' THE PANTRY. Flour Must Be Blftsd Several Times to Secure the Beet Results—Use of Bread Crumbs—Tin Cake Boxes. Flour.—Flour should always be sifted several times, as this adds to the lightness of bread or cake. When sour milk is to be employed with the flour, cream of tartar or baking powder is omitted and only soda used. Tea biscuits, made with soda and sour milk, are delicious southern delicacies. A quarter of a teaspoonful of soda is sufficient for a quart of flour. Bread Crumbs. —Crumbs that are to be kept for any time should be put in glass jars. Jars with the tight screw tops used for preserves are excellent for the purpose. The crumbs will keep better if the bread is first dried in the stove, then grated and bottled when entirely cold. All scalloped dishes include crumbs in the mixture and a dry dust of them on top. With the addition of the crumbs, and proper seasoning, aB fragments of fresh meat, fish and poultry may be used up. Balt and Pepper.—Table salt should be fine—in fact, almost as smooth as powder. Black pepper has more taste and pungency if ground freshly in a little pepper mill at the time of using. Heating the Bread Knife.—When you are cutting new bread' for the table did you ever try putting the knife in hot water? Try it some time and see if you don’t find it cuts much easier. Tin Bread and Cake Boxes*—Always keep’cake and bread in tin boxes, as wooden boxes, unless well seasoned, are apt to give them a disagreeable taste, and wrapping them in brown paper should be avoided for the same reason.

Pork Chops and Spaghetti.

Fry pork chops brown with three sliced onions and a tiny clove of garlic, peeled and sliced. Then pour a can of tomatoes over the meat; season well with pepper and salt and a little paprika, and add a chopped green pepper. Cook slowly for an hour. Meanwhile boll a package of spaghetti in plenty of salted water, leaving it whole if possible Cook till tender, then drain and rinse with cold water, and again with boiling water. Place the pork chops on a large platter and strain the gravy, which should have cooked till rather thick, over them, and border with spaghetti. Over the latter sprinkle grated cheese rather thickly and pass a dish of the same for those who like a more decided cheese flavor. Mushrooms, either the fresh or dried, may be cooked with the spaghetti and it will improve the dish greatly.

French Toast With Marmalade.

A fancy toast reminds one of what is sometimes called '‘French toast.” Plain white bread is cut in rather generous slices, brushed lightly with a mixture of egg and milk, not enough being used to moisten more than the actual surface of the bread/ The direct heat of toasting quickly dries this, and when the bread so treated is carefully browned it is difficult to guess wherein lies the secret of this particular brand of toast With a spoonful of Jam 'or marmalade this makes an ideal novelty for the afternoon tea table.

Smothered Mutton.

Cut in small pieces as much raw, lean mutton as desired. Slice seven small potatoes thin, peel four large onions. In a baking dish put a layer of mutton, sprinkle with onion, salt pepper and dots of butter. (Butter may be omitted.) Cut bread in dice, dry in oven and use for next layer, or use only potatoes. Fill the dish with layers, making the top one of bread. It is nice to use bread only for the top. Onion extract may be substituted for the vegetable. Turn over all one and one-half cupfuls of hot water. Bake slowly

Strawberry Mousse.

Pick and wash two quarts of strawberries or use the preserved fruit Put through a sieve with a potato masher. Dissolve one-half box gelatin In a cupful cold water. Strain through a cheesecloth and add two cupfuls of sugar. Stir well over strawberry mixture. Whip a pint of cream until stiff. Add juice of one-fourth lemon, mix with strawberries. Put in a form and stand on ice for two hours. Turn out on platter and serve with whipped cream and powdered sugar.

Mountain Muffins.

Scald a cupful of corn meal with one and one-quarter capfuls of hot milk and let it stand for five minutes. Then add a cupful of boiled rice and one cupful of flour, into which you have stirred two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, a teaspoonful of salt and onequarter cupful of sugar. Stir in the yolks of taro eggs beaten well, a tablespoonful of melted "butter, and lastly the whipped whites of the eggs. Bake 25 minutes in hot greased gem pans.

Creamed Fish.

Flake any fish that may have been left from a previous dinner with a fork; cover with cream sauce and servei The sauce may have as a foundation any of the drawn butter sauce that may have been left over from the same meal. Add milk and thicken to desired consistency.