Evening Republican, Volume 18, Number 250, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 22 October 1914 — Page 3

ur 8 A RESULT of the Titanic disaster, Sir XI Hiram Maxini, the inventor of the I Maxim gun, has evolved a plan for giv--17 I ing ships a “sixth sensb” that will enable ythem to avoid icebergs in a fog by the same means by* which a bat finds its way about in„ the dark. For a year or more he has been working on a device which he claims will enable a vessel to detect a floating object'several miles away, to estimate its size, shape and distance, and to recognize the character of a neighboring shore, so that a har-

bor, for instance, may be safely entered in a fog. All this is to be pone simply by receiving and recording the echoes sent back by the objects to be detected; but the sound that produces the echoes is not high enough in pitch to be audible. Its vibrations are powerful and slow and are given out by a' huge siren at the ship’s bows. The echoes are received and recorded by apparatus that serve as ears and. which are able to give us much more information than a real ear could do. This latest collision preventer is another - adaptation of a phenomenon in the natural world. Sir Hiram Maxim has taken his cue from the bat, which he was reminded is enabled to tell the distance of objects by the beat of its wings. In bats the sense organs are highly developed. When a bat flies about in" total darkness the beat of Its wings sends out a series of pulsations, or waves. These waves strike against all surrounding objects and are reflected back and received by the sensitive organs which form part of the face of

J£® ba A Th ! eXt f emely delicate nature of the ita j-rfh lß8 ’ togetber the sensitiveness of nfrvl S K? Se ™ ntalned its delicate face e ? e ® the bat to U( ige the distance of any object by the lapse of time between the sending out and the receiving of the waves. It is this exceptional mechanism, and not any faculty of seeing in the dark, which enables the bat to fly unerringly without the least light to guide it. This was proved a hundred years ago by the Abbe Spallanzani, who made experiments by blotting ou the eyes of bats with red hot irons and found that they got along Just as well without eyes as with them. Other experiments, without cruelty, may be made to show the same thing. We all know that if we capture a wild bird and liberate it in a large room with closed windows, it makes a wild and furious rush for what its senses tell it is an opening through which it can escape. Its eyeß do not reveal the presence of the glass, and the result is a broken neck. A bat liberated under similar circumstances makes the Bame dash for freedom. The flapping of its wings, however, brings its sixth sense into action and it soon perceives that it is face to face with a solid wall and stops short before it touches the glass. , Sir Hiram proposes to apply this sixth sense to sea-going vessels. His apparatus will produce atmospheric vibrations of about the same frequency as those produced by the bat, but of energy at least three hundred thousand times as great. These will not be audible, but they will travel at least twenty miles, so that they could be received and recorded by a suitable apparatus at that distance, and would be able to travel at least five miles and return back to the ship a reflected echo that would be strong enough to be detected. In describing his invention, Sir Hiram Btates that it might be considered an artificial ear. The apparatus is provided with a large diaphragm tightly drawn over a drum-shaped cylinder, and so arranged that the atmospheric pressure is always the same on both sides, quite irrespective of any air blast. It is therefore always able to vibrate freely in response to the staves of the echo, and its vibrations are made to open and dose certain electrical circuits which ring a series of bells of various sizes. If, for example, the object is very small or at a very great distance from the ship, a very small bell rings, while a large object at a distance of two miles would % ring a larger bell, and a very large object a still larger bell. The apparatus gives an audible notice if anything is ahead of the ship. Another apparatus, similar to the first, is provided, but instead of ringing a bell ft produces a diagram of the disturbances in the air—that is, when there Is no noise except that due to the action of the ship or the sea waves, a wavy line is produced on paper, but whenever the vibrations sent out by the vibrator strike an object and return, the wavy line on the paper becomes very much increased in amplitude, so as to be easily , observed, and the distance that the object is from the ship can be measured by the length of the ,paper strip between the giving off of the vibrations and the receiving of the echo. In this way the distance of the object can be determined with a considerable degree of ficcuracy, and the size of the object may be determined by the amplitude of the waves that return. The apparatus for producing the atmospherlo vibrations should be placed well forward on the snalsi deck or In any ether position where it can

LONGER EARS FOR SHIPS

by ROBERT H. MOULTON.

be turned from port to starboard. Of course, there would be no use for the apparatus except in dark, stormy or foggy weather unless it was to be used in comnpmicating with other ships. If the sea were perfectly clear the blasts sent out would be recorded at the very instant of their production, but no echo would be produced. But if there should happen to be an object of any considerable size at a distance no greater than two or three miles the zigzag line on the paper would be changed, the amplitude of the waves would be greater and would be very noticeable. To make sure, the blasts could be repeated several times { and then if the result was always the same, it would indicate the presence of some object, and the length of paper between the primary blast and the echo would indicate the distance that the object whs from the ship. It might be so arranged that one inch of paper represented a mile. To many it will appear difficult to reveal not only the presence of objects at sea, but also their size, distance and character, by simply sending out vibrations and receiving echoes. Sir Hiram assures us, however, that such an echo properly received and recorded will not only indicate size and shape with a fair degree of accuracy, but direction and distance with great accuracy. It will distinguish, a ship from an iceberg, will show whether the is stationary or moving, and, if moving, the direction and velocity of such movement Let us embark, in imagination, on a ship equipped with Sir invention. We are well out at sea, our ship making 20 miles an hour, and we find, upon sending out several blasts, that the echo reaches us in 20 seconds. We infer that, as it took ten seconds for our vibrations to reach the object and another ten seconds for the reflected vibrations to return, the distance is slightly over two miles. One minute later we send out another blast, but the result is no stronger than before, so we change the direction of the blast and find that the greatest effect is produced when the blast is sent out dead ahead; also, that the distance between the object and our ship is being reduced at the rate of 35 m miles an hour. Inasmuch as our ship is making known object is a ship making 15 miles an hour and traveling toward us slightly to our starboard. Our next blast shows us that the ship is only a mile distant, and very much to the starboard. We follow her direction and when she is in a position to present her broadside to us, we find on sending out a blast that the echo is very strong, the bells at the receiver ring violently and the recorder makes a large and distinct marking on the paper strip. The weather has been so thick that we have not semi the ship, but we have a fair idea of her; we know her bpeed and the direction in which she is sailing. Later on, we receive a series of records from each blast, showing that there are several small objects in our vicinity, probably fishing boats. We are able to locate them and measure their distance, and if any of them are dead ahead of us, we change our direction so as to give them a wide berth. Subsequently we have a new experience. We send out a blast and receive back an .echo show-. lng that there is an exceptionally large object very nearly dead ahead of us. We know 1£ is large, because the distance Indicated is ten miles and the record quite distinct. By sending out

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

repeated blasts we find'that the distance between us and the object diminishes about one-third of a mile in a minute. This, of course, is due to our own speed and indicates that the object is stationary. When we are two miles apart the reflection of our blasts rings the bells and the indicator shows a different record from what we

have seen before. The markings on the paper strip are of considerable size and commence sharp and abrupt, but the ending is not sharp or distinct. There is a trailing out of spots made by the zigzag lines. The total length of the echo is thus made larger than that produced by the primary blast. This shows that there is some kind of a cloud About the object of a different density from the surrounding ait and that it is of considerable size. The logical conclusions drawn are: the object is of great size; it is stationary and it has something about it that modifies the echo. Consequently the record on the paper strip resembles that obtained from both a large, solid object and a cloud. Therefore, it must be a large iceberg surrounded by cold air. ' We change our direction so as to paBS it on our port side at a distance of half a mile. Fortunately we have barely passed when the fog lifts

QUEER SPRIGS OF GENTILITY

Prince .Alexander of Servia is not, as many suppose, King Peter’s eldest son. The latter is Prince George, and was known as the crown prince until his wild escapades compelled even the indulgent King Peter to deprive him of all rights to succession, and banish <him to an inaccessible part of the kingdom. His doings both before and since would fill a book. A French tutor, returned to Paris after two months at the Konak, tells many queer tales of his pupil’s deeds. One morning they were busy at a Latin lbsson when a mouse ran across the room. Quick as a flash Prince George had it hy the tail. The next instant he was dashing off with it to the sentinel at the palace gate, and, bolding it up to the frightened man’s face, insisted on his biting off its head. Upon the other’s refusal he threatened violence, and would certainly have proved as good as his word had not the king arrived in the courtyard at that moment from his morning ride. Not that King Peter ever had much authority over his eldest son. Servian statesmen have never forgotten the painful scene between father and son at which they were once obliged to assist. At a special meeting of the cabinet the then crown prince entered uninvited. King Peter promptly requested him to withdraw. Taking a seat, his highness refused, saying: “I am the future king and have a right to be here, t must know what happens and so shall take part in the council.’* Once more King Peter ordered him away, but the other as stoutly refused, and a heated altercation ensued, during which the ministers melted away, leaving the king and his hotheaded son to settle their difference: alone. On another occasion the prince was 'present at a birthday dinner given in honor of the czar at the Russian ministry. After toasts had been proposed to Emperor Nicholas and King Peter, Crown Prince George arose and drank to the union of Bosnia, Herzegovina and Servia. The icy welcome that greeted these words was such that his highness had immediately to leave the banquet. This and other escapades caused such a revolution of public opinion that Prince George was finally compelled to renounce his rights of succession in favor of his younger brother, and certainly the country has benefited by the change. Prince Alexander is a decidedly different type from the other. A little tot of three when his mother died, he and his baby sister, today the wife of Grand Duke John Constantinovitch of Russia, were at once taken off to St. Petersburg to be brought up by their aunt. Grand Duchess Peter. There he received a sound education and was for a time one of the czarina’s pages. He would probably have entered the Russian army had not the dreadful events of 1903 completely changed his plans. As soon as King Peter was settled on the throne his three children were summoned to Belgrade. At the palace, however, he continued his studies. Two officers were engaged to give him private lessons on law and military science. Servian, Russian and French he speaks perfectly, and lately he was working hard to brush up his German. Though the crown prince’s apartments at the palace are very plainly furnished, there is a wealth of bookcases. He is a great reader, and is familiar with ths principal literary works of four countries

and discloses an enormous iceberg surrounded by smaller pieces that have broken off. Returning to realities, Sir Hiram states that while the apparatus will work exactly as described with the devices already designed, he is not going to rest- at this point. He says that he will shortly produce a recording instrument with a selective power that will not receive any vibrations except those due to the echo of the blast sent out. This will eliminate all noises due to the ship and the sea, and produce a very clean record.

Back to the Bible

Application of the Scriptures to the World Today aa Seoa by Eminent Men it Various Walka ol Life

(Copyright, 1914. by Joseph a Bow lee) THE GOSPEL OP PROGRESS.

(By ARCHBISHOP JOHN IRELAND.)

"Its constructive ideas (the Bible’s) are as far above those of the, other books of religion as the heavens are above the earth. Washington Gladden. 1

The divine purpose in the creation and the preservation of the universe

In the service of God and in the service of man. Christianity, the historic manifestation of the Eternal Mind, makes work for humanity a fundamental principle of religion. “Amen, amen, I say to you: as long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did It to me.’’ ,

And working for man is not the hopeless task that pessimists proclaim it to be. Progress is the law of God’s creation. The Creator has bestowed upon us faculties capable of expansion and it'is His will that we summon into action their latent forces. He has subjected to us the earth, and it is His will that we take possession of it, and assert our dominion over its every part. Powers that lie dormant find no favor in the eyes of God. Progress is the continuity of creation; to arrest it, thrpugh malice or Indolence, is a crime against Creator and creature. Christ’s gospel is a gospel of progress. It announces that all things should be put to profit and made to increase; the talent that 1b j wrapped in a napkin but draws down upon its possessor the Master’s P*. ' , History is witness that under Christ’s touch humanity was Impelled into r moral and spiritual progress with such might that centuries do not still the sublime vibration. The pessimist who stands idly by uttering words of discouragement, does not read lesson in the brightness of the morning sun, and in the richness of the autumn fruitage; nor does he read in his Bible the divine lesson of mercy and grace. There will always be sin and suffering, misery and death. But evil may be lessened, and good may be increased, and this is progress. I shall never believe that good must necessarily yield to evil, and I shall never cease to put my hope in the divinely ordered progress of humanity.

THE BIBLE’S INDIRECT INFLUENCE.

(By ROBERT STUART MACARTHUR. D. D., LL. D., President, Baptist World Alliance.) "When I ran across something In the poets that most deeply Impressed me, I have laid down the book and said: Now, where have I seen that In the Bible T '—Robert J. Burdette. The Bible has ennobled every language into which it has been translated. Its thoughts are so lofty that the moment they are embodied in human speech, whatever that speech may be, it is exalted, and glorified. When it came into the Greek and Latin languages it largely regenerated even the vehicle which communicated its thought It necessitated the creation of hew words; and it gave new and nobler meanings to old words. It is not too much to say that it almost created a new Greek and Latin tongue. It has given noble themes and thoughts to our greatest writers. Go through a library and count the dumber of the books which the Bible has suggested. You will at once put into the category Dante’s "Divine Comedy,” Tasso’s "Jerusalem Delivered." Spenser’s “Faerie Queene,’’ Miltdn’s "Paradise Lost” and "Paradise Regained." Pollok’s "Course of Time,” Pope’s “Messiah,” and many others of like character.

It has often given the idea of the characters which are the subjects of many books. In this way, we are indebted to it for striking features in Scott’s "Ivanboe,” Mrs. Stowe’s

"Uncle Tom’s Cabin," and for many characters in George Eliot, in Tennyson, in Byron, in Shakespeare, and in many other writers. It is said that the Red Cross Knight, in Spenser’s “Faerie Queene,” is but Paul’s armed Christian in the sixth chapter of the Epistle to the Ephesians; that Pope’s “Messiah" is but a paraphrase of prophetic and seraphic passages in Isaiah; that the noblest strains c in Cowper’e "Task" drew their inspiration and part of their imagery from the same rapt

is man. We become God-like in act when we work for man. God, indeed, must ever be the supreme end of our willing and our doing. Direct homage to due to the majesty of God, and this homage God demands from us. But be demands also that we for his sake serve our fellow-men, and the first commandment of the law makes religion to consist

™ I ”’ prophet; that the "Thanatcpsis” el Bryant is bat the expansion of a passage in Job; that Wordsworth’s “Ode , on Immortality" could never have bees written but for Paul’s fifteenth chair ter of First Corinthians and the eighth chapter of Romans; that Shakespeare's conception of woman, of a Desdemona and of am, Ophelia, would have been impossible, had not his mind been permeated by a Bible ideal This suggestive thought could be much expanded, and these instructive Illustrations might be greatly multiplied/ The Bible gave all these men-*-working in different departments fit genius—their inspiration. Shall we ha so inconsistent $s to rejoice in the streams while we despise the fountain whence they flowed? The Bible to a light to the path and a lamp to the feet of the noblest literature. No man may claim tie honors of the highest culture If he is ignorant of the word of God. Let it sing itself through the soul giving clearness to the thought, wings to the imagination, enterprise in practical life, Inspiration to dally doty, hope in death, and glory In eternity.

THE EMPLOYE'S DUE.

(By His Eminence\JAME6, CARDINAL GIBBONS.) "The modern democratic spirit came from the Bible. The popular inatltntlons of today can be seen as developments of early Hebrew institution#."— William P. Merrill. D. D.

The Redeemer of mankind neve* conferred a greater temporal blessing

labor, his boyhood and early manhood being spent in a mechanic's! shop: “Is not this the carpenter, the Son of Mary?” t Labor has its sacred rights as #ell as its dignity. Paramount among the rights of the laboring classes is their privilege to organize for their mutual protection and benefit It is in accordance with natural right that those who have one common interest should unite for its promotion. It is as unjust to deny to workingmen the right to band together because of the abuses incident to such combinations, as to withhold the same right from capitalists because they sometimes unwarrantably seek to crush or absorb weaker rivals. That “the laborer is worthy of hie hire” is the teaching of Christ as well as the dictate of reason. He deserves and that is kind and considerate treatment. There would be less ground for complaint against employers if they kept in view the golden maxim of the gospel: “Whatsoever ye would that! men should do unto yqu, do ye also to them.” Our sympathies for those in our employ, whether in the household, the mines, or the factory, are wonderfully quickened by putting ourselves in their place and asking ourselves how we would wish to be treated under similar circumstances. * There Is no enjoyment in life so pure and so substantial as that which springs from the reflection that others are made content and haptfy by our benevolence. And lam speaking here not of the' benevolence of gratuitous bounty, but of fair-dealing tempered with benignity. Considerate Kindness is like her sister Mercy: "It droppoth as the gentle rain Cram heaven Upon the place beneath; ft is twice bless’d, . It blemeth him that gives, and him that takes; 'Tie mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown.”

Good Joke on Sothern.

Mr. Samuel Sothern, the English actor, says the worst moment of Us stage career was passed in a state of mental paralysis owing to a trick played on him by another actor. This actor, who had a passion for practical joking, and Mr. Sothern were appearing in the same play. It was a sentimental comedy in which Mr. Sothern had to make a long and effective speech with the stage all to himself. The practical joker got an alarm clock, timed the alarm very carefully, and set it upon a sideboard upon the stage. "At the very moment I opened my mouth to declaim,” Mr. Sothern says, "it went off. I stood before the footlights literally gaping, whilst the blatant beß rang and thrummed and clattered through an eternity. It was a nightmare! I wanted to run, and could not; I wanted to speak, and could not Suddenly from the gallery a piercing voice cried out: ‘Bay, boss. I guess your line’s engaged!’"

Hilarious Announcement.

Mrs. Noowed —"Oh, John, our cook is going to leave us in the morning!" Mr. Noowed—“What makes you think sor “Why, she’s been sitting on the kitchen floor with a bottle In her hand, Ringing. And I asked her what was the matter, she threw the bottle at me and said, ’We won’t go home until morning.”’—Exchange.

on the human race than by nobling and sanctifying labor, and by rescuing ft from the stigma o f degradation that had ' been branded upon iL I cannot conceive any thought better calculated to ease the yoke and to lighten the bur* den of the Christian toiler than the reflection that the highest type of manhood voluntarily devoted himself to manual