Evening Republican, Volume 18, Number 116, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 16 May 1914 — Page 2

SIMPLE sanitary system is a most important and necessary feature for every farm home. Without It the health of the family is in danger, however attractive and well arranged a farm house may be in every other respect. It is a matter that should not be postponed to a time when other matters do not press for attention, but should be considered the moment it is

needed. The United States department of agriculture has just issued a bulletin giving a detailed description of a simple sanitary system suitable for the average farm home. It will be sent free to any farmer on application. The new bulletin is the result of a careful study. Convenience, comfort and economy have all been considered and they may all be obtained if the suggestions given are practically applied with care and common sense. If the farmer has neither the time nor skill to install the simple system suggested, a reliable plumber, a pump expert or a sanitary engineer should be employed to install a system along similar lines. The simple sanitary system recommended has four distinct features. It provides for: 1. A pure water supply. 2. Pumping, storage and distribution of water supply. * 3. A durable and simple plumbing system. 4. A safe disposal for farm sewage. The above features are described in detail in the department’s new bulletin, which consists of 46 pages and contains 38 figures and diagrams, with a number of tables. A pure water supply is one of the most important factors in farm life today, as typhoid fever, dysentery and other disorders may be carried by impure waters. Farm water supplies are ▼ery subject to pollution. Of 79 typical water supplies in Minnesota, investigations showed that 20 were good and 69 polluted. Twenty-five of those polluted were bad only because of poor surface protection, and could easily have been made safe. Practically all the surface supplies were polluted. During these investigations 23 of the farms examined showed a record o' typhoid fever. ■ , Surface water supplies should not be used for household purposes, or for washing milk cans. They should not even bemused for laundry purposes unless no other stfpply is available. Rain water from the roof ,4b often polluted by dust, leaves and the droppings from birds. Any person who drinks water from surface supplies endangers his health if such supplies are not adequately protected and then purified. Where underground waters are hard to obtain, cisterns may be used where the store of rain water and surface supplies will be filtered and partially purified. The cistern should be of water-tight construction, to prevent leakage and to prevent pollution from the neighboring soil. It should have an overflow drain and a tight cover. There should also be suitable provision for straining or filtering the water previous to its entrance to the cistern. Farm wells are often polluted from local sources. They are often located for convenience near the barn or stable, or close to the back door, out of which household slops are thrown. The soil surrounding the well becomes saturated with organic filth and allows the surface water percolating through it to carry its load of contamination into the well. The curbing or covering is often loosely constructed of boards, permitting small animals and vermin to fall into the well; and surface water carrying filth and manure, especially after rains, runs into the well from the top. Both deep and shallow wells are subject to contamination. Of 177 deep and 41i shallow farm wells examined in Indiana, 116 of the deep well waters were of good quality, 45 were bad and 16 were doubtful: 169 of the shallow well waters were good, 209 were very bad and 43 were doubtThe safety of water supplies when near sources Of possible surface pollution often depends largely on the character and quality of the material In which the well is sunk. ,* The farm well, especially a shallow dug well, ghoojd be located somewhat above the bar.n----5 yarls and stock pens, at least in such a position

Simple Sanitary Systam for the Farm Home

that the surface drainage from all possible sources of contamination is away from the well. ——ls local conditions and prices will permit, it is " a good idea to provide impervious floors with water-tight drains for farm buildings and stock pens. Under the same conditions concrete manure pits might well be provided to not only prevent the liquid manure from polluting the neighboring soil, but to save the manure. No garbage, manure or rubbish should be dumped into sinks or basins in the immediate neighborhood, and these should be fenced off and kept free from polluting matter. The house should be provided with some safe method of sewage disposal, while slops; and garbage from the kitchen should be deposited in tightly covered garbage cans and disposed of by burying in the fields, burning, or feeding to pigs. The use of privy vaults and leaching or overflowing cesspools should be absolutely avoided, since they are likely to be sources of the worst contamination. The farmer should become acquainted with the various types of wells and the best methods of protection, and the well should be so protected as to exclude filth from those sources of contamination which it has been impossible to remove or that have been overlooked. In the selection, location and sinking of a well it is always a good idea to consider permanence in addition to safety. The well should penetrate to levels below that of the groundwater surface in the driest seasons. Unpolluted springs are as a rule good sources of water supply, since the water usually comes from great depths within the rock or is filtered through many layelrs of sand and gravel. However, springs are subject to pollution from the same source as wells and should be closely watched-in this respect. Farm spring supplies are often polluted by the drainage from buildings and stock pens. Spring water supplies from limestone are also subject to pollution from distant garbage and sewage dumps in sink holes. The same precautions should be taken for safeguarding spring supplies as in the case of wells, and in addition the spring should always be fenced to keep out stock. Spring supplies should be frequently examined for pollution of any kind, and the water should be boiled before drinking,if possible, although this is not absolutely necessary in all cases. The department of agriculture’s rural engineer shows that the quantity of water which can be provided will depend on the power used; the amount needed on whether the service Ib for the entire farm or for the house only. Hand-operated systems are applicable where small quantities aro required for house service only, but in case water is wanted for stock also the use of a windmill, engine, electric motor, or hydraulic ram is necessary. If a windmill is used the storage should be large enough for at least three days’ supply, to provide water in case of calm weather. Where the other sources of power are used the storage capacity. need not exceed one day’s supply. The following table gives approximate quantities of water required per day: Gallons. Each member of the family for all purposes will require , *...|5-40 Each cow will require 13 Each horse will require...., -Each hog will require • • • 3« Each sheep will require 2 The water consumption will vary from day to •

THE EVEXING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, INP.

tional amount, if any, the farmer deems necessary for fire protection. The plumbing system for the average fartai home should be simple and its material and construction should be durable. Water pipes should be arranged so as to carry the water in as nearly a straight line as possible to the point of discharge. The use of lead pipe or lead-lined receptacles for drinking Water should -be avoided in small private systems. The sewer plumbing serves as a drain for the water plumbing. The drainage system should be so constructed as to carry away completely everything emptied into It, and it should be -constantly vented, frequently and thoroughly, flushed and have each of its openings into the house securely guarded. All drains, soil pipe and waste pipe should be water-tight and air-tight. All plumbing should be tested by filling with water or smoke to detect leaks. The process of sewage disposal described is partly mechanical and partly bacterial, consisting of a preliminary septic tank treatment and of final treatment by application to a natural soil by surface or subsurface distribution, or to a specially prepared filter. The septic tank, although air-tight and supposedly water-tight, should be located as far from the house and the well or Bpring as convenience and local surroundings will permit, thus reducing the danger of pollution or nuisance in case of leakage or improper operation of the system. Contrary to the usual opinion, small sewage systems require some watching and care. It is well to study the system and watch the action In the entire plant for any signs of clogging or water-logging. If the sewage is applied continuously to the final disposal system and in such quantities that the system is kept saturated, the filter or disposal area becomes water-logged and “sewage sick” and ceases to be effective. A grease trap is described which acts as a separator of grease and sewage from the kitchen sink or dairy room. If grease is allowed to enter the sewer it accumulates and eventually clogs the system. No cost of material or labor has been quoted in the new bulletin, since these vary considerably with time and locality, but nothing has been recommended which is not considered to be an economical investment for the progressive farmer. Progressive cities are making large ex» penditures for sanitary systems to protect the health of theii people, and similar protection is due the country residents. f With the help of a reliable plumber or Banitary engineer any farmer will be able to work out a simple and economical solution for this problem.

HE REMEMBERS.

“Mrs. Dobb never ties a string around Mr. Dobb’s finger to remind him to bring back something from town.” “No?” “She merely locks bim straight in the eye and tells him he’d better not come home without it”

PERSIFLAGE.

Gibbs —A man’s best friend, they say, is a full pocket book. Dibbs —an empty one is his most' constant friend, because while others may grow cold, he will find no change in his purse.

day and with the seasons. Fire protection should also be considered, and in determining the size of tank the maximum amount likely to be required should be provided. For a family of six persons a 209gallon supply should be sufficient If the water is supplied to a family of six persons, ten horses, 12 cows, 25 hogs and 15 Bheep, the daily storage supply should be at least 560 gallons, with whatever addi-

AUTO A NECESSITY

Each Year Shows That the Machines Have Achieved an Advance in Popular Favor. CONTRIBUTE TO JOY OF LIFE That They Will Ever Go Out of Btyle or Use Is Beyond Consideration — Prominent Manufacturer Tells Reasons for Optimistic Outlook. As early as 1898, when The Haynes Automobile Company was still In its infancy, we decided to build for the following year about fifty cars. About the same time I learned that another firm was expecting to build 100 machines for the same year, and we wondered if both companies would sell the entire output of 150 cars, relates Ellwood Haynes. It was hot a question in my mind whether the American people could buy these machines, but , whether or not they would buy thejn. To my surprise we sold all we could make, and the public still clamored for more. Notwithstanding the tremendous strides which have been made In the business, this experience has been repeated each year without exception ever since. The automobile has so established Itself in thousands of American homes

Elwood Haynes, Builder, of America’s First Car.

and so endeared itself to those who use it that it will not be given up excepting in certain cases where dire necessity demands It. Not only does the owner of a machine take his own family out for pleasure driving, but frequently takes the children of his neighbors, so that it is now rather difficult to find a boy or girl in the more populous districts, who has liever had a ride in an automobile. The motor car will no more go out of style or out of use than the beautiful home, the piano, the Brussels carpet, or. a hundred other things that contribute to the Joy of life. It has become the basis for outdoor life for thousands of families, contributing not only to their enjoyment, but to their health, peace of mind, and general well-being, affording, as it does, a long wished for pleasure and utility, which it has only been possible to realize within the past ten or twelve years. The automobile buying season is in full blast, and many purchasers will be car owners for the first time. H. E. Doty, manager of the .Haynes Motor Car Co., gives the following timely advice to such owners, which should be very helpful indeed: * “One of the most important things for the automobilist to learn is not to ’tinker.* There is,no mystery concealed under the hood of a car, there is noth-

This Is the oldest automobile In existence, and Is now on exhibition at the Smithsonian' Institution, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., duly labeled as follows: "Gasoline Automobile, built by Elwood Haynes, In Kokomo, Ind., 18931894. Successful trial trip made at a speed of six or seven miles per hour, July 4th, 1894. Gift of Etwood Haynes, 1910. 265,138." ing tbat should be kept secret from the car owner, hut the temptation to ’tinker’ Usually becomes too great; a delicate adjusting .serew is turned of a wire 1b disconnected and then — trouble begins. , “Talk to the repairman, study the instructions, learn all yon can, and then when the emergency oomes, you’ll be prepared. But wait for the emergency. Do not tinker. Don’t try to make adjustments when the car la already in adjustment Don’t begin tearing down until you have located the trouble. Don’t try to lnptavt the

timing of the valves or the tgnittat the manufacturer knows best Treat your car as you would an expensive watch. A lot of trouble may be avoided by having an expert examine the car about once every two month*. There are many little wrongs that may quickly develop into big wrongs If not discovered and checked. <" “Don’t patronize the cheap mechanic—his work is usually in keeping with his price. Keep your car out of the hands of the schoolboy whq offers to work free of charge. The manufacturer is always ready to ad? vise and help you. His reputation Is . in your hands and don’t be too much f inclined to blame the car when the first little trouble arises. Bach machine has peculiarities of its own and no matter, how experienced you may be in the operation of motor cars in general, it is essential that the manufacturer’s Instructions be carefully read and followed. “The idea that there is no particular care necessary for the successful operation of a car, aside from filling the tanks and radiator is erroneous. There Is no more carefully designed mechanism in existence, and as is usually the case with ah complicated machines, careful Inspection and attention to details will prolong its life and Insure successful operation to an immeasurable degree. “Treat your car well, lubricate Itj regularly. The result win be efficient service at minimum upkeep. And then, when the emergency comes, when something does go wrong, don’t 'just tinker.’ Be systematic. First find where the trouble is; second, determine what it is; third, what Is the remedy; and last, how this remedy may be applied.”

NEED A REGULATING VALVE

Use of Water With Gasoline Means a Considerable Baving of Fuel to the Auto Owner. With the exhaust gas heater some form of regulating valve should be used and a few cross partitions in the inlet pipe at the point where the heat is applied help heat the center of the column of the entering mixture. Gasoline will stand about eighty-five pounds compression without pre-ignition. Kerosene, however, will not stand over seventy pounds unless a small quantity of water is taken into the cylinder with each charge. The customary manner of doing this is to employ either a separate small carburetor for the water or a small valve attached to the regular carburetor. In a few engines the.water is injected directly into the cylinder, The proportion of water employed is about one and one-half pints of water to each gallon of kerosene. If the water is not used when the motor has the usual compression employed for gasoline the motor will pre-ignite and Is very apt to burn out the connecting rod bearings. It is not generally known that water may be used to advantage wjth gasoline in about the same proportion with considerable saving of fuel.

Preserve Car Body.

For the particular man, one of the most trying things is to have the body work of his car get shabby. The following mixture makes an excellent “restorer” for the body work: One pint of turpentine, one pint of wood alcohol, one quart of distilled or rain water, one quart of kerosene oil. Mix the alcohol and turpentine together, then mix the water and kerosene oil together. In order to defy the old adage about oil and water not mixing, it is necessary to place the kerosene and water in a gallon jar and shake briskly until they mix, then add the alcohol and turpentine, which have beqn previously mixed, and shake the whole until thoroughly mixed. The mixture is apt to separate after standing, but can always be brought together again by brisk shaking. The mixture* should be (applied to the body work with the soft side of a flannel cloth and polished with a dry one.

New Auto Safety Device.

The municipal authorities of Paris have under consideration an ordinance making it obligatory for all motor cars to carry a device by means of which passengers in the Interior of their car may stop it instantly without the assistance of the chauffeur. Such a measure would prevent accidents similar to that in which the two children of Isadora Duncan met their death. Another preventable accident of the same kind was caused in Paris a short time ago by a chauffeur fainting on his box. The proposed device which the technical committee of the prefecture of the Seine has before it for consideration is said to be easily applied to any automobile at a coet of about $lO.

Carelessness of Chauffeur.

If an automobile is leased for a pleasure ride, and the chauffeur merely obeys the instruction of the lessee as to the route to be taken, the owner of the car is responsible for any damage which might be caused by the chauffeur’s negligence. This is the decision of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, in the case of Qeiretson vs.' a garage company, in which the lessee of the car sued the garage owner for damages, because he was injured in an accident caused bj» the carelessness of the chauffeur. The court held that in such a case the driver is the sei> vant of the garage owner, and not of the lessee of the car.

France Taking to “Cycles.”

Trance has one automobile for every 500 people, one cycle for every 13 and one motorcycle for every MSI. Between mo ah* 1111 there was (he enormous increase,#! 100,000 ay Ota* •