Evening Republican, Volume 18, Number 56, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 6 March 1914 — Page 3

Training 120,000 Citizens To Be Soldiers

P"**"*** T was that blazing hot first Iday of July, 1898. Shafter’s little army was tearing Its way through the satteaam tropic jungle and up the heights toward where lay the Spanish riflemen, deTjTjf fending Santiago de Cuba. At what since came to be known as “Bloody

Bend” in the path of the American advance there was a break iff the foliage. Directly in the line ot the Spanish fire it lay. And so thick was .the jungle that the advancing troops had to cross this open space. see Untrained In warfare, many untrained even In what is now regarded as primary principles of combat, brave but untaught and unprepared as Americans ever have been in the earlier stages of their wars, the new enlisted men from New York .and Michigan and Oklahoma and Arizona and all the union met here the supreme test. Scores fell before the enemy’s fire What was needed most was intelligent leadership, and skilled' leaders were woefully few. The sacrifice of life went oh, for lack of knowledge to cope with an unexpected military situation. > ’ There came on. the scene First Lieut. Albert L. Mills, First United States cavalry, holding rank as captain and assistant adjutant general of volunteers, and attached to the staff of General Shafter. Four years at West Point and 19 years as a subaltern offlcer of cavalry serving in the far west —hard, studious, working years—united with natural capacity and fitness, had made him a cool, resourceful, skillful, trained military leader. He knew the business of war. At once he began to bring order out of chaos. He showed the men how to take cover. He directed a return fire. The advance, temporarily checked, was resumed. Then a Spanish bullet crashed through his head. It tore away one eye and temporarily blinded the other. But he refused to leave the spot where he was so urgently needed. Sightless, a bloody bandage wound about his brow, he remained and continued his work of directing the troops as they came along. The scene has been perpetuated In picture and in written description. It stands out as one of the most vivid and splendid Incidents of the war of 1898. “For distinguished gallantry in action near Santiago de Cuba, July 1, 1898, in encouraging those near him by his bravery and coolness after being shot- through the head and entirely without sight.” That is the notation on the record in the war department in explanation of the award of the congressional medal of honor to this officer. Was he any more brave than scores and hundreds of others who participated in thb operations at Santiago? Probably not, but he, better than so many others, knew how to do the job which the American forces had set out to accomplish on that day. It was his knowledge, his military skill, quite as much as his coolness and his disregard of his own sufferings, that brought him distinction. The government at Washington, these lessons fresh In Its mind, concluded that the man who had done what Mills had done at Bloody Bend was the sort of man needed to train future army officers. Sq, advancing him to the rank of colonel, the war department In the autumn of 1898, when his one remaining eye had healed, sent him to West Point as isuperintendent of the finest military academy In the world. There he remained for eight years. In 1904 he was advanced to the grade of brigadier general. Now, after two years of departmental command In the Philippines and three years of like duty in the' department of the gulf, general Mills is back at his old occupation of supervising the training of young Americans in the business of war. But it is in a larger field. Instead of directing the intensive training of several hundred prospective officers of the regular army he is In charge of the federal activities that assist the National Guards of the various states tn attaining military proficiency. Approximately 120,000 National Guardsmen are the material with which he io working. It is a larger force than the regular army. Something ingrained In the fiber of English-speaking peoples .makes them opposed to the maintenance of large standing armies. They ever have preferred to put their dependence In a citizen soldiery. But modern condi-

BACK TO BEGINNING OF MAN

English Scientist Gives His Version of Rapid Process of Evolution In the Early Days. Not the ancestor, of modern man, hut a man, nevertheless. Is the final judgment of Prof. Q. Elliot Smith, F. F. 8., concerning the Piltdown "Dawn man,” whose fossil jaw and teeth, "unmistakably Simian In character,* have won for him the scientific name of Eoanthiopus. He believes that this ' r i

tions. the invention of Intricate and powerful new engines of war; the need, as revealed by studies and experience of military sanitation; the development of new and swift methods of transportation—all these have changed the character of the soldier’s business. He must know more today than he ever knew before. The idea of the soldier as mere “food for powder” long ago became obsolete. A higher training is required. Our little standing army, therefore, Is today regarded more as a training school and a model for the larger military force that will be necessary in our next war than as the country’s chief land defense dependence. From the citizens must come the big fighting force. In our every war we have sent untrained citizens into the field at the beginning. The resulting loss of life, largely because of the ignorance of how to live under military field conditions, has been shocking. The financial loss in prolongation of the war, in temporary setbacks, in expense of improvising field armies from nothing, in pension rolls, has been stupendous. Lack of preparedness was the cause. Preparedness, then, is the aim and purpose of the military authorities of the United States. They are trying, so far as congress and public opinion will permit, to profit by the awful lessons of the past. They are trying to make the regular army a perfect military force and to make the National Guard, otherwise the organized militia, just as well trained as any body of citizen soldiers can be trained.’ Results are being achieved. There has been an organized militia of sorts ever since this became a constitutional republic. The organizing of. it ever has been in the hands of the states, however, and the states have had varying ideas of what sort of a military force should be maintained in the guise ot organized militia. The war of 1898 showed up the defects of our military system in a glar* ing fashion. This resulted in the passage of the new militia law of known as the Dick bill, really organizing the militia force. By this act larger federal assistance was given to the militia of the states and a larger measure of military efficiency required of those forces in return for that aid. In 1908 the law was amended and improved. A national militia board, consisting of militia officers appointed by the secretary of war, was authorized to advise with the war department on militia affairs. And also the division of militia affairs in the war department was created to handle the subject. see It is this division which Brig. Gen. Albert I. Mills now heads. Federal aid is now extended to the organized militia or National Guards of the various states to the extent of about $5,000,000 a year. Of this about $2,500,000 is expended for arms, equipment, camp purposes and maneuvers, about $500,000 for the promotion of rifle practice, something like $600,000 for ammunition and more than $1,000,000 for supplies. ’ The result of the new laws has been to bring the National Guard force into closer and more intimate relation with the regular army, to make it more uniform in organization, discipline and equipment and to establish standards of efficiency, to which all elements are working. General Mills himself, in his erect carriage, grizzled hair, stiff, gray, military mustache, firm jaw and strongly lined mouth, is the ideal soldier. In speech he is careful and deliberate, in action sure, determined, rapid. “A strong character” is the estimate of the observer. It is a correct estimate. One known, without the study of his life and habit of thought that demonstrates the correctness of the theory, that he is a man of high ideals, spotleks life and simple creed of right and wrong.

specimen must represent a very slight* ly modified descendant of the common ancestor of modern man and his real progenitor.. At the meeting of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical society, on November 18 last, Professor Smith pictured the dawn of human existence:. "When man was first evolved the pace of evolution must have been phenomenally rapid, by reason of the rapid weeding out of those who were hot fleet of foot and nimble-witted to meet the dangerous new conditions. Thus,

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

“Why do we have an organized militia?” was the question put to General Mills one afternoon in his office. “As viewed from the standpoint of the national government, we have an organized militia to take part with the army as -the first line of defense in case of any national emergency,” replied the general. .“To maintain ourselves,” he continued, “until the great mass of volunteers which is certain to be needed to carry on any war with a foreign power can be enlisted, organized, equipped and trained. • “The organized militia is to be distinguished from the unorganized militia The latter embraces the manhood of the country. Since 1792 every male citizen of the United States between the ages of eighteen and fortyfive, who is physically sound, has been a member of the unorganized militia. “The organized militia includes the National Guards of the several states. Its reported strength is 120,000. The law of 1903 makes this a more formidable arm than its prototype ever was before. The war department recognizes it as a potent force which, with proper support by congress, can be made a real national military asset. Only those elements of the National Guard which participate in the federal appropriations and conform in organization, armament and equipment with what is prescribed for the regular army are recognized by the war department as part of the organized militia. This takes in, however, almost all the so-called National Guard organizations in the country. “The policy of the war department is to make the militia an efficient force for national military purposes. The department is witlhout authority to increase the strength of the organized militia, it being within the province of each state, under the constitution, to determine what sized force it shall have. The purpose ot the department is to seek to make effective the intention of congress, as expressed in existing laws, and assist the states in so organizing, arming, equipping and training their National Guards that these independent forces when needed, can pass, without reon ganization, smoothly and easily Inta the federal service. • e e “The division of militia affairs is the machinery through which the war department exercises its supervision over and discharges its responsibilities to the organized militia The division is one of the four co-ordinate branches of the office of the chief of staff of the army. Its duties are comprehensive. They tall naturally into two classes. One is administrative and the other instructional. “Administrative embraces all the details connected with the supervision of disbursements of federal funds, the organization of the National Guard in the various states, and their equipment with arms, ammunition, uniforms and camp equipage generally. “The alm of the instructional efforts is to assist the states in securing a trained and efficient field force. Under the constitution the authority for training the militia is in the hands of the states, but it must be of the kind that is prescribed by congress for the army. "With this in view, there are assigned to each state specially qualified and selected officers to do duty as in-spector-instructors, assisting the states in this practical way, and enabling them in the matter of training to keep in touch with the most modern methods pursued in the army. "The result of federal assistance afforded the organized militia is that it has greatly Increased the efficiency of the force. It is progressing so well along these lines that, with continued assistance by congress and a recognition of that assistance by the states, the nation will have a dependable field force, certainly one Infinitely better than any new organization, filled up with untrained citizens, could be expected to be.”

in view of the fact that no human rb mains or undoubted evidence of human workmanship are known earlier than the Pleistocene, it is quite possible that amidst the turmoil incidental to the Inauguration of the Pleistocene period a group of anthropoids rose superior to the difficulties of new circumstances and became ‘Dawn men.’ ”

Pennsylvania Far in Lead.

Pennsylvania’s coal production is almost as great as that of the other twftaty-seven producing states.

WOMAN IN BADCONDITION Restored To Health by Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, |. Montpelier, Vt. *' We have great faith in your remedies. I was very ir■■MMMmMmmpegular and was Attired and sleepy all jSwhMQMKI the time, would have cold chills, and my an(^s feet would V* bloat. My stomach bothered me, I had a bad headache most, of she time. Lydia v \ & Pint bam’s Vege- \ \ \ \\ table Compound has —A A \ l-t.lAldone me lots of good and I now feel fine. lam regular, my stomach is better and my pains have all left me. You can use my name if you like. lam proud of what your remedies have done'for me. ’’ Mrs. Mary Gauthier, 21 Ridge St., Montpelier,Vt. An Honest Dependable Medicine It must bo admitted by every fairminded, intelligent person, that a medicine could not live and grow in popularity for nearly forty years, and to-day hold a record for thousands upon thousands of actual cures, as has Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, without possessing great virtue and actual worth. Such medicines must be looked upon and termed both standard and dependable by every thinking person. If you have the slightest doubt that Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound will help you,write to Lydia E.Pink h am Medicine Co. (confidential) Lynn, Mass.,for advice. Your letter will be opened, read and answered by a woman, and held in strict confidence.

Within the Law.

A real negro “mammy” of the old type came up the walk through the old-fashioned garden to the side porch. She had a basket of “fresh aigs” on her arm and was offering them for sale. “Are you sure they are perfectly fresh, auntie?” asked the lady who came out of the house. “Yes’um, they sho is all right, Miss Bess. Ain’t nary disorderly alg amongst ’em.” —New York Evening Post

THE RIGHT SOAP FOR BARTS SKIN

In the care of baby’s skin and hair, Cuticura Soap is the mother’s favorite. Not only is it unrivaled in purity and refreshing fragrance, but its gentle emollient properties are usually sufficient to allay minor irritations, remove redness, roughness and chafing, soothe sensitive conditions, and promote skin and hair health generally? Assisted by Cuticura Ointment, it is most valuable in the treatment of eczemas, rashes and itching, burning infantile eruptions. Cuticura Soap wears to a wafer, often outlasting several cakes of ordinary soap and making its use most economical. Cuticura Soap and Ointment sold throughout the world. Sample of each free,with 32-p. Skin Book. Address postcard “Cuticura, Dept L, Boston.”—Adv.

Queer Human Nature.

“People are funny.” “How now?” “In this Van Million divorce suit they divided $25,000,000 amicably and they scrapped about .the custody oT« pug dog.” Wright’s Indian Vegetable Pills put the stomach in good condition in a short time. Try them for Sick Stomach, Biliousness and Indigestion. Adv.

Natural Quality.

“What a ringing voice that girl has’” “Doubtless it Is because she Is such a belle.”

Only One “BROMO QUININE”

That !• LAXATIVB BBOMO QUININH. Look for the signatnre of B. W GBOVB. Cure* a Cold in One No man ever knows how many friends he has lost by handing them advice. Bore Ryee, Granulated Eyelids and Sties promptly healed with Boman' Eye Balaam. Adv. Give a blind beggar a dime and he may invest in an eye-opener. Putnam Fadeless Dyes are the brightest and fastest Adv. Many a man who marries for money is a poor collector.

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Good. Um |g| tattoo. Sold by

HIS FIRST YEAR AT FARMING 111 SASKATCHEWAN Win Premiums and Prizes in Competition Witti the World. • .*. T ‘ —— ■ — _ There are thousands of young men filling positions in stores and offices, and In professional occupations throughout the United States, who in their earlier life, worked on the farm. The allurements of city life were attractive, until they faced the stern reality. These people would have done better had they remained on the farm. Many of them, convinced of this, are now getting "back to the land,” and in the experience; no better place offers nor better opportunity afforded, than that existing in Western Canada. Many of them have taken advantage of it, and there are to be found today, hundreds of such, farming in the Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. The conditions that surround farming operations today are so much superior to those in existence during their early farming days, that there Is an attraction about it. Improved machinery, level and open plains, no rocks to shun, no trees to cut down, but wide stretches with mile-long furrows, elevators to handle the grain, railways to carry it to market, and bring Almost to their doors the things necessary to operate. Splendid grazing areas, excellent Opportunities for raising cattle. These things are all so different from what they once were that there is reason to speak of the attractions. R. H. Crossman of Klndersley, Saskatchewan, the man who won such splendid prizes at the International Dry Farming Congress held at Tulsa, Oklahoma, last fall, grew the prize grains during his first year farming. Up to 1913 he was an engineer ( and the only knowledge he had of farming was that obtained when he was a boy. That was very useful; in fact it was valuable to him. He had not forgotten it Thousands with as little experience as he had can du well by taking up one of the 160-acre grants offered by the Canadian government Advertisement. - ■-

Interested the Feline.

"Serenaded my girl last night* “Any member of the family come out?" “Only the cat”

The New Treatment of Epilepsy

owes Its discovery to the fact that a Texas epileptic wgs accidentally bitten by a rattle snake and instead of the bite proving fatal, it cured him of epilepsy. Medical scientists experimented on a number of cases with highly satisfactory results and the Crotalin treatment is now being successfully used by specialists in thousands of epileptic cases. Crotalin is injected hypodermically. It is prepared m the laboratories of Boericke & Runyon, 8 West 38th street, New York, who issue a very interesting booklet on the Crotalin treatment which they will send free to anyone interested In the cure of epilepsy.— Adv.

Not Worth the Wear and Tear.

The Beggar—Oh, lady—a halfpenny —but what a pity to open a beautiful bag for such a trifle! The Cough is what hurts, but the tickle is to blame. Dean’s Mentholated Cough Drops stop the tickle—sc at good Druggist*. Snickers and giggles seem to have taken the place of the good old fashioned hearty laugh.

Weak Heart Many people suffer from weak hearts. They I may experience shortness of breath on exertion, | pain over the heart, or dizzy feelings, oppressed breathing xatilm&V ■ after meals or their eyes become blurred, the heart is not ■ sufficiently strong to pump blood to the extremities, and I they have cold hands ana feet, or poor appetite because of weakened I I W". I Dr* Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery 1 which nnnfalee no daagMvw narcotioa «r alodwl. ■ helping digestion and curing dyapepeia, heart-bum and many uncomfortable eympM toma, stops exccMivs tissue waste to convalescence from /even; for the na> ■ down, anmmic, thin-blooded people, the "Discovery” is refreshing and vitoUtiag. & Bests er dsMrt form s« awf dbw Mw«e sr seed 4V rtsmeerP | stamrsfor trial fam teDr./taw's/esolWZMrtsL MVMa, M F. " “ISTEMPER yrt tosfao kidney Trendy. He and n a bottles M and de a dowa. Cattbiaouh X<wplt Hhow toyoerdniMrtet.wko wlllpetlttoryoa. Pne BwSrtk "UrtesveeS Cmmb and Cures. * BpectiM jUraate wanted. SPOHI MEDICAL CO., 60SIEI, 111., 0. S. L

official information—never paullahed No locator W. N. U, CHICAGO, NO. B-1914.

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Vilaablt Stcrti will mall rear'* (apply and dlndloM for [>ta£ WALDO BUFFLV CO.. Sierra Madre. CaU - ~~ RHEUMATISM