Evening Republican, Volume 17, Number 232, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 29 September 1913 — Page 3

MORGAN on the ISTHMUS

by E.W.PICKARD

Panama, R. P. —It la not given to many men to destroy a city so utterly that.it is never rebuilt. That is what Capt John Morgan, the master buccaneer, did in 1671, when he led his band of cutthroats down from the hills upon Panama, After he had finished with that big, flourishing city there was so little left of it that the Spanish moved five miles west aldng the coast and there built a new Panama —the Panama we know today. The story of Morgan’s justly famous exploit, often told, never grows stale. It is a wonderful story of desperate bravery, endurance, suffering and ruthless cruelty, and as John Esquemeling was the first to relate it in detail, so he has been thd best. Howard Pyl* has well said: “In the case of the Esquemeling history, it should be decidedly hands £ff. One touch of the modern brush would destroy the whole tone of dim colors of the past made misty by the lapse of time.” So I wish I had space to quote the entire, story of Morgan and Panama ah Esquemeling, who was one of the band, tells it Some of it, at least, must be given in his quaint language, beginning with the capture by a part of Morgan’s fleet of Fort San Lorenzo at thev mouth of the Chagres river. Says Esquemeling: “Captain Brodely being made commander, in three days after hiß departure (from St. Catherine’s) arrived in sight of the saidt castle of Chagre, by the Spaniards called St. Lawrence. This castle is built on a high mountain at the entry of the river, surrounded by strong pallisades, or wooden walls, filled with earth, which secures them as well as the best wall of stone or brick. The top of this mountain is, in a manner, divided into two parts,' between which is a ditch thirty feet deep. The castle hath but one entry, and that by a _ drawbridge over this ditch. To the land It has four bastions, and to the ’sea two more. The south part is totally inaccessible, through the cragginess of the mountain. The north is surrounded by the river, which here is very broad. At the foot of the castle, or rather mountain, is a strong fort, with eight* great guns, commanding the entry of the river. Not much lower are two other batteries, each of six pieces, to defend likewise the mouth of the river. ... “No sooner had the Spaniards perceived the pirates, but they fired incessantly at them with the biggest of their guns. They came to an anchor In a small port about a league from the castle. Next morning, very early, they went .ashore and marched through the woods to attack the castle on that side. This march lasted till two of the clock in the afternoon, before they could reach the castle, by reason of the difficulties of the way, and its mire and dirt; and though their guides served them very exactly, yet they came so nigh the castle at first that they lost many of their men by its shot, they being in an open place without covert." The pirates bravely assaulted the castle, sword in one hand and fireball in the other, but were repulsed with heavy loss. Renewing the attack under cover of darkness, “there happened a very remarkable accident which occasioned their victory. One of the pirates being wounded with an arrow in his back, which pierced his body through, he pulled it out boldly at the side of his breast, and winding a little cotton about It, he put it into his musket, and Shot it back to the castle, but the cotton being kindled by the powder, fired two or three houses in the castle, being thatched with palm leaves, which the Spaniards perceived not so soon as was necessary; for this fire meeting with a parcel of powder, blew it up, thereby causing great ruin, and no less consternation to the Spaniards, who were not able to put a stop to it.” , Full advantage was taken of this by the buccaneers, and they set fire to the palings and gained a foothold within them, despite “many flaming pots full of combustible matter, and odious smells, which destroyed many of the English.” All next morning the fight raged, but about noon the English gained a breach through which they fought their way to the heart of the castle. “The Spaniards who remained alive cast themselves down from the castle into the sea, choosing rather to die thus (few or none surviving the fall) than to ask quarter for their lives. The governor himself retreated to the corps du guard, before which were placed two pieces of cannon; here he still defended himself, not demanding any quarter, till he was killed with a musket shot in the head.” ' In a few days Captain Morgan arrived with the rest of his fleet and organized the expedition against Panama. He took his men by boat up the Chagres as far as Cruces, now a village not two miles from the canal, and there landed them for the overland march. Leaving 160 men with the

boats, he started through the jungle with about a thousand. For days they struggled on, suffering Intensely for lack of food, for the Spaniards and Indiana had destroyed the villages and crops along the way. At one point they found a number of leathern bags, and “made a huge banquet” upon them. At another a few sacks of meal, some plantains and several jars of wine were discovered in a cave. On the sixth day after leaving Cruces “ascending a high mountain, they discovered the South sea. This happy sight, as if it were the end of their labors, caused infinite joy among them.” Then they came to a vale, where they found plenty of cattle, and their period of starvation came to an end with a monstrous feast. "Cutting the flesh into convenient pieces or gobbets, they threw them into the fire and v half carbonaded or roasted, they devoured them, with incredible hast* and appetite; such was their hunger, as they more resembled cannibals than Europeans; the blood many times running down their beards to their waists.” That evening the pirate band came In sight of Panama, and pitched their camp, which .was ineffectually bombarded all night by the guns of the city. Next day Captain Morgan led his thousand bold men down the hillside and confronted the forces of the governor of Panama, consisting of two squadrons of horse, four-regiments of foot and a huge number of wild bulls driven by Indians. The Spaniards began the battle, but their horse were useless, owing to the softness of the ground. The foot were held in check by the fire of the pirates, bo the wild bulls were driven forward but, frightened by the noise of the conflict, the animals ran away. After two hours of fighting the surviving Spaniards fled within the city walls. Six hundred of their comrades lay dead upon the field. Morgan at once attacked

"Morgan’s Tower,” Old Panama.

the city, and though the defense was desperate, of thfc pirates being killed, Panama fell within three hours. What Morgan did to the devoted Inhabitants in the effort to find all their hidden treasure is too horrible to relate. Soon after the capture of the city fire broke out in many quarters, and Esquemeling says the conflagration was started by Morgan, though he laid {he blame on the Spaniards. Anyway, as the houses were almost all built of cedar, the entire oity was soon consumed by flames. Some three weeks later ‘‘Captain Morgan departed from Panama, or rather from the place where the city of Panama stood; of the spoils whereof he carried away with him 175 beasts of carriage laden with silver, gold and other precious things, besides ab<?ut six hundred prisoners, men, women, children and slaves.” Of old Panama naught remains but the ruins of the cathedral, the tower of St. Stanislaus’ church and the fragments of a few other stone and brick structures. For more than two cenv. ies they have been buried in the jungle, but are now being brcught to view by the efforts of the Panama government, which is having ;he undergrowth cleared away fr* m the ruins. ’ The visitor to the isthmui should not fall to make {he trip d«*wn the Chagres from Gatun to the versing Morgan’s route. The ncenery along the river is beautiful, *iid the great stretch of ocean beach- -clean, hard, green and purple sanl over which immense breakers roll—U ideal for bathing. The massive walls of Fort ikn Lor* enzo still stand on the hill at the mouth of the Chagreß, and th# heaps of cannon balls left by the Si«ihiards are yet there. In the dungeons of the castle are piles of rusted Irons—the fetters which they hoped to fasten on the bodies and limbs of Morgan and his buccaneers. „ • 4

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

DEFECTS OF THE LIPS

BEAUTY MARS THAT MUST BE X CURED WITHOUT DELAY. Bad Habits Have Permanent Results and Effectual and Absolute Remedy Must Be Sought For and Applied at Once. It is the curve of the lips and the caliber of them rather than the mouth itself that indicates character and habits, and thljT are such important featured in beauty making and so susceptible to being moulded that they should be carefully studied, with a view to eliminating or minimizing any defects. .Perhaps an otherwise beautiful mouth takes on a scornful twist at one corner, or it is thicker at one side than at the other, and then only by diligently practising before a mirror can the defect be remedied. Press the offending side down into place, and form the habit of keeping it there. At first it will be difficult, but persist. It might even be advisable to bite the lip at that side, or at least to train into the bad habit of compressing the lips, in order to accomplish what is desired, but then must speedily begin the correction of that habit. Lips that are too thick betoken coarseness and are not generally attractive. In some cases they may be made to appear thinner by elongating the line from th“e nose down. This is done by drawing the outsides together-Khat is, by drawing the lower one up and the upper down, and sort of folding them in —literally drawing the outside edges of them together, as already suggested. - . • ‘ With the aid of the mirror this can be done without compressing the lips, which is a distressing habit, showing not necessarily nervousness but lack of poise. Moistening the lips frequently with the tongue is another deplorable habit and one that is not peculiar to age, although one of the signs. If the stomach is kept in condition and the lips smooth and soft the habit is easily broken. At any rate it must be, for rough, cracked lips are sufficient to mar the beauty of any face. Pursing the lips, although recommended for making the mouth small, will tend to induce myriads of tiny wrinkles that will grow deeper and 'deeper as the habit fixes itself, so a better method of decreasing the size of the mouth line is to take the greatest care not to stretch the natural line. Find out from the mirror just how near to being pursed the lips can come without wrinkling and practice keeping them in that position, learning to do it without strain or effort and without thrusting the lips out. If this habit is formed there will be also the satisfaction of knowing that at least one or two of the lines at the corners of the mouth are gradually growing fainter. The progress might be helped on by gentle rotary massage with a skin food. Drawing the lips to one side will, in less time than would be imagined, result in an unbalanced effect, in the mouth that gives a sinister expression to the face. If the lips should not be compressed, Just as certainly they should not be permitted ever to remain open with the under jaw dropped. Nothing so hints of inanity, vacuity. The lips, like the eyes, should look “alive,” and there, too, is the danger that in attempting to arrive at that expression the action will be overdone and a hard, harsh effect result. The mirror may be relied upon as a guide in the matter.

Collar and Cuff Sets.

One set is in softest, finest black net, with a straight hem embroidered in many colored silks In tiny cross stitches. Another set Is of very, very finely tucked lawn, the tucks running across and across, the edge being finished with an almost invisible ruche of the lawn.

MAKES DAINTY CHAIR COVER

•Pretty and Exceedingly Useful Article Requires but a Short Time to Fashion. There seems to be a revival in the fashion of what in the old days was called the antimacassar, and a dainty cover of this kind for the back of an arm chair makes a verj| pretty addition to it and serves the purpose of protecting that portion of the chair which usually needs it most, and in the case of an old chair It hides that part which has probably become most shabby. - . . 1 - ’ . We give therefore a sketch of a very dainty cover carried out in ribbon and lace, .and it la also one that

can be made without any great amount of work and which looks wonderfully pretty and effective. It merely consists of squares of lace sewn in betweeh bands of satin rib-

FOR HOLDING THE HATPINS

i .... . Original Idea That May Appeal to the Wishes of Some of Our Readers. A novel, original and decorative hatpin holder is the subject of the accompanying sketch, and It is made with the aid of one of those pretty Japanese paper fans that may be purchased in many shops at the cost of a penny or. three-halfpence and a cardboard cylinder of the nature so often used# for sending unmounted photographs and drawings through the post. The cardboard is covered with a pretty remnant of silk, carefully selected to harmonize with the colors that appear on the fan. The silk is gathered into a tiny frill at the top of the cylinder, and at the base it is tightly tied together* with a piece of narrow ribbon. Two slits are cut in the fan, and through these two slitg a piece of broad'ribbon is threaded in the manner shown in diagram A on the left of

the sketch. The cylinder can then be tied in its place and the ribbon mtrried to the edge of the fan on side and finished off with smart bows. One tiny tack or a drawing pin will be quite sufficient to fasten this decorative little article in its place upon the wall by the side of the dressing table and a little cotton wool should be tucked Into- the extreme end of the cylinder to receive the points of the pins and prevent them wearing through the silk. To still further ornament It the handle of the fan might be tied up with a smart rosette bow of ribbon with long ends hanging downwards.

Figured Bags.

Figured bags of many fabrics are much used with- warm weather clothes. Figured silk in many designs, from the gay and startling futurist silks to the delicate figured Bilks that suggest the colored muslins which have come back into popularity, is made into bags of many shapes mounted in nickel, silver, brass and gold. Etamine and sponge and cotton velvet In figured and plain designs are also used for handbags, change bags, handkerchief bags and all sorts of other lit--tle-bags which can be carried for calling, shopping and walking trips. These hags can be made to order to match certain frocks; but it is usual to choose one In harmonious colors and design which contrasts slightly with the dress with which it Is carried. }' <

Crepe Negliges.

White crepe negliges, embroidered with fine wool threads In soft colors, are very becoming. A long rest robe of the crepe shows a loosely arranged bunch of embroidered flowers at the two front corners of the skirt, and a trailing little streak of embroidery up each side of the front. At the neck the embroidery widens out into a yoke design% A dainty lingerie collar falls over and half conceals this yoke.

bon and lined at the back with soft silk and finished off at either end with frills of lace. The colors of theVmaterials are a matter of choice, but it would look well carried out In any pale shade of color, the silk lining showing through the lace with pretty effect, or it might be made in a combination of colors if preferred. For everyday use a lining of batiste or sateen might take the place of-silk, it would be less expensive and could be easily removed and cleaned when necessary.

DICTATES OF FASHION.

Jet buttons are used on smart white frocks. As a rule the modish dressy wraps do not come below the knees. . The tendency is toward wider and longer sleeves and loose coat styles. Fancy buckle shapes are plentiful, the newest* being in bow effect with small tassel ends. Cut steel buckles are especially favored this year and appear to advantage on patent leather, suede and satin. Speaking of tassels, one would say that they are steadily winning and have taken the place of the pendant ornaments. All tones of yellow, shading from palest canary to deepest ocher, will be used extensively to trim suits, gowns and millinery. So many summer frocks have a very high waistline, recalling the Empire and very becoming for the fichu treatment, Which Is Caught with a cameo brooch or Hunch of flowers, emphasizing the graceful mode.

PERIOD OF PREPARATION FOR WINTER

Two Houdan pullets hatched April, 1912. They commenced laying In September and from October 1 to April 1st of this year, laid 291 eggs.

(By RAT YAN BENTHUTSEN.) From the early part of August until the end of October the year-old stock is going through a period of preparation for the coming winter by getting rid Of the worn and old covering and acquiring a beautiful new. one. A slight molt is also experienced by some young pullets that have been hatched very early in the year. s The only time we have ever had a chance to observe this, however, was in the case of six Plymouth Rock pullets that were hatched in February. These began to lay In the latter part of An-, gust, and while they went through a slight molt In the last part of October, this molt was so gradual that It did not seem to affect the egg yield to any noticeable extent. Otheh experiences that we have heard of differ from this and the above is probably the exception rather than the rule. Generally speaking, It appears that pullets hatched earlier the first part of March will go through the molt In October and November and may not resume laying until late In January. Therefore, it would seem that old henß or April and early May hatched pullets are the most desired for early winter laying and for breeding purposes. Regarding the heavy molt which happens after the pullet year, several tests have been made from time to time to see if this molt could be “forced” so that the hens would resume laying at least In November. In forcing the molt, the general plan is to starve the flock for a period of from four to six weeks and then feed heavily during the remainder of the period. It has generally been found, however, that the fowls will molt almost as quickly under normal conditions as they will if forced. It Is not generally known that the time for a fowl to complefe Its molt extends from About 80 dayß (in the pullet year) to over 100 days (for the older birds). Therefore, if a yearling begins molting in the middle of August she will not have her full plumage until about the middle of November. This, however, is the earliest date for tile molt to commence and in

GUINEA FOWL IS MOST DELICIOUS

Cross of Pearl and White Will Produce Carcass Resem- ' bling English Grouse. (By MICHAEL K. BOYER.) The Guinea hen is a good layer, hut on account of the wild, gamey flavor, the eggs have never had an extensive sale for table use. However, by turning the eggs Into broilers or roasters a considerable profit will be derived. The flesh is the nearest substitute we have for the wild game. The Guinea is of a roving disposition, and one of the best known destroyers of insects. The laying season starts in early April and continues until October, the hen laying as many as 120 eggs in a season. In the early part of the season it is not advisable to let the Guinea hen hatch a brood, as she is of too restless a nature, and will not giveiher young the proper attention. But lifter the first of July, on account of the warm weather, she will be more quiet, and can be safely entrusted with a brood. It requires four weeks to hatch out Guineas. The hen always hides her nest, and that, too, in some very obscure place.. As it comes ofT the nest it gives a shrill cry, and in that way the hiding place can be detected. All the hens of a flock are apt to lay in the same nest, and in taking away the eggs they should not be touched with the hands, for if the hen discovers that the nest has been touched she will desert it and bunt another place. But if the eggs are removed with a stick she will not leave the nest, even though the eggs are taken out nearly every day. It is claimed that a cross of the Pearl and White Guineas will produce a carcass closely resembling that of the English grouse. If rightly cooked, the meat of even an old bird will be tender and delicious, while that of the young bird is unsurpassed as a broiler or frier. The dressed Guinea has ♦

some cases the hens do not begin till the last part of October or early in> November. When such .a late molt' takes place the time for the complete molt is generally not much more than two months. Since it has practically been proven I that forcing of the molt is not effective, except in a few individual cases. It would seem that the only thing to do in thlß period is to take as good: care as is possible with the flock so 1 that the fowls may finish their moltj in the best health. It will be understood by anyone that the shedding of feathers and the building up of the new covering is a strain on any fowl and while the owner is getting almost no returns from his flock this Is the time when their feeding should be most carefully watched. The usual habit is, however, to neglect the flock during this period simply because they are not giving good results. ® One of the best recommended mixtures to be fed the flock during the molting period is given below. This does not vary much from the feed given during the rest of the year except that cracked corn is Nused instead of whole corn and not as much corn is fed during the warmer months as during winter. Scratch mixture —Wheat 10 lbs., oats 10 lbs., cracked corn 16 lbs. Hopper mixture —Com mepl 4 lbs., wheat bran 2 lbs., wheat middlings S lbs., oil meal 1 lb., alfalfa meal 1 lb., meat scraps 1 lb. This latter mixture wafe used by the Cornell experimental station in tests along these lines. Our general opinion is that more thought should be given this question of molting, and that careful attention should be given flocks at this time. The days when 60 eggs per year per hen would be considered sufficient have passed and it is remembered that we now throw out the hen with such a record and even criticize ttys 100-egg hqn; we should also remember that the results we expect cannot be reached unless we give the flock the best care that we possibly can and consider no details too small to be overlooked In the daily routine.

a round, .plump body, good-sized breast, and small bones. Guineas will pair if the sexes are equal. They generally lay between the hours of ten o’clock In the morning and two o'clock in the afternoon. Until well feathered, the young; Guineas are delicate and tender. It is not advisable to hatch before June. The Guinea cock bird cares as much, for the young as does the hen, guarding them during the day and hovering them at night. The male bird is larger than the female, is more aggressive, and has a different call. The hen makes a noise sounding like “Come back, come back," while -the male givea “Tick, tick!” The cry of the Guinea is one of warning to the rest of the poultry, and they at once hide until the alarm ceases. Guineas do not scratch like other fowls, and therefore are safe to have in the garden. They should be given their freedom, as they do not thrive in confinement

Making Calla Lilies Bloom.

A busy woman puts her callas out In the border during the summer and treats them as she does her vegetables —keeping the weeds down and hoeing occasionally. In September she pots them in a good-sized pot, allowing ‘an Inch of stones for drainage. She uses good, rich potting soil and when the new growth appears in December she places the pot 8 ' in a crock and four or five times a week pours d quart of almost boiling water In the crock. She reports that often four and five flowers bloom at tbs same time. - •

Look After the Fences.

Don’t forget to fix the fences. A trip around the pasture and field fences now and then will often save trouble, strength and the time of having to drive the cattle back into the pasture. Animals are almost human when It comes to going where some one does not want them. Remove the suggestion, therefore, by not allowing any sags In the wire or any loose or decayed posts In the line. A well-kept fe«ce is an indication of a good farmer. > • *