Evening Republican, Volume 16, Number 210, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 September 1912 — Page 3

FIRE BLIGHT

By M. W. Richards,

culturist, Purdue Experiment Station. Purdue University Agricultural Extension.

Fire blight has caused more damage to the Indiana apple crop this season than all other diseases combined. It is safe to say that at least 85 per cent of the fruit Bpurs were killed by blossom blight this spring. Since that time numerous apples have been •truck by the fruit blight and practically every apple and pear tree in the stMe has been covered with twig blight. Fire blight is a strictly American disease. It has been known ever since the early days of horticulture,

Body Blight.

Body blight caused from infected pruning saw. When this canker was small it Should have been thoroughly cleaned—disinfected and painted. The top of the tree oould then have been saved. but Its true nature was not known until 1881, when Professor T. J. Burrill of Illinois showed, beyond a shadow of doubt, that It was caused by a specific bacterial organism. The disease manifests itself In several ways and has several names. In the early spring it attacks the blossoms when It is knpwn as blossom blight; later on It may affect the fruit, when It Is called fruit "blight. Throughout the growing season the disease works on the rapidly growing new shoots and causes the tpyical fire or twig blight. The disease spends the winter in the bodies of the trees in the canker form. In the spring the bacteria start to reproduce and from these cankered areas arise the organisms which are responsible for the new infections. As the organisms in the canker reproduce, a slimy ooze is discharged from the wound. This ooze is teeming with bacteria. Bees visit this semi-sweet, slimy fluid and carry the bacteria to the flowers—a blossom

Twig Blight.

Characteristic "fire-blight." Works in hew growth. Twig, killed from A. Should b« cut at B and burned. blight results. Aphids and treehoppers also feed on this liquid. They then migrate to the tender shoots of the newer growths, insert their

REPUTATION IS FIRST NEED

Bhoufd Consist of Certain Elements Such as Giving Every Customer a Square Deal. In building up a poultry business one needs first to build a reputation. The reputation should consist of cer* tain elements, as, for example, the breeding of high-class stock and giving every customer a square deal. To gain a reputation for breeding highclass stock one must be able to produce the bird*. He needs to become a real breeder, knowing and observing the rules of jjls art Better still, he should know, not only from experience and observation, the rules of breeding, but should also know ths reasons upon which such rules are founded. Having produced the birds, he should let the public know the fact He may do this by exhibiting and advertising. These are the two wings which will enable him to fly to the summit of success. If only one wing |e nsed he must flutter more- slowly, hut if compelled to use one wing, advertising will be the one to help him

beeks covered with myriads of ba» teria and the twig blight is started. Borers and bark beetles also carry the disease on their bodies and when tunneling into the tree bodies cause cankers to be formed. Cankers are also formed by the bacteria gaining entrance through blighted water sprouts. The disease/can only gain an entrance into the tree by way of natural openings or wounds. Once there it works in the sap wood of the tree. The fact that it works in the interior portions of the tree and that it does not trust to be spread by "means of spores renders it almost immune from our standard sprays. The only satisfactory remedy so far advanced for this most pernicious pest is that of cutting out all diseased tissue and burning it. All wounds made should be thoroughly Bterillzed so as to prevent renewed infection. Spasmodic removal of blighted wood is a waste of time. If the blight is to be controlled, a systematic effort must be made. Cut out all blighted wood at once. Make the cut at least six inches below the dead portion of the twig. Sterilize the stub. This can easily be accomplished by using a solution of corrosive sublimate made up at the fate of one part to 1,000 parts of water. This solution is most readily made by obtaining the corrosive sublimate from the druggist in tablet form. These tablets are known as antiseptic tablets and when one is dissolved in one pint of water a 1 to 1,000 solution of corrosive sublimate is obtained. Place the antiseptic, solution in a bottle with a sponge over the mouth. This bottle can then be tied on the pole shear just below the blade and used to disinfect the stub. In handshear work the bottle may be swung from the belt in a burlap bag which encases the body of the bottle, but leaves the neck exposed. If the blight is to be eradicated from an orchard, treatment for its control should be begun in the winter time. Give each tree a careful examination

Assistant Hortl-

Fasten an old bottle near the blade of the pole shear. This Is easily dons by means -of a burlap band. Wire Sponge over bottle mouth. The bottle is filled with disinfectant. The constant motion of the pole keeps sponge saturated. This is then swabbed over each wound, thoroughly disinfecting it. for body cankers. Thoroughly cleau each canker, taking pains to remove all infected wood. Scrape the wound well, disinfect it and then paint with whitedead paint. Just as soon as the trees blossom, visit each tree at least once a, week and break out all blighted spurs. Rub off all water sprouts as they appear. These wounds will not to be disinfected. Throughout the growing season keep the twlgbligbt cut out by systematic use of the pole shear. Rigorous orchard sanitation should also be practiced as anything which tends to control insect pests also tends to the control of the blight. This outline of treatment may seem expensive and severe, but remember that a body canker may kill the tree outright—blossom blight greatly.reduces the crop and twig blight so Injures the tree as to Impair Its fruiting ability. By beginning early, blight should be controlled for not more than |2.00 per acre per season.

most. Both, however, are essential, as exhibiting furnishes the material and verifies the announcements es advertising and the latter glvek’the neoessary publicity for growth of reputation. r

Young guineas should be fed grass seed or small seed and baked bread. Guineas should always be hatched early enough for the knot on top of their head to get bard before frost or they cannot be raised. August is a good month for them to come off as the grass seed are then ripe.

Keep a few fowls and rear a few chickens. If you find pleasure and success in so doing, add to your plant and stock, little by little, and so continue until you have experimentally demonstrated your fitness or unfitness for the business.

Grit takes the place of teeth in fowls' and a liberal supply should be avadh able to them at all times

Pole Shear Fitted for Blight Work.

Feed for Guineas.

Start With a Few.

Supply Grit.

EEON ROUGE has invented a nonsinkable suit of tissue cloth which has created great interest wherever he exhibits it. He thinks the outfit will be especially suitable for aviators, steamboat passengers and motorboat enthusiasts. >

VESSEL DRIFTS FAR

Japanese Fishing Sjmack Driven Off Course by Storm. Five Men Are Picked Up by United States Immigration Inspectors After Being at Sea for Three Months. San Diego, Cal. —A story vying with Homer’s famous tale of the wandering of Odysseus is that told by five Japanese fishermen picked up by the United States Immigration inspectors in southern California. The men were captured on the road from Encintas to Escondido. Their 'clothing was in rags and they themselves were weary and famished. They were taken’ to jail and there, through an interpreter, told the history of more than three months of wandering, beginning with a typhoon off the coast of Japan and ending with shipwreck near San Diego. Last May the men put to sea in their little 50-foot, three-maßted fishing Junk Symiyoshi Maru (Good Luck Boat) from Yokohama. They were headed for Hakodate, 500 miles to the northward, on a fishing trip. The first day out all went well, but on the next day a typhoon came up. The Junk, unable to make headway, was forced to run before the wind and was driven 1,000 miles to the southward. When the wind subsided the boat was found to be badly damaged and the Bteerlng gear demolished, making her unmanageable. There was nothing for it but to drift, and sail as beßt they might, trusting to their good fortune to bring them safe to port. The first land they sighted was Honolulu, but the wind changed as they neared that port and they were driven 100 miles farther south. They sent distress signals, but no ships passed to notice them. A crude compass, such as Is used by the primitive sailors of the Japanese islands, was their only means of discovering their beading. Two weeks out their supply of water was exhausted and they were Just beginning to suffer the agonies of thirst when a tropical rainstorm burst. Rushing on deck they placed buckets to catch the fall and secured enough for a few days, renewing the supply from time to time In the same manner. It was not long afterward when their food gave out. In the extremities of hunger they ate the spare sails, composed of grass matting, and their straw sandals. Down across the equator they sailed, past the Christmas islands and then northward again, toward Central America. Then they were blown out to sea again. Just as they sighted land. More than a month ago they passed the Galapagos Islands, fast in the grip of the wind. Aimlessly they drifted

SEEKS SANCTUARY; IS SEIZED

Condemned to Death, Convict Is Pursued Into Cathedral of Veezprlm In Hungary^ Vienna. —During the icelebratlon of mass in the Cathedral of Veszprim, in Hungary, a man in convict’s clothes burst Into the cathedral and, rushing up the aisle, attempted to conceal himßelf behind the high altar. He was followed by a prison warden with rifle and fixed bayonet Maas was suspended while th& warden chased the convict round and round the high altar and finally captured him. “The refugee was Vendelen Makkos, under sentence of death for the murder of a pawnbroker. He had jumped from one train to another while being escorted from Budapest a few weeks ago, but was recaptured. Later be escaped through a prison window and made for the cathedral, apparently with the idea of obtaining sanctuary.

Dons Suit; Forgets Loot

Philadelphia.—After filling his pockets with valuable jewelry in the borne of Assistant District Attorney Fox, a burglar put on one of Fox’s suits and Vent away forgetting the loot

LEON ROUGE IN HIS NONSINKABLE SUIT

Screams of Herself and Lady In Waiting Bring Guards of the Palace. Peterhof, Russia.—People here still are laughing at imperial adventures the night before the Czar met the German Emperor. The imperial family went to bed early to get up fresh for the cruise into the Gulf of Finland. At midnight fearful screams came from the Czarina’s room, which ii immediately next to that of the Czar, -Who sleeps with an adjutant and is guarded by six soldiers and an officer quartered in the ante-room. The Czar and the guard rushed into the Czarina’s room and found her in a terrible fright An assassin was somewhere in the room; both she and the lady in waiting, who sleeps on a mattress stretched near the bed, heard him moving about In a few seconds the room was filled with soldiers, who blocked all exits and had orders to shoot down any one who tried to go in or out Every corner of the apartment * was pearehed in vain. Suddenly a noise came from a cupboard in a distant

up the coast pf the continent, nearly always within sight of land, until they finally went ashore 30 miles north of San Diego, ending their journey of more than 7,000 miles.— The five Orientals gave their names as Yas Kamesaburo Yoshida (captain), Takamassu Kono, Zuzidu Shimizu, Kamekickl Worsaki and Shaikanosuke Kono. They are being held injsil here until orders are received from Washington for their return home. They have been visited by hundreds, crowds beginning to arrive as soon as the Btory of their strange adventures was learned.

RURAL ACTORS ARE TALENTED

r Humble Thespians in Poland Depict Stories With Realism on the Stage. Warsaw, Poland.—There has been a surprising increase in the number of peasant theaters, which are making their appearance in every part of Poland. These institutions are run almost entirely by the peasants and are made to pay. Only pieces dealing with their own life are attempted and the result is most realistic, especially as the Pole has a strong dramatic instinct Any hall In a village does for a theater, as the scenery is of the most primitive kind. What carries conviction is the entirely natural way in which the actors and actresses play their parts. For the foreigner they give a far deeper insight into national Jife than all the pieces produced in the larger cities. The actors mostly* train themselves, choosing one of the cleverest men In the village to coach them, and they bring with them a whiff of the stable and the cowhouse, which other managers have tried to introduce into their plays. „

BOY REGAINS HIS EYESIGHT

Youth in Wilmington, Del., After Fourteen Weeks’ Blindness, Can Now See. Wilmington, JDel.—Following an accident by tripping over a carpet in the kitchen of his home. George W. Morgrm. Jr., aged twenty-one years, 'of East Thirteenth street, who 14 weeks ago became totally blind, has had his eyestight restored. Morgan 11 years ago was hit tn the eye when a small boy hurled a stone. Since that time he has been afflicted with eye trouble. Last September be went to Baltimore to the St Joseph’s hospital and while there worked in the Maryland .Workshop for the Blind. Fourteen weeks ago he bedame suddenly totally blind while sitting in his boarding house.

Czarina Alarmed By Cat

HEBREWS RULE TWO TOWNS

One Is Angora in flouthwest and Other li Village in Central i American Btate. . Vienna. —Those Jews who dissent from the Zionist movement, with Mr. Zangwill at their head, have now found two new countries where Hebrew settlers could form a majority and so secure an autonomous administration. ' The advantages of these latest lands of promise are now under consideration. One of them is the Portuguese Colony of Angora, in southwest Africa, and /the other a Central American state which may not yet be mentioned as negotiations are still in progress. In this connection a congress of the Jewish territorial organization, with Mr. Zangwill in the chair, sat here for four days with closed doors. It was learned that Mr. Zangwill pointed out the great difficulties that had been encountered in finding a suitable country. In 1907, Turkey, fearing an Italian occupation, offered them Barca (or Cyrenaica), the eastern division of Tripoli, but this proved unsuitable for colonization owing to the lack of water.

KILLS SELF WITH DYNAMITE

Foreman of Logging Camp at Nelaon Island, B. C., Lies on Explosive and Sets it Off. Vancouver, B. C.-r-Chris Dunn, foreman in a logging camp on Nelson Island, a short distance up the coast, blew himself to pieces with four sticks of dynamite. Dunn had been suffering a great deal from a leg which was broken a year ago. He also brooded over the loss of a friend, killed in a dynamite accident two weeks ago. At daylight he arose and went out to the top of a cliff. There he lay down on four sticks of dynamite and set them off. His body was hurled sixty feet down the bank. Dunn was 35 years old. He lived In Seattle until three years ago.

FINGER SEVERED BY RING

Spectator Watching Balt Game at Springfield, 0., From Tt*ee Loses Digit In Fall. Springfield, O. —Excited by a home run smash in a baseball game which he was watching from a seat in a tree, Ernest Rich lost his balance and felL As he shot toward the ground Rich clutched at a limb. A ring he was wearing on the third finger of his left band caught Rich was suspended for several minutes, struggling desperately to free himself, until a sodden Jerk threw all his weight on the ring and tore the finger off.

comer and the Czarina grew hysterical Several soldiers, beaded by their officers, surrounded the cupboard door with drawn swords and called upon the hidden assassin to disarm. Dead silence reigned as the captain heroically opened the door. Out jumped a hugh black cat The Czar, suddenly relieved, laughed heartily and all followed salt except the Czarina, who was too confused to do anything.

Woman Hunts Poachers.

London. —Poachers in Sussex have now to beware of a lady gamekeeper, who is watching over the southern country preserves with a foily-loaded gun. Bhe has been initiated into her somewhat arduous duties by her father, who is also a gamekeeper, and. although only twenty yean of age, she goes fearlessly about at dead Of night in search of trespassers. In direct contrast to the proverbial saying about a woman aiming straight the is said to be a deadly shot with the gun.

WOMAN GOT A LESSON

INCIDENT OF TWO GIRLS AND THE BTOLEN PEONIES. How the Bhabbily Dressed Man Administered Gentle But Effective Re proof to the Owner of the Pillaged Brooklyn Garden. Two poorly dressed little girls stood outside the garden of a handsome residence in SL Mark’s avenue, Brooklyn, and gazed longingly at the beautiful white and scarlet peonies that bloomed within. Finally the temptation became irresistible, and the elder, scaling the low hedge that separated the garden from the street, proceeded to help herself to the flowers. She had two of the blooms in her hands and was reaching for a third when a smartly dressed woman dashed out of the house and seized her. “Now, you little thief, I’m going to turn you over to the police,” she said. “Oh, please, missus,” begged the child, groveling at her feet; “oh, please don’t get me arrested! I only wanted a few —and they looked so pretty.” But the woman was adamant She was slowly dragging the child toward the sidewalk and repeating her threat about the police when a shabby looking man came along. He gazed at the two for an instant, while an expression of pained surprise came over his face. Then, raising his dingy derby politely, he inquired what the trouble was. “Nothing,” snapped the woman, “except that I caught this little thief stealing my peonies. And Fm going to teach her a lesson if I have to take her to the station house myself.” A curious look came into the shabby man’s eyes. Then he began to fumble in his pockets. A few seconds later he held out to the woman aa open palm on which two dimes reposed. “If thesell pay for what damage she’s done, I wish you’d take them and let her go,” he said. An indignant blush spread over the woman’s face, and then it deepenedinto a blush of shame. She relaxed her grasp on the little girl’s arm and there she paused and turned toward the shabby one, who still held the two dimes in his hand: “I’m sorry,” she said, "and—l thank you.”—New York Evening Mail.

Got Even With Old Crusty.

Old Crusty, as his name Implied* was not a man who was gifted with geniality. His neighbors, in fact, had as little to do with him as possible. However, when a new visitor came t<h the town and moved into the houses next to him, and knowing not of Mr. Crusty’s little failing, there was ly to b,e trouble soon. Wanting a book one day, he politely inquired of Mr. C. if be might borrow one from his library. “You’re welcome to read books in my library,” was the ungracious reply, “but I make it my rule never to let any leave mv house.” , Some weeks later Mr. C. was In need of a lawnmower, and he asked the loan of his neighbor’s. "Certainly,” was the reply. “But since I make it a rule never to let it leave my lawn, you will be obliged to use it here!”—Answers. London.

Age of Valleys.

The erosive power of water H hard to estimate with any degree of exactness. A method of computing the probable age of valleys will therefore be welcome, even if the figures may seem to some open question. A' French scientist has lately reported the results of his studies of the erosive action of an ancient spring in the valley of Lauroux, near Lodeve, France. This spring produces about three and one-half quarts of -water a second, and in every cubic meter of water (35,314 cubic feet), the scientist found 362 grams of calcareous sand. He estimates that the spring erodes 247 pounds of rock daily, or over 45 tons annually. In the course of a century a stream of this else would be able to hollow out a circular cave 52 feet in diameter and 62 feet in length. At the end of 1,060 years it would make a valley 32 feet deep* 64 feet wide and 238 feet long.

Origin of Salt In Ocean.

The origin of the salt in the sea to usually attributed to the constant washing of salts from the land by rain and rivers, and the gradual depositing of them in the sea, through evaporation. In every 100 parts of sea water there are about two and one-half parts of salt- It fans been computed that there are 4,500,000 cable miles of rock salt in the oceans, 14% times the bulk of the continent of Europe above high-water mark. The Atlantic is mach saltier than the other oceans. Prof. Alexander Woeikow, of St. Petersburg, believes that this is due to the large, .amount of water vapor that is carried onto the continents bordering this ocean, which are comparatively, low where they front the sea.

Nsturally.

"Do you play any Instrument, Mti Jimp?” “Yes, I am a cornetist" *n “And year sister?" i “She’s a pianist" "Does your mother playF* \ "She’s a zitherist.” “And your father?” ‘"He’s a pessimist”—Judge,