Evening Republican, Volume 15, Number 286, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 5 December 1911 — When Spraying is Practiced [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

When Spraying is Practiced

*wo classes or enemies attack rrun < WWW u V J established fact that intelligent and persistent spraying always pays. The effects of spraying are cumulative. The effects of spraying last year and this year may result in an increased yield next year. An instructive bulletin issued by the Wisconsin Horticultural Society, has the following to say regarding spraying: The Insects affecting fruit may be divided for convenience into two classes, which are distinguished by their mode ot feeding, viz: eating or chewing insects and sucking insects. Eating insects consume the affected tissues, commonly the leaves, and thereby hinder the functions of the plant. The common example is the potato “bug” or beetle. Insects of this class are destroyed by poisoning their food. Sucking insects do not consume the external tissues of the plant, but feed only on the sap. In order to accomplish this the insect thrusts its proboscis through the Juices4n tha same way aa a mosquito sucks blood. As these insects do not consume the tissue of the leaf or branch, poisons are of no avail. We must therefore attack the insects. This is done by covering them with some substance which will penetrate their bodies, or with substance which closes their breathing pores. To repeat:

(1) Biting or chewing insects are destroyed by placing poison on the parts On which the insects (2) Sucking insects are destroyed only by attacking the insects and for this class poisons are of no avail. Apple scab, brown rot of plums and peaches, potato rot, blight, rust and other destructive plant diseases are commonly ascribed to weather conditions. Indirectly this is often true, but neither, rain nor drought nor any other atmospheric condition is ever directly the cause of plant diseases. Rainy weather does not directly cause plum rot, but provides conditions ravorable to the development of the fungus, and probably unfavorable conditions for the development of the plum and its ability to resist the Invasion of the disease. Fungi (plant diseases) are propagated by spores, minute bodies which may float in. the 'air and are usually too small to be discerned singly without using a compound microscope. These spores alight on leaf or fruit and under favorable conditions of heat and moisture germinate, giving ride to threadlike projections which penetrate the plant’s tissues. The main fact to be borne in mind is this: The spores which may be present in innumerable numbers may be destroyed or their germination prevented by the application of certain substances known as fungicides, while existing as spores on the outside of plants, but after these have penetrated the tissue of leaf, stem or root, spraying is of no avail. In other words, spraying for plant diseases must be wholly for prevention. Making Bordeaux Mixture. The following formula for Bordeaux Mixture is used is a, preventive of fungous diseases, as potato blight, apple scab, etc. Various formulas are quoted, but the following is now accepted as safe and reliable: - Copper sulfate, 5 lbs; Fresh lime, 5 lbs; Water, 50 gals. Either arsenate of lead or Paris green may be safely combined with Bordeaux Mixture. In fact, in all orchard spraying operations it has come to be a common practice to add either Paris green or arsenate of lead to Bordeaux at every application. By this means biting insects and fungi are controlled at a single operation. No other fact is more important than thia tn spraying. Arsenate of lead is a poison for biting insects and is less liable to injure foliage than Paris green. It remains longer inrsuspension. It adheres better to need for any purpose for which Paris green is employed in liquid sprays. The formula is: Arsenate of lead, fl to t Ibe; Water 50 gala. - . . A market squab raiser can not feed as high an* the fancier, but he must feed good, wholesome grata, avtddtas'that which has Him. aged ta any 7 a ,

Barrel and Cart Spraying Outfit.