Evening Republican, Volume 15, Number 162, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 11 July 1911 — Page 2

The Mystery of Malfa

V_ -:. TONE is nowhere far .. * rom the surface in Malta. In o e n squares about Valet to round slabs In « ven ro ’ w ®’ making the paved spaces ap- ’ pear like some kind of western pachlsl-board. covet the mouths of the old granaries, that are tat round chambers cut In the solid rock, with walls made smooth by use of many years. At Citta Vecchia, the former capital of the Island, old cateoomte—probably dug out by the Christians for assemblage during the ages '• <lf persecution—undermine a large area with their extensive ramifications. The remarkable "Hypogaeum” was discovered a feW yean ago at Paula, a village about two-and-*-half miles from the Porte Reale of Valetta. Up to that time the known remains of such underground workings In Malte as belonged to a remote antiquity only included some of the numerous excavated grottoes or artificial caves such as that near the dhurch of St Lorenso, about two-and-a-quarter miles northwest of Hagiar-Kim, circular In plan, with four columns of the natural rock left standing when the cave was made; and thq_many bell-shaped hollows with circular openings near the ruins of Bori-en-Nadur. Professor Zammit, the indefatigable curator of the Valetta Museum, has for the past year or two been spending the greater part of his leisure In the excavation and study of the Hypogaeum; and on a recent visit he took me over the mysterious series of little rock-cut halls, which are in three stages or stories, one above another. He also showed me some chambers which had not yet been cleared 1 out, tn which the floor was covered by accumulated debris to a depth varying from one to two feet. This was composed of sand mingled with crumbling pieces of human bones and occasional fragments of pottery. The smaller bones, such as the carpala and metacarpala. were frequently perfect, but the larger ones were generally broken. The teeth, as tn the case of those illustrated, are quite unharmed by age, as are also the patellae, the little triangular bones of the kneecaps, which Professor Zammit’s assistants carefully preserve and count as the readiest means of gauging the number of bodies Interred. The fragments of pottery were being examined by a representative of tiie British School at Athens. ‘ Among the small examples of plastic art which have been found in the Hypogaeum are a reclining figure in terracotta, and some mutilated smaller figures, closely resembling the larger statuettes of Maltese limestone discovered at the base of an altar in the central part of Hagiar-Kim. There were seven of these statuettes found close together, one a standing figure larger than the rest, with curious stripes and bands about the middle of the body, two in long garments, and four seated figures, apparently nude. All the figures are headless, though In two cases, instead of a broken surface at the neck, there are a worked depression and small holes, probably serving to fasten in a head. The workmanship is not very rude, although the extremities are generally formless stumps, with toes and digits only indicated in a few cases. These hands and feet are always curiously small and attenuated, and contrast strikingly In this respect with the extreme fatness of the limbs and of the other parts of the body. Much work has been done to make a practical approach to the Hypogaeum; and to carry further excavations towards the entrance, two of the houses built on the ground above were bought by the British government In one of the chambers there remain

NEED CENSOR OF FASHIONS

Writer Declare* All New Models Should Be Examined Before They Ara Given to Public. "Fashions are for fools,” said an eighteenth century writer, and. had he lived In the twentieth century he would have more reason than ever for his assertion. If the bulk of people were more original and independent fashion would have little influence. It It the sbeep-llke quality in human nature, the unthinking blind subservience to the “correct thing,” that causes so many women to become servile slaves to fashion, even to the extent of making caricatures of themselves at the behest of the most tyrannical of goddesses. Never before surely were fashions so inartistic as they are at present A state censor of dress is much needed; some one of unimpeachable taste, to whom every new fashion would be submitted before it was launched on the public. Such a state offlclal Is much more needed than a censor of plays.

GLASS SHEATHING FOR SHIPS

Patent Taken Out by Englishman Proves a Novel Form of After an ocean-going steamer has v nut for a few months its bottom becomes so befouled with the growth of barnacles that its speed is considerably reduced. In fact after only six months th* coal consumption will increase as much as W per cent in some case* on this account, and the

77/r STPA/VGE HYPOOAEUN AT PAULA AHuffrsw *•.

UNDERGROUND WORKINGS OR AN UNKNOWN CIVILIZATION

both upon walls and ceiling some pattern decoration, which I sketched. It Is painted in a dull ochreous red upon the bare surface. The chambers are neither very small nor very large, but the floors vary from about twelve to fifteen feet in diameter, and perhaps their most striking feature is that some of the walls are curved vertically as well as laterally. .

The hall or chamber is about thirty feet below the ground "level. In general shape it Is an Irregular apse with niches and other chambers opening from it It has a kind of double corona, corresponding In buildings to a projection of the upper parts of a cornice, which is especially curious, as is also the division of the floor (already in two levels connected by a step) by a deep vertical cutting several feet wide. There is a diversity in the doorways, or entrance openings, some of which are so cut as to present the appearance of a lintel upon square side columns, and some the appearance of supporting the superstructure without any lintel. It was here for four hours one night I sat alone in the silence working at my copperplate. ' The permanence of stone, and consequently the durability of at least the forms of all human Ideas expressed In that medium, appeals as something Invested with the spirit of that bordercountry which Iles between mortality and Infinite endurance. So gods in stone lend to its very substance some quality of the deities they represent; and homes or treasure-houses, tombs or temples, when cut or builded in massive, imperishable rock, challenge the wonderment and speculation of future ages with the mysterious triune power of curiosity, respect, and awe—to ravel out their purposes, and to discover. or at least imagine, the kind of men who hewed them with their hands. It was formerly agreed among archaelogists that all the most ancient antiquities of Malta, Including such sanctuaries as that of Hagiar-Kim, were of Phoenician origin; but that belief has been almost entirely aban-

Moreover, it would not be the first time that fashion had to bow to a higher decree than that qf milliners and modistes. In the middle of the fourteenth century at Bologna, Peseta and elsewhere, all dresses had to be submitted to the authorities and sealed with a leaden "bolla," and in Italy in 1240 the church prohibited the ladies of Lombardy from wearing long trains. Would that some such check could be put upon fashions nowadays! When we take our walks abroad we are compelled to submit to a succession of aesthetic shocks. Hats like huge inverted flower pots adorn every second head; but the agony of the artistic soul surely reaches its most acute stage when it encounters that monstrosity of modern times, the hobble skirt. Since its Introductjon all grace has disappeared from our midst. Some extreme styles are chic or elegant. The hobble skirt is neither the one nor the other. It is simply silly. It is good news, therefore, that this grotesque garment is doomed to extinction. Queen Mary of England has

vessel has to be sent into drydock and scraped and painted, at great expense. Numerous methods of overcoming this very serious drawback to ocean navigation have been proposed, but nothing has ever really solved the problem. Barnacle* will not attach themselves to glass, and so the experiment has been trial of covering the ship’s under-water parts with glass plates. Steel and glass, however, have a different ratio of expansion, and It took only a slight rise in temperature for the steel to expand un-

By A. HUGH FISHER

A SMALL RECLINING FIGURE IN TERRA-COTTA

doned, and in his exhaustive study of the prehistoric remains of Malta, which was, however, written before the discovery of the Hypogaeum at Paula, Professor Mayr shows that the construction of the Maltese sanctuaries Is entirely at variance with Phoenician peculiarities. That there are In Malta plenty of Phoenician tombs and other remains of Phoenician colonization Is obvious enough, but these less developed forms are unlike them, and, even had they been Identical with earlier stages of Phoenician art, would not rfave been introduced by colonists or traders at a later stage of development. In a recent article Mr. G. Hogarth has described the rise in pre-Homeric times of an Aegean civilization which culminated during the age of bronze In the apogee of Cnossus, and paved the way for the development of historic Greece. In Malta modern researches, collated with the results of archaeloglcal study In Sardinia, in-the Balearic Islands and In the southeast of Spain, suggest the growth of a civilization never attaining such advanced culture, but persisting through long ages with striking tenacity and individual character, and surviving as a lingering tradition to this our day. The discovery of the Hypogaeum at Paula, whatever may have been the exact use of its mysterious chambers with their strangely curved walls, adds another and most Important testimony to this theory of an early western Mediterranean civilization, which Professor Mayr traces from Malta, be yond the limits named above, to the northwestern coasts of France, England and Ireland, and as far north as the Orkney and Shetland Islands.

expressed her strong disapproval by forbidding it to be worn at court functions during the coronation season. For this command on the part of Her Majesty all beauty loving people will be profoundly grateful.

Will Investigate Peru.

Under the direction of Prof. Hiram Bingham, a party will leave Yale university on June 10 to carry on geographical, archaeological and historical exploration in Peru. A cross sec- . tlon of the Andes will be made through a country that has never been scientifically explored and only mapped in the rudest possible way. The party, which will probably consist of a physiographer and geologist, a skilled topographer, an assistant topographer, and possibly a surgeon and naturalist, besides the director, expects to spend five months tn th* field.

Rushing Railroad In China.

Fifty thousand coolie* are at wort in China on the Ssechwan-Hupeh rail way line.

til it broke the glass. An ICnglishmav has Just taken out a patent on a pro cess which is designed to conquer this difficulty. Instead of placing the glass next to the steel plates of the vessel he first puts on a thin layer ol wood pulp and then cements the glass to that. The wood pulp acts as s cushion and keeps the glass from breaking by expansion or contraction.

Advancement In Slam. A school of music has been opens* to Bangkok, Siam.

GERMAN LENTIL SOUP

IT 18 ECONOMICAL AND WILL BE FOUND VERY TASTY. Recipes for Parsley, Potatoes and Stuffed Peppers—How to Make Rice Pudding and Strawberry Sauce for the Same. Lentil Soup*—One-half pound (Sdrman lentils; wash; cover with boiling water ten minutes; drain. Put on with three pieces bacon, cut small and fried with one large onion, sliced. Simmer four hours. As water boils away, if cooking peeled potatoes or rice, add water in which these were boiled. Season to taste and thicken with two tablespoons of browned flour; add a small piece of butter. Parsley Potatoes. —801 l peeled sliced potatoes; add chopped parsley and a little butter. , Stuffed Peppers (for eight).—Three slices stale bread soaked in cold water and drained. One-half liver sausage, little pqreley, small onion; salt and pepper to taste; one well-beaten egg to bind. When eggs are cheap add one or two, hard boiled. Economical Rice Pudding.—Wash one cup rice. Cook in plenty salted boiling water; drain; add small piece of butter. Put aside. Sauce.—One-half drawer strawberries. Simmer 20 minutes; strain juice (If quantity scant add little water and juice of one lemon); add one-half cup sugar; bring to boil. Stir one teaspoon cornstarch In a little cold water; add to boiling juice and simmer five minutes. Serve cold.

French Eggs.

801 l six eggs hard, strip off the shells, cut in quarters and arrange on a dish. Make a sauce after this recipe: Take a half of a quarter pound of fresh butter and a tablespoonful of flour, stir over the fire until It thickens; pour in slowly a pint of milk, which should be boiling, add the seasoning, boil five minutes, add the rest of the butter and a tablespoonful of minced parsley. Squeeze the juice of half a lemon over the eggs and pour the sauce over them; serve garnished with the parsley. Butter a dish thickly with good butter, let It heat until the butter melts, break four eggs into it and sprinkle with white pepper and salt, laying thin slices of butter on top of each egg; put the dish in the oven and let remain until the whites are set, but not hard, and serve quickly; garnish with parsley.

Baked Indian Pudding.

This old-fashioned recipe requires two quarts of milk, five tablespoonfuls of Indian meal, three-quarters Of a cupful of molasses,’ a pinch of salt, a tablespoonful of butter and a little ground ginger. Scald one quart of milk, add the molasses, butter, salt and ginger; moisten the corn meal with a little cold milk, add to the ingredients in the saucepan and scald well. Turn into a well-buttered pudding dish and place in a very moderate oven. Add the remainder of the cold milk, a little at a time, during the baking, stirring the mixture. Bake from four to five hours and serve with hard sauce or sweet (team with a little maple sugar added.

Washing Fluid.

Sal soda (washing soda) one pound, stone lime, one-half pound—lime must not be crumbly—water five quarts; boll a short time, stirring occasionally. Then let it settle; pour off clear fluid in stone jug and cork for use. Have your boiler full of water, odd one-half bar laundry soap, and when near scalding add one teacupful of fluid. 'Wring clothes through water put in boiler and boil 30 minutes, then put clothes in tub,' rub lightly through suds if you wish, although it is unnecessary. This fluid will not darken clothes, as the lime-bleaches, you may first rub through remaining suds, then colored clothes—it brightens colors. It saves time, labor, clothes and soap.

Tomato Jelly Salad.

Soak half box gelatine in cold water, place one quart can tomatoes in saucepan, add one dry pepper (whole), one onion sliced, tablespoonful chopped parsley, tablespoonful chopped celery; salt to taste. Cook until onion is tender; push through strainer; bring to a boll and turn over gelatine; beat well; turn into small molds and cool. Serve on lettuce leaves and mayonnaise. t Make sandwiches of rye bread and Swiss cheese; put in oven and toast; serve immediately.

Creole Baked Fish.

Cod or any flrm-fleshed fish will answer. A middle or tail piece is best. After scraping and washing arrange on a flat pan, pour over and round it a cupful of thin tomato sauce which has been well seasoned with onions and green peppers. Bake until the flesh draws away from the bones, basting every ten minutes with more of the sauce, which is kept hot at the side of the fire. Serve with the re* mainder of the sauce.

Housekeeping.

It is no longer fashionable not to know on which side the bread is buttered or how to cook a potato. The intelligent woman of today is scientifically domesticated. She can meet her own cook without flinching, and can, moreover, give that autocrat "points” on culinary matters

The American Home

WLLIAM A. RADFORD

Editor*

Mr. William A. Radford will answer CfLdStions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building, for the readers of this -paper. On account of his wide experience as Editor, Author and Manufacturer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all inquiries to William A. Radford, No. 178 West Jackson boulevard, Chicago, Hl., and only enclose two-cent stamp for reply.

We will all agree that the bungalow marks a great improvement in summer resort architecture. As a summer cottage, whether located in the mountains, on the edge of a forest or by a lake or river, the graceful, informal lines of the bungalow seem to adapt themselves ideally to their environment When contrasted with the old-time, box-like, jig-saw ornamented affairs that were known as summer cottages, the improvement is very apparent Commenting on this matter, the well known architect, Wilson Eyre, brings out some valuable points in a recent number of “Country Life in America.” His contention is that the bungalow fad is carrying us to architectural extremes that are not good fot* domestic architecture in general.

As a style for general suburban use the bungalow appears to be misused and is generally objectionable when so used. As already mentioned, It has its place and purpose; first as a weekend or summer retreat it forms an ideal contrast to our more pretentious, over-luxurious dwellings; second, it Is a harmonious building for an Informal location; third, when an inexpensive structure is desired the bungalow offers the maximum coihfort and beauty for the minimum cost Because the bungalow is so widely misused and misunderstood, it may be well to try to answer the question, What is a bungalow? and to analyze

its real purpose in the general scheme of American home building. The term bungalow is one which is variously applied to rustic camps, to one-story seaside cottages, low, broad, extended lines with a low pitch to the roof. It is not, however, properly used when applied, as is so often done, to houses having living rooms in the second story. This authority does not believe in general in the one-story house for an all-year dwelling, It is a fad which, like mission furniture, is being much overdone. It is supposed to .be the up-to-date fashion in many localities; but as with many so-called fashions, there is little reasonable excuse for its prevalence. Like many fads it is bound to run its course, and there is nothing so dismally out'of place as a fad that has ceased to be. There is another fact regarding the bungalow which has become current end that is that a one-story house is

Floor Plan.

cheaper to build, and in other ways more economical than a two-story house. The increased expanse of floors and roof counterbalance, how ever, the low expanse of the walls. Plumbing and lighting are but little cheaper. If any, and because the structure is spread out It Is not as easy to heat as its advocates would have us believe. Moreover, the bungalow takes up more ground than a two-

story house' of the same number of rooms, which is a matter for consideration while land is costly and building lots small. In India the bungalow proved to be the best solution of the heat problem; not because a low, broad roof produces a cool house by any means, but because the wide overhang of the eaves broke the glare of the intense sunshine. Bungalow rooms are not likely to be as cool as the first floor rooms of a well-ventilated two-story house. • Doubtless there is a reason for the popularity of the bungalow style in southern California and Florida. It is always summer there. Yet this authority believes that the residents of Pasadena and Los Angeles are not quite on the tight track when they build whole streets of low, broad, heavy-eaved affairs that are just now “in fashion.” However, he has a good word to say for the bungalow when it is in its right place. To his mind the bungalow should be not only a one-storf house, but a very simple, informal one-story house. It is 1 a style for the woods and the seaside, for the place where rest and not luxury are sought It should be free from architectural embellishments, simply furnished, adapted to hot weather. For these purposes the bungalow is a vast improvement over the average log camp or the usual jigsaw cottage of the seaside resort It is graceful in line and suggests comfort.' Because' it is intended to be informal, it does not demand expensive construction or finish. If one has only a small amount of money to spend, One can undoubtedly secure greater grace and beauty of outline by placing all the rooms on one floor, than by piling them up on

top of each other. A five-room twostory house built for $1,500 or $2,000 must necessarily be a plain, uncompromising. cubical box. If these same five rooms were to be grouped on - one floor the unpleasant square proportions are avoided, the angle of the roof becomes more pleasing and the whole effect more graceful, with no additional cost. A very good illustration of what is meant by this is shown in the accompanying perspective and plan. This is a five-room cottage, 30 feet six inches long. It has been successfully built for $2,000. It is appropriate not only for summer cottage use, but, also for rural or suburban site where a small, homelike dwelling Is desired for use the year round. It has just a suggestion of the bungalow style, just enough to give it attractiveness without making it look out of place.

When Rabelais Died.

From the stories told of Rabelais* he fiaust have been In life the same strange, wise, and mirthful Imp, which he appears In his writings. He seems even to have looked death in the face with a grin of his own. As his friends were weeping round bls’"bed, he exclaimed, “Ain If I were to die ten times over, I should never make you cry half so much as I have made you laugh.” As be was dying, a page entered from the Cardinal Du Bellay, to inquire after his health. The old humorist muttered in reply: “Tell my lord in what circumstance you found me; I am just going to leap Into the dark. He is up In a cock loft; bid him stay where he is. As for thee, thoullt always be a fool. Let down the curtain; the farce Is done.” Immediately after his death, his relations seised upon a sealed paper, purporting to be his last will and testament, which on being opened, was found to contain three pithy articles, “I owe much; I have nothing; I leave the rest to the poof.”—Whipple: The Ludicrous Side of Life, In "Literature and Life.”

A Military Maid.

Mistress—Marla, whatever has possessed you to cut your hair short like that? Maria (a good-looking housemaid)— Yeu see, ma'am, the regiment hag been ordered to leave the town and so l have had to part with a lock of my hair to a few of my acquaintances. —London Tlt-Bita.