Evening Republican, Volume 15, Number 25, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 30 January 1911 — Page 3

Uncle Sam's New Scheme for Handling Foreign Affairs

. -v QR the purpose of sim- ■ f ( \ Plifying and irnproviZAM ing Uncle Sam’s conduct of his foreign ass fp fairs and especially : I for the purpose of I extending American Jl / trade abroad, there J has recently been set \^y/ hi motion an import- \/ ant new section of

government machinery. This amounts to little less than a complete reorganization of the Department of State which has to do with the whole range of American interests abroad. The new scheme for looking after Yankee interests beyond the seas waß first hatched in the fertile brain of Elihu Boot when the senator from New York State was at the head of the State Department. However, he did not have'an opportunity to carry out the project before he retired from the office and so he turned the suggestion over to his successor, Secretary Knox, who has worked out'the idea and put 'll in practice. Congress appropriated Ihe sum of SIOO,OOO for reorganizing

the Btate Department along the lines projected. Easily the most important outcome of this reorganization, which,has but become an accomplished fact, is the creation of four new offices or bureaus known respectively as the Division of Datin-American Affairs, -the Division of Far Eastern Affairs, the Division of Near Eastern Affairs and the Division of Western European Affairs. As the reader may surmise from the titles of these new branches of the government, each will have Jurisdiction over one important section of the globe and the purpose of this new order of things is to enable •our government officials to specialize Just as men specialize in any other walk in life. Every effort has been' made to enlist the services in these four bureaus of men who have wide knowledge of conditions in, the quarters of the globe with whose affairs they are to ■deal. For instance, Mr. Thomas C. Dawson, who Launched the Division of Xatin-American Affairs, has spent most of his life in Central and South America. He was for seven years connected with the U. S. legation in Brazil and married a prominent Brazilian woman. Then he saw service ■®* U. S. Minister to San Domingo, u. S. Minister to Colombia, and U. Si Minister to Chile. He speaks Spanish, Portugese, French and Italian as fluently as he does English. The

LIFE IN SAVAGE BORNEO

'Observations of Cambridge Anthropological Expedition in Madang Country. HR. CHARLES . Hose, accompanied by Drs. MoDougall and Myers, members of the Cambridge anthropological expedition, set out for the Madang country, a hitherto unexplored district lying between the headwaters of the Batang-Yayan, Rejang and Baram rivers, and Inhabited by the Madangs, a warlike tribe of Ken yahs who by constant raids had be■come the terror of all the surrounding •country. "After a journey through the most picturesque country we arrived at the principal Madang village,” writes Dr. Hose in Travel and Exploration. "This village, which contained about 1,000 people, consisted of nine long houses, forming a circle the center of which had been cleared of shrubs and trees. For a considerable radius outside this ring the Jungle had been felled and the land was farmed on that side which was more or less ibounded by the river. The settlement, tt was evident, had been laid out on a plan best calculated to resist attack. The Madangs came down in great numbers to have a look at us and the -chief. Tama Usun Tael, invited me to take up my residence in his bouse. "My Kenyah friends hsd not *rTived Tot. but I thought It best to go with him at ones and afterward oanjgratulated myself when I found that, -according to custom, Tuna Bulan and

first assistant chief of this bureau, William T. S. Doyle, has likewise had wide experience in Pan-American countries and accompanied the then secretary of state, Elihu Root, on the famous trip around South America which be made a few years ago. The Diviston of Far Eastern Affairs Has enlisted the services of such experts as Hansford S. Miller, who was for a. long time secretary and interpreter of the American Embassy in Japan, and Edward T. Williams, who held consular positions in Shanghai, Peking, Tientsin and elsewhere in China. This division concerns itself with trade extension and American interests in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, Straits Settlements, Borneo, India and the East Indies. The Division of Near Eastern Affairs concerns itself with American interests in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Roumania, Bervia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Persia and Egypt Evan E. Young, who has the credit of setting this

his followers (being unable *to enter the house until all cases of blood money between hiß people and the Madangs had been settled) were obliged to camp near the river for one night. The Madangs assisted in making huts for my followers, gave them several pigs and sent down their women laden with baskets , full of rice, so no want of hospitality could be said to mar our reception. In the evening I took a walk around the village, followed by a crowd of women and children, who appeared greatly pleased to 'find that the white man was able to converse with them. "Just across the river from where we were sitting was the grave yard, and there I witnessed a funeral procession as the day was drawing to a close. The coffin, which was a wooden box made from a tree trunk, was decorated with red and black patterns, in circles, with two small wooden figures of men placed at either end; if was lashed with rattans to a long pole and by this means was lifted to the shoulders of the bearers (numbering thirteen In all), who then carried It to the burying ground. “After the mourners had all passed over to the grave yard, a man quickly cut a couple of small sticks, each about five feet long, and about an inch in diameter. One of these he split almost the whole way down and forced the unsplit end into the ground, when the upper pert opened like a V, leaving sufficient room for eaeh person to pass through. He next epilt the top of‘the other stick, end placing another short stick in the deft made n cross which he also forced Into the ground.

branch of the government on its feet, has, like his co-workers in the otbei new bureaus, been fitted for his present duties by practical experience In his special field. He was for years consul at such points as Harput, Turkey; Salonika, etc. 1 It might be supposed that the new Division of Western European Affairs could do much to stimulate American trade in Europe, our commercial Interests on the Continent having long been well looked after by the most capable men in our whole consular service, but when it is explained that this Western European Division will, for instance, concern itself not merely with Great Britain, France, etc., but with their colonies and with such rich territory as Morocco, the Congo, etc., it can be surmised that there are great opportunities even In this sphere. This division is under the personal supervision of the Third Assistant Secretary of State, a post now held by Mr. Hale, son of the veteran U. 8. senator from Maine. Supplementing the work of these new geographical divisions in the reorganized State Department, are the activities of what Is known as the Bureau of Trade Relations, the head of which is Mr. John Ball Osborne. This Bureau is to act as a sort of clearing house for the vast fund of information which is continually being sent home by Uncle Sam’s consular officers In all parts of the world. Not only will the bureau publish and distribute the reports made by the consuls everywhere, but any American citizen who desires information from any nook or corner of the world can write to the bureau and it will transmit his questions to the U. 8. Consul at the point in question. That this service is made use of extensively is attested by the fact that this bureau Is receiving such letters of inquiry to the tune of nearly 10,006 a year.

"The funeral procession climbed the mound on which the cemetery was situated, passing through the V of the cleft stick in a single file. As soon as the coffin had been placed on the stage erected for the purpose the people commenced their return, following one another’s heels as quickly as possible, each spitting out the words, ‘Bit ball krpt fall Jat tesip bertatlp’ (‘Keep back, close out all things evil and sickness!’) as they passed through the V shaped stick. “The whole party having left the grave yard, the gate was closed by the simple process of tying the cleft ends of the stick together, and a few words were then said to the cross stick which they call 'ngrlng' or the wall that separates the living from the dead. "The Madangs are a very light skinned people, with bright dark eyes and perfectly straight, long black hair. "Their only garments consist of costs And waistcoats made from the bark of a tree known as kumut, which Is beaten out to a thin cloth with a wooden mallet. ‘The Madangs are a very musical race and possess many musical instruments. Among these are a sort of reed organ, a banjo, gongs and drums, a bamboo harp and a nose flute. The nose flute is an instrument made of bamboo on which the person plays not in the usual way with the lips but with his nose. I remember seeing on one occasion a man playing on his peculiar instrument surrounded by an audience of about forty persons. He assured me that sometimes he was able to move his audience to tears." ' 'T ' 4 ’ %

AN OLD COLONIAL CAKE

ftoolp* for Yaliow Loaf fialdto Hava v' i Coma From Family of ! Washington, .s; An old colonial recipe for yellow loaf cake, said to come originally from the family of George Washington, calls for one cupful Of butter, two and a half cupfuls of granulated sugar, six eggs, a cupful of cream or rich milk, one even teaspoonful of Boda, two of cream of tartar, four cupfuls of pastry flour and one cupful of seeded raisins. Cream the butter and sugar, then , stir in the yolks of tie eggs; Add the cream of tartar to the flour and sift them together several times. Add the soda to the milk and stir the mixture into the butter, sugar and yolks. Then beat the whole into the flour and cream of tartar. When smooth add the raisins and finally fold the whites of the eggs, whipped to a very stiff froth, through the batter. Do not stir the cake after the whites are added. Butter a large tube pan and fill it half full. After it has baked and become cold, ice it with a heavy snow white icing that will contrast prettily with the yellow of the cake. Citron sliced In thin strips may be used instead of raisins or in combinations with them.. This confection may be used as a birthday cake and is very attractive for the purpose.

TURPENTINE MOST USEFUL

All Sorts of Ways In Which It Can Be Used About the House. Turpentine can be used in all sorts of ways. Here are some: Spirits of turpentine will restore the brilliancy to patent leather. Bags and bootd rubbed with a rag moistened with it look almost like hew. A few drops in boxes and cupboards will Jieep moths away. . If a few drops aro added to starch, it will prevent the iron from sticking. A flannel dipped in hot water sprinkled with turpentine and laid on the part affected will often relieve lumbago and rheumaism. Turpentine mixed with beeswax makes a good flpor polish. . A little added to the steeping water <a tablespoonful to a gallon) makes clothes beautifully white.

HANDY KITCHEN CABINET

A Straining Bag. A flannel straining bag is a necessity In any kitchen where jellies are prepared. Instead of investing in an expensive strainer, an excellent substitute may be made of ordinary flannel, which should first of all be hemmed neatly and then soaked and wrung out in boiling water. When it is used, it should be laid inside a large bowl and the fruit or liquid jelly poured into it. The four ends of the flannel should then be tied together and a stick passed through the knots. The bag can then be suspended over a bowl by means of a couple of chains and left to drain slowly until all the liquid has passed through. A blanket should be thrown over the top in cold weather, so as to prevent the Jelly from setting too soon.

Cream Carrot Soup.

Wash, scrape and cut In slices enough carrots to fill a pint bowl. Boil these In a quart of water, slightly salted, till soft enough to rub through a sieve with the potato masher. Mix together in a thick saucepan two tablespoons of flour and one tablespoon of butter, stirring with a wooden spoon till they begin to bubble. Gradually stir into this a pint of milk and the carrot pulp. Add hot water to make one quart of soup. Put the yolk of one egg and a tablespoon of chdppeff parsley together in the tureen. turn in the hot soup, stir gently, and serve at once.

Orange Marmalade.

One each orange, lemon and grape fruit, Shjjve very thin, rejecting seeds and cores. Use all peel and pulp. Measure, add three times the amount of water and let stand in an earthen dish over night. Next morning boil ten minutes, let stand another night, in morning add an equal amount sugar and boil until It Jellies. The Jelly should be amber colored and strips well defined. This makes twelve glasses.

Cream Sponge.

Dissolve teaspoons of granulated gelatine into 2 tablespoons of cold water. Beat 1 pint of cream until stiff, fold in % cup powdered sugar. Add the gelatine and beat a few minutes until well mixed. Flavor with a teaspoon of vanilla. Turn Into a mold and lat It get very cold.

Baked Apples With Nuts.

Core the applet and fill the cavities with one-fourth'cup walnut meats cut in small pieces, with a little sugar, and bake in the oven.

A GARDEN IN A COAL MINE

SUMMER ATMOSPHERE WITHOUT THE SUN

WHOEVER heard of a luxuriant garden flourishing in the bowels of the earth — a subterranean paradise, where beautiful, sweeticented flowers bloom and tasty vegetables for the dinner table mature while icy winds and Jack frost reign with despotic power on the surface above? Whoever imagined that the soil of a dark, damp coal mine—after its black treasures of carbon had been exhausted to keep factory wheels in motion and houses warm —could.be utilized for flower raising and truck gardening? It has remained for an enterprising Indlanian —a Hoosler —to at least experiment, with a measure of success, along floricultural and horticultural lines in the bowels of the earth, at a depth where sunshine and rain never penetrate. Frank B. Posey of Posey--ville, Posey county, Indiana, is the man who rivals Burbank the wizard, and who has triumphantly realized a life-long dream. These namhs of city and county in the extreme southwestern corner of the rich and fertile Hoosier state, along the noftE bank of the Ohio river, stand as the immortal tributes paid to the Posey family by the hardy pioneers who braved the scalping “redskins” to cultivate the Indiana wilderness more than a century ago. Mr. Posey is a worthy descendant of thft sire of mysterious lineage for whom Posey county and Poseyville were named. He has won renown on his own account and accumulated ten talents by Judicious use of the one his progenitors bequeathed him —foresight. The location of the Posey innovation in floriculture and gardening is between Poseyville and Boonville. It is an abandoned coal mine that had been given up as serviceable only for the habitation of green lizards and other slimy denizens of dark, damp recesses. During the winter of 19091910 the Posey plants thrived in the old colliery. Did Mr. Posey desire a tulip or a carnation with which to add a touch of nature to the decorations of his drawing-room, he merely went to the lift of his mine, decended and picked the blossom. If his appetite needed a stimulant he brought up a radish, a green onion or a dainty bunch of lettuce, endive or celery, crips. Juicy and sweeter than any ever grown in a hothouse. Does this seem like an improbability? Origin of the Mine Garden. And how did the mine garden come about? It is an interesting little story. Several years ago Posey, having arrived at the conclusion that "Asia is for the Asiatics and China for the Chinese,” began to wonder it Indiana should not be to the Hoosters. It took him only a short time to decide that question for himself. Then Posey got busy and soon was hard at work with some laborers. He cleared away the ruins on the surface, erected a frame building over the shaft and Installed heating apparatus. He put in simple ventilating machinery, constructed a small elevator and descended to complete his exploration of the mine and begin the laying out of his “garden.” Far below the surface lay the base of the shaft, enlarged to the size of perhaps a fourth of a city double lot. Giant oak and maple timbers, rough hewn, stood upright, formed a solid wall gfclrood around this big room, except where the tunnels, whence the coal had been extracted, branched off in several directions. The natural rock of the "room” was supported with huge wooden beams to prevent tbe fall of slate. Away from the shaft ran tbe caverns, dark as pitch, for miles, perhaps. Cross sections, dug with mathematical precision, led into rooms 26x100 feet In dimensions,

where thousands of tons of coal had been mined. "Fine!” cried the subterranean gardener when he observed how the miners had left tbe “rooms” Intact with supporting columns and walls reenforced by heavy timbers. If he had dug into the burled treasure house of a grandee of Pompeii or Herculaneum he could not have been more delightel.. In those "rooms" stretching side by side, he knew not how far, he believed he could ultimately cultivate enough flowers jmd vegetables to make It—so far as concerned vegetation —eternal spring and summer in the homes in the big western and northern cities. But he planned only to experiment on a small scale at first. He would attempt to raise Just a few things for his own use. Posey selected one of the smaller chambers sad transformed it Into flower and vegetable beds, laboring In the atmosphere of summer, but without having a blistering sun beating down on bis hack. Over his head was an eternal cloud —- thousands of tons of earth and rock. All that Posey needed was artificial light, water and something to stir tbe air. It was easy enough to get the water through a hose and make it fall like rain on the planted beds. It was also easy to keep the air in any kind at circulation he desired. An electric fan, capable ol whirling in 1,000 or 3,000 revolutions a minute, solved that problem. How to provide a substitute for the sun was not so easy a task. But the experimenter got the substitute. Acetylene gas provided tbe beneficent rays that made the seeds swell up till they burst and the sprouts shoot out. The underground farmer put in a small acetylene gas plant in the "room” and an ranged it in each a way that the beams of light would fall evenly on every poruon of the garden. Fbr his experiment in growing he selected such varieties of flowers and vegetables as he knew grew best by artlfl-ciallight-some of these having already been named. He planted bis crop and adjusted the gas plant so as to produce “days” in tbe mine of a length equal to tbe natural days above ground In toe sprouting reason of spring, although it was in reality winter on the surface. Not to his surprise, but to his infinite delight, Posey soon saw little green shoots thrusting their tiny way up through the soil of his underfertile. Besides that, the plants drank in every bit of the fertility of tbs spil, for there were no foul weeds in that garden. Cultivation tie plants needed, and they got it. Rain they needed, and they got that, too, through a sprinkling device. Acetylene gas gave the nearest artificial approach to sunlight that Is known to modern science. It seemed to fulfill all the requirements of the growing plants. In fact, it almost outdid the.sun In developing the plants to maturity. A Orest Success. Within little mors than half the time usually needed. Posey’s tulips and other flowers were blooming, fill vegetable crop grew with like rapidity, and before his friends discovered that be was a midwinter farmer ho was giving a few preferred ones sotn% of the choicest, most toothsome vegetables they had ever tasted, all from the subterranean garden. His own table was often supplied, not only with the edibles, but with beautiful and fragrant decorative blossoms as well. Posey, to quite a satisfactory do gree. proved his theory and maflis# his dream. Meanwhile be planned te extend his subterranean flower and vegetable growing to undertake map kettng In the fatwm, /, “There's no limit to the posaibll Itiee and the profit." he told Ms tib tlmate friends.