Evening Republican, Volume 14, Number 221, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 16 September 1910 — Page 3

BERRY CROP IS SHORT

Cultivated Product and Bad Seasons Reduce Supply Demand Also Increases Faster Than Bupp|y—This Answer Applies Particularly to Strawberries —Culture Found Profitable. Bangor, Me.—Years ago during the summer season everybody in Bangor and eastern Maine had plenty ol raspberries and blueberries at low prices. Now the berries are scarce and costly, and people are wondering why. There are undoubtedly many explanations and probably all of them would be true enough, but the teal cause of It all Is that the demand for berries has Increased much faster than the supply. This answer applies in a general way to all berries but is particularly true of strawberries. > The strawberry season is a long one, beginning early in the spring and lasting until nearly the first of August. This was not always the case, however, and the great length of season has been brought about by careful cultivation which has been made profitable by the ever-increasing demand for the product- v tJntii recent years the wild or field strawberries were the only ones to be found In the market in large quantities, and eyen then the demand was not so large as to make it profitable pick and prepare then} for the market, and those who did tht work ■were poorly paid for their labor. But the women who live its the berry district are workers and they were glad enough to do the work though the wage was small. The Introduction of the large cultivated berries from parts tempted the men 6f the families to try cultivated strawberries and to share with the women the labor and the profit. It was found to be profitable culture, both the demand and the supply Increased and each year the selling price was better than that of the year before, showing that the demand was Increasing faster than the supply. Thus It has been up to the present time bo far as strawberries are concerned, but with raspberries, blueberries and blackberries conditions have been different Blueberries have been cultivated without trouble —In fact the only trouble comes from the rapid spread of the bushes after they have once been planted, and those who have taken any pains with blackberry cultivation realize that they are even more profitable to raise than strawberries and Just as easy to market With raspberries and blueberries the natural supply of wild berries haa been depended ppon, and this changes from year to year, the demand being entirely dependent upon the supply and the price being made by the pickers. Raspberries have to be picked one at a time, and it is a smart picker who can pick twenty quarts per day, If the supply be large and the berries plentiful, and these, at an average price of from 12 to 15 cents, would give the picker from two to three dollars per day. But the supply of rasp-

AMERICAN “DREAM SHIP” WINS PRAISE IN ENGLAND

Bchooner yacht Wertward. after many victories In continental water., came to CcweßthehomeofyachUng, and completely captivated the British. One writer calls her the “American dream-ship, saying. When her canvas was spread to the wind she was a thin*? nt ... t —a dream-ship as perfect to the beauty of line and fom m, to anJtoer wa£ Tto? think the Westward should have been called the White Knight, tor to kSrwSant Across the cam®, not In fair weather, but with In n£ K SS« The Westward to owned by Mr. Cochran of New York. * aie ' '' """-'■"T —i ' r3RT ! r ■

berries does not increase. It seems to decrease. Sheep are kept In the pastures where the berries used to grow, and that spoils the “patch.” Then there are a few Area, and locally the supply has fallen off rapidly in the last few years. In the large raspberry fields the supply is large enough, but few people care to travel any great distance to obtain raspberries as they do blueberries, because of the work of picking them, difficulty of transporting because of the perishable nature of the berries, and the fact of the season coming so close to that of the blueberries.

HOBBLE SKIRT IS AMERICAN

Reputable Makers of Paris Modes Shift Responsibility for Ridiculous Fashion. ’ Parts. —Apropos to an accident which happened to a fashionable Parisienne the hobble skirt has come In for a lot of Indignant denunciation, all the more Interesting in that an American is credited with the inventon of that garment aiiid blamed for its introduction to Paris. This is, probably, the first time the old order of derivation has been reversed In

Cost of Learning to Fly

Beginner May Achieve His Ambition for SI,OOO to ss,ooo—Biplane la Easiest. London.—Nowadays any ordinarily active man, on deciding to learn to fly, may achieve his ambition in less than a month’s time, provided £e is prepared to spend some money. If he is content to acquire the art of airmanship without actually owning an aeroplane of his own. It will cost him SI,OOO or slightly more. Should he buy. a machine his expenditure may be $2,500 to $6,000, according to the make and reputation of his aircraft But the pronouncement of experts should be cited as regards the use of monoplanes and biplanes from the novice’s point of view. They say, and experience certainly bean them out, that the beginner learns to fly more easily and more safely upon a biplane than upon a monoplane. The reason is that when a biplane begins to lose its balance in the air It heels over far more slowly than a monoplane, thereby giving the pilot more time to alter his levers and bring it again upon a level keel. The damage that can be done by a bad descent was Indicated rather quaintly by one airman of experience, who contends that “you can smash up a machine apparently quite badly, and yet the repair will not be more than S6OO. An awkward landing, causing the breaking of a skid or several wooden Btays, will not cost more than $lO or $15." To a beginner who is not well acquainted with aeroplane motors the services of a special mechanic will

regard to so Important an article of feminine attire. The accident In question occurred when a young woman was alighting from a taxi-auto. She fell and broke a leg, and received distressing bruises on her head and face. A leading man dressmaker of Parts, on being interviewed on |he hobble skirt as a dangerous evil, declares it was brought here by certain fair Americans, and that reputable makers of Paris modes have always opposed it. It is only worn, said be, by women who specially desire to make themselves remarked on the public streets. The hobble skirt has never been acclimated here in the upper social classes., Another grand couturier said the hobble skirt is now seen only In ready-made fashion «, and never was adopted by the really elegant This grotesque mode Is soon to disappear, as In winter it becomes absurdly impossible for women to manage gowns built in manner.

Farmer Finds $350 Pearl.

Ridgeley, Tenn.—John Chambliss, a fanner at Sandy Fqrd, took a day off and went mussel fishing. a pearl weighing 22 grains which he has sold for $350. It Is the third large one found near here since April.

Britain's Rarest Stamp.

London.—An unused copy of the Great Britain £25 stamp, orange on blue paper, Queen Victoria issue, brought $315 at a sale. This Is Britain's rarest stamp.

he essential. The salary of a reliable man—one who thoroughly understands the delicate “tuning up* process necessary every now and then with aeroplanes—ranges from sls to $25 a week. Two or three odd men are generally necessary at the commencement of each flight to assist in maneuvering the aeroplane.

CURE FOR DEADLY DISEASE

Discovery at Rockefeller Institute is Declared Beneficial In In* fantite Paralysis. Philadelphia.—A discovery thaf. may lead to a cure for infantile paralysis, a deadly disease of childhood believed to be epidemic at present, Is announced by Drs. Simon Flexner annd Paul A- Lewis of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York city. The announcement appears in the Journal of the American Medical association. As a result of experiments an monkeys Inoculated with the virus thn» causes infantile paralysis, a serum has been found that in some cases prevents the disease from developing and in others cures it soon after it appears. • , The investigators also have found it is possible to vaccinate monkeys with an “immune" serum which will prevent them contracting the disease. Infantile paralysis attacks all classes of children. If a victim does recover it almost Invariably is deformed for life.

TURTLE VERY HARD TO KILL

One Found Alive Embedded. In Clay, but glacial Period Theory Was ■ " Disputed. The weekly meeting of the Faunal Naturalists’ club of West N. *., was enlivened by a debate on the subject, “Resolved, That the turtle M a hlnsect” The negative got the decision, holding that it is a parable. The members of the club work on the Ashokan dam. They were ten feet down in a seam of clay when one of them came upon a rock. With difficulty he persuaded the other men to quit work long enough to look at it After they had viewed It they called the engineers. These men made the laborers dig further; then It was seen that one side of the rock was marked like a turtle shell. When the caked clay had been removed from the other side of the rock the engineers were satisfied that they had found a petrified turtle. They put It Into a pall of hot water. By and by one man said sadly that he guessed “petrified” should begin with “p-u” Instead of “p-e.” The author of this suggestion upset the pail with his foot, and soon the turtle himself settled the question. A seamed and wrinkled head, in which a pair of white eyes blinked, was shoved out from the shell, and then a foot appeared. Tlhe other feet came Into view within a few moments, and the turtle crawled painfully away. The F. N, club eagerly seized upon the discovery as a topic for its next meeting. The members were tired of hearing essays on the hydra-headed monster, which had figured so much in the affairs of the Ashokan dam, and the presiding officer Bad trouble In keeping the debates in order when the new subject was declared open. One engineer told the club that ths turtle had probably become Imbedded In the clay In the glacial period and had been caught in a nap In the winter of. Bay, 34,672 B. C. The argument that won the debate for the negative, however, was that the turtle had been caught the winter before work was started on the Ashokan project. Every requirement of antiquity being met by this theory, which had the added virtue of symbolizing the rate of progress oa the dam work, the judges found accordingly.

Cause of the Tides.

The tides are due wholly to the attractive force of the sun and moon. Every particle of matter composing the earth gravitates toward the moon inversely as the square of its distance. By the law of gravity the attractive force of the sun and moon decreases with the square of the distance. For that reason the nearer surface of the earth is attracted .with greater force and the further surface with lesser force than the center. The resultant effect is to cause a tendency to recede from the earth’s center in parts immediately under the sun or moon and also on the side most remote from them. The waters of the ocean are free to yield to this tendency and hence they tend to be heaped up into four tidal waves a day—two lunar and two solar. The lunar tides greatly predominate, the others being observable chiefly by their action in reinforcing or diminishing them. As the earth turns on Its axis these waves cause two principal alternations of high and low water every twentyfour hours in every part of the ocean, called flood tide and ebb tide. When the solar and lunar tides are in conjunction the maximum, or spring, tide takes place. When they are 90 degrees apart there oacurs the minimum tide.

Some Speed.

Mayor George W. Tiedman of Savannah, condemning a municipal bill that he deemed too hastily drafted, said to a reporter: "Why, they drafted this bill the way the old-time Georgia editor used to perform his wedding ceremonies. “The old-time editor of Georgiawas usually mayor as well. He was also justice of the peace, conveyancer and real estate agent, deacon of the church, leading l;.wyer and head of the building and Iban. - “As one of these editors was writing a two-column editorial on the tariff a Georgia couple came in to be married. The editor, without once looking up. without slacking the steady movement of his pen, said: “Time's money. Want her?* “‘Yes,’ said the youth. "‘Want him?’ the editor continued, nodding toward the girl. “ ‘Yes,’ she replied. “ ‘Man and wifo,’ pronounced the editor, his pen traveling smoothly and rapidly. ’One dollar. Bring a load of wood for it—one-third pine, balance oak.’ " (

Advising the Mothers.

Miss Winifred Gibbs gives lectures to poor women In New York under the auspices of the Society for Improving the Condition of the Poor she tells them how to buy at the markets what to buy. and gives them menus for the children. The lectures are all in the simplest language in order that the most uneducated woman may understand.

Asking Advice.

“Professor, as you know, I was the champion debater of 1910.” “Quite so, my boy." “As such a champion. Is there any ethical reason why I shouldn’t start a saloon’”

COSTA RICA VOLCANS SMILLY

THE earth’s crust underlying Costa Rica and the whole of Central America is one of mother earth’s great laboratories. The chemical work that is going c on uninterruptedly deep below her glorious mountains' is made evident to the inhabitants of the country by the numerous volcanoes and warm springs, as well as by the almost ceaseless upheaving of the soil, mostly in tremors imperceptable to the senses, but also occasionally in powerful and destructive commotions. The mountains of Costa Rica are divided into two main systems. The southeastern system, which has one peak of 12,467 feet elevation, is at present without volcanoes, although its skeleton is formed mainly by old eruptive rocks. The peaks of the northwestern system, of less development and elevation, are mostly active or semi-active craters, the base of which geologically of very recent origin. This chain begins with the conical peak of Turrialba, which rises in an uninterrupted slope from the plains of Santa Clara, about 1,000 feet , above sea-level, to the towering height of 10,965 feet. Its beautiful crater, forming a narrow, elongated basin, is constantly active, a strong current of sulphuric and aqueous vapors, mixed with sand, escaping noisly from a broad vent at its westermost extremity. The only known violent eruption of this volcano, however, took place in 1869, when it poured forth huge quantities of Btones and fine sand, the latter of which were carried by the trade-winds westward to Punta Arenas and further away over the Pacific ocean. / Within close proximity of Turrialba is Irazdu, about 360 feet higher, and far better known on account of the faculty with which it is reached on horseback from Cartago. This volcano shows three large extinct craters, and, far down on its northern slope, numerous solfataras and hot water springs. It enjoys the undeserved reputation of being the one point from which both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are visible at the same time —a peculiarity that in reality is shared by Turrialba and several other points of vantage along the ridge of the southeastern system. Its historical eruptions took place in 1723, 1726, 1821, 1822, 1844, and 1847, singularly enough in each instance, except the first (which began in February), during the month of May. The eruption of 1847 was simultaneous with heavy earthquakes, which were felt from Rivas in Nicaragua to the city of Panama. The World’s Biggest Geyser. From Irazdu the range continues westward until it reaches Poas, a picturesque mountain with a geyserian crater, photographed for the first time iby the writer in 1888, and which Beems to have shown of late an unusual activity coincident with the long series of quakes that have just afflicted Costa Rica. Geysers, or hot water volcanoes are sparsely distributed on the map of the world, and have been often stud- ! led and described. It is therefore • no doubt a matter of surprise to many readers to learn that the highest and by far the most formidable of them is not located in Iceland, nor in the Yellowstone National park, nor in New Zealand, but In the little ReKublic of Costa Rica, on the northern order of Panama. Poas has at least two craters. The higher one on tue pyramidal top of the mountain is extinct and filled' by a marvelous sheet of blue, cold waj'tsr, framed in an exuberant border j of semi-tropical vegetation; the oth-

er crater, 1,000 feet lower, showing at its bottom a lead-colored lagoon, is surrounded by almost vertical jagged walls of gray pumice and other eruptive materials.! This is a geyserian basin, the eruptions of which occur at irregular intervals of from 12 to 20 minutes or more, and with variable intensity. At times the water, which tastes like strong vinegar, is hardly disturbed; at other times a heavy column accompanied by dense clouds of vapor surges to a variable height, creating a furious tempest on the usually placid lake. The volcanic cordillera of Costa Rica ends the southwestern extremity of Lake Nicaragua with Mount Orosi, the conical form of which denotes its Igneous origin. But between It and the Poas geyser there are a number of other craters, some still in semi-active condition and the others quite extinct. Rocked by Earthquakes. The maximum of volcanic activity takes place at the eastern end of the range, and it is also that section of the country, just at its southern foot, between Turrialba and Poas—the socalled central plateau—that is most exposed to disastrous earthquakes. It is at the saine time the most densely populated part of the whole country. This central plateau then is almost constantly rocked by un&erground convulsions of variable intensity. From 1866 to 1903, inclusive, the average yearly number of recorded shocks was 34, about half of which were generally felt in San Jose and its immediate vicinity. The maximum number of shocks, 103, was reached in 1900, but during that year there were no very heavy quakes. Contrary to the opinion current among the natives, that these earthquake phenomena are more frequent at the beginning and at the end of the rainy Beason —a view formerly sustained by the writer himself—there is no seasonal periodicity, the seisms being distributed almost evenly throughout the twelve months. The quakes very seldom come singly, but mostly in groups, with one or several culminating shocks at some point of the series. Notwithstanding the fact that in the minds of the highly imaginative and excited natives the volcanoes were the original cause of the disturbance, these hardly showed any unusual activity, as was made clear by a careful exploration; but this failed to satisfy the public, and the responsibility was speedily shifted to a hitherto unheard of crater, the Cacho Negro, which gave the investigating commissioner more trouble and headaches than all the real volcanoes and earthquakes taken together.

Pa Is in Peril.

Master Stuart R. Crane, the precocious six-year-old son of William H. Crane, the popular comedian, terrified his mother by rushing into her room flourishing a mammoth toy pistol. “Stuart Robson Crane,” she cried, “what on earth have you got there?” “A plthtol,” answered the boy, “an* I’m goin’ to thoot a man!” “No, you’re’not, either,” said Mrs. Crane, in/a stern, commanding voice. “Give me that horrid plstol at once or I’ll tell your tether.” “Oh, I don’t care,” cried the young hopeful, defiantly. “He’s the man I’m going to thoot.”

A Plain Conclusion.

“When smoke goes straight up in the, air, what Is It a sign of?" “Usually a sign that something la burning.” .

H. PITTIER.