Evening Republican, Volume 14, Number 28, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 February 1910 — Page 3

FARMERS CORNER

The Ullklns Shed.' A plan that has been proven success* ful, not only in the"improvement of tjie milk, but in the saving of the manure, is to have a separate barn or shed to do the milking In, This can be a comparatively cheap structure, 88 It would be intended to keep the cows in it only during the process of milking. The barn, however, should be constructed in ja substantial and sanitary way. -After the cows are milked they are turned into a roomy shed or barn, Where they remain loose and can eat forage <or lie down at will. There are in this shed racks and troughs for feeding hay and ensilage in. In the milking shed the cows are fastened by means of rigid stanchions, and the feed mangers, where the concentrates are fed, are built high enough to prevent the cow from lying down, thus she remains clean until the milking is done. \ The flocks should be of concrete, and there should be a gutter behind the cows. - These stables should —be thoroughly cleaned out each day, and, if possible, washed occasionally, so that there will tfe as few flies as possible and no offensive odors. There should be no hay or feed stored in this barn and it should be well ventilated, so that the air will be pure and free from dust. This is about the most practical way to keep cows clean. The feeding shed, which could and really should be the lower floor of the main feed barn, should be well ventilated and bedded, for in there the cows are allowed to run at large manure is allowed to accumulate, being covered up each day with new bedding. This plan saves absolutely all of the manure with the least amount of_handling, it being hauled directly to the land in the spring.—Southern Agriculturist. Method- of Polllnar ftnmpa, A very handy device for piling ■tumps from old orchards, and can pull 200 or more a day by this means, is shown. The limbs are <«i. oft and

FOR PULLING STUMPS.

the stumps (E) left as long as possible. A short rope or chain with a single pulley is attached to the stump. The anchor rope or chain with a single pulley' is attached to the top of stump (C). The Anchor rope (B) which runs through the pulley Is fastened to the bottom of a stout stump (A). . . ' A pair of steady horses is attached to the rope and always pull toward the anchor stump. With a steady pull there Is no Jumping or jerking, and they will walk right off as if pulling a loaded wagon. Use about sixty feet of one-inch rope, which costs $2.40 and the pulley $1.75, making a total cost of $4.15.

Better Breeding Each Tine. No line of breeding requires more thought and study than horse breed* Ing. This Is why so many fall In producing the highest types. One of the essentials Is knowing the type of sire to breed the njare to. Many farmers will breed a light mare to a heavy horse or the very opposite, and the result is nothing tangible in the way of improvement. Every farmer should know what kind of an animal he has and-be able to select a sire to breed her to that will give an improved offspring. With a proper selection made here the remainder will be easy.. It is well to note at the outset that no horse is absolutely perfect. Every animal has some defect, be it large or small. The defects in the mare should therefore be carefully noted, and the sire selected should be especially strong in the weak points the mare may have. It should be hardly necessary to mention that it is never a good plan to cross breeds. To make '* success of the business the horse breeder must select one breed and stick to it.'-x . ' v ■. Government WUllnp to Help. Many a farm can bd made to yield a largqr profit by laying out the Helds differently and planning a rotation of various crops. The Government will be glad to send pamphlets to farmers suggesting how this may be done, and will furnish special Information for individual cases where desired. Farm- . era ought to avail themselves more fully of the splendid services of the Government agricultural experts than they do. •—! *r * * % Mow* for Tnrntnar Over Konev. The bog commends itself t<£ the general farmer on account of Its prolific qualities. A-sow will produce two lib* ters of six to a dozen each per year and the farmer can turn his money over several times with hogs while he is waiting for other animals to mar tee —■, ::little mwe, earn aft times than Other some animals, hut

the man who Ukes to work with them and i« wiling to study their needs and give them regular care will find them a most profitable adjunct to the farm. They can be turned into money or food as the owner chooses. TO Simplify Sugar Beet Culture. The department of Agriculture la experimenting with a view to obtalnipg a single germ beet seed. Last year’s investigations were successful in increasing the percentage of the single germ seed to 60 per cent, as compared to 2« per cent for the year previous. By methods of selection from single-seed plants- this percentage may be still further increased. •The ultimate establishment of a single germ beet will revolutionize sugar beet growing, since the several sprouts sent up by tbe ordinary seed, all of which must be carefully removed by hand, constitutes tbe most difficult problem in beet raising. Handy Barrow for Winter. I have had many a tussle in trylhg to puslj a wheeHrabrow through drifts

of,snow. My pigpen is some distance from the "other , buildings, and it is I very necessary to have some sort of conveyance for the feed. After having tried my patience to4he limit for sev-

USEFUL BARROW.

tried my patienee to tbe limit for several winters. I finally devised the scheme shown in- the cut. I made a large runner ahd put it on the barrow in place of the wheel. This skips over thd snow in fine shape, and runs fully as easy as a wheel does on solid ground.—C. W. Beecher in Farm and Home.

Blitter from Sweet Cream, The quality of butter sqems more affected by the degrees of ripeness 'at which the cream is churned than by any other .one thing, it is now becomes the fashion in some quarters to churn sweet cream. It is said that the butter keeps longer and some like it better, though a moderate degree of ripeness produces butter of the most popular flavor. - It is well known that over-ripe cream makes an ill-flavored butter, and thfe wonder is that so much of it is produced. Negligence and procrastination account for most of it. Swine Breeding-. A swine breeder ,of experience and good judgment says: “The best show pig may come from the smallest sow in the herd, but it is not safe, as a rule, to select breeders from that class. We want most size in the shortest time, and we can safely forego a little of the fattening tendency, provided we secure in the prospective breeder ranginess and a tendency to growth. I don’t care how good the 'individual, if only three or four pigs were farrowed in the litter I would not reserve one of them for a breeder.” Trimming Frail Tree*. Apple trees and other fruit trees that were trimmed in t%e winter and spring will produce sprouts around the scars the following summer. Much future labor may be saved if the orchard is gone over every few, weeks during the summer and these sprouts rubbed off or cut off. Not allowing them to grow will conserve the food supply of the tree, and it will be used for growth in .desired branches. Barrel Trapa for Rata. Two effective devices for trapping rats are made with barrels As shown here. Coarse brown paper,.with cross

slits, Is Stretched across the barrel head in the one case qpad a light cover of wood hinged' on a rod la (the other plan. The best bait is usually food of a kind that the rat's do not get in the vicinity. ■ Farm Notes. - Alfalfa is growing im fovor as a rotation crop. -Give the colts plenty of -room to run about in. , The plow has its share in the good roads movement. Fit the collar to the horse, not the horse to the collar. Owls are vermin destroyers. Encourage their presence en the farm. On cold nights do not leave the cowb out to sleep on the damp ground where they may be chilled. The manure heap Is not the farmer's bank unless he gets it out on the land. Then it returns goods interest. A fortune is Awaiting th* propagator of a hardy red raspberry. But quality must be sacrificed for hardiness. Timothy and cloVer mixed makes good hay, because the timothy holds the clover up and the curing is easier. If the cow* teats have a tendency to get hard, keep a bottle of vaseline handy and use it occasionally to soften the p*rts. -—you found out that the larger vines have no place in the garden? Plant pumpkins, and squashes in the larger fields. Make every square rod on your farm i>leid Its quota of profit Some use can be found for even the poor stripe.

FACTS IN TABLOID FORM.

A flower cut in the morning will outlive flowers cut later in the day. The word “mikado” signifies something like “tbe sacred gate” or “the sublime porte." '•* - A man’s friends are something like natural gas: when he needs them most, the supply is apt to run short Chicago now has a law which makes traction'companies return tlfe fares to passengers who are on a ear which is detained ten or mere. -' The Lincolnshire (England) county court ordered a man, who was owing |9O to a moapy lender, to pay the debt in Installments of 2 cents month, at which rate it will take 365 years to pay oft the sum. The bursting of a gas main in Horseferry road, Westminster, London, led to the Berious illness of a number of tbe > residents in the locality. ' The gas company provided the sufferers with medipal aid and milk. The owyier of a good library solemnly warned a friend against the practice of lending books. To punctuate bis advice he showed his friend the well-stocked shelves. “There,” said he, “every ■> one of those books was lent me.” There is a society in New York composed of negroes which .gives a series of musical and dramatic entertainments in the course of the winter. These are usually timed to fit)some historical occasion in which the negroes are interested. Marcel Prevost has written an article for a Paris publication on the subject of “Fashions of the Period,” in which he discusses at length the methods employed by women to grow thin. He. denounces them all as injurious to body and mind,-.with the one excep-tion-rational exercise. The State Railroad Commission of Massachusettsyhas a knotty problem to selve—Just what are the rights of a drunken man on a public conveyance. TJhe question bah been put up to tbs board by a transit company that has more than its share of troubles and suits over ejected “tanks.'’

Mrs. David E. Lucas and Mrs. MAry E. Ide are the leaders In a movement to put married convicts at work On farms and to apply their earnings to the support of their families. Mrs. Lucas has offered a tract of four thousands acres of land in Colorado for ths use of convicts for five years. For many years the Mexiqm dollar was current at and Jn the vicinity of the Chinese coast an<Vrlver ports, but ■now Chinese dollars are coined at ths provincial mints at Tien tsin, Nanking, Wuchang, Hankow, Canton and elsewhere, but the mintage of N>ne province is only accepted at a discount in another province. : Consul-General Robert P. Skinner, in a report on the manufacture of lactic acid in Germany, says thgt seven thousand to eight thousand tons of the product were exported to the United States in 1908, mostly via Rotterdam. This acid is chiefly used by the American' dyeing establishments, formic acid having t&ken its place to a considerable extent In the tanning Industry. Equipment of a three-chair dental clinic -in the City Hall for the free care of Bchool children’s teeth, the erection of a series of Illuminated corner signs along Broad street, reading, “Danger, run slow,”(to keep automobile speederij in bounds, and the abolition of all horses on tbs'city’s hospital ambulances are a few of the reforms now before the Philadelphia council’s finance committee.

Mrs. Richard WatsoO Gilder, as president of the National League for the Civic Education of Womens has been asked to cause an investigation to be made of the conditions under which women work in the laundries in Greater New York. The league is the most active in the anti-suffrage societies in this country. Its membership is made up, with a few exceptions, exclusively of women of leiture. ( A good example-of one of the ways In which magical properties became attributed to'natural objects is the stone known as an amethyst. The ancient Indian name of thlß stone had the sound represented by its present name. In Greek this sound happens to mean “anti-wine;” hence, without more ado, the ancients declared that the amethyst was a preventive and cure for drunkenness!—London Telegraph. A creche .for the children of rich women is said to be the latest move in the interest of the women and children of London. «ThU creche Is. (or the special benefit of well-to-do mothers, who, striving to be fashionable, have taken up bridge whist Tki|y begin to playcards abSut noon and often gpe unable to get back to (heir Jiomes before 9, In the evening. The object of the creche is to Insure careful attention for their children Instead of leaving them to the care of servants. A Musical comedy for -comic opera of the first class averages a cast v of about, seventy-five people, while I suppose about seventeen is the average number for a dramatic company. A prima donna who is not a‘star gets from (100 to 1360 a week, the principal comedian "from flM' tof 9<Wi week, the tenor from 976 to |3OO, the bass about the same. The minor characters, range from 940 to 9100 a week, while show girls get from 9*6 to 9*o, and chorus people from 916 to *25, the JWtete. naJaa about »i*.— js»crybodyfktegazlne.

GROWING POSTOFFICE DEFICIT.

Habit* of Vwn of tho a«W« Wfcleh Helped to Make It. Apropos of the $2D,000,000 deficit in the Postofflce Department last year—which was $4,000,000 worse than the one of two years ago—the Silent Partner remarks that, after all, it is ths people's own department, and It seems to be their delight to abuse its priv lieges. “They may persist," says the article referred to, “in using stationery of gray, yellow, green, red, blue and every other color that makes addresses almost impossible to read at night, when most mall is handled. ‘‘lt is the people’s department, so they have a right to deposit every year 11,000,000 pieces of mail to go to the dead letter office after carriers, clerks and experts have spent hours .trying to decipher each address or hunting an address that did not exist. “Since the postofflce belongs to the people they have a right as 'business men to save up all their hundreds of letera to mail at the close of the day, so that an extra nlglffl force Is needed In every big postofflce, and so that nine-tenths of the mall may be sorted and handled at the very t/me when It is twice as hard to work it. “As business men the people have a right to tie packages so they will come Unwrapped, to send all sorts of mail with insufficient postage, to send huge cards that will not fit the carrier’s bag or the * pigeonholes in the mail cars, or squeeze into the sacks. "The people have a right to demand that mail be carried on fast trains from which the sacks must be kicked \t high speed, but it is not incumbent npon the people to use heavy covdrs for catalogues or booklets so that they will stand the jar. “But If the people have all these 1 rights and take advantage of them the people must not kick If the departtnent is costly or if some who believe In individualism think that the people’s government makes about the poorest showing as the administrator of a big business that can be made.”—New YWk Sun.

Legal Information

The distribution of Intoxicating liquors In less quantities than five gallons by a social club to its members, for a consideration, though without profit, is held. In State ex rel. Young .vs. Minnesota Club, 106 Minn. 616, 119 N. W. 494, L. R. A. (N. S.) 1101, to constitute a “sale" within the meaning of laws requiring a license for the sale of liquor. > An ordinance merely Imposing a lloense tax upon the business of selling intoxicating liquors Is held, in Cuzner vs. California Club (Cal.) 100 Pac. 868, 20 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1096, not to Include a bona fide social club which merely distributes such liquor 'to Its members at a slight advance over the cost, the profit being devoted to the expenses of the Institution. The one In charge of an electric car Is held, in Trigg vs, Water, Light and Transit Company, 216 Mo. 621, 114 S. W. 972, 20 L. R. A. (N. 6.) 987, not to be -bound to stop the car or slacken its speed upon discovering an object beßlde the track which he takes to be a clump of dirt, although It proves in fact to be a man, whom he strikes before he can stop the car, after he discovers that it is a man. A bona fide purchaser of the capital stock of a corporation Is held, In Everitt vt. Farmers’ and M. Bank (Neb.) 117 N. W. 401, 20 L- R. A. (N. S.) 996, to have the right to sue in equity to compel the corporation to enter the assignment upon Its books, and to issue a new certificate therefor, and to restrain the sheriff from selling said' stock Upon an execution against the vendor, the corporation and sheriff being parties to the action. Persons who have bought lots bordering on a tract of land dedicated for park purposes are held In Northport . Wesleyan Grove Campmeeting Association va. Andrews (Me.) 71 Atl. 1027, 20 L, R. A. (N. 8.) 97*, to have the as against the owner of the fee, to cut the grass thereon If the authorities have not assumed jurisdiction over the park and the removal of Jthe grass will render the park mors suitable for ths use for which it was Intended.

The Man and the Lion.

• "When I was once in danger from a Ron,” said an old African explorer, “1 tried sitting down and storing at him, as I had no weapons.’’ “How did it work?” asked his com* ' panion. The lion didn't even offer to touch me." “Strange! How do you account for ttr “Well, sometimes I’ve thought jt was because I Sat down on a branch of a very taH tree." H

A Timely Episode.

“The sheriff levied on onr scenery in the third act Fortunately, he had been an actor himself at ene time "What happened?” V “We got away with our hand baggage while he was taking a curtain call.”— I Louisville Courier-Journal.

Not Quite All.

“There le A big sale on at a man* moth department store." “I suppose all the women In, town are theret" ---■; —- -* -?- “Ns- g- fesr - arr. entrtatha >cen» -r .. . f: ;•

$1.000. 000 To KILL A LITTLE WORM

Mr. Rockefeller's gift of $1,000,000, bo be used in eradicating the hookworm disease,v fixes public attention on the dread scourge of the South. it was responsible for most of the lassitude and unwillingness to work of the so-called poor white trash”-—whereupon he was laughed out of court as the discoverer of “the germ of i laziness.” The bookworm, which is not a germ, is certainly no laughing matter. It is not peculiar to the Southern States, having been found in animals as early %s 1782. It was first recognized as the cause of a parasitic disease in 1843 in Italy, and in 1879 Its -action in exhausting the blood from the system was realized, ht succeeding years its wide prevalence was noted in Europe and .in soipe oases wera traced to the United States; but it was not until 1902 that the existendte of a purely American variety was. demonstrated and announced by Dr. Stiles, a zoologist connected with the United States government , service. The appearance and habits of- the parasite are now. well known. It is a suckingworm less than an inch long and looking much like “a bit of soiled coarse thread.” One victim may entertain several thousand of these tiny "vampires, and these cause lobs of blood not only by sucking it, but by leakage through the minute holes that they make in th,e Intestinal walls. , Retardation of development due to hookworms has caused a great deal of unmerited criticism to be beaped on the Southern cotton mills. Lads of 17 or 18 t appear no older than normal boys of 10 or 11; boys of 10 or 11 sometimes look like ljttle children. Strangers not knowing their real ages and seeing them at work go away with lurid stories of the horrors of child labor. Their impression is still further heightened if they try to talk with the supposed children. The disease makes them dull and backward — ar ® generally the stupidest pupils in the schools—and they seem unable to answer the simplest questions intelligently. Perhaps they feel tpo miserable even to try. In school they are unable to concentrate their minds on anything, and the teachers in the hookworm districts say that if their pupils remain seated for any length of time they “swell up.” Hookworm disease is caused by tbe presence of small worms belonging to a group of round worms known technically as uclnarinae. Two different kinds of hookworm occur la man. One of these ip popularly known as the “Old World hookworm,2 the other as the "New World hookworm.” Both of these parasites are known to occur in Africa, the home of the negro, and both have been found in the negro. The Old World hookworm is ; relatively rare in the United States, where the great majority of cases mußt he attributed to the New World parasite. The New World hookworin Is. known as "the American murderer,” this name having been given It. on account of the great number of deaths It causes, directly or indirectly. The American hookworm Is about ,one-fourth to ode-half an lncll long and about as thick as a small hairpin. It has hard cutting plates or jaws guarding the entrance to its mouth, with the aid of which it to the intestinal wall. In its adult stage the hookworm is found .fastened to the lining membrane of the small ..intestine. Formerly it was . thought that the parasite secured its hold by means of hooks, but now It ig established that It fastens Itself byi biting the membrane. It makes a wound, sucks the blood and produces a poisonous substance which injures the person affected. A person may harbor a few hookworms, or several thousands, according to the amount of Infection to which he has been subjected; ''The disease is more common in children than in adults. The parasites do not multiply in the intestine, as their eggs require fresh air in order to develop, and so for every hookworm found' in the intestine a separate germ must enter the body. The young .vorm may enter the body in two different ways. It may be swallowed in contaminated water or it may bore its way through tbe Skin. Boring through the skin is the more common method of Infection. After entering the skin, the young worms make their way to the blood and pass with' the blood through the heart to the lungs, pradually they find their way to the small intestine, where they shed their skin, become mature and then begin .their work of injuring the walls of the intestines of suckling the blood, and of poisoning their victims. Investigations by. Dr. Stiles have convinced him that the hookworm disease has a serious effect upon the mind and prevents children from fully and -properly assimilating the education which is offered them. He says that, as nearly as can be estimated, the physical condition of the Southern school children In the rural districts is such that they cannot assimilate more than 70 per cent of the education they receive. -rs. Dr. Stiles 1s quoted as saying that it will twenty years, at a cost of SIOO,OOO a year—that is, $2,000,000—t0 stamp out the malady in the Southern Stataeß. Much, however, can he done in a short time. The Rockefeller commission has not yet adopted a program for its campaign against the disease, but it will probably take up the measures suggested'some time ago by Dr. Stiles, which include an annual “public health week” in the schools, when children will be taught the dangers of infection; house-to-house canvasses in the hack country districts by rna<n—i B t Q . dents on vacation to enlighten the natives, lectures by physicians and trained nurses in town halls, churches and schoolhouses; the distribution of pamphlets and other printed matter telling about the disease; an institution tor free diagnosis and treatment, and the passing of laws in ths several Southern States to permit the above measures and to promote the aatihookworm campaign. A late dispatch from San Francisco says that hundreds of cases of hookworm have been imported into California. In the last few years from Hawaii 'the Philippines and the Orient. Almost half of a colony pf West Indian laborers who had been working in the Hawaiian sugar plantations and came to the Pacific coaßt were Infected.

THRILLING SPECTACLE.

Modern Ante Racing Compared to the Chariot Races of Old. Alinhat wild excitement the ancient Romans found In a chariot race is being supplied to the modern world through the thrilling contests of the automobile speed kings. Whether held on the open roads or on a track, the mad dash of the automobiles, with .their dare devil drivers at the wheels, more closely approximates the chariot races in the amphitheaters of the ancient world than anything that could be imagined. It is thought by the world that the chariot race belongs to a bygone, age, yet here Is Its counterpart. The jockey or the driver of the trotting horse never occupied a parallel place. They were heroes, but they went through no such terrifying experiences as the old chariot racer. The death at a running or trotting meet of any driver or jockey is the rare thing. In the chariot races of ancient Rome, death was a never absent entry, and in tome of the terrific mix-ups, where horses, drivers and chariots came together in an inextricable Jam, It was nothing uncommon for men, horses and spectators to go to their death. ' The speed that the modern automobile can make was dever even dreamed of In the period of'Tnclent Rome, when men of wealth counted it noth-, ing to «b*nd a fortune on the team of horses that was expected to bring a victory In the racing contest of the amphitheater. Sometimes ths battles of the modern charioteers are held over the open roads of the rural districts. Bntiwfter 1 * •ver it may be there lb ever the certatety that a huge crowd will b* prsnbnt, ter thg- *«te<sebile me* appeals r:

now as much to the modern public as the ancient chariot race did to the populace of the ancient countries. The element of danger is one of the biggest attractions, as It was in days of old. In all of the big road events it is a significant fact that the most frequented points are those where the danger is greatest. „ At top speed, a mile a minute, a machine bears down ouj the danger spot in the road. It Is a bad turn to start with. Hours of being plowed up by powerful machines have chipped it into a mass of small stones, and deep ruts have been marked In its surface. But the intrepid driver of the modern form of the chariot has just ns iron nerves as his predecessor of centuries a *° .... •.4 w* There is no thought of slow up In his mind as he approaches Ute turn Straight at ths chrves lie goes. The car skids and sways. Lit anyththg go wrong with the steering gear or * tire come off add It is not hard to what would be.the fate of the drlirer, or, for that matter, the fate of the spectators, for all of them who are close by are in constant danger. All during the race, no matter how often this incident is repeated. It always finds delighted spectators. And the greater the peri),- the narrower the escape, the greater the delight. Joy and thrill of those who are lookftag on. Automobile racing Is not very old as yet, but as a thrilling spectacle It hide fair to hold lte own with the chariot race of old, if It does not out-class 14-altogether. —.-—-■ .... .._. Gallantry is that sentiment which holds up a man of 126 pounds on a slippery wajk, when escorting a woman -weighing 176. A woman’s real JwafcAhow up In her diary.