Evansville Journal, Volume 21, Evansville, Vanderburgh County, 16 September 1870 — Page 2

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PffEUlHID BT Till KVASSTILLE J0US51L CO&PAXY, fjocuat RtrMt, Kvanavfll. FRIDAY, BKFXRS1BBK 10. tSIP. THE REPUBLICAN BECOED. Speech Delivered by Vice President -C'Olfnx, tn Bonth Bend, Scp- - -xember loth, 1SIQ. ,,..; ICONCLTTDED.l -,- - FATn7Ct. "COLLECTION A3 WELL AS REDUCTION OS NATIONAL TAXES. The Platform of 18CS pledged the llepublicaa organization to a radical retorm ot the shameful, corruptions i.cf .ministration, and that taxation should be equalized and reduced as rapidly s the national iaitb would - permit. 4l'his was no- - idle. ledge, on which to obtain power-. fcut as been redeemed to tne leuier. :, In this connection, aiiow me iu "read the following charge against the aamioisirauuu iroaa au cunuiw v partv in this State, it says: i - "l''fnm June 30. 1G0. to June 30. th first clear fiscal vear of the Grant Administration- And now do29 tho tax lavied upon - the people , during that ysar compare with the tax levied during the year handed down i.uiv(nwuaiv - - by Andrew uoansoa, .uooit ai me iea just put forth by Mr. Boutwell: Orant.) ........ i-i08.ssr.sra 1SWKH (JounsouO ........................ t70,9i3,7l7 Excess of Grant 137,837,6:5 "fhus the Governtuent levied upon the Dcoole nearly- i33.000.00O more -during the first fiscal year of Grant' -Administration than was levied during t the last fiscal year of Johnson s -Ad-, istration. " This i3 a reduction of tax atioa with a vengeance L... C ' Although thid comparison of. the '-Sentinel only -partially shows the increase in the revenue under, the faith ..ful execution of . the laws by President Grant's officers, (as four months, and " the best four months for revenue.of lSii-y ' wore under Grant' and not under Johnson,) it is an unwitting testimony to their fidelity from - the lips of an enemy. Ilemember that 4 ir..eraal or external, during these two . vears. The same taxes except,-in-5. j!ap,1 rtna ar taek vctliirllfYaA instca.il of enlargements,) and the euro laws existed in the first' fiscal year of President Grant as in the last fiscal year of President Johnson. Cut during Johnson's administration, the Whisky ring reigned almost supreme; and manufactured whisky, marked "'tax paid" was sold at less than the tax, saying nothing of the cost of tnanu- ' facturiDg. Corruption stalked unabashed through every.venu8 of the public service, and the treasury wai robbed by men kept in olSoa for partisan purposes only. When a faithful UvMnmissioner urged removals of suspected cfaciata, Lis appeals were almost always in vain; And when these thieves were detected and convicted, Presidential pardons, in a large majority of cases, were ready for them. Prom this demoralization, peculation and plunder, which so naturally followed the recreancy of. their chief, (Jan. Grant rescued,-and regenerated our revenuo 'service and what under Johnson went into the pockets pf thieves went, under Grant. : intft th Triinaiirv. flnnhlirKr (nrktinn to be reduced, Tlio whisky riDg be--came powerless. Officers who were suspected or inefficient, were removed; and if tho new appointees failed to provo their tnes3 for responsible trusts, they had also to give place to others. And immediately the revenues improved.? Every subordinate felt tnat lis position depended on bis . j I.1 1: f.that what he paid went, into the Treasury, and that ' his ' dishonest competitor,- by .. hia side, . could -' n - BTlIf ' I T"l fVA ACAIAA-'hli ' aha 1 A r of the public burdens.-, And the sjm ' -r i T- -' i . a ... l internal jievenue laws, nonestiy administered - without fear or ; favor, the same laxes faithfully collected, . brought millions more per month into the Treasury, for which the. Sentinel now attacks the Administration. In the Customs service also (the Tariff) there has been increased efiiciency. ' Fraudulent systems of ua dervalued invoices have beea broken ud. bmuciiiiB.cr bas been detected and arrested. And the same' Tariff ; Laics thus yielded muiions more per , ouarter to the lreasury under, I'resi dent Grant thaa -underPresident Johnson. - ' . "" ' i"' I Look at the following oiLcial state taent of tho increasa of receipts dur ing; tb i first eighteen months of Presi dent Grant's Administration, (from March. 1SG3. to Sept. 1870.) as compar ed with the last eighteen months of President Johnson's Administration, (from Sept. 1807, to March, 18G9:) Incstcas'E in internal Kevenuo - - " receipt......-.... ......... f51.2G3.919 Increase in Customs receipts . 42,71,431 Xucrease in Land sale rtttipLg... 1.819,5iS JCearease la Misoellanecas recelpis, premiums ou surplus .10,621,101 ? Net Increase la ail receipts..-. 5S7,213,765 Which Laa paid off just that inuch Debt of course, and relieved the- taxpayers permanently of riTE millions interest per year., ' . , Making all allowance for" increase of bisinoss, does not this prove that tho Administration has been a faithful guardian of the publio- interests ; committed to its charge? The beneficent results of this increased revenue flawing from increased efficiency and honesty in, the public service," bas J been felt by the people in ; more, ways than one. n i ,., r - , -. ; - : First. While nothing was .paid on the debt- during 'Mr. Johnson's last L year, the raiactioa. uader 'President Grant has been constant and gratify iogiy urga, .VYitnout any increase ot the publio burdens ho has paid off over one hundred and sixty .nine and a half millions of our bonded and over-due debt, in the first eighteen . months of his Administration; and has permanently reduced the annual dnl'srest to be paid to our creditors. nearly nine millions pkrteab.' Up to this date,- tho bonds he has purchased wit! our surplus revenue have been Btam?ed, and kept as a Sinking Fund. - at the last Congress ordered as a fairer way, that they . should all bo destroyed, now and hereafter, as purchased, so that . they should no longer be in existence, even in a cancelled form. Secondly. With this healthy condition ot our finances, Congress felt that a large reduction of taxation was not inconsistent with the maintainance of our credit, And accordingly a bill wan passed Tciticic.? our Interx nal Tax ttioa. at the rate of over Fifty -P five millions per year, and oo Tariff ! taxation about Twenty-five millionsin all Eighty millions per year, striking offal one blow, one-fifth of all our re I maining taxation of all kinds, j These reductions in our Internal tax-system have been of the most sweeping character. All the burdensome and vexatious ppecial taxes ara abolished, to lakecfieet at the end of tho year for , which thsy are now paid I refer to those oo lawyers, doctors, claim.

agsot?r iasui'ascc " and ' real estate agentsconveyancers, architect?, manfacturers, photographers, apothecaries, butchers, plumbers, eatinghouses and hotels, merchants, dealers of every kind, (excepting spirits and tobacco.) The - taxes on- sales, with the abovo exception, on boats and barges, on watches, on gross receipts of railroads, steamboats, expresses, telegraphs, ferries, bridges and turnpikes, on leacies and successions, on passports, od receipts, and on ail notes under $100, are not again to be levied or collected after the first of next msnth. Thi income tax is reduced one half, limited to two years, aod the exemption doubled, being $2,000 in addition to all taxes and interest paid, lo3se3 and bad debts, rents and repairs and amount caid for labor, thus re

moving its burden entirely from those who are poor or of moderate means. and recjuiricg is io do tblih as iu reduced rate, only by thoso whose income renders it easv to bo if. In fact, after this month, nothing .will remain of thia once all-embracing Internal Kevenna pvstam excect the tax on Brunt uous and 'malt liquors, 'cigars and tobacco, national banks, gas. incomes and stamr3i and probably several of these will disappear alsa-" before another fiscal vear has passed away. - ' Thirdly. Annexed to thi3 bill, were sections altering, and in the aggregate, largely reducing the Tariff, to take effect at the end of this. year. . Hun dreds of articles used as. raw materials in our home manufactures, were placed oil the free list, and nearly two millions of duties thus remitted, while our industrial interests, received healthful imcetus from 4. this- relief. Many others, which did not pay tho expense of Sollecting duties on them, were also tiade free. A specino duty of $28 per too was placed, on Bessiiaef tteel instead ot the 4a per cent. adyalorem, which shifted in amount with every tiactuation or tho ii.uropean prices.'whijh had varied in a fewyears from 1150 to ijj per ton. Tho duty on:Pig -Iroa - was -reduced -nearly twenty-five per cent., from. 19 to 17 per ton, and on ecrap iron from $ 3 to 16 per ton.," Pepper and other spices, and fruit?, were also very largaly re daced Coffee was reduced from five to three cents per pound, a less rate than it wn taxed by .the Administra tions of Washington, Adams, Jeffer son MadiFen and Monroe, from 1790 to !:. diriDg which 'time it ws taxed from "four to-fiTa-ceat per pound, exoept a few years at ten oenta. Tea was reduced from 25 to 15 cents per pound, a lesa rate than the duties for the 38 years vast "alluded to, dur ing which the tariff on tea wa3 from 18 to 25 cents per pound, except a fewyears at o( cents, bugar, which nas always been taxed in our entire history, under all tariffs and, all Administrations, was also ' largely reduced, eo much so indeed that ou this one item alon j, including mola3se3. the reduo tun amounts to twelve millions per year, as it does to five millions on coftee, totr millions on tea, over one millioa or. pepper and other spices and -a half million on fruits. Thus faithfully fulfilling the promises of the hst cacpaign, we shall go on in ti e future with the work of "equalizing and r3dueing taxation as rapidly. .aa the national faith will permit;"' even if, as in the present case, we have to pass thesq-" bills abolishing internal taxes of the people and reducing the cost of tea, coffee, sugar, &o., over, and in epite of, the oppostDgvoles of tho Democracy. Their reply to this arraignment ot them for adverse votes is, tnat "all the details ot the bill did not suit them." " Put" this 13 a very Old excuse. 'We heard it often during the war. -They could - not support war measures because tbey did not like all their "details."' They carried New York -in 18b2 on the more vig orous prosecution of the war, but could not vote in Congress lor any bill -rhosa. details were intended to aid in its more vigorous, .prosecution. They declaim now against taxation, but cannot vote for any bill tar reduoe it. They talk bitterly, too, about the Debt, but are not satisfied with General Grant' reduction of it. They da nounce the interest which it bears as too high, but vote against any funding bill propcsinghoneaUy .to reduce it. They spread their sails to catch favorble breeze, if possible., but are contantly wrecked on the "details." So we shall go on with "details" of our own, in the work of ' lessening the Debt, diminishing its Interest, and steadily reducing taxation, from year to year, without their help and against their opposition. Fourthly. We have about four hundred millions of dollars of greenbacks and fractional currency. When President Grant was inaugurated, jroli was at a premium of $ 1 3; so that these four hundred millions of paper dollars, m tho pockets of the people, were worth about TnaiE hundred millions in gold. Before the European war broke out, gold had declined hero in consequence of our im proved - national -credit, to $1 10; making these four hundred millions of greenbacks and fractional currency worth to the people over tiib.es iicndeed and sixty millions in . gold. And this addition to their. value, and their purchasing power, rendering the people who hold them and use them a3 currency that much better off, is fairly. to ibe credited to the administration. ' i Fifthly. The National Expenditures have also been largely and stead ily decreased from the day President Grant took the oaths of office, lne year ending July, 1SG9, (partly JohnBon'a term and partly Grant's,) they were tob.UUO.Uuu less than the previ ous year. The year ending July,-1870, tney were S-iy.UUU.UOO less than lfcfcy. And the present year ending next July, they will be from $15,000,000 to sio.uuu.wv less man the hscal year just, closed. And hers I must not omit this Damooratio testimonv from the special dispatch of the Cincinnati Enquirtr, dateiWashington. June 30, 1869, which proves out of the mouth of an euemv how promptly tais ad ministration commenced the work ol rcducin i the expense of ihe govern rncnt: ".."-''' ," -. ! - " The fiscal year closed to-day, and all of the old appropriations expireu To-morrow the Government goes forward on reduced aPDiorriations. ITbe result id that several hundred officials were to day removed. Nearly two hundred -were ia the Treasury, and fifty were in the" Wrar Department. So far some six hundred removals havs been made from the Treasury Departmen'." ---- .-, ? " And this 'retrenching works ha3 oeen eieaany pusned i lorward ever siacc, in every Department of the Government. lnterualf ltevenuc ofnciais are being reduced; when the reductions take effect,"" their number is to bj still further lessened.; Districts to be consolidated, and the expenses of" . that branch of service largely curUiled. j " i , .1 will not stop to make 'a balance sheet; tut an Administration that, without any increase of taxation, can increase the receipts of our National Treasury under the Tariff and tax laws, over eiohtt millions ia its first eighteen months over the amount collected by its predecessor in its last

eighteen

months can pay cfF in the game time one HUNDRED and seven ty MILLIONS OP OUR NATIONAL DEBT can strike oif, at one blow, eighty MILLIONS CFBUHDENSOMZ TAXATION CAN BEDUCB OUR NATIONAL EXPENDITURES ONE HUNDRED MILLIONS ia the first eighteen months of this Administration and can maka the currency, ia the pockets of the peo ple, WORTH SIXTY MILLIONS MORE than when it entered oa its duties deserres tho confidence of the people, whose interests .it has si faithfully served and can bear philosophically the upjast and bitter criticisms to which, it has been subjected by its enemies. v hat grander resuiw couia the most exacting have demanded ot the Administration? . , . j : - EQUALITY. BEFORE THE LAW. I Tb no thin? however, has the Re publican party won prouder glory and more enduring nonor man impressing forward to the consummation of the great principal of Eqaality before the law, anaestaDlisning is lrrevocauiy iu our National Constitution.' Through alt the ages that are to coma - to thi3 land of ours, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments of the Constitution, will stand as monuments ot the rghts of all, a trinity of measures, working a triple safeguard for the poor and the humble.and nobly carrying out in cur supreme liw that God-given principle, " Whatsoever ye would that others should do ; unto you, do ye, even .go unto .them.' Now, if never before, we can declare as a-nation, that we have obeyed that command of the Creatof. .press! aimed amid the thunders of Sinai, "there shall be lut one manner of law for him that is born among you and tot the strsnzer," and henceforth, thacks to llepublicaa fidelity and, in epita ; of the bitterest opposition' from pur enemies at every etep,' the Couatitutioa, like the ten commandments and the Lord's Prayer, regards man as man, under the same equality before the human law' as he is before the divine law under .the tame obligations and entitled to the sami privilege?, whether the wealthiest 'or the poorest, the moat powerful or the humblest of all our millions of citizens. S Fortunate indeed was-: it for our countiy that ithad'-a party, which dared to defy prejudice, to brave obloquy, to hazard ; even political destruction, for the right Slavery had long ruled the land. It had dominated in Cocgress. It had controlled Presidents. It had diotatod both our foreign and domestic policy. It had captured our Supreme Court. . ' It had muzzled pulpits." . It bad broken every party that - would not bend before it, but, in the darkest hour of the war it brought upon us for having dared to decide against the extension of its already broad area and enormous power, the liepublican party, inspired as. I believe from that Throne, whence flow -all good impulses, determined to hurl themselves upon it, and ta bury , it with the rebellion which it had inspired, in a common crave. There wete fearful odds against us the battle "cront of the South, and the serried host of the Democracy of the North. From the latter especially,. came the bitterest denunciations, the most unsparing invective, the darkest prophesies of evil; ' Uut over all, ' and against all, we triumphed. The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified and pro claimed,' the dark stain of human bondage was erased from our national escutcheon, and the nation declared that wherever our flag floated over our soil, no one should bow to any master but liod. But it was soon seen thai; to give freedom without protectica would leave the still defiant enemies of liberty, power wherever they might control CouTts,. or Legislatures, or Administrations, to thwart this mandata of the people, and virtually to reenslave those whose fetters the cation had broken. And the IJourteenth Amendment, guaranteeing an equality ot civil rignts 10 an, wnn omer wise provisions, was proposed. The same war was made upon it by our enemies, as they had ineffectually made against the Amendment of freedom. But again the right triumphed, and the ratification of this amendment was proclaimed. While , this was still pending, it became evident that the universal suffrage of the Reconstruction acta ia the South, if allowed to stand only as Legislative enactments, might be overthrown, whenever, by any-' means a ' reiga - of terror at the polls or the occasional ebb and flow of i politics, a hostile majority could bo secured in any Southern Legislature; and besides this, the Republican organization realized at laBt more fully than ever before, that justice rtquired them to mako law pf equal suffrage, which had been enacted originally for the Confederate ,States, as : broad as our national domain. From these convictions of duty.the Fifteenth Amendment emanated. It conferred suffrage on no one. It dictated to no State what sex or age or residence should be required. , Rut ia a few impressive words. that trampled down all sophistries, all prejudices, all class distinctions,- and that fully recognized the epirit of the noble sentiment, of the Scottish bard that, in epite of "poverty or misfortune, ,or helplessness . ; .- 3 i A man'i a- man for a that." : " it declared to every State, as it proclaimed to all the world, that no citizen should hereafter be debarred from the ruht of suffrage oa account of race or color; that whoever was liable to be called on to die for his country ought to enjoy the right to vote for it, and that, as our lathers solemnly averred in the . Declaration of .Independence, so we solemnly and authoritatively declare in the National Constitution, "that all governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed,'.' and that no diatina ; tion of complexion should be grounds for civil or political ostracism. Again the warfare of" our" enemies upon ua was renewed. Again did the Republicans meet them before the people. Again did the Right triumph, and the pledge of 1863 that "we would make the' Dclaratian of Independence a liying reality on every inch of American soil." was. like all the rest, mag nificently "redeemed in this trinity of measures, giving Liberty to all Justice to . all Projection to all. And what a triple victory has thus been won for liberal and just and humane principles, over the spirit of oppression and caste. It is a victory where really no one has been injured or vanquished, but where the whole nation will reap the benefits. It is the establishment of human rights for millions, without depriving any one of his own. It has settled the question, not only for our own nation, bat for all countries and all-time. As our destruction. - of ; slavery, shook the foundations cf Human Bondage wherever it yet lingered ' in the world, eo our establishment of equal rights, by constitutional amendment, wfll be an incentive and an example to all who found' States hereafter, or who Eeek to regenerate nations, already existing, by the true principle of Popular Sovereignty. ; And is ibe arm ot National powsr, once under Democratic rule, stretched out poteoteniially over a whole continent to re

mand a flying fugitive to the plantation or the auction block from which he hsd escaped, so now, under Republican rule, and under a regenerated Constitution, the same National arm protects the humblest in all his rights, civil and political, with the ballot, the safeguard of the weak against the Btrong. We rejoice too that (he work of Reconstruction has ended. When tho last Congress opened its session, four States were still unrestored to their full relations with the Government, When it closed, every State had been declared entitled to representation in Corgress provisional goverBfiaenU had ended and everf

star upon our banner Bymboliz8d a estate. -. .; -. - PRESERVATION OF PEACE. Nothing thrilled and rejoiced the heart of t the country more than the last four words of Gen. Grant's letter of acceptance, " Let us have Peace." The nation longed for peace. It had realized, alas, how Eadly, what waf meant that war was carnage and desolation, death and destruction, widowhood and orphanage, vast debt and heavy taxes and it longed for peace Peace at-home and peace abroad peace throughout the .South and obedience to national law peace with all the world -and obedience to international hw. Although this hope has not ,,been fully realized throughout the South though the old virus still manifests itself in too many localities yet jl rejoice that there is a marked improvement in thet region generally, from 1SG3, when there were 190 unpunished mur derers of Union men in Texas, and over 200 in Louisiana, and when the electoral votes of Louisiana and Georgia were carried for the Democracy by the : most bold and shameless intimidation of both white aud colored Republican voters. And thi President has preserved us from entaogling complications and antagonisms abroad. While frankly stating in his-mes.-age, hia sympathy with the people of Cuba, straggling for independence, he refused to stepoutsid; the limitations of international law by which we are restricted, and showed all foreign powers by our conduct what should have been theirs, when ' this nation was embroiled in civil strife. . Criticised severely as he was for this conduct, by those whose absence of executive responsibility gave them opportunity for expressing their . sentiments more , freely, yet the .sober ' judgment of the jeoplo has long since thorougby i approved his course. A single step outside of what we have been insisting for years was tho duty of neutrals ia such a struggle, if it had happened to embroil us with Spain or any other nation that would have hastened to become her ally against us, and more war, more bloodshed, more debt, more taxes, more derangement of busiinesa, higher premium oa gold, and the checking" of our work of rational development, would have , taught us then, if we did not know it before, that the course of the President was an "exceeding better way." ; So, too, when the great European war broke out the President issued his Proclamation of Neutrality, Now that we did not have our eyni pathies" in this struggle as in the other.- But there is a ceutrality of action which differs from a neutrality of feeling. And we could not forget that when our National life was ia peril, thero was a Napoleon who invited other nations to help him crush it out, while there was a William and a Bismarck who expressed their hopes for our triumph, and a German people who alone of all other cations in Europe, purchased our bonds, and joined with us in the risk as to their ultimate value. While drawing this contrast, let me add that I look upon the war itself with inexpressible sadness. I am opposed to all wars for the redress of fancied wrongs, for territorial aggrandizement, to change or maintain an assumed balance of power. I recognize only one kind of war as justifiable in this civilized and enlightened era of the world, and that is war for the preservation of national existence. Such a war is a sacred war; but all others are-carnivals of anguish and misery; of mutilations and bloodshed; of broken hearts and crowded graveyards, over which devils, and not men, may rejoice. ; And while I believe with Is.iog William, that "the judgment of the Almighty aod of men will fall on any one who forces in!o-a war of devastation two great aod peaceable nations," and while I regard this war as the most cruel and needless of all wars, I have rejoiced that, in a single night, the Empire of Napoleon, organized on broken oaths of fidelity.to . the Republic . he overthrew, has passed away, and that a Rapublie has been organized in its stead. For I am one of those who believe a Republican government possible everywhere, amongbt intelligent people, where its chief officers exercise their duties with wisdom "and moderation, and justice ti all. And I shall rejoice still more if Germany the land of free thought and intellectual cultureshall bo as united henceforth from the North Sea to the Bwarian Alps, as war made the Fatherland in this - struggle working out with in creased popular liberty, , an even mightier - destiny, in the fatare, through peaceful industry, liberal institutions, tsnd haroiooious self government. ! ; ',;'" H,', ... . u , QEN, PACKARD. ' '' I have thus striven to show " you' how fully, how undeniably indeed, a Republican Administration and Congress have redeemed every pledge of the exciting campaign of two years since. And it gives me pleasure to add that, ia all this work, your Representative, Gen. Packard, has been a faithful and active co-laborer, and by -vote, and speech, and influence,, contributed materially to its success. Always to be found at his post of duty, in Committee and in the House, always laborious in attending to the large quantities of Department business Eent him by his constituents; always prompt and faithful in bis aotionnui his totes; he won a reputa-i tion there. 6econd to none of his fellow members who are, like him, serving a first term of public life. And I predict for him, ia his second Congressional term,, to which you are about to elect him, a still more brilliant .career,.' which will honor the District that thui confides ia him, ani of which you will all have a right to be proud.- '- - ' REPLIES TO ATTACKS. " ' I now proceed to a brief review of attacks upon us by our opponents, to which I have not heretofore alluded. . ' " ' " The first is in regard to" Land Grants the policy of granting alternate sections of public lands for building railroads, and thus opening up our va3t interior to settlement, doubliog the price of the sections , reserved by th Government. Whether this policy i3 wise or fenwise, it is of Democratic birth, and its history, for many years, is a "Democratic history. It was inaugurated by a Democratic Congress under the lead of Stephen A. Douglas, then the ackoowleded 1 eadtr or me xsemocrauo party, in the famous grnt for the

Illinois Central Railrosr'i. And the records of th last Democratic Administration, (Buchanan's) are full of grants for Railroads in Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa snd Minnesota; while the same record shows the veto by the 6anre Democratic President, and the killing, lor the time, of the Homestead bill, when passed by the svetes of Republicans and Western Democrats, and the stratge denunciation of his Democratic Secretary cf the Interior against it.

as calculated to give an undue stimulus to emigration." Strange as it may seem to those who hear Democratic speeches of thia year. Land Grants fcrRailroads were not regarded as heterodox by them up to July 4. 1863. -Their very last Democratic National Platform, then made, spoke unanimous jupon this t subject 83 follOWSU :yr-- : -.isi "When grants of public lands may be allowed necessary for tJie encouraaement cf .important nullie - improve ments, the proceeds of the sale of such lands, and not .the lands themselves, should be so applied." . , , T This qualification does not affect the principle of aid by grants ia encouragemenf of building Railroads, and instead of any wofds of condemnation, -such ''encouragement" ws recognized by the unanimous voice of the Democracy of the United States, when last assembled ia National Convention, to be' NCES3ARY." Until they amend that platform, I submit that they are bound by it. ' -; . z For Railroad and Internal Improvements, before the Republican parly obtained power, over City mil lions of acres had been granted under Democratio Administration, without any homestead rights whatever on the alUrnate stcticms,toMch were reserved by the Uovernment.. Nor was thia all, Vast grants of lands, assumed to be swamp lands, though a great propor tion were not. Lad been given under Democratic Administrations. not to ac tual settlers of course . but to the States 9 millions of acres to Louisiana, a millions to Arkansas, 41 millions to Michigan, 2 millions to Mississippi, It millions to Missouri, a millions to Illinois, li rniU'.ns to Indiana, mil lion each to Florida and Alabama, It millions to Wisconsin, &c, &c." How these Democr&ue grants were used. let their hisUty in Indiana aL3wer With the incoming of a Republican Administration, the homestead principle at last trinmphed. and was ap plied to our entire domain of publio lands; and, although the Land Grant system of the Democracy was contin ued, there was incorporated ia it, as never otjore. me xiomestesa principle en the reserved sections, proffering to all settlers, free farms on the public land, which by the riulroads. were brought near to a market, and thus opened to settlement. 1 need scarce ly add more on this head, except to eay that pu&lio opinion eeems now to unmistakably call for a cessa tion of these grants, so ss to give the fullest scope to the Republican Home stead system, and to require railroads henceforth to follow, rather than to attempt to lead; our advancing column of settlements ia the West. The next great attack is on the Tariff. From their cocstantdenun -oiation of all the details ot the Inter ual Revenue system, which became necessary to maintain our credit, to keep our flag flying, and to pay and couip our armies, as well as of the Tariff, it would seem as if they believ ed with the famous Barney Blim, that "we should abolish all our tariffj and taxes, and just pay our expenses out of the treasury. While every Ktpublican Congress sincethewar has been steadily reducing our internal taxation 05 mil lions in 18GG 40 millions ia 13G7 03 millions in 18G8. and 55 millions in 1870223 millions in all. Congress commenced, also, at the last session, the work of reducing the most bur densome duties of the Tariff, as I have shown. 1 do not regard this canvass as one turninz on Free Trade or Pro tection. Oar guiding principle is the pledge I Lave quoted from the Republican National platform of 1SGS, that taxation should be equalized and re duced as rapidly as the national faith will permit : ' and I think a fair stand ard in arranging the details of a Tariff can be found embodied in tho last llepublicaa platform cf four Western Republican States, almost idtntical in language as they are in spirit; The resolution ot the last iiepublica:i Con vention of Indiana is as fellow i: . .. "A tariff forrevenui; believing that a proper, adjustment of the duties must necessarily afford all the incidental protection to which any inter' est is entitled." , .- The last Republican Convention in Ohio thus spoke; ' ,.. '. 1 : r .. "That a tariff of revenue is indispensible, and should be so aJjusted as to be the least prejudicial to the in dustrial and producing interests of any clasa or section, while securing the noma producer a fair competition against the foreign produoer." '" The last Republican Convention in Iowa, ia almost the same language, but more specifically in ", its closing words, resolved : . - . . - .. That a tariff for revenue ia Indiapensible, and should be eo adjusted as not to Decome prejudicial to the industrial interests of any clas3 or eection of the country, while securing to our home producers fair competition with loreigo eapital and labor." The last Republican Convention in Michigan resolved: . ; : , " - -"Now, since the war has made larger revenues necessary, duties should be so adjusted aa to be least prejudicial to the industrial and producing interests of every class and section, securing to the home producer a fair cosipetitioa against foreign capital and labor.' Y . Whykot?, It may be well to analyze our receipts under the Tariff and see how they are divided. ; Of the 164 millions received during the . year ending July, 1869, (I have no analytical classification of the last vear as yet) 41 millions, about one quarter of the whole, were collected on luxuries, Euch as silks, shawls, spirits, wines, tobacco, furs, fancy articles, jewelry, diamonds, &o. We certainly, with our large financial necessities, should obtain from these it ms all reasonable revenue. About 55 millions, one-third, were collected on articles, which the poor consume as largely, man per man, as the rich, namely, tea,1 coffee, sugar and molasses, the tariff on wbieh is largely red need by the legislation of last session ; audi hope, as to tea and coffee at least, may soon been-' tirely abolished, giving a free break fast" to every "man's cabin in theJ land. About -11 million?, one-lourth, were collected on iron and steel, cotton and woolen goods, flax and hemp, leather, lead; glass and sal!;. The rest are miscellaneous, not classified under these three divisions, and among tbem watches, oil3, books, and a host of email items. : The difference that exists in the public toindj and in the Republican rank, is mainly as to the third ' -ilass, on which 41 millions were collected ; but, except with these who may insist on extreme positions, the spirit of the platforms quoted above seems sufficient to reconcile conflicting views. Nor loes it mtcesmri'y antagonize 'with the Itlinos pjattorro, whicb,

while demanding "the lightest bur-" dens and fewest restrictions as tbe best protection to industry" concedes that "the promotion of the public welfare" can rightly be considered iu tax laws. Is there anything ucjast to any one, when adjusting the duties by which our imperativelyjneeded revenue is raised, in so discriminating, withia a revenue limit, as "to secure home producers fair competition with foreign capital and labor." especially in regard to the great iron, cotton and woolen

manufacturing interests of tho coun try I - Thess manufactures are quite indispensable to real National Independence. Without them, we should be almost as dependent, if foreign war burst upon us, as if we bad to import eannon, rifles and 1 gunpowder from abroad. Our home production of pis iron rose from tho average pf 800,000 tons during Buchanan's term,' to the average cf cne million six hundred thousand tons per veardurinar the last four years, and the last year to nearly two millions. Balieving it could main tain "a fcir competition with foreiim capital and labor," at a reduced tariff, Congress, at tbe last session, cut down the duties upon it from 59 to S'7 per ton. and ca scrap iron from i'Sto ib. a redaction of about 25 per cent. ihe wages ot labor in this country ought certainly not to be overlooked in adjusting the details of a 1 anff, if it is to be promotive, and not subver sive, ct the publio welfare. A sup plement to Commissioner Wells last report from the Bureau of 'Statiatic3, shows ia elaborate tables, that these wages are eighty per cent, hisher here than in England, and the di?paritv with the wages in continental Europe is much greater. - , -s Should we legislate so as to compel the reduction of labor wages to aoy thing near these standards? I think not. 1 have no sympathy with tbe doctrine that cheap labor here would be promotive of American development or American prosperity. ,, When the laborer is adequately- remunerated, able to enjoy the necessaries and com ions or'iue, witn aDinty to lay up something tor tbe luture. and with his labor in demand, we will always find contentment and consequent pros perity. Y hen this is -not the case, destitution and pauperism afilict and dishonor the land. , ' j Suppose we had-imported these two millions of tons of pig iron from abroad. -Three-fourths ot all the fifty 011111083" we paid for it. would have been lor forpiga labor, foreiga bread stuffs, foreiga meat, vegetables, cloth ing, etc., used , by the .laborer while producing' it, and we should have paid for it in gold. ' Would", this have been better than paying it : ia labor wages here, and for the breadstuff's. meat, vegetables, eto., purchased of our farmers and consumed by , our laborers here? . While our financial necessities therefore require money to be raised by a tariff, and while any duties found to be redhibitory, or creasing too heavily on the consumer or creating a monopoly in any branch ot business should be reduced, I sincerely believe that revenue duties with a fair regard to the development of. our resources, and the maintainanco of American wages for labor, the just interests of both Producers and consumers, and the promotion of the general welfare, could be, with some abatement ct ex tremc views on either side, quite fairly and easily harmonizsd. Aod, on tbe other band, those disposed to reject all medium ground, and who refuse to give any weight to considerations growing out of our financial needs for revenue, or the wae-es of labor in our country, can find cause for complaint ia aoy tarili that could be enacted, Another point is " paying the bonds in greenbacks." The gradual approximation of gold and greenbacks is lessening the value of this proposition to those who use it, but it may be well to briefly refer to it. The bonds and the greenbacks are both evidences of - rational indebtedness. In. both eases, tbe United ; States promise to pay to the holder a certain amount, in the former with interest, and in tbe latter without interest. Any nation, which should seriously resolve to pay off one of its debts with anotber of its debts, could never borrow again of anyone, in war or in peace especially if the proposition was to pay: off -Us interest bearing debt, with ' another of its debts, which did not bear interest. Such a. proposition by an individual, in regrd- to his debts, would be regarded as absurd , as it would be base. v c have a solemn promise. too, in our legislation, when wo were borrowing, and seeking to strengthen our credit, that there should never be more than four hundred millions of gieenbaaks issued, with fifty mil lioas tr temporary emergencies. And the Supremo Court of tbe United States have deoided, ia which very Democratio Judge concurred, that greenbacks, even issued ia timo of war, cannot be made legal tender for any debt already exlstmg; while the opinions pronounced at the same time by tbe minority of the Ccurt indicated plainly that the whole bench would unanimously decide any issue Of legal tenders in time of , peace as unconsti tutional. v ' - -; '-. ; v -. We are sometime told however, that money which ' is good enough for the soldier --is srood enough for the bondholder." And to this I answer that Conorest increased pay of the soldier from $13 to 16 per month. where it now 6tands, on tte express grounds of the depreciation of tlte cur rency, and oar average paid to pen sioners has ' been, largely increased, not it i3 true, by any. increase in the 13 per month pensions, but by paying larger amounts to those wnonava iosi limba or eves, cr suffered disabilities equivalent thereto, "and by an addition of 24 per year tor eacn cnua oi a dead soldier two features ia our Pension laws entirely unknown to all Administrations of the past. ; , . - AnniWr crv of our opponents is nriww wrTn the banks." I do not regard the National Bank -system as absolutely perfect, butwbea compared with the old system of ' generous confidence Banks" which it superceded, tbe contrast ia its favor is immeasur able. Some State3, like ours, had a sound Bank currency, cn which the discount, when you traveled J jast with it, was smau ; cat toe wen rememhPTti losses, br millions on millions. of holders of bills of New Banks, and ild cat Hanks r the most of the States, make them compare most un favorably with the bills of the National Banks which have always been as good a thousand miles away as - at home, and on which no man has yet lost ft farthing, as the government has had ample security in its own vaults to redeem every dollar of tie circulation of the most unfortunate. - It the banks could be destroyed, the first result would be the lorced collection at once of all their six hundred millions or loans to the dusiness Imen of the country, resulting ia a sfrfngency and panic without a parallel ia our history. The next would f. iriat. unless our ODDoaenta confis cated tbe bonds which the banks own and which are now deposited in the Treasury as security for their circulatioo.the nation would have to pay the interest on them exactly as heretofore.

The next would be, as their capital and business are by law taxable by the nation, by States, counties and citiep, the,eighteen millions of dollars per year, now paid by them "as national and local taxes, would all be thrown away. And the next would be that, as the Supreme Court would decide all further issues of greenback legal tenders unconstitutional, we should have a sudden curtailment of curren

cy, wrecking all the business cf iha country, and producing ILe iaott widespread financial disasters. Need1 I dwell any longer oa tins measure of xjemocrauc reiormr. Another charec made by Gen. Mor gan, in the Oiiio canvass, and echoed by tac entire Democratic press, is that there are balances on the Treasury books against 310 Collectors of Rev enue (nearly all that have ever been in office) and that they are therefore dilaulters by tho million. To this I need only reply that all assessments are charged against tho Collector?, even though tbey may be in litigation, or against insolvent?, or in any way uncollectable, and remain thus charged, like the delinquent taxes on your .Treasurer's books, or the ac counts of your army Quartermasters, Captains, &a., until Lcallyadjasted, and stricken from the record. And. that, ia the few cases of defalcations under- this 'Administration, - suits against the officer and his. securities have been promptly instituted. 1 ' Frankly and fully I have thus re viewed tho results of this administration, and replied without a word cf bitterness, to the charges of its enemies.' ' Why. let me ask in conclusion. should the administration be rebuked. or; the. Republican Congress driven from, power What do you desire above ail things from your Governmcn'.r is it not tho faithful execution of the laws, the maintainanco of peace, economy ia administration, honeBty in officials, the preservation of tho national honor, and all possible relief from publio burdens? And' have I not shown that, ever since the Executive and Legislative - Departments were brought into harmony and political accord by the inauguratioo of President Grant, these essentials of a good covernment have betn real ized? -The scandals which previously dishonored the administration, have ceased, . Tbe taxei have beea frkhlully collected. The debt has been steadily 'reduced.' The .national expenses have been - retrenched. The national . credit has improved. The burdens of the people have been largely reduced. And those priceless words, honesty' and economy, are writtea oa the portals of the White House.' . , ?. - : - But I have noticed " recently, as a last card of our opponents, the preparation by theirNational Democratio Committee, of sampletcards of goods. with the amount of their cost in geld in European Nations, under their cheap wages of labor, and their price here in currency, under oar American wages of labor. It 13 hard to em what tbey expect to gain by this. : If theym3aa that this disparity could be remedied by cheaper wages for labor here, it might explain, why, when Sanator Stewart, of Nevada, and other .distinguished Republicans sought to pss3 a bill at the last cession prohibiting tho importation, under contract of servile labor, and strengthening the law passed by tho llepublicaa Congress of 1S62 which was in tended to prevent the Coolie system cf fdavcry in this couatry, prominent t Democratic Senators talked against time.day after day, condemning its details, and Coding fault with its provisions as not satisfactory to them, until at last the great, pressuro of tbo annual appropriation bills caused it to be postponed ti.l the next session. I will not araume that their 1 object was to seek te manufacture political capital for the canvass out of it; but I do say that their unwillingness to eo-operate in a reasonable bill -that could have' been passed, and their prolonged and antagonizing speeches, when time was so valuable, and in a body where no previous question existed to stop an interminable debate, caused the postponement for the session of the bill I have referred to. As to the value to tbe country of adequately remunerated labor I have already Bpoken," and need rot repeat the argument. - i Whatever the oljiot of this electioneering device may be, I have one comprehensive answer to. mako to it. That for every dollar the nation bas to pay for interest on tbe public debt, for every dollar of .taxation, internal and external, over the ordinary and economical expenses of the ejvern ment, a Democratio'rebellion is re sponsible. I do not deny that there are and were, many patriotic men in side of the Democratic party. , It is not my habit to arraiga them, Bweepingly and en masse, as their last Na tional Democratic Platform arralirue all of us as guilty of "corruption and extravagance exceeding ; anything Known in, , history,, and ; un paralleled .oppression and tyran ny; . and ; that it t we won m that national contest thoy would have to 'meet as a subjected and con quered people, amid the ruins of lib erty and the scattered fragments of the Constitution! But no matter what good men may still remain in its ranks, I speak of the Democratic party, its organization, its inspiration, its leadership, and its history. That is. known ot all men and cannot be denied. Three points in illustaation of its responsibility, as a party, for the Rebellion, and the prolonged conflict to suppress it caa never be argued away.' .- ..;.- .-- ' First. Every State which rebelled had a Democratic Governor. Every Executive officer of the Confederacy was a Democrat, its l'residcnt, vico President, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of the Navy and Postmaster-General, without an exception. . 'Every leading commauder of ..its artcrcs was a Dcm-. ocrat, Lee, Beauregard, Waua JlamptonStonewall Jackson, Pembcrtoo, Ex-Democratio Vice President Breckenridge, Hood, Sidney Johnson and all. Of, only .the Republican party can it be said, that not a Hogle one pvpri R-.cne.ti an ordinance of eeces'tion, or fired on our flag, orshot down its defenders. . ; - ft. I The administration ' ' in power, wlich could haro crushed it in its inception, but did not was Demo cratic. Its President, liucnanan, gave it aid and comfort by proclaiming in of December. ltW. that "the Constitution has not delegated to Congress, or ny other department of the Government, the power to cocrca a State into submission, which is attcmctinsr to withdraw, or Las ac tually withdrawn from the Confeder acy," as he called the United States j and that "the sword was not placed ia their hand3 to preserve it (the Union) by force." It was a Democratic Sec retary of War, who emptied Northern arsenals of guns and filled Southern i arsenals with them, thus amirs; the South and also disarming the North. It was a Democratio Secretary of the Navy who scattered our navy to the ends of the earth. It wai a Demo cratic Secretary of the Treasury who Btaooea our nauonai credit in that dark bour.sa he boped, to ita death. Third. Every man ' who la tU

i'vortb, iboufc-J "iio coon-Ion 'every one who r-redicteC that the jU-ldi-on could not - be siriprcssJ, every one who denounced a 1 rncaurf devi-o ! lcr its orer throw, every oca v h instiscd the brave soldiers as Lincoln hirelings, every ( no who deinan-kd at the very cris;s cf the war an immediate cessation of Lostilitios and insisted . that the war was a failure ns revived on in t!,e Natior:;! K m-

ocrauo piatioria cl l.-Ji, rv, who bracdeJ the faithful Liu a Nero or Culij-ah, v. a 3 a Dei. ry one iu!a as -ci ..t in uh Lis kuuu uuu regular stanaiD." v, party. Nor caa it U ..uigoUcu tl,a Jeff Divis dec oi need Cocere confiscation, wh.io the CorJ. were con-eatir- Ucion -ac-J e-rty, they were D.:uiocrati who that denunciatio i when Je." indulged Lis wiathi'jl exjl.t tho employment of colored t to help put dovn hia trenc were Djmoerats vI-o 4-d v .: . r i. . t ,r iv w hen -ional !c-L5cy T-rop-'iOe-1 X Davis '.. v- -t at K-iiiers eo, they s c athoVi oalaS ' i V li rt .ca Jeff a tnona ' . wL o artmatized tie E aaociratign mation, they were De&vocl. J IT . 1 . ecaoeu 1.1a auain?iaa and viavis fciaLJi re l ljiceoia as Etcr, &e ,, they .vcrel).; repeated his ia vcc'Irc 'i Bteadofa tLcroi,L!y u-.i which coul 1 .-.- " cr - . .rth, C '3:ic l spirsey in a ye-i t 1 I a xortb, and lor .Lis jr.!,') with its tcrriti j 1 -. . i i i i i treasure, ihcfe, 'Lo : -i . 1 stated, were rc-r:-r ' 1 For our debt, t! . n: u, r.r 1 our r. l - liOWt'.e :j ..:a in, 1 cr i) rcon i i.fi f.L 1 III taxes, tbey a-ave tbo bility, and caum t c, cards, nor sc-phiitry, n i . it. r. i. v. Ircm it. And v. h. o !;:-.-! every stamp yo i ut cut a mottgagc is a Ft ic.i j !-. ' mind you of a 1 l . i r.-.t.j r. Democratio ia it? cri is. r t ficers Deraocritia i:j sympathy it recc ive 1 i and sorrowed over, un . 1 1 t! c W i i 0 ! .t V :i s crushed by our Lallarjt i.r.. by Democrats. . In fact, for tha last twenty has seerr e 1 inir o : illc lor t! i rs it ,s Dfinocratic org-imzat on, as a f ; rty, t-j get on tbe right sid-i of any U-n uvw or old. When Birder ilu.-n the people cf JCias&s from t! and by frauduleat votes f ! slavery. Lcg'mlat are, and Una' s c.-ove . ir polhs, i a proV fought to lmpo.io a ha'elul Constitution, establishing slavery iu-to ca a jirtpi. who almost ui y , 1 it,, the Dctiicer-' 3 j (''npioned thu vi " I' " hen Ml 1BL J they . 'i thf u 3 ca-ia-., was u ti- . 1. 1 sIt I tbe Drca bott cd to mako aUwry r all powerful, aa )u ' I, cordially coder-- 1 r. A 1 V i the war, every i ' i Tit) i the nation's ar li r I k it' ciiiy'f, wLeihei c-j . Hi i i ( r ( ciration, cr co re 1 f !i , , in tbeir opinio i, ll , tutional, and fi Scaly When the war tlo camo up. whet i r t1 rot ' t -1, Lr i 1 " should ba rct ire 1 t very rnca who 1 1 . tive, Legislati- c f i t Ju to organize the rc-L' h its armies, or v li tl i 6hould bo i u i trary, to tr;i'n. t" It 1s 1 ( loyal to tho Unioi, t' - 1' io party, iotticc'i-vt : ' ' i former. When tax rlaws became a uc . ervaticn of t ic i ,'i they warred u.i n t!l tl wicked and lyr it.i ir !. 8 ' J i f ;; i fi-i ll ,!1 interest oo tl o natiuii only bo honestly 1 - ui 1 1 ly tbe world tn.it our ii:r. would bo sacridly l nut, fciffbejt noiut bv all 1 :x r 1 1 : s , their need U'i if i those who kxtui tho ,Q)on-y they were sw.ndiers, aod in every possible way B0us;!it to j-.i-iom the publio rnin 1 spiiust t!icm. When our ; TCCoba(ks, w !;; j ultirtiato value they had formerly dlr-Tri-Lted, were rittiog ia value towards gold, they clamored "or i.-sucs cf hundreds or. thou.- -'id-.!., cf rriillioiid i.aoie, to verily their unfulfilled prcphfieiea of evil about them. Wt fi President Giant 'jommenced iajir.j off the debt with - the surr li.s reveaue.s that hia honett and efficient ol-ecrii had collected, they denounced l.i.s buying tho b-nJ.s at their current value io tlo market of the world. When a R 'publican Conre-.-i j I a bill rcduciig taxation eighty mil. lions per year, they register-, i their TOtcn, as a par y, rash p tit. WLea tho same Congrcsi j-aased a till t honestly raduca tl c iaterehtou cur LonJ.-i, by u. mutual arrangement with our creditors, it ty paying of c:;r old bonds with th- proceeds cl the new, thou t n t r t t p i I n s t if. A ' ! u n it 1 bill to enfrco tbo 11th and lodi Amendracats, with jonalties against evil deers and olio-a Jcr;, re-,iiited it witi vebe-tnenco nc i When It pa!! I laws lor tho n -tion cf rcUl 8 atcs to rtj rt.-jctit ia tho Union, the Doernry only they zcui. ratio j ,ernry condemned their provi them to the bitter end. v.'l.en ?v law to guard the ballot box n.t Nstional elections was j a puni.-jhk-'' iiieyil voting, Bhamel r-'p'-atin fi",-i Vau-i-ulent counting, they deucuncu 1 ,t an i its penalties, is if tbe cct.s itr-'- ;hcl were cot the wickedest cf rrUne-i against frco g( vcrnmect and r ; uhlicaa institutiot.s. And fifjally, when a war brok? oitia Euroj.c, t..t outraged the ui'-ral sentiment cf tbe world, and without r rovoc n'ion, Germany waa coo peliod to atu l ,r Uu protection of the Fatherland Jr.;ia invasion and dci poilrBcnt, their cj.iin7. organs, as last, nctivcly ss in ti:,3 otaer eases 1 havo sited, took tLa wron,.; side. Itia this party a party of reaction, of .lesitions, of arti--an op position who.- e leaders seen I-.t rciiccd that it t bll ever L ; on tJ.eu-Jo cf wroDg wh ch appeals to the jcoI la to-day to c othcthem wttii natioual power. 1 turn from this record, whii.u it,h.-n given me no p ea.-;aro to rcviow, to th-j record ot tte i.epu&uean t nty,-, hieh bas been written on the br.-htCHt paces oi oar n aion s hi.-tory. Ann 1 every posfibl-i f iabarra.rrerit an 1 stumbliog b!o k, it has tooc on in its noble worl. of Liherty and Hu manity, ot .J us ico aa-J iloiorui, t' ad - vanciog Prnprc si and itiosa! 1 - vdepement. Ihric years cf the tea hincc won its first ca'.iooal bislorr. a re creant Pros'tdo it ioehara.-fdlly wiel Ied the Execctivo po?;cr, that mistaken confidense and a i-ad a-a sioation bad given him, agaia-it t!i' party which had hot ored Lira L-w nt ij. scowai, as io w n uj votes lor renomaation, aoi ar en-Jorsiu; resolution, rom the iatic nal Convention ef th Democratio party that lour voars bofore hadso bitterly oj-posod his eleotiou. War, for which it was not re sponsible, ta l h led the land with graves, loaded it witu debt, rci.Jtre-1 unpopular tax itioa a kccc.- sity, nnd checked the National rrowth tul if stately itcppio?s towards it j miriilicent luture. . Jut, ia spito cf ail thes.e drawbacks, wl at has it dono for tho v-epubua. Look at tlo contract! Tea vears ago men were mobbed and tun - for stiyicg they prjferrci lroi-S.ua to Slavery. To-djy, Liberty i t.itbroued n our land. leayear'i n.'o. the over seer, tho Icsb, the cel. la and tl e auotioa block, "Ai-tuy, a raoa hitel fro:.:i

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