Evansville Journal, Volume 20, Evansville, Vanderburgh County, 27 May 1869 — Page 2

OAILY JOURNAL

PUBLISHED BY THK SYAXSYILLS JOUttNAL tOMPAXY, No. 6 Locust Street. F.vnuHVlIle. THURSDAY . MAY jlI, 1809. The Courier is much mistaken when it calls the Nashville Banner the State organ of the llepublican party in Tennessee. The Banner has been one of the most unscrupulous opponents of that party. Senator Morton's Argument. We give up much space this morning to the able argument of Senator Morton oa the Law of Quorums For several years Indiaui has baen annoyed and damaged by insubordinate Legislatures. The " breaking of a quorum " has assumed a chronic form, and the people look for it now about as regularly as for the convening of the Legislature. The clause in the Constitution of the Sfate desig nating two-thirds of the members of each branch of the Legislature as necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, has heretofore been coostrued to mean two thirds of ail the members to which either branch of the Legislature is entitled. Senator Moeton, it will be seen, takes a different view, and sustains his opinion with powerful argument. We urge our readers to give the Senator's discussioa of the question a candid reading. ' We are gratified to know that this vexed question of quorum breaking is now in a fair way to be settled, and permanentaly. The legality of the passage of the Specific Appropriation Bill will come before the Supreme Court of our State" for decision, and the legality of the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment will be deter mined by Secretary Fisn, of President Grant's Cabinet, or by Congress, to whom the matter may be referred. It cannot be that both these tribunals will decide that a small minority of tho people of our State can overthrow tho Government of the State. If so, Congress does not guarantee to Indiana a Ilepublicau form of Government, which it is required to do under the Constitution of the United States. THE LIW OP QUORUMS. Argument by Senator Morton! KallQcatloH of Fifteenth Amendment ty hidlana Constitutional! To the Editor of the Indianapolis Journal: The Constitution of the State provides that the House shall not exceed one hundred members, nor the Senate fifty, and the Legislature has, by law, fixed the number of members of the House at one hundred, and the Senate at fifty. It 13 contended that under all circumstances a quorum of the House consists of sixty-seven members, and of the Senate thirty-four members, and that whenever, by resignation or other cause, the number or members in the House is reduced below sixty seven, or of the Senate below thirty-four, the legal character of the Legislature is destroye 1. In the early part of March, and before the necessary appropriation bills had been passed, tho Democratic member, to prevent the ratification of the Fifteenth Article proposed by Congress as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, resigned their seats, in the House to the number of forty-one, and in the Senate to the number of neventeon, thus withdrawing more than one-third of the members elect ed to each House, but leaving a clear majority in each of all the members elected or authorized by law to be elected. Governor Baker issued writ of election to fill the vacancies caused by these resignations, and in nearly every instance the members who had resigned were re-elected. The Governor then convened the Legislature in extra session, as he had a right to J.), and it re as-senibled on the 8th day of April, and again on the 13th day of May, the Democratic members, to the number of more than onethird of the members elected to each House, but less thau a majority, resigned their seats to prevent the consideration of the Constitutional Amendment. According to the construction contended for, seventeen members of the Senate or thirty four members of the House, cao, by resignation, destroy the existence of the Legislature, and if they are sustained by a majority of the people of their districts, may be re-elected and again resign, and thus, in effect, overturn the government of the State. If the Constitution of Indiana thus provides for it3 own destruction, it is high time the people should understand it, and take steps for its amendment. The question now presented is new in the history of the State. Heretofore the question of what constituted a quorum in the two Houses has been raised by the mere absence of members, and not by vacancies produced by the resignation of more than onethird of each or of both the Houses. And whatever popular notions on the subject may have grown up, have been with reference to attempts to break the quorum by mere absence and not by resignation. When members of either House are absent from their seats, the number required to constitute a quorum 13 unchanged. Tho absentees may be sent for and their attendance compelled ; but when the number of members is reduced by resignations or death, the question is changed; and it is in this aspect the subject is now. presented. The question as to the number which will constitute a quorum in each House is entirely distinct from that of the number required on the final . o . rriL i pusoage 01 a wit. iue Dumoer nec essary to constitute a quorum mav be trreaier or smaller, than the number -equird to pass a bill, as I shall show hereafter. The eleventh section of the third article of the Constitution declares that "two-third f each House shall constitute a quorum to do business Section fifth of the first; article of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows: "Each House shall V the judge of the elections, returns . .1 . r . t . " quanncauons ot its own incomers, anA majority of each shall constitute a quorum t0 do business." v , - j of each house is required to constitute aquorwroin the I v glslatn-re, but a majority of V wm constitute a quorum IherJfi.rf V- The fit question, 1 .. . " -MOW mono mom hsra aAn " Vtitute the House?'' I a Wi av ascertained that, '

then two-thirds of that number will j

constitute the quorum in the .Legislature or a majority in Congress. - The whole question turns upon what number of members may constitute the "House." If the House of Representatives consists only of one hundred members, then twothirds of one huadred or sixtyseven will be necessary for a quorum. But if it may consist of eighty members there beinz twenty vacancies two-thirds ot eighty, or fifty-tour, will constitute the quorum. Does it require all tne memDers elected, or authorized by law to ba elected, to constitute the House? Clearlynot. If it were so. then State Legislatures er the Congress of the United states would seldom have an organized or legal existence. Legislative bodies, especially those composed of large numbers, are seldom lull. It happens, a great part of the time, that there are vacancies in every legislative body, growing out of the failure to elect, contested elections, resignations, or death. When va cancies occur by resignation or death, they are never filled without some dVlay, and oftentimes last throughout the session. Legislative bodies are organized and croceed to business while scats are left vacant, because of the failure to elect, failure tj quality. or contested elections. And yet in s!l these -cases th3 members that actually appear and qualify, or those that remain after the death or resig nation of others, are held to consti tute the " House." and to possess legal existence as a legislative body. " The law provides for the election of one hundred members to thelJouse of Representatives of this State. If from any -, cause, there should be failure to elect in ten counties, and the number of members actually elected should be only ninety, yet wheu they meet and organize they would constitute the House be yond all Question, and two-thirds of the "House," by the express lan guage of the Constitution, would form a quorum. Ur, if one hundred mem bers be elected and take their seats and ten of them afterwards die or re sign, the remaining ninety would con stitute the liouse. 1 his is a nec essary law to all legislative bodies for full numbers can seldom be main tained. Therefore the " House," tin der either Constitution, does not con sist of the whole number of members elected or authorized by law to be elected, but of the whole number 0 actual members. If, when the House meets, there be one hundred members elected aud qualified, it would require sixty seven to constitute the quorum. If, on the next day, two members should die, the remaining ninety-eight would consti tute tho " House," and two-thirds of that number sixty-six would con stitute the quorum. If, on the third day, forty members resign, the re maining fifty eight will constitute the House, and forty wiil constitute the quorum. The number necessary to constitute a quorum will, therefore change from time to time with the actual membership of the " House The quorum is intended to maintain a proportion of members present to the actual membership, and not to the number of members authorized by law to be elected. Section 18 of Article IV reads as follows: "Every bill shall be read by sections on thrco several days iu each House, unless, in case of emer goncy, by a vote of two-thirds of the liouse where such bill may be de pending, it shall be deemed expedient to di-penso with this rule. I he cor lsponilinn provision in the old Con stitution of 1816, was in these words "Every bill shall be read on three several days in each House, unless, by a vote of two-thirds of the House where the bill may be depending, shall deem it expedient to dispense with, this rule." It has never been the practice, under cither Constitu tion, that tho suspension of the rules required sixty seven votes in the House or thirty lour in the benate although the phraseology is precisely the same with that employed in th eleventh section of the fourth article which declares that two-thirua o each House shall constitute a quorum io do business. 11 the phrase two thirds of each House means sixty seven membcrsin tho House of Kepre sentatives and thirty-four ia the Sen ate to make a quorum, it would mean the same thiog tor the suspension ot the rules, which has been settled the other way. By section fourteen of article four two thirds of either House may expel a mem her. it by two-thirds 0 tither House is meant sixty seven votes in the House and thirty-four in the Senate, then a Representative could never be expelled by less than sixty-seven votes, or a Senator by less than thirty lour votes, which 13 not contended for by anybody. If it were so, and the-House of Representatives were reduced to sixty-seveu members it would require the vote of every one to expel a member lor corruption, in eluding that of the culprit himself and his expulsion wouid destroy the Legislature. But it is said this view cannot bo maintained, because by the twenty-fifth section of the seventh article of the Constitution it is pro vded that a majority of the mem bers elected to each House shall be necessary to pass every bill or join resolution." That under this section fifty-one votes would be required to pass a bill, and therefore that the quorum could never consist ot les than hfty-one members. It will be observed that the language of this seetion is entirely different from that of the eleventh section, which pro vides for the quorum. The eleventh section declares that ' two thirds o each 7wu.seshall constitute a quorum ; but this section- declares that a nvi joritu of a I the members elected to each House shall be necessary to pa every bill or 1 Jint resolution. 1 hi?, there lore, is an independent and arbitrary provision, regulating thctmal passage of bills and joint resolutions, and has nothing whatever to do with theques non ot the quorum. Again, in section II of the Fifth Article the votes of a "mainritv of ait tne members o.XcoApA to nsr-h 11 .- . - - liouse are required to puss a bil over the (jrovernor s veto. In the 1 section ot Article 16 the Legislature oy tne votes ot a " majority of th mciuuers elected to each of the two nouses may submit to the neonl propositions to amend the Constitu . - t 'S'11". " is provided in tne tn section ol Article 6, that State officers may be removed from onice tor crime, incapacity, or negli gence, by impeachment or joint reso lution, " two-thirds of the members elected to each branch voting. either cae, therefor." "Two-third ol the memhjrs elected to each branch or liouse is a very differen statement from " two-thirds of each House, and is obviously used in different sense. " Two-thirds of each House refers to its present or aetua condition, while "two thirds of the members elected to each branch" or House re.'ers to the number originally elected, but which may have been reduced by resignation, death, or ex pulsion. It is a two-tniras vote in eacn case, but two-thirds of different aggregates.

In the one case it is two-thirds of the actual membership of the House, whether it consist of one hundred or

sixty members. In the other, it is two-third9 of the members originally elected, which number may have been greatly reduced. It it had been intendea that the quorum should consist of two thirds ot all the members elected, or authorzed bv istw to be elected to each House, the Constitution would have said so, with the same particularity that is used in' specifying the number of votes necessary to pass abm. propose amendments or iuipsaeh a State officer. The very particu;arity used in these cases shows clear'y that the phruse " majority of the House," or "two-thirds of the House," would not convev the meaning ues.retL Ihe Constitution of Ohio declares tiitt "a majority of all the members elected to each House shall constitute a quorum to do business," and . then in' other parts uses the phraea, "a majority of each liouse," a:id "twothirds of each House," in the, suuae sense in which they are employed in the Constitution 01 Indiana, and in that of the United States. The quorum, therefore, my consist of a less number than is required to pass a bill, but the effect of the provision which requires the votes of a majority of all the members elected to eiich Houe to pass a bill is: that whenever the Legislature is so reduced as to consist of a less uumber than the ma jority of the members elected to each Home, it shall bo incapable ot txuaL legislation. Legislative powers are said to be iucapable of annihilation. It caartot be presumed that it was the intention of the framers of our Constitution to place it in the power of tha minority, by faction? resignations or otherwise, to defeat the will of the people, and inlfact to destroy the Constitution itself. It was not intended tbat a minority of a people of the State, "living in a lew counties, stuuid have tuj power, by the re-election of members of the Legislature, who continue to resign from time to time., to deprive the rest of the people of jhe protection of the laws and !ot such legislation as their prosperity and happiness Dijy require. While it could never have been designed that the rights of the majority should thus be nlaced in the power of the minority, legislation by a mere Rump 'has been guirded against by the provision which requires the votes of a majority of all who have been elected to cither House for the final passage rf a bi! or joint resolution. TI13 Filteenth Article proposed by Congress as an amendment to the Constitution of the United Stites was ratifle l by a clear majority of all the members elcctrd to each House. It rccaived tweatyeeven votes out of fifty in the Senate, and fifty five out of one hundred in the House. Tne Constitution of the State has been complied with, nor only in let ter, but in spirit. Tho wiil of the majority, which is the very essence cf republican government, ha3 declared in favor cf the amendment, and all that can be compl iiued of is, that a factious minority has not not been allowed to defeat their action. I will now proceed to slow that the foregoing principles, which I have applied to the Constitution and Lagislaturc of Indiana, have been f ully recognized by Congress as applicable to the Constitution of the United States. As before quoted, the Cunstitutiou of the United States declares that "a majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business.". It is a majority in one case, and two thirds in the other, which constitutes the quorum ; but the question as to what constitutes the " House" is the same in each caso. It is a mnjority!'!of what? or two-thirds of what .The principle is clearly rceonizl by the action of both Houses of' Congress, that each Ilouso con.-i.sts of its ac tual membership. Not of the members who may have been elected and not qualified, not of the members who may be authorized by law to be elected; but of those who are existine-, qualified members. The express rule ot the Sen ate declaratory of thrf tik au ing of the Constitution of the Uuittd States, is in these words: -AquoruTti shall consist of a majority of the Senators duly chosen and sworn." - The adoptiou of this rule in ljwll was preceded by elaborate debate,' irt which it was opposed upon ihe precise groucd that a "majority of eon House" meant a majority of all the members of which the Senate -or House of Representatives was authorized by law to be composed; and it was supported upon the precise cround that a '"majority of each liouse" meant a majority of actual members. Members resigned, members chosen, but not s;worn, members contesting for seats, but not yet admitted, or vacancies, are not counted in making up a quorum. I am not aware that the House of Represenaitives has any express rule upon the subject, but it recognizes the rule of the Senate precisely in practice, and did so by common consent before the adoption of the rule by the Senate. In each case, the actual membership constitutes the House and Senate. That either House may, by law, consist of a laigr number is not taken into account. Whenever the number of members of the Senate is reduced by resignation, secession or death, a majority of those who are left constitute the quorum. During the last session of the Fortieth Congress the number of members of the Senate was sixty six, and the quorum was thirty-four. Bat at the beginning of the late session the number of members was only sixty-five, owing to the absence of the new Senator from Maryland, who was delayed by sickness, and the quorum fell to thirty-three; but afterwards, when ha appeared and was sworn in, it rose to thirty-four again. The Constitution of the United States declares that the " Senate shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof," and when the secession of the rebel members took'place in 1661. it was boldly argued by the rebels and their friends that the legal character of the body was destroyed, because it could consist only of two Senators from each State, and that the quorum must continue to be what it was before secession took place. This opinion has been urged until very recently, and it has been said that Congress was an illegal body, hanging upon the verge of the Government, and that most of the important legislation since 1S61 was unconstitutional, because of the absence of the necessary quorum in the two Houses the membership ofthq Senate having at one time been reduced to fifty, twenty-six being held to be a quorum, and the votes of fourteen sufficient for the enactment of laws. The very point was made by Mr. Senator Davis, of Kentucky, in the late impeachment trial, that the Senate could consist only of two Senators from each State. But it was neeatived, there being two yeas and fortyniaa nays. The principle is fully established in the National Government that the legal character of Congress can not be destroyed by the resignation or se

cession of a portion of its members. That the members who remain in each House will constitute the " House;" that the necessary quorum to do business in each House is determined by the actual membership, aud not by what the membership ouiiht to be or might be by law. This is the practical construction given to the Constitution ot the United States, and is thoroughly Republican in its character, and is the only one which can prevent a factions ininority from involving the country in anarchy; and -its construction is just as necessary and proper in its application' to the Constitution of the State of Indian, subject, however, to

t h limitation that the Legislature ceases to' bevital when the number of mombor.in either House is reduced to bebvw a majority of the members elected to'that House. - ! The doctrine contended for by the revolutionists leads to nullification aad secession, and is but another form of-the Calhoun philosophy that the government of the majority may of right be nullified by the minority. It is time to have done with all these pestiferous doctrines, and to reject from State Governments, as well as trom the JNational, every noxious principle by which unscrupulous and desperate factions can block tho wheels of Government and endanger the peace ol the countryv When a minority abdrcate to ob struct legislation, they must beheld to resign their power into the hands of those who remain; and it was upon this principle the majority acted when the 'rebel feenatoTs, and llepresenta tive3 withdrew from Congress. The most dmeerous revolution is that which is perpetrated under constitu tional forms, and should the princi ple be established that a minority of either House can constitutionally de stroy a Legislature, we can scarcely be said ti have a government. - Passing by the Question as to what quorum may be required in the Legis lature tor the enactment ol Jaws and the transaction of business peculiar to the State 'there is another view to be taken with reference to the ratifi cation of the Coustitutional Amend ment. The Fifth Article of the Con stitution of the United States de clares that Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of. each House, submit to the Legislatures of the several States propositions to amend the Constitu tion of the United States, which, i ratified by the Legislatures of threefourth ot tho States, will become part of that instrument. The duty of the btate .Legislatures to consiaer the propositions thus submitted is lm posed by the Constitution of the Uuited States, and their members. under the oath they take to support that Constitution, are not at liberty to deeline such consideration. The iuiy to consider the amendments not beiug created by the Constitutions of the States, but by paramount author ity, the performance of it could not be; prohibited or prevented by any provision in the Constitution of State. The principle that a vote of tho majority, whether of tho people or of a legislative body, shall express the popular will is so essentially interwoven with the theory of the National Government, that it would seem that nothing more should be required for the ratification of a constitutional amendment than the affirmative vote of a majority ot the members elected to each House of the State Legislature. - If compliance with all t tie forms prescribed by a State Constitution shall be necessary to the validity of the ratification, it wouid be in the power f a State in that way to bo hamper the consideration of an n'iiieudinent as" to practically nullify the provision in the Constitution of ithe United States. It If the Constitution of a State'should require all the members elected to the L jgislatuie to bo present, or the votes of all, to ratify an amendment to the. Constitution 01 the' United States, could it be denied that such a provi-f-iun would practically nullify . tho Constitution of. the United States? and would the nullification be less where the State Constitution put io the power of a minority of either House of the State Legislature to prevent the ratification by destroying the Legislature? , ;. ' Where a duty is imposed upon a S'ate Legislature by the Constitution o! the , United. States, . the performauco of it in tuch manner as would meet the analogies, or be sufficient under the Cormitiition of the United States,, would seem to be all that is necessary. Ttis principle has received a remirkable illustration in the act of Congress .approved July 26th, 1SG6,- regulating the manner of electing Senators of the United States. By the provisions of the first section of this act, on the second Tuesday after the mooting., of the Legislature, each House shall proceed to vote for Senator. At 12 o'clock, meridian the next day, the members of the two housesshall assemble in joint convention, and if the same person has received a mnjority of the votes in each house, he shall Se declared to be duly elected ; hut it not, the joint assembly shall proceed, by viva voce vote, to choose a Senator, and the person having a majority of all the votes of said joint assembly, "a majority of all the members elected to both houses being present and voting," shall be declared duly elected. Suppose, for example, the Legislature of Indiana corsisted of one hundred Representatives and fifty Semtors; the joint assembly thus provided for, might legally consist of seventy-six members, they being a majority of all the members elected to both Houses, and may all be Representatives, not a Senator being present, and a majority of these 6eventy-six thirtyuiae' may elect a Senator. By this regulation, all questions of quorums under State Constitutions are left out. A joint convention is authorized, which may turn out to be no joint convention at all, but may consist entirely of the members of one House they being a, majority of all the members elected to both Houses and the votes of one-fifth of all the rue rnbiirs elected to both Houses, and nine votes over, may be sufficient to elect a Senator, and the Senator thus elected is held to be "chosen by the Legislature," whatever it may take to constitute a Legislature, and the choice thus made is held to be a legislative act.,. To this may be said, that the power is conferred upon Congress to "regulate the manner" of electing United States Senators. But the power to "regulate the manner " does not dispense with the Constitutional requirement, that they shall be " etiosen by the Legislature." The principle involved in this act goes much further than would be required to make valid a ratification of arc amendment to the Constitution of the United States by the votes of the majority of all the members elected to each House of the State Legislature. But I need not pursue this branch of the argument any further, holding, as I do, that a constitutional quorum was present in each House when the amendment was ratified, and that the ratification was valid, both in subStance and in form. 0. P. Mobton.

GROCSPJES.

Fresh FAMILY GROCERIES AJfD WHERE TO GET TliKM. THE OLD-ESTABLISHED HOUSE OF VICKERY BROTHERS, No. 73 Main Street, Wheiie itioir asi) rooit r,i)i find the NKCE-SSAHIES and LUXUitlES ol life iu such aim ik! a. nee and at kucIi low fiaort.s as caumil tail to Halisly all who waut 10 buy. II is quite srratilyice to us to guowlbal 'he public are rtaassiuj? the advau taxes of buylug for CA.HH. and that ttiey appre ciate our efloiiJi to sell thtm No 1 FAMILY GROCERIES At the lowest living rates. We are convinced of this from the largely lncrea-sed trade, as well as from thf lively competition we have Mlrred np We have no tears or honorable competition. There is tiu.de enough In Kvausville lor Sf-vtial good houses, and we are going to nave our bbare. Our prices are alwuyt as to 10 as the very loweU ot other houses, and very ojten a yood deal lower. up2 VICKERY BROS., 73 Alain Ht. ONLY sl OO Prrt KrsirF.i, fok kajilv -ooi-R1CH. POTATOES. W e have in store h lew barrels, which we warrant true to name, that we wiil sell, to ciu.e out, at the extreme low price of ONE DOLLAR 1 er bushel. The tvariy Goodrich are a white Potato beware of a pink-colored Potato wnicti are beiuy; sold in this market for Early Goodrich. Get the genuine at may! VICKERY HHOd.t 7i Mam St. 5E.ir.iu:i.s vert ( hoick E ivr. rn White Drips Syrup jui-t received at inay-1 V1CKLKY BKOS.. 73 Aiaiu St. CIIOKJG MAPLE STBBP AMI Maple Sugar lor sale at may4 YICKERY BROS., 73 Alain St. BEST WHITE WHEAT FAMILY FLOUR t ti p"T sack, at way! VICKERY BRuS., 73 Main St. A NOTIIKIt EOT OF ( HOICK SEW York Factory Cheese lust received at may-i viutiiiitii. uru., s iiam t. MATTHEW OALZELL, Wholesale Dealer la Groceries, Nails, Vhite Lead, Lixae, Cement, ac, Ifo. 18 Water Street, declortly KvAvsvrT.t,E. Ijt. ISAAC HUMANS. DAV HEIMA.AB. Wholesale Dealers in GROOEKIES, Foreign and Domestic Liquor, NAILS, COTTON YARNS, GLABSWAKlt Jfos. 60 and 62 Mala Street, Between Second and Ihlrd, EVAIfSVlLLl, lr. FISI1 DEPOT. ova; dtr City Feed Store. K f T03TS I'RIWK HAY; SO TdKH Oil country bran; ill tons shipstufi; choice flour in sacks; lresli bolted meal, corn, oais, Ac, at lowest cash prices. Goods delivered free in tue city. T. W. MURRAY, Thll Street, between Main aud Locust. eb9 6m 136 MAIN STREET, Has o:j hai, and is t. Kiauiiy receiving, a well selectee! BlucU Of Fancy and Staple Groceries, Which are sold at the lowest liviDg rates. IMPORTANT TO 1U ILWERS AND COXTKAUTOKS. Having bought t he Hand Rank formerly owned by Mr. E. Cross, 1 am prepare.! to furnish a No. 1 artii-le of Handing Hand; also, freh Plaster, Lime, aud Cemi-iit, at the lowest liviuu tn;s. apfJl JAME-i CROFTS. CHAKLE3 VIEI.E & w noLiiSA z, 1: CO., O X. O O 12 I. t SOUTHWEST OOKNRH First and Sycamore' Street, EVAJfSVTIXJt. 1 D, ao9dtf Jcsident Heniiat, Over First National Bank, Comer Sain and Flr3t Street?, Evansvllie, Ind MAKrFAtTrKEB OF M!Sl. ous Gum Work, Gold, Kiiver, Vaicanite.Coralite, and Amber Plate, Carve Work, Artificial Taiates, &c. ADMINISTRATOR of Nitrons Oild (an excellent and safe aseesthetic), Can roforin. Ether, and also several local par lyzera. - NEURALGIC A factions treat...!. MY FACILITIES are as gootl and K establishment as large (counisUiiK of rxv rooms) as any iu the United Htute. I RETURN MY THANKS for the i tensive patronage received during trie EIGHT YEARS. m.'(2! GIBSON & WELSH, PLUM 3 E JEl S, DEALERS IX Lead Pipe, Slieet Lead, Water Closets, nor asi cox. n maths, Shower Baths, Fores and Lift Pumps, ALE PUMP.J, WROUGHT IRON PIPES, 4c. Water introduced into country dwelling from cisterns or wells, Kiviiit all the conveniences of a city supplied with water worBs. io change of range on stove required to heat the water. S Locust Street, EVANSVILLE, IND. ap2S dGm

BTJSINE3S CAT? PS.

CITY GROCERY. BORa MAN & BEIIME, DKALE1LS ITT Family Groceries and Provisions, 3d ST., BET, MAIN & LOCUST. .Goods delivered free all over the city. novl2 6m COAL! COAL! Having resumed my former business, I would hereby Inform my old patrons and the i.ubiio irenerally that I am prepared to deliver GOOD CLEAN COAL on short not ice Coal in all eases must be paid tor when ordered. Agent for the celebrated PARADISE COAL.. JOS. THOMAS. Office in American House. nov4 dly FA UN LEY, KUIJN H CO., Western Brewery, Manufacturers of Lager Beer, Ale, and Porter, In barrels, half-barrels, keg3 and ooities. OFFICK-Xm. S5 MAIX ST., EVANSVILLE, INDIANA. nov7 ly BLYTHE 11YNES, ATTO KS ISY-AT - LAW. OFFICE TIIIliD STREET, In WALKER'S BUILDING, novll ly .1 WIIEELEII & EIGGS, WHOLESALE GROCERS, Cor. First and Sycamore St8., EVANSVILLE, IND. novll ly Evansville Business College, Corner MAIN' A TIIIKO SIN., EVANSVILLE, INDIANA. Book-keeping, Penmanship, and Mathematics made specialties. Hessiou both day aud evening. For circulars, giving terms, tc, or specimens of Penmanship, address WELLS A KI.K-VEK, novll y Proprietors. The puiest of Medicinal Wines & Erandlef Only for sale at BCHLAEPFER'8. fTrusses, Fopporters, Bandages, and Hhoulder llraces t he best assorted slock In this city lor sale low at riCHLAEl f H.K B. nov28 DE C. E. MKHUOWKB, Surgeon I3iJiitiHt, Evansville, Indiana. Office on SECOND STREET, bet. Main aud Locust, BRAY'S BLOCK (Second Floor). oc27 ly Where is the hrst place to get a nice Sign jaint:J?, Well, that's cool! as "if everybody didn't know that OSBORNE & BECKER do the neatest and htsl work in the city. (noyiMj II. J. SCIILAKFFKR'H Old Reliable I)ro Store, Where can at all times lie fouud the largest ussorted stock in the State, consisting of an enolews variety ot Enuli.-li, French, and American Perfumes, Pomades, Colognes, Ruby Toilet Kets, Wallets, Purser, Card Canes, Ac. Also, a splendid stock of (Spouses, aud Chamois of all grades. UOV2S , ... I KvansvIIlc Truss Depot. I have Just filled up a mora over my fitore h.r litlluir uu Trii"S.-s. ol which I now hsive the jMrrrxt. and liexl Selected Slock for Children. Youths, and Adults. Call au i see for you. selves lit KCHLAF.PFKR'rt Drug and Fancy Ooods Hlore. Corner Mam aiid tiecoud rstreets. inhitt CARRIAGES. J. E. Obken. F. L. Okeen. J. U. CiltlZVZIS Ac CO., t CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS, Transfer Ornaments al Cincinnati prices. Main Street, Let. Fifth and Sixth, Ianl6-d3fcw;m EvANavtLLE. Ind. . The DIFFICULTY REMOVED Every bXEAM EOILER SHOULD HAVE Still well's Patent Heater and Lime -Catcher I THE JlCSf NERIOl.S mrt lCULTY experienced by those who use steam power is the tormation in their boileis of wuat is known to eutjlnawn as "HiJALE" or "INCRCSTATION "a hard substance formed out of the earthy salts contained In the water, which Hltxches Itself tlrmly to the whole inner surface of the boiler. In this city this dilliculiy is pecu.larly aggravated by the lare quantity of magnesia and lime lound iu the waier, which, besides forming scales on the boiler, obstruct the pipts and occasions the most anuoying delays In cleaulug, as well as actually eudaueriug the saicly of the boiler. hlill well's Patent Heater Removes all this difficulty, sending the water Into the boiler free irom any sediment whatever, aad pure as It disUlled. Ali who use u ntil are lauwu as the "drive wells" for their supply of water cannot aUord to do without this Heater. It will save them luuc li mouey in the purchase ol fuel, to say nothing of the annoyance and delay in cleansing boilers. The Heater Is easily managed, and quickly cleansed. One has been in operation at Igleheait's i louring M HI for many months, and given entire satisfaction. Another is in operalion in Heiiman's Foundry and the Cotton ilill adjoining. Orders lor StlllweH'M Heater will receive prompt attention if leit with. WILLIAM IIEILJUy, Agent. Jan5 GEO. THORXIlrLL. ' WJl. THORNHILL TIIGUNIIILL & .SON, jnvf vctxtkkrs or SECOXD STKK1ET, ner Main, EVANSVILLE, IND. All Kinds of fine Saddles and Harness constantly on hand. REPAIRING done In the best manner and at short notice. nib. 5 dam

"J o -! cs ea a Pi M a

JEWELRY, &c.

as Mvirv MT. WATCHES, JEWKLHY, LOUIS IlITTUOLl,J ' DIALXA IN ' 1 ! Watches. Jewelry, - silverware, t Spectacles, Clocks, Plated Ware, , i . GOLD PENS, &t., A the very lowest Extern prices. Solid Silver n arc & Jewelry ; Made to order. Hjeclal attention given U repairiui; fine Watches. . j . ' A good slock of ' American Wialcl:.4 Alwnys on hand. C ... MAIP?' ST. IfelO do'ia E T3 b rjri er. (A - n 2 J w. ITM h S3 1 S2 O S3 S3 3 2. t 63 "& 03 tfi C3 O CP C3 1-1 H S 3 x ' J so W X0 Ik. S f as r2 w I-? o tt r C n - 0 0 P e 0 H M Til W H P? H r Of g 3 S3? o o 5 3 Zi 3 n- M in o o tn 19 o w J 7 m ?' r i p o (5 C3 in 4. 0 0 0 H p ? 1 0 i f P. L 00 -9 BUSINESS CARDS. Dr. Jas. C. Bierbower, 1: b:m i 1: a i i tist, Office No. 10 FIRST HT., JMuteen Main and lAx-u.it, Returns his 1 fonnkj for the lil.ernl palronuKerecelveii ilurlnu the piiht live je.ii ami Ik.m-, ,v l;i ir !en 1 -lux lo 1 11 hi Ii a con f in ua ik-m ol tho nine. Chloroform adml n ixn-red when desired. . i .mi:ii1v HTITtllViril lllflh' I!iVltVI And Iila-ik Hook Jtayiuftcclurtr, And Dealer In School ilookx, jh lurHH ana iruini.'M, aiiikmh, j,o.u-ltjg-GIassf, Frenen t;m, iVc., OLD IIIMIHS Iii:-HO. J. AO. -70 MAIS STltKKT, (HKITKRieil' IILipCKJ X. V A X S V I i. LK ... I. It I . x A . iiov31y C. U. C'UAM Kit. Jacoii Sai.at, (Formerly sal. smun fit J. H. Riclter'M.) CRAMER & SAL AT pa oi Have Jtint opened a f pleii-didsi-ocKol COOTS Aril) SHOES, In A part of Kcliapker, lius'-Ing ,v CO.'s large hluru luiiln, 'i h.-lr ,m It is corcpiet .', and goods w l.l b.f -Oid ' i If you want good bargains, call. aprZld;iin uiAt. a. jJiTTaoa.i r, DKALKK IN WATCHES, JEWELRY Gold Pens, Srwctacles, Eye;'l;HHPs, hlllver and Plated Ware, Watch and ClocK Material, S. 61 tl.tl.N NT., Bet. Second and Tfclrd, KVA HVfi I v. Watches and Ciocbs Rej-a:ied and warranted. Ciias. Amtks, wit' teo. A. Jlittrollfi . )c u;y PETKK V I E R L I N U , DRUGGIST, Ard Dealer ia Paints dih, VARNIHHK. VYi: HTUF1- -WI.MHIW .1.A. s L'HUICA L I . Miil' M EN rs, Iure WIjiim in,j iti-itull m. And all popular Putt-jit Alu.llciues ot the ng.. AO. '2 Xurih WuU-r Strei.l, f.VA.sIL l. : 1 : nl .4 .v ' oca ly DR. F. L. DA VIC, Honiccopathlc . risysh Uiv. J Office on Hecond Ktrect, btlwccu Main aud Eocasu txtiz dly DP. E. J. EHHulAM, .,'1-1.!. Horaceopathic rjiyslelati. Offlco No. 19 Rfpoml S.f.rett, between Main aud Locu-tt. Office HoursFrom 8 A.M. to 12 m., and 1 to 5 I. m At his residence, corner of Heventh and Chestnut Hirt'eU, sfi t uight.- ..cliSdIy Merchant Tailor. Can be fonnd at NO. 8 CUANDLEKS BLOCK

I

apiUBm,

(Ll'-ftXAIRM)

uardvai:::.

APRIL 20, 1809. trr i Tin: roi.i.oniMj at ('rrat!y ncdueefi Prices : At DO ceits, Worth 75 ctnU CJjiicIirj I.iilciM AtC5 centa Vorili 0 ccnt-i. CjJardtsii iinktw At 75 ceits, Worth $1 00. 1 1 CI S-'S iiax:3,ki.i At . iHH u.'itii 7. ets. coon ;;esc vr-:z; (OOE) SIMIIF.S Al :(iiiH wurlli ill '2 5. Kcst ra-.t Nice! Shovels At l J5 worlli no. I'et Cast NiccI KjiiicIcs At hi m otth si ro. Best Cast .Steel fpadirj Fork a At $1 2.1 worth it Vt-ry Ut-st Chopping Axm AtU 2 worlli $1 ,W. All oilier artlili-4 In proportion. Our stock IM fr.'sli an I direct irom maniilac turerx. TKKMS CASH. I i:r.S. !. STICAIJIt UK, 71 MjiIii Mri i i. llftwi'cti .Second and Third. Il'ulon, Deiuokrat and I'oiiiitT copy.) A prJO CO., IMl'OKTKItH hae:dt7ai r GUNG AND PISTOLS Fannui & Mechanics' Tooli We have removed, Hjnce the deNtrnrt Ion of our Hloclt by lire on the lut of Di-cem-lit r, to the old Loewenthal Ktuud, at tho coi hit of Flii't uiid Main Htreeta, and 1'iive now in Ktore one of the most complete hloiks of Kod'i 'n oi" line that can he found iu the Wi'it, purchiiHi'd on a dull miuUct lr C AH II, and III bo oll'ercd to the trade at Much pi li'i s as cannot fail to iinpn-HM lh buyer. Wo Lave no Old Stock! Our K1""' nre all rui:su i n ii c;i. i:a , JuHt. from the fuctorlra 'e otter hp(; ilfil lndncinititii on Ta!l and Pockcl tullerj; Chains, llarros, and Collars; Axes, Iloei, it Cross cut Saws; 1 1 1 j i i,i t : rs ii a 1 1 1 iv a ii i '2lt i!2AIN ST II K EST, tOIiNE t OF FliiST, Jall KVA NS VI LLK, 1 N 1). CIITCII-IIXATI ADV'i!;. GEORGE 11 JACKSON & CO., Oiiimtixilon and Forwarding Merchants Il'-alers In Grain, Flour, Torfc, Lard, I.i-cIu??t AC; .., No. Walnut Htieef, mhl7.'5iii l.x n V'ATI, UIIO. TOTC SALE. -rK I-K v A LIT A it I, K MAIN '1 ' I. 1.' I. ' 1' lM.ni.I.'iri'V '!'.... i I ni niii . .v j.iva i i lint niN'-ti'ifi property known im tho y,ler property, d tuitte.l on the we-4l, corner ol "liiin hi.'I l-lxlli HI rciK, fronting 7 V.; Ii.it on Main hlrtielHiul 10 iert uu hlxili t-ir-l. Sai.i rii.ini'ilv in t.rtl It.r tuu t. r l.tt t,'ti I i. on caiy terniM. Apply to J. 1. I'.I.Liij i T & HO V, l-.fcai i-.Kl.HIH AI'UIH, Corner Ikk uatu(l Third Hltei-tM. lelii dlt

70 It BALE AND FOII UliSJ. H K. (O. BflMHSH I.IIIN. jL.jbP tweJ)l:iK Houncm, and Farms. Tt u tnouhand neieM of r in inlun La Ml. I huy and hcII it? ii Kw!at3. ALVA It JOHNMON, lical Khtato AKf'iit. Third Street, Evansville, Indiana dec'J2 tf Stallions at Mcrgandale Fiirni for 1809. -tryr.I.OX, I'V tl n celebrated lnlihiLV MiiUum Youuk Morrill, out or tho hi t tiot'ln" man; Kllen I .u; nit" ; and Hie 1 hoioimul.red lior4 ,S I L V ii M l' ) K N hy IliMKsniil, lini hy imp. O I. ik'i mi, w 1 1 1 nnike I In; Km. Hon ol ItS, lim In., au'n or Maicu to iti , 1st .t July, m, M ori;n inial ! iirm, Unco inllen Piit of K v iit v 1 1 le, on tin N.'whuruli nm I. TerniH, j. ; it pnyiihle on the? 1st, ot Janaary. 1h,u. .Mu.., n,.i, proving In loal umi ho reluiue.t t,, Kai l Nlallioiikt ilm follov lux ki'iihiiii. 1'n M u rn i;i lun.lsl ed inurei from a iliKtanc,.. Ksciim m and nci::d(Mt4 alow nri' rl.sk. Foil HA IjK. Aldru(.y Cuttle, Houlhdowu Hlieep, aud Client er Wtiilo llu-i Br..ler art invited to call ami tu Stock. WUUAM CllAKH luayldltii A4aUor Uwaer,