Daily Wabash Express, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 18 April 1886 — Page 2

DARWIN-EVOLUTION.

Tlw Lecture by President D. 8. Jordan, of the Indiana State University.

Delivered at Normal School Hall In Tliia City on Friday Evening.

The Life and Teachings of the English Scientist,—Dr. Jordan's Personal Reminiscence,

DARWIN-EVOLUTION.

Lecture of Dr. Jordan, President of the State TJ Diversity.

On Friday nk'ht one of the largest audiences ever gathered in the commodious "hall of the normal building assembled to listen to the lecture on "Darwin and Evolution," delivered by President D. S. Jordan, of the state university. The lecture was very instructive and highly entertaining. President Jordan, upon being introduced, addressed the audience as follows

In each field of human thengh there stands sotae few great name which mark the epochs" in Its history.

In the study of the liriag things npen the earth these names are three, Linnaeos, Cuvier and Darwin. Old as the world was, when Linnmas was born, before him scarcely any one had thought of flowers and birds and butterflies as objects of serious study. The Christian era of biology begins with the year 1758, and the death of the great Swtde who reached the csadle of the infant science, took place scarcely a century ago.

Linnsns has taught us to name and describe the objects of nature, that knowledge once gained may be communicated toothers. Cuvier tiM taught us to see unity of structure underlying the greatest divinity of appearance, and to group these objects together in accordance with this unity. Darwin has given us the aloe as to the meaning of this unity: that unity in structure is brotherhood in fact. It Is of Darwin and his work that I wish to speak t*-day. Charles Darwin was born in the town •f Shrewsbury, February 12, 1809, and died at bis country home at Down, in Kent, on the 21th day of April, 1882, at the age of 73 years.

A life more cabs and peaoeful than his, the Werld does not often' see. At hrae, in the •oumtry, surrounded by his family, far away {rem the noise of politics and undistnrbed by •lashing systems of philosophy, he worked on la patience.

For years, ulaost aa Invalid, still feeling Ike effects ef kis long sea-sick-Bess while on the voyage of the Beagle, averse to display or to controversy, sure of the strength of truth, whioh some generation would hear, if his own did not, he •at and watched his flowers and vines and trees and pigeons, reporting from time to time the things he saw and their underlying meanings. "For years," said his old garder once to Bie, "Mr. Darwin used to spend his days in the gieeiihouse and the garden with his plants, tying strings to them and trying to make them do things."

Nevertheless, this age is the age of Darwin! No life i» this bustling Nineteenth century of oars has left so deep an impress on our thought. And this impress must deepen as the years roll on, until if ever the time comes when what we now knowof the laws of God shall have faded away, and our successors shall begin again, to lesrn like little ohildren, their ABC from Mother Nature. "Mother Nature," says Huxley, "is singularly obdurate to honeyed words onlv those who understand the ways of thiugs, and. can silently and effoc'ively use them, get much good out of her."

In 1881 Darwin was sent oat as naturalist on board of her mbjepty's ship, Beagle, whioh was to take five years for a cruise around the world. These fve years of minute, detailed observation formed the best of Darwin'B scientific training, and they have been the basis of all his later work.

I do not know for what pnrpoet the Beagle was sent eat, for her majesty's ships have ot always had noble errands. It is oertain that when she returned she bore more preciaus freight than any of her majesty's ships had borne befere. The primary results.of this voyage were ssveral works on volcanoes, corals, barnacles, works which brought their author to the front rank among the scientific men of England.

Then for a Ion time Darwin published nothing, and it was not until twenty-five years of elaboration and verification that the main results of the voyage of the Beagle, his own observations on the changes of animals and plants under varying circumstHnoes came to light in tho volume on the Origin of Speoies. This was in 1859.

That Darwin had not been idle during these twenty-five years is shown by his own words— words which may be read with great profit by aay young man whe is anxious for sudden greatness—who wishes to gather bis strawberries before they are ripe. "When on board H. M. S. Beagle as naturalist," says he, "1 was muoh struck with certain facts in the distribution of the organic beings inhabiting Bonth America, and in the geologioal relations of the present to the past inhabitants of the continent. "These facts seemed te throw some light on the origin of species, that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. "On my return home, it oocurred to me (in 1887) that something might perhaps be made out on this queesion by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of faets whioh could possibly have any bearing on it After five years, I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some shert notes. These I enlarged, in 1844, into a sketoh of the conclusions which then seemed to me prebable. from that period to the present day I have steadily pursued the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been hasty in coming to a conclusion." As most of us are perfectly ready for a decision on this or any other subject, without ever having devoted to it fifteen minutes' consecutive thought in the coerse of our lives, we must admit that Mr. Darwin was not hasty.

Let me speak of oertain traits of Darwin's first great work, the "Origin of Species," whioh give it a position almost alane among beoks of soience.

There is in it no statement of faot of any importance whidi, during the twenty-sevsn years whioh have passed sinoe it was first published, has been shown to be false. In its theoretical part there is no argument whioh has been since shown to be unfair or fallacious. In thtse twenty-seven years there has been no serious objection raised to any important conclusion of his which was not at the time fully anticipated and frankly met by him. Indsed there are bnt few of these ebjestioas which with our present knowledge are not much leas weighty than Darwin then admitted.

The progress of soience has bridged over many mighty chasms in the evidence. There is in this work nowhere a suggestion special pleading or over-statement. The writer is a Judge and not an advooate, and from his de otsions there has been no successful appeal.

There is in this or any other of Darwin's works scarcely a line of controversial writing. He has been the faithful mirror of nature. The relations of nature to metaphysics he has left te others. The tornadoes which have blown about the "Origin ef Species" have left him undistnrbed.

The system of philosophy of Herbert Bpenoer is based in great part en Darwin's work. I have never heard that Darwin himself adhered to this philosophy. The word "evolution" is not his word. He felt, perhaps, that systems of philosophy are like air-plants whioh thrive equally well in any soil. Just facts enough for their roots tooling to and all of them will grew and bloom perennially without other food than the air.

His ewn errors were no more precious to him were those of others. Therein was he the superior of Agassis, who seemed sometimes to love his own mistakes as mothers often love their feeble children better than those who are able to take eare of themselves.

From a biological standpoint the great work ef Darwin has been the total ohangs in oar •enoepiion of the meaning of species.

It was declared by Linnsaus and repeated by' Ussuooessors that "There are as many differ

DT IPTOIM BOW

titer* wire

as a fixed entity, a perennial *acoeeBion o€ individuals, similar .to one another, from the creation at one end of the seriee to the extinction at the other. We have been told oyer, awH orer again that the variations of a species are kept within fixed limits by definite laws, thwt. ontf species canneverencroaohon the traits of any other species, nor ever permanently asffnmft any characters than those with which it was created.

Darwin npnintainftfl that the form "order which any species is known to us is simply 8 phase in the history of the succession of living forms whioh constitute that species. He has shown that, in fact, the species are not thus held in check, that with the lime of descent goes gradual modification, and thus the living representatives of no species to-day are quite like their ancestry of centuries ago.

The two things which most impress the mind of the student of nature are these: First, the enormous diversity among living thiugs, and second, their even more surprising unity. The half million known forms of animals and plants may be readily reduced to less than a dozen special forms or types. The problem before the student of nature js to ac-' count for the origin of this diversity in life in some Way which shall hot leave the essential unity out of sight.

The law which tends to keep the^peciee uniform is the law (or the fact, which we cannot wholly explain) that living beings resemble their anoestors. And as each living being has twice as many ancestors hehind him as either Its father or its mother had, so does the influence of remote, ancestry diminish with each succeeding generation. With this law or fact of unity, goes another law (or fact) that no two living beings are ever exactly alike, and of the multitude of small variations which may appear, some few will be preserved, and favorable circumstances will cause them tc be repeated and augmented.

In the fossil beds of the rockB below us Darwin finds the traces of the ancestry of present life. The changes in the life of the globe like the changes on its surface have been gradual, due to the slow operation of existing laws. Greater variety and greater complexity have come with each succeeding aee. We know something of the dispersion, development and differentiation of man. Such a history in a degree has been that of every species of animal and plant. Darwin rejected the supposition elaborated by Cuvier and vigorously defended by Agaseiz, that each one of the one or more epochs in geological history had witnessed a total destruction of all living things, followed immediately by the creation ef a new set, equally numerous and differing from the first only in minute details, visible to the eye of the specialist alone.

The agencies which thus gradually modify species are aumerous and some of them are imperfectly understood. One of these, and in Mr. Darwin's view, the predominant one has been the survival of the fittest in the struggle for existence.

I cannot in the limits of this paper illustrate in detail what is implied in that whioh has been called "natural selection," by Mr. Darwin, and by Mr. Spencer, the "survival of the fittest."

In Mr. Darwin's words: "A struggle for existence inevitably follows from the high rate at which all organic beings tend te increase. Every being which during its lifetime produces several eggs er seeds, must suffer destruction during some period of its life, and during some season or occasional year, otherwise, on the principle of goometrioal increase, its numbers woqld quickly become so inordinately great that no country could support the product. Hence, as more individuals are produced than can possibly survive, there must in every case be a struggle for existence, either one individual with dthers of the same species, or with the individuals of different species, or with {he physical conditions of life." "Although Bome species may be now increasing in numbt ra, all can not do so, for the world would not hold them."

Of the infinite number of small variations which may affect the individual, some will be found to be of advantage to the individual in this struggle lor existence. Be it ever

One great immediate result of Darwin's work has been the destruction for ever of the closet-formed idea of a specjes in biology, as something fundamentally different from a variety or race.

Let me take an illustration: Camilla Dareste, writing of the hundred or mom alleged specieB of the True Eel, says: "Tfiere are at least four distinot types, resulting from the combination of a certain number of characters but the study of a very large number of specimens belonging to these four specific types has convinced me that each of these characters "may vary independently, and that, consequently, certain individuals exhibit a combination of characters belonging to two distinct types. It is, therefore, impossible to establish clearly defined barriers separating these two types. "The genus Anguilla exhibits, then, a phenomenon which is found in many other genera, and even in the genns homo itself, and whioh can be explained in only two ways. "Either these fonr forms have had a common origin and are races merely, and not species, or else they are distinct in origin and are true speoies, but have been more or less commingled, and have produced by their mingling intermediate forms, which co-exist with those whioh were primitive.

Soience is not in the position to decide between these two alternatives." It is one i(}le problems as to the reality of Spencer that the strength of naturalists of the past century has been largely wasted, which of the forms we stuily aro speoies, and therefore represent separate acts of the Creator, and whioh are mere varieties, chance products of varying surroundings, and therefore to be despised and ignored? Scarcely ever did two earnest students of any group reach an agreement ill this respect, for agreement was only possible in default ef material. A single adtional specimen often unsettles every conclusion, and the contents of all museums are bnt the slightest fragment of the life of the globe. "We can only predicate and define species at all," says Dr. Cones, "from the mere ciroumstunce of missing links. Our speoies are the twigs of a tree separated from the parent stem. We name and arrange them arbitrarily in default of meuns of reconstructing the whole tree, in accordance with nature's ramifioations."

Among Dareste's eels we may have one species, or four, or forty, as our collection may be deficient in connecting forms, or as we may chose t* magnify or disregard slight differences. There are just as many kinds of eels as there are races of men or of dogs.

Future naturalists Will again describe those eels, but they will know them for what they are, the varying descendants of some one type crawling in the weeds and ooze of many seas and rivers, and thus modified by their surroundings.

The old notion of a species has passed away forever. We can no more return, to it than astronomers can return to the Plotttnic notion of the solar system.

The same lesson comes up from every hand. It is the common experience of all students of oreiy speoies in every field. We have learned it from Gray, and WatBon and Coulter, and eaoh each of the maay students of American botany. We have learned Baird and Allen and Coves and Bidgwsy and Steyceger, and from all who have made life studies of American birds. We have loomed it from O pe and March and Leidy, and from all who have rummaged in the tombs where our anoestors lie buried.

I do not know of a naturalist in the world who has made a thoughtful study of the relations of species in any group,' who entertains the old notion as to their distinct origin. Thsre is not ana who could hold this view and look an animal in the face.

And for this ehange we have to thank Darwin. "It is easy to plow when the field is clear," and what he first saw clearly, we can not fail to see now.

Still had Darwin never lived, we would in time have found out. There were La Marcks and St Hilaires before Darwin, and their like are.living still. Bnt we dwarfs stand now on kis shoulders and not on theirs.

/DIFFERENT

formfi"

created ia the beginning by the Infinite1

have purposely avoided the use of the word evolution in connection with Darwin. Evo

calized and differentiated. That, in accordance with this law, nebulous- minims-have become concentrated into planets, and that all forms of life have moved steadily from the simple to the complex, from the low to the high, from uniformity to variety. from the study of the history of the globe and its life we find that many ohabgas such as this theory contemplates have indeed taken 'place that progress has been Op rule and retrogression the exception. Degraded forms exist in all groups, as degraded races among men, but advancing forms are far more common. Evolution, then, in a general way, is certainly a fact, whether it be a law of nature or not, if indeed the two ideas be not identical- A law, as defined by Darwin, is simply the ascertained sequence of events, and in that sense we can certainly speak of evolution as a law of being.

But the development oi the theory of evolntion belongs rather to the domain of metaphysics, and with the metaphysicians I may leave it.

But Darwin's work might have gone on as 1 have already said, with scarcely a notice from the world otitaide, had not the history of man become embroiled ih the controversy.

For the humaii race is likewise a species, and from its physical bide it must be dissussed with other specieSi

The study of these relations gave us in 1871 the volumes

the Descent of Man.

If we suppose, as We must, that the various forms of lower animals and plants had their origin in pre-existing forms, more or lees ualike them, we may conceive it to be true of man also.

That it is in faot true of man we know, ror not many thousands of years ago our ancestors in Europe were barbarians, cave-dwellers, lake-dwellers, and .dwellers in hollow trees, with only the rude implements they shaped from stone and flint. surprisingly like us in form and structure, though far below us in skill and intelligence, are the many races of apes and monkeys. And among these, or rather behind these, for these too are changing "with the progress of ths suns," groping in a blundering way towards the light, behind these, if anywhere, must our ancestry fee traced.

If anything is certain in soienoeitis this. What we call homology represents something real, some law of nature, something other that the results of mere ohance.

When I compare my arm with that of my. neighbor I find some differences—differences in size, in proportions. But these are superficial, and there is the underlying correspondence of each bone and muscle, each nervefib le, artery and vein.

When I compare my arm with the fore leg of a dog I find more striking differences, for the dog's station in life is" quite different from my own and his arm he usee for quite different purposes.

When I compare my arm with the wing of a bird, or the pectoral fin of a fish. the results are still similar. Though the differences in each case become more and more striking, and the resemblances less easy to trace, yet the same resemblances exist, and a closer study shows that these resemblances far ontweigh the differences.

slight, this help in time will count. The individuals thus aided will iive and multiply, and their type is the type of the species preserved. Those individuals who do not share this advantage or who may be handicapped bv disadvantageous variation die and leave no descendents. Thus the advantage of the individual becomes the gain of the species, and thus, in the character of the species does the fitness of the individual survive.

Different estimates of the relative importance of this and other agenoies will be made by different minds, but its enormous influence in determining the future of any species cannot be questioned.

Darwin's work was addressed at first only to naturalists, with no expectation that the publio would pay' any attention to it. He had oonfidenoe that the younger and more observant of his fellow-workers would find in thsir own work confirmation of his conclusions.

The times were riper than he had dreamed. He has outlived all of his scientific opponents, the last and greatest of whom was Agassiz, and to-day, there is no one whose scientific studies have been BUch as to to give him a right to speak, whose views are not in substantial accord with those of the "Origin of Speoies.

We say then, that Homology is real, and whatever power or influence, .or oause, has acted on fishes to provide them with pectoral fins, has given to birds wings, to the dog forelegs and to me and my neighbor arms. The arms are appendages more highly finished and suited to more purposes, but all are formed of the same pieces, arranged in the same way and all bear the stamp of the same maker.

But when compare my arm with the claw of a lobBter, the limb of a tree, the arm of a star-fish, or an arm of a sea, all resemblance in structure disappears and we have onlychance analogies.

Thin then is certain. In natnre homology exists, and among us baok-boned animals all structures, all functions, and at least some of the mental operations show distinot homology.

The essence of Darwinism is this. Horn' ology means blood relationship. No other meaning has ever been shown, nor is there the slightest evidence that any other interpretation is possible.

I resemble my neighbor so closely that people say that we look like brothers. My little boy shows similar exactness of homology, and people say that he is the very image of his father. My neighbor on the left shows still wider divergence, but then he, too, is evidently an Anglo-Saxon. Angle Saxon, we are all of one blood, not many generations back.

A little further away, the whole Aryan race becomes one, and in Adam we are all one, even with our poor relations, the negro anl the Chinaman.

If we knew them all, the chain of anoestors would be as unbroken as the ohain whioh connects the bey and the man, or the'chain which joins the American of to-day with his Angle and Saxon and Aryan ancestors. Where homologies exiBt, the lines of descent are unbroken.

But still poorer relations we have in numbers, and they, too, carry on their faeee the unmistakable evidences of kinship by blood. In every bone and muscle my dog shows his likeness to me, and even in every function of his feeble little brain the resemblance is apparent. Let me say again, we have no explanation of homology, other than that of kinship by blood. This is Darwinism, and this is the lesson of all biological sc'ence. So far as we can see this is a law ef nature as surely as the law of gravitation. It is not one of many contending hypotheses, for the opposing hypotheses are but miasmatic ghoete, left over from the days of the schoolmen.

No two groups of animals can show hpmolo gies with eaoh other more dearly than does the man with the monkey. Either these homologies show kinship or else they are mere mockeries, like the face we see in a pansy flower. If homologies are mockeries, then indeed our soience has made no progress, for that was the belief of the middle ages.

So much for what we know. Our objections to sharing our anoestry with monkeys and other mammals, if we have any, rest on considerations outside the domain of knowledge. Nor do they rest on religious grounds. Those who think so deceive themselves.

Could it be proven by absolute demonstration, such as soience can seldom give, that an unbroken line of descent connects the barbarous man of the past with his back-boned brethren of the farther past, how oould that affect Christianity?

No form of the Darwinian theory can be opposed to the teachings of Christ. Christianity gives no answer to our questions of science. It does not rise or fall with any steps in the growth of science. It is anohored to no floating hypothesis. It builds on the Book of

iris said not whsnoe the body comes, that concerns us as Christian people. Dust is the body—to dust returning. It is with the saul that our religion has to do.

But if man's ancestry is joined to that of other animal* by a chain in whioh our knowledge can find no break, how about the origin of his soul? When did man begin to have a soul, if, as most of us think, the lower animals have none. What is the line between animal and man?

Perhaps we cannot rfnswer this. Perhaps we can never know. Problems as difficult as this come nearer to our lives. Eaoh of us and ef all men has grown from the form ef a helpless child, the child by dosrees from an embryo, smaller at first than the head of a pin. All the changes it undergoes are gradual. "Nature,1 says liinnnus, "makes no leaps." At whatage does thiB embryo become the man? At What agsdoee man "become a living soul?" 4 Let us say truly, we do not know, we can not tell. It is not for us to know. As with the individual,

with the species.

When we speak of the "Infancy of the Baoe" we use language as true in scienoe as appropriate in poetry.

The question of the origin of man, though perhaps the most interesting question in scienoe, offers to the student of nature peculiar difficulties. Materials for exact knowledge are few and prejudices are strong, and all tendencies favor an immediate decision ca doubtful points, though the evidenoe be far trom sufficient.

Of not one man, nor monkey, nor bird, nor beast in half a million doee a traoe remain after a thousand years. Not a bone, not a relic, not a thought. Living on the surface, we crumble into dust, and the current phases of our life a few centuries out of hundreds are all of man's history we can surely know.

Many links are missing still, and most of theae we can never expect to find, and our early anoestry we can only infer from our -knowledge of our contemporaries. Whatever the final outcome of the study of the origin of man, Christianity oannOt suffer. It has not suffered In the past from other questions. Theologians and philosophers have •offered, bat notrsiigion. 'Extinguished theologians." say* Huxley, 'lie about the cradle of every, science, as tha. strangled snakes beside that of tho infant Hercules."

Looking oyer the history of human thought we see the attempt to fasten to Christianity each decaying belief in science. That the earth is round, that it moves aboutthe sun, that it is old, that granite over was melted, all their beliefs, now port of our common knowledge, have beer, declared contrary to religion, and Christian men who knew these things to be true have suffered all manner of evil for their sake.

We are sometimes asked if the progress of

lution is a term belonging to metaphysics life proceed by nstawl law, witboat these sperather than to biology. The theory of evolu- oial creations of which we have heard so much

Inseoordanee with this statement we have tion is that there exists inherent in nature a and thought so little, when is there room for bsag taught to hiakupon a dpeetes in biology, law by whioh all things tend to beoome spo- God?

THE BXPRESS, TERRS HAFTK, SWNDAY, APRIL 18, 1886.

can not see bow ft" question can arise in the mind of th» strident of nature. For the baiiaof all soience is order, and we do not understand how order

ORB

exist without having

been ordered. If we (oundinnature disorder, we should have nescience and atheism. But aiyinnfifiw study never did and never will tend in that direction. Atheism is the product of the hair-ttplitting of the metaphysicians, the dark shttdow cast by anthropomwx^iinn.

Atheism never flourished more than in the days of the when science there was none.

Over ths door of Linnseua' oottage at Ham-mer-by stood the motto: "Innocue vivito numenadeet," "Live unspotted God is near." 'This," odd Linnaeus, "is the wisdom of my life."

We see the finger of the Lord everywhere in nature. The blade of grass, as well as the firmament, showeth His handiwork. But everywhere He works with law and order.

We have found that even comets have orbits that valleys were dug out by water and hills worn down by ioe, and that all we have ever known to be done on the earth has been done in accordance with law.

Why not then the origin of speoies? What, indeed, do we mean by special creation as opposed to natural selection What knowledge or idea have we of it? _We no longer picture the Creator as fashioung men and dogs and horseB of clay, and them breathing into them the breath of life.

If each of the half million species which .we now know, and each of the millions of species now extinct,.has been the subject of a special creation, then special creation is but another name for the law by which species are produced.

We understand in some measure the method of birth, the method by whioh individuals are created. Why should we think, in faot, that speciee are created in any other way? Why is not the method of creation of speciee^ as of individuals, the method of birth?

We have, in faot, abundant evidenoe that the method of creation is the method of birth, and among all the mysteries that surround us there is none more wonderful than this. "Omnevivum ex vivo," "all life from life, is a maxim of the older naturalists, and neither M"» naturalists to whom all life is but the attribute of the carbon compounds, nor the dogmatist to whom the advent of a speoies is an interruption of the laws of the universe, has yet set it aside.

Says Mr. Darwin "To my mind it accords better with what we know of the laws impressed on matter by the oreator, that the production and estimation of the pest and present inhabitants of the world should have been due to seoondary causes, like thoee determining the birth and death of an individual. "When 1 view all beings not as speoial creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings who lived before the first bed of the silurian was deposited, they seem to me to beoome ennobled. "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers having been originally breathed by the. Crea'or into a few forms or into one, and that while this planet has gone cycling oooording to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and moet wonderful have beon and are being evolved. "With the growth of the race, has steadily grown our conception of the Omnipotence of God. Our ancestors felt, as many raoes of men still feel, that they were forsaken nnless each household had a god of its own. For numerous as the greater gods were, they could care for nothing lower than Kings. They oould hardly believe that the god of their land oould be the God of the Gentiles. That He should dwell in temples not made with hands removed Mm far from human sight."

That there could be two continents was deemed impossible, for one God oould not watch them all. That the earth was the central and sole inhabited planet rested on the same limited conception of the power of God.

That the beginning of all things was a little while ago is another phase of the same idea, as is the idea of a Speoial Creation for every form of animals and plants.

A day is with the Lord as a thousand years and He who watches the sparrow's fall holds likewise the universe in the hollow of His hand.

A Chinese sage, whose words remain, but whose name has been lost in the ages between him and us, has said: "He cannot be oonoealed He will appear without showing himself, effect renovation without moving, and create perfection without aoting. •"It is the law of heaven and |earth, whose way is solid, substantial, vast andunohanging." "For the world was made in order,

The atoms maroh in tune." Not long ago I walked across the Kentish pastures to the little village of Down, a pilgrim to the shrine of Darwin.

I visitsd his beautiful home, a stately oldfashioned oountry mansion surrounded by trees and shut in by an ivy-covered Wall. .' I talked with the villagen,'who had been neighbors of his all their lives, and to whom he was not the world-renowned naturalist, but the good gray man whom everybody knew and loved. I learned some things whioh the|books do not tell .us of his simple, kindly ways, his warm friendships and his quiet but widereaching oh&rities.

I have from this a clearer pioture of Darwin as he really was. life for- his wife and ohildren, his love for birds and flowers and trees, his love for simplicity and truth, all thsee stand as the clear background before whioh rises as a temple the grandest work in scienoe.

Twenty years ago, obloquy, ridicule and abusq were heaped on the name of Darwin on all sides, sometimes even from his scientific associates.

He has outlived it all, and four years ago his mother country paid him the highest tribute in her power.

He lies| in Westminster Abbey by the side of Isaac Newton, one of the many noble predecessors who have made his own life possible.

Among all who have written or spoken sinoe then, whatever their relitioua or scientific faith by none has an unkind word been said.

His was a gentle, patient and reverent spirit, and by his life has not only soienoe, but our conception ef Christianity, been advanced and ennobled.

The Debate on tho Tariff Bill. Speoial to the Express, WASHINGTON, D. C.,

April

16.—If

one

is to judge from general expression the minority has got the beet of the argument on the Morrison-Hewitt tariff bill, and the measure is not as strong as it was when reported to the house. The admin istrative portion of the bill—that portion which proposes to disentangle some of the questions in the present tariff law—is received with considerable favor but the common principle of the Morrison portion of the bill is not in as good favor as it was a week or ten days ago.

This apparent disfavor of the bill is likely the result of the near approach of its consideration, when members must meet it fairly, and the opinions expressed now are consequently more in accord with the proposed action than they were a short time ago, when the destiny of the bill was entirely unknown.

A La Frank Fray no.

FBEPOBT, L. I.,

April

17.—Dr.

Thomas

8. Taylor, a wealthy resident of Merrick, Who came here some years ago from Texas, yesterday shot and killed his coachman, Thaddeus Gritman. The doctor had a great reputation as a marksman, and yesterday afternoon Gritman, who had often done the same thing before, placed half a delen bottles on his head, which were in quick succession knocked off by shots from his employer's revolver, at fifty paces. The supply of bottles falling short, and the doctor having one chamber of his revolver still loaded, told Gritman to pla£ a tomato canon his head. This he did,and*the doctor fired, but just as he pulled the igger Gritman slightly raised his head, id the bullet entered his brain. Those who an acquainted with Taylor's previous history say that an affair of a similar nature was the cause of his leaving Texas.

jjsv A fouthful Suicide. £.

CHICAGO, III., April 16.—JohnEgan, a boy 13 yean of age, committed suicide last night. He lived with his parents at South Chicago.

Nowadays a frequent and painful disease, rheumatism, csn be permanently cured by Salvation OiL All druggist* keep it. Price 28 centa.

A cat belonging to J. M. Dickson, of Fayetteville, Ga., has adopted four young squirrels, and appears to be as fond of them as if they wen her own kittens,

THE PRESIDENT'S MARRIAGE.

It Will Take Place In Jnns and Miss Folsom Will Bo tho Bride. BUFFALO, N. Y., April 17.—The statement of the Sev. William Cleveland brother of the president, that the latter will marry Miss Frances Folsom, daughter of the late Oscar Folsom, together with some additional information gleaned to-day, leaves no doubt of the fact that the White house wedding will take place. Assistant United States District Attorney Wellington was in Buffalo to-day and talked about it. He said that his wife had not received any letter from Miss Folsom, but he had seen one, and then was not the slightest doubt that it was genuine. It referred to the marriage. The wedding, it was said, would be of the most quiet character possible, and it was to be solemnized in the White house in June. There will not be a dozen persons present, and, if it is pcsiible, the time of its occurrence will be kept secret until after the ceremony.

More Striking Sohool Children. ST. LOUIS,

Mo., April

17.—The

chil

dren in three of the public schools in this city have become dissatisfied with the rules now governing them, and they threaten a general strike unless their grievances an righted befon Monday next They demand louger recesses and shortei hours. At Madison school, thirty of the scholars failed to respond at roll call this morning, but these are all who have actually struck. At Hodgen school a notice signed by the "St Louis school association" calling upon scholars to strike to-dajr was found posted upon the school building this morning. But three members of the association wen convicted by the superintendent of the school of bein£ guilty of issuing the obnoxious notice and a thrashing administered to them at the time averted a general strike of all the scholars.

Stiffness and soreness of the muscles are at once nmoved by St. Jacobs Oil.

Absolutely Pare and DnadatieracetL HOSPITALS, CURATIVE IN

INFIRMARIES.

AND PRESCRIBED

And all Wasting Diseases

DYSPEPSIA, INDIGESTION* MALARIA. THE ONLY

PURE STIMULANT

FOR THE SIOK, INVALIDS, OONVALESCING

PATENTS,

AGED PEOPLE,

WEAK AND DEBILITATED WOMFN. For ealo by DnigglstR, Grocers and Dealers. Price. One Dollar per BoWfie, •T'Soldoniir laseAldd bottle®, and noFie gei:n!ri cept such bear oar tr*d e-m&rk ]»b*l ©ftheold chemist. as Above, And the DAine of company blotm In bottle* (n7*Persong east of the Rocky Mountains (except tbc Territories), unable to procure it from can hAve Half Doaen sent, In plain case,

Bnmarked,Ex-radealers,theirDolfcwstO

press charges prepaid, by remitting Six The Duffy Malt Whiskey Co., Baltimore,ffid. P. 8CHEBER COMPANY, Chicago, IlUnoU, 'ffwterc Selling Agent*.

SniS-cmiitampfm- our V«taai*t OMmmpttnFon*-fjl vla.een*($ttug prinHpdilv of rate beejittmkani owrvhifr'fl key. Equally ealtabte for n, fc rec9v*rv/rom all Waging D{state*. It eon be prtparsC bw anyhousiktepc?' AlllHtfwtri** cwMmfnj tkicftfWlC and tA« vieo/our tehlsiey in any distant, will be ckt3P- R' fully mivirtd by our Mtdica

FAULTLESS *AMILY MEDICINE

We Shoiv the IffoSt Cdfcftfclete Stock

PURELY VEGETABLE!

The centle, yet effectual aatlon of ttaa good old remedy,

SIMMONS

Liver Regulator!

jLnd its lntrlnsle merits have placed It at the very head of Family Medicines, especially for delicate persons. Its use Is always beneficial to old and young, and tor children it the mo8t,^^

POPULAR MEDICINE KNOWN!

It Is iust what we claim for It,

It is reported at the clubs that the only Buffalo man likely to be present at the ceremony is Mr. Wilson S. Bissell, the president's former partner, who will be the groom's "best man." Mr. Bissell has maintained a discreet silence, bnt has, it is said, practically admitted to SJme of his friends that this is so. Initiegmaior some vwo society circles it is said that one of the I fa withs&nal efflsot In bridesmaids will be Miss Ida Gregg, daughter of Dr. Rollan B. Gregg, the well-known physician. She is an intimate friend of the bride prospective, who has visited much at her home, and is credited with knowing all about. Miss Folsom's engagement.

otjlt Motto is

Quick Sales arid SitfilT Profits J. R. l'ISHEH,

FAULTLESS FAMILY MEDICINE 1

Not disagreeable to the taste, perfectMn 1U action, and superior In every way. It grows in public favor all the time.

Testimonials.

Until within the past two years I have had very bad general health

Columbus, Ga.

PHYSIOIANS EVESWSBKS.

-!i' CURE8 ^CONSUMPTION, HEMORRHAGES

7' for ten yeaar

and during that time have in no one year been without the almost constant attendance of a physician upon myBelf orr so of am 1 oame acquainted with Simmons Liver ulator some two years ago, Blnce

every Instance where the liver has been affected. 1 have not bad a doctor In my family for the past year, and it Is the only ye&r in ten that some member of my family has not been under the doctor's hands, and for this gratifying fact I am positively Indebted to Simmons [ilver Regulator. MRS. M. A. WEST.

Camden, Ala., November 22,1881. I have used Dr. Simmons .Liver Regulator myself and in my family for years, and pronounoe it one of the most satisfactory medicines that can be used. Nothing would Induce me to be without it, and I recommend all my friends if they want to secure health to always keep it onhand. HON. R. L. MOTT,

THERE IS BUT ONE SIMMONS UVER REGULATOR!

Bee that you get the genuine, with the red on front or wrappers prepared. k.ly |)T

J. H. ZEILIN & CO.,| 3T*

Bole Proprietors, PHILADELPHIA PA

DR. BEN TOMUN/.S, 1,* v*S

't ai

f&hMi

AM)

P:/.«JN8TlTimV

Bold by CroeSrs everywhere.

BAKER & CO., Dorchester, Mass.

CHICHESTER'S ENGLISH. Original and Only Ctonaine* 8ATheAlwaystoRetiAhK

And Beware uf worthleM Imitation*. Indlnpentable LADIES* A«k /our OraccUt for

HChichester**

English" *"1 take no oUT.-r, or Inclose 4«

(•tamps) to tt« for particulars in letter-hj return nudl NAME PAPER. Chlehester Ch«mle*l C©~ sfl8 Madison Square, PlUlada^ P* Bold by Tlraretat* everywhere. Ask tor "Chfefce*

UrVRnrlUh" Penorrov»t PISIa. T«k»«*otlMr

Insure "Witli

J. C. REICHERT.

Against Fire, Lightning and Tornadoes

He REPRESENT ONLY the VERY BIX COMPANIES.

Here 3¥C Are

WITH OUR SPRING STOCK OF BOOTS AND SHOFc

Boots and Shoes Evei* Offered in the City From the Most Fashionable to the Plan. Kvery-Day Shoe. In Fact, we Please Everybody With Qur,

Popular Ebw* Prices

*3* mm

kij

!t5'

Main Street'."

327

s» v** CALL AND SEE THE

New Davis and

Twin Gasoline Stoves

With Lay Down Tank and Automatic Lighting Devi^, also at oil line of

ALASKA

Refrigerators and Ioe Chests

WHITE MOUNTAIN

Ice Cream Freeser and Water Coolers.

Townley Brothers. 512-5H Main St.

HMU

They AH Stop I

fw .fav-.v

t.^,

ffjl w»?.,

,V-»3

Oor. Sixth and Ohio Sts., Teen Haute. _____ I For au'cftlfcbNIC and SPECIAL Antf'

MEDICAL and SURGICAL DISEASES,

MALE or FEMALE.

m. to 13 m. m.

WuOFFICE H0UR8: 9 a. 1 p. m. to 5 p. m. 7 p. to 8 p.

A TRIAL TREATMENT FREE! in the following diseases, viz: OPIUM, MORPHINE or LAUDANUM HABITS, NERVOUS DISEASES of MEN or WOMEN and SORE, WEAK or DEFICIENT EYES.

The following treated, NO CURB!, NO PAY, via: CANCERS, TUMORS and GnRfes, TAI"E-WORMS, PILES, FJSTULA and ALL DISEASES of the RECTUM, WITHOUT KNIFE or CAUSTIC.

GOLD MEDAL, PABI8,1878. BAKER'S

Warranted absolutely pure COOOB,from -which the 6zonu ot OlIliaB been removed. It has Mr times the ttraigth of Ooooa mixed with Staroh, Arrowroot or Sugar, and la therefe.~« far mors eoonora ical, coating kit them one cent a cup. It la dellcions, nourishing, strengthening, easily digested. id admirably adapted for imiC Ids aa well aa for persona in health

about

-AT-

4 1 1 a in S re

To see our elegant fitting, unlaundried

W S

We are selling for

The best goods ever offered in this market at the price.

^New Clothing House

A.C. BRYCE & CO.,

411 Main St., Bet. Fourth and Fifth Sts., South Side. ,,

Si?',

R. M, HARRISON,

Nos. 319 and 321 Cherry St.,

,, $*-•» .1

And you will not be disappointed. He also has some second hand phaetons which he will sell cheap.

BOH WW,

111

MANUFACTURERS OF

'i I

The COMMON SENSE ENGINE AND EAGLE PUMP a specialty. Dealers in W'mght Iron Beams and Channels, Leather? Rubber and Chain Belting Bolting Chests and Cleaning Ate* chinery of everydescription used in flour mills.

Repairing promptly done.

hoptieu

CAWS.

retepglvalynfled by the Surgeon Pen, of u. 8. Army, lte proper nee.

*hytidani fetrytiher*. Wrii Abac be treatment __ nade to aptdal

PJBKEB, Prop'r,

Cor. First and Walnut Sts., Terre Haute.

is-if

I* i.

•"ii, VI..SU 1,

JiHgineisj

.. Mf, ...

Automatic Revolving Coal Screens,

Coal Shaft, Flour and Saw Mill Machinery, Bank Cars, Mills, Castings of all kinds, Cold and Hot Water Pumps, Stec«c Pumps, House Fronts, Iron Columns and all kinds of Archil* tural Iron Work.

L-i tY'SHARD RUBBER TRUSSES

\VI11 sitrcesttftilly retain the most dlffloult loriu .a V*orMia or JtHpluro, with comfort Mid «nfety. 'hereby romiltliiK in rndicaj cijre. to moisture may iwed In nerfwtly to form of body, are worn Wtthoot lncon veuienco by tho youn^oit child, most delicate

TTTTO O-RBAl!1 STXIXIVB TOXVTIC. Unsurpassed as a itemed* for General Debility, SleepU**neM, Nervous Exhaus,s ,-jWon, Dyspepsia, Impaired Vitality, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, ana

Hroken-DrnvnConsHtutions.

.' tifi A tanflHIintt. STRONGLY BHDORS1D

prepared toy Bandy & Cox,

rTeaThotuaod TrfiU tackagM xqaIM to tlantsAlam •ozwhomtooka

verarestoredtotealth tar aaeoC 1

SEMINAL PASTILLES.

absolutely

jpy jyme gtth twnblai and Ncnr»

TH» MBDICAL fROFBtSlOW.

SOX.3D XTZ* A vm aOE.A.T-'JBBg.

143

JkdV.,

of ib« laboring man, eut)"1" lour, pndaMl unpl*a*antn4M, aftd til way« reliable -7mnn r/:u^riatu, and Mtxlieoi College*, both 7'»««. Over 00,000 sppliedln ffbJ^aipnia.

Ui DOS—Beware oiimltationB thailook like"8ra Lxx's."iuade only to Mil on the repnatlon acqqireO bvo"! (roodsduringtbepwttatyean, AUseimlne ire^'amly stamped "I. i.riBELKY, WarruML*

Complete assortment, with careful adjtiBtment.for sale by^WM.: &CO. dealers In Surgical, Dental and Optical Instruments, TBBRE HAUTK, JNI.

{ESTABLISHMENTS}

Oi orract aad Skilful Meefcaoleal Treatment Ot

Adopteu «nd! trim to «vch individual oaae, ffiTjutaiictioii* foe

WM. H. AKMhlHONO

PI. Howard St., Baltimore, Md.

BEWABE OF IMITATIONS. TAKE OHLT DR. HENLEY'S.

Avoid the ixnpwitloa of pretention® MX.

,61M

for these troubtoa, aad all QoftQk/

I CURED thousands, dM« not lotK&tl with attention to bnfnww, or eauae oriooonTenlanMins •rtantirtft medial plication to the M(t ofd-— m- uulnenMls Alt without dekj. th. htnoan

weeedanlmalUig element, of lift ai» ......« frMornMehegfttlapd rapidly galm bath rti«n|lh

TREATMENT.—MONTH. W. TTO KM. 18. ZBTFCIR

HARRIS REMEDY ». Troth Btreei.BT.IOPXB.KaCKNNftMP*CO.,

Phoenix Foundry Machine Works

BTABLItiHED, 1888. 7 EN OOBPOKATM), 1879.

Manafastnma and Union ta Jwythiag B«lsting

Machinery Power, Cast and Wrought Iron Wort,

KXFiOUXH PEOMPTLI ATTENDED TV ill

213 to 235 North Kititf SL, Ne«r Ujilimtopat, ftrre Ha«^e,Jn|