Daily State Sentinel, Volume 12, Number 3951, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 June 1863 — Page 2

I UI! A SIM I M l.

t of ihee aoi'-a W4i to decide " monev in the treasury belnngit g to the fund aa The ose ably r -iJ tx up-iii which the -trn i lr wr. b pa the -tine.

TIIK 1

r nx r

llnNf... Mi'HW' ii

f- We pubb-hed ,rw 1 P letter Ii m Hon M P CowAJl.j f ain K , MB in opposit on tlf wee rd the pohthe Administration than eawthmg ever uttered by Mr YLLniiCfcJ Bhv loa no! tU former reeeit iNtoiW w-eWleWt M the 7 Co at teaa AboHHrrrUt. ibereJ"ee he can it hat no tfttam llrrllnc rInMim,. ,--e.MjiMunk 1111 to n

tUko meuree to end instant relto the - k a) snded aoldieraat VirVourg Ili'cu in wh.eh M rn CM cordially uaiU, 1 trwet Ihs ttet)(Juee will be Urge apd the eontri t.oHonn 'thcral. Tbre ahe-rtdhe tsarielsy. Oof bra re Ben oho hare tieefl stricken .hawn by di axe Or by the buliets of tho enemv In Bo per f vpooof her im. should iwt ! suffered ' war ' hile-iKe country is overflown,: o srticltaa neaaksg. Wo undaWUtand thwt Genera! Or nt teleemnha (Hot arlklsa essential for the tuck wee retting abort in the hoapithla the I eroor appeala to the ctlirena. inl let thot appeal he responded to with a laterality worthy of the 1! f t ,".' The Otnte Bebt Intere-it l""nWe publish hl morning the opinions of Judge lfaa and Judge Pxaaisa. of the Supreme ( nirt. urMi the -uetinn presented to the Court, whetf.er tbe Auditor of Stife haa any authority to iaue a warruit upon the Treasury for the pay merit of tho Mimi annual interest upon to State debt due on the lat of .lulv nett, or he Treesurer of St te r.. nr id interest out of the fun Iin the Treasury without a warrant from the Auditor The ("our! ire unaiotnoiia in the opinion that there no law author rug the piymi 1 of the uiierl or which would ' ,t t i'O ing A thia i in 'tei u which the good I '.th andVrrdit of Indiana I involved, we trnat the opinion of the Court, which we reg ird incmlrovertihlr. wdl ho enfe'itUr rrad ind oonei hur I hy very clnsen of the St ia In 146 (the State ha IbJ tailed to pee the in teret upon the public debt lor aomeyeir) 0 remorT'Oilef wee made with her erwlltora tl ry rea-ieg ote half o' the m lehilneaa for new obhgi'1 "i. ie 1 'or dke o'1 w ii'i mm 1 K'ie 1 ' iial nii'l li e I inda iiutld whi h h id ! n ppriwiaiei hv the (.Jener i' OoverWBtBl for i'a . (..inn '1O1.- h. v' .1. piial '.t.fj it f.iith for tin punrliMl pivmrnt of lite ii.ti-te-t on - mo b.iida In l.VI the I.e.'ialature, in view of thu lo.ae m inner in whirh the flnanc-inl tiff lira ol the State hid tfMi ron-liiPteil, enn-teil u trin gont law prohibitiHg the An MoT nti'l I I oref f. State fmm Withdvtwing anv BOOTf Irom the 1 t. 1 dire of appro priation. mule I U I'iie ttewowal Aeinlly of th at n.r .' ..el - onatrtirtioii ujam that aet by proviliiir I"' the ; it nient ! 1 1 n.t !-(. upon the State .lei. i Ibr At eu eiling two yeera, in Bjejfrweril opprnprhition hill In I -I'd tlie eg bftature u i-el what ia known aa the embexxle meni law. providni" hev im-ihImim Ii or anv vio lation of the I iw et.thliahing a Treaaury ayntem, which had heen enttcte! two en- pri'v.oui Thelien ii -enllv of l-ld provided I the noyment of the interest upon the public debt for the two rreediü:' er-.m the Louier.il ! propruttion bill There wa a mijoHty of lnm eratic inembera in both brutnihe-. of ttie l.ei-! itnre of l-tid, which -emdel in .! um ir 1 . -1 They were onnatit u lionally elected, m l t c; re-ented the ientimenta of a ni.ijontv td the je.iple of Indiana Several billa iijmui no'i-ure of jutlic policy were nia-ture-l v the mijority of the l.eid ittirc, an I were re-"eniel f..r i' eoiiiieratioii Some of theee wore object loi-able to the minority. The Constitution r. i, e- lli it ii l.iw rnn b enaeted Onleaa a quorum of e ich House di d! he present, end it i- m-ide to ronaial of two tlimls of the members ( 1 1 h hi inch ol the Leialature. Tho ConatillltiiMj restrict-, tic -e-sions to sixty one doya', an l all 1 1 muat he enacted within tifty nfnedFvs Thirteen diys raevious to the expiration of the t 'onstituiional lei m of the LogtolotPfQ end lielbre the appropriation billa neceaanry to eust iir the S'ate (overnnient nid rovide for the pivrnpnt ol t'ie obligations of her ereditoro, a aufflcteht nunder of the Republican members Of thft lower Hoi-.' 'o l.reik i ipioruill. Ih'llfd, left the eil, und thin blocked the wheel ol Iclalat'ntti and pre vent el the dopt oti ol ne.-e-- u v Uw to meet the in lebteilne-s ..f the Si ,t, to her creditor A niiworitv nt' the Republican mem hers aecedel w.tlt the full knowledge that their met wioiJ.l stop U'i.-I ition A Kepuhliean member pmnounce! this proeee lm' as n ein treiion, mm violie of the eonatitution, as th" withdrawn! ' Booth t'iro' ut Irom the Tnion The eo-edin ; Rep .!- in oiiaorUj of the legialeture went to Modiaon, on the Oh river, ao as to be able to :e oii ..f ihe j..r:..i. lion "d the State in eaae anv ihei'ure should be adopted to com

pel them to return to the i!ich ir-e of their conetifutloii ii ohl .riori. and t!ie rem lined away j antil alter the time hod elapoed for the constitn : tioiiitl enactment of law The apoor of the aece-ioniata for bolting, , was their feir that a military l;iw would be adopteil, win. h the declared to be objectionable on pirti n urouu.'s not only, but uncoaattt I tin on I Hut in t Iii regard they are without ei CUe It the hd lemoned in their sms thcouhl hive tiefen teil this bill hv constitutional loTialafive eTieTtenta. and thev were alo acl. vi-ed: th'tit could not oass the -c ute And if the profined fu! 1 101 .. -titution il. a a alleged, the - .'it t s con' ! hue so de- de l . an d thus in t.'e it e nullity Such heilig the cae. it meat be OOO.-eded 'hit heil i.iion wis ic.ut..n arv. and without j ttati fiea I ion When they bolted it wa with the full knowledge that their ct would ''efeit the p i. c of the a: nr-ot i i' on bills, and thus leopant'e and m dvethe rridit and f hU of ihe State TIict lelt with theae fart- -tr ije them in the faeo The erMh,3 mineirifT o,tH with the knowl edfre advice nd approval of ttorernor Mobtow. Re counselled them to, and oatiSi them in thie rwilntiovi of theronth ,,f offlre He ia more guilty than thev for thev , uid not have taken thia rerolntiotiarv -te;. w I ,ut his -reeme.it to

taud hi and uph d tlirtn The ttme ia near at hand for the Treasurer of S'. t, i funds in the citv of N,.w York to o mawt the BOOfwhag Joly iuert-i epno the.- e debt The ftvernor. too, under aurh ehwoa lay oi. eihi :iU.r and Treaurcr - . ioao-itbr f.. r. (N ib llTvofwirhdrawkum an.) from the tren.urv f,.r that purpose, ai d arfwfw that the la- . S- , re : 1 1 a' ti ftU tlnieed them to .j., Th(W r juM no. ( BJeh a conatrurtion up..,, f u thiaUatioii. the hm lonl m iU S,Wi,,,f Fund applied fr a maiMi ,te dire, i,,, ,,,r Au.r(r ,u dr iw hia warr int upon the tre;.., p t , . ,Q tore; I i lr Kin. u. of th.- t ah lowed the mo. late Fmm tl.' de. inn nn ,p pwal wm taken to the Supreme Court. ,m Jwdfo. then rhaugaxi hi deriaion an! refuar IWw i ntMnstaite nt 4 from this derhwou nn ap Ool im takeu to the court of last re- r

The or Uw in t

for ,i u..reme Court v Ho. .lont K

P m. and Mer- H i A B'.i. u r..r of Ihe ,,,,, i -e Iteii.K - im . mal by 'He Wuney Oener .1. Oaraa B 11 ml F! !. Tn H'-A

ilrue! into a direct appropriati n, ftni

.ul ' A

Hi- moaeva paid t-.t urteil to each ro e

I

th.

ve fur ! to a ' flioe. ai the .r: vor of nnv ; era,i

ev

on anv one of thee fund ; are duly rejii-tereil.

i n tl., . . i in -ee it ar.v time

n

Hci'ox a against its issue. The

f . mfimr a full intrMlirr.lim. nf tho nnc'inni

iim . mm wm w w w - t Tie ' v r,,ii(i'e re niiina i.t wie i rwwww. i tissue, hare der-ded tliat the State officer have ham), of anv particular fund, to hjetdi

iHiaiwIrTtf aaviif theintarratimb--' .nuance aurh a the -a. ne f utel, the t, r tai lund. toe , ma mt . i I lrniveraity fund, the general fund. sc. of -j. ihe ler.ai n veappeoprialmna The Curt ,n Whtoi9r m .v ha;C t.een the general re our p-'m-m make the rase ao cleir that there' affeeting. perhap. h trtrurture of the Govern cannot bo i wolill ill u' l of the rrectneae ment iU" If. we auprawe than immediate reason the Of their lllllf II The Journal rhar,es corrup Auditor wa. phioi.e.! fr,.m drawing warranU f sgmt in fact due. but, in iuuii e where tho. uron the Couat and that it h . been infl'i .),, ... IWI milllP, i rovidl to nav the atme,

I wwawa Iii b r aeirrd bv mrtiann avmnithies When the (bv , a desire to prevent -U'-h warrants

, nd kin nullikeal frienda can coi.tr.M t t -he fr on accumulating or beinu' thrown upon the

opinionaof the Oourt. it wilithen be time to make

uch infamoua anil m ioua charges The deiion of Uie ( 'ourt was m de eirly, ao ns to give the (iovemer tho opportant&y t apply threme.lv at bia oeteol. The Constitution lOtla r ixe turn u eiuhle the Legialatttre in apeeial session wtietiever the public .leiom d it. He hi nmpfe time to do ao. Ttie LerHl i

and thercbv, ierhapi. depreciating the

crwiit of the Siate. All uu had wiluei'sed the depreciation, m aany counties of tho State, ol count v order thus iued without thia ailtltarv restriction. Fur. in aubstance. n county onier 1a w irrant drawn by the I 'ouiif v Auditor tipin tho Treasurer: and Uie deire-iatiou of auch orders rery much embarrassed the finances of many

counties.

It la plain, th ,t aaie. whether a ua'e to the

:ted or not, the Liv4' i'ive inn

- ait aar n V

lure eaa lie as m'. . J in ion uoy. ! ...... t ...,r ,i,lu

I a"HIMi-H tll e III '1 I'H v lll'lll Ol a raw. rl v enoogh to paea the necessary WW I bur, prohibits the witlnlraw.il of any

lo pay thoJatereat and place it in New Vork be

fore it become duo Ihe responsibility now rests with the (ioternor If he dcMa not aaaeni bleibe Legislature, it will not be an exhibition of lirmiic-w, but if Mubbornttena. And if the in torest ia nut paid, he and hia party I'rieniN will be chnrgehle with nil the disgrace which may at tach for thie violation of the good faith and honor of the Slate they will bo tjuilty of causing ie puiliatio.i There ia no eacape from tlna dilem mi iid wor-e than diUiinna. ritine We unilerataiid that the OovBOOf ia raativia the tnoneya due tiie State, and is paying them out under hia own direction and by hia own ofh em. This, he haa no i.jht to do We. ala... learn tti it he h is iasue i a circul ir to ttie ollicei - ol v ii .-..unties hi the State, calling on thorn for ulvineea to him The ennntv ofheera have no tiuht in niki' inch loin-, and they are M hl I iw All ttiesc acta are vioJaliOM nf ttie CoQatitotios), and every good citixeu almuM .hrountenniice them. The evila now uon the Oaiatn were caiii.t by a disregur l nf eoaotlte tiounl obligationa, and they ahoiild n ' re lM'iio.1 ufsm n amall aeale in Indiun, from the aanrw cmiae. Kvery proposal to violate thaOon alitution should be resisted, come from ahil source ii may Oioiooia of flic amp reinc f'otirl on I lie Interest (iiivllsn.

The St-.te ex rel of )

Tin- II in 1 ol Sinking Fund ( 'oinin - -ionci .,

ra.

Appeal frOB M ui.Hi ('. C.

I

Ui-line. Auditor of S it

Hanna J This was a proeeadtng to obtain n III md .to ae lin-1 Kisi'i c. i Am in.. i , to compel him to iau i warrant on (ho Tie miroro! S'n'e, I.. ..I tin the .4BH'iit ..I (lie --iii! annil il inter I I epon certain parta of the public debt. There was a tiemutrer ut one I to the com plaint .lii'l .. fin lor the deici . i nt The alleg iti'Uia in the compl tint were -uh-tnii tiallv t he same with those et loith in i caae. o tili term . ' t v ceil the - line partie. but appeo ilr' to hive been deciddl dilVcientlv below. OftBtNM thoae to whom the ilitcreal is It 1 1 due. are in xioin to receiv e the - inie The olli cera of State, through counacl, express them -el i c aa anxious to piy it. if ihev hi.e nithoiilv to do so i; ,rh patty saks aa, without od to mere form- and technicalities, to determine as to the power and dull ol said ..:h. ci , i elat ii e lo sin li piivment. under the lawn now in force 'file Cowatltation, adopted in IHM, contains this pro i on Sec .1, Art 10 "No BtHBJ sh ill be ilra wn from ttie nnblio 'I'rea-urv. but in pursuance of eppropriatioua made l. hw." At ttie time of the adoption of sod section l MM Convention and by the peot.le, there exi-tsl a large debt il' -im! the Slate, the -euii iniinalia t,rest nn which - inoie (hin one hundred and liltv thousind dollars; payable half veirly in the eitt of New York, as per arrangement with the bond hoi. lei s. under the acts of IMti ittd 1847. To mtkc these aemi annu il payments it wis necessary to get the money, in some form or in inner, con eve I or tr in-dci red Irom the Trwaa urv here, to the oltice of the Atieni ol State, it the citv of New Yoik A custom sprang up, dating from the 'ime our debt was lundeii. under said art", and ciMitinuing in an a I moat, it not ijuite. unbroken chain until I" .!. by which, upon the t eqekrition of the A-Ont of State, the funds were transferred to New York, to hia control, to m ike sii p i inetits. without a s;.e.'i J appropt i i tiou having been previou.li made of o u h amount so transfer roil At the legislative session of l-.",7 funds were not provided. BOff appn-nn ition m-.de. to un aaul itittresi, and other ennent expenses In the attempt to rented? this neglect of the lei-l uhre body, the Kaeaeal ve and Admialstratira otli era, ereitc! i ! i t pr ivile the funds, and paid iliem ui m discharge of said twterawl It is within our knowledge, as a pait of the h M t ol die State, th it the acts of these offi. er, .md the failure of the Logialal ure t act . prov otxe ! mtirh comment, by which pulili attoatioa v u deawq to the queetiona involved in ihe i mtpo versy. .i the sssion of 1S;VJ, the Legisl ituie paaae ! an ict . in rel ition to. or providing, n TroisOTl arstem; bv t!ie -ci en'lt e -'i -n .:' !.' !., riem. tel. irnon; other t!uiiL'. t'i it: "The Tieiurer of S? ate is expressiv ptohibire l from r, ivin-j anv ni'Miev out of, or transferring anv money from the Treisurv of St te, ex o: i BpfB the war rant of the An tiaerOal Beate " Acts I -.'!. p 83i And in the eighili section it ia dee! a red th it "the Au lit- r of Si te sh ill at no time draw a warrant upon ttie TrO leWfOf of State unless there be money in the Treiaury belonging to the fund upfn wh'ndi the - ime is driwn to i , the same, and in conformity to apprup iatiowa m nie bv law, and on monev aotaallf in the treasurv, subject to tho pivme.it ih. s.ms.'' I U it ia evident that ttie prov! ,ns. thus ipiote I. contemplate,! two things. First, to carry into full etTect the atetimj of the Constitution strive I I note I ; in I , s,v.,nd I v , to ere ite, or at least m tin i mi, a strict ns'em Oi checks upon each other in the Auditor's tad i rwtsarer'a oracoj in reginl to bhe monexa of the people enlru-'c i (.. ih , ,,e ,,i a id officer a. This thinl section of tho Gonatltotloa wi not se' f e,v .t .i, . 1 1 . ; . ,!. !-: it m hl be Opel I dra apaa the coticinice ol the perenwiawora to support it; and through tint channel, punishment might follow a di.aregird of its behesta, vc n temiMtnl puiii-sliment, or forfeiture, w tsBytcribed, and tlierefore .aupjaists! .piestion of ovcrrtdiu-' ui' ia- ii wen sullcreij t blind the e e-

..: - to the remote cone,ueeeea of a difreg ml of this plain provision of tiie fandatnental law I he Bwauta ot IrrM w no. in itaelf. am m ire hitidi'i? thin the rnnttitati.mil brnriatoaj and. there fare, rhe reiH,n of the an ict bomi i ol the law of I6I . pre. ribing penalties and pQnkthmeot tor a fiolation ol that ol I .'i . u a . .iae,l upon the principle embodied ia the C e-titntion Bv said act of l"! it ia mule a fclonv for an f

monev Irom he Tre.iaurv. pi icci there'll the ex

aaaaa, r throagh the eradR, of the people, with out au appro priatton hiving been first made, and i warrant drawn by tho Auditor. The whole controversy reaolve itself Into the aimple question, of whether thire are existiti" lawa making appropriation lor the pumentol -nrh infere-f Such lawa can only be crentcl hy the Ieu'iaiative department Thev cannot, ox cluaivelv, grow out of anv usi.'C prevailing in either of the other depart oaenta Perhaps long ' iblishet! liaiL'e m iv be shown to dcmonatrale the senae in which i law. proviotialy en nMed. ill unde.stoiMl by llio-c hiving the fittest opt,rtuni tv d knowing Smith'a ?om on Oaael Goa atructioit n. 948. I"1 VU t,,i4 l",'n' il "That ttWttoWiporary couetru tin ia iimperl) re aorfel to, to illuaualo nl onfirm the teat, to explain a dotibtlul phtaae. or to expound an (B M itre c I mac. and in nn. -ition to l!ie unifotnidy of thai ooaotrvct nu.l the known nbilltj IM t ileiit. of tilOSs bv WwOB K 1 1 given, is the erottft to wh'n h it is entitled, it Can never abrogate I hi text, it can never narrow down its true men inj, i rim nrrtr t nlirir if natural hnantarir$." Story oa the Oonst With these landtnaiks s guide-, lot us look to t lie MM, which, It ig Ol 1 1 in . I ppaTriprlaM the monev to pav nid intetest and ii i hat Im the awnlitarlal ttwtoaB to withdraw it from the Tvwaaarj for that ptiraaee I. is i echot) of the net M .lanuiry ltt, tMCt as billows; 8rc f The interest ..n the -to -k her. bv ere ated, ah il! tie payable hn!f yearly, at the City ol New Yoi k, on the Iii i d iv ol .1 i nu n v and .lull of eich venr; commencing on ttie first day of July, 1 H.7 hut if the interest for any half year nhal! aot be demanded lioforo 'he expirition of thirteen months from ttie time the same be c ime ilue. it sh ill ntilv be ileinan I dle aftcrw.iril nt (he Treasurv of the S itc, und, for the t i metil of the Intci est ml the redemption of the principal .- herein pro ided, ilie lailli of ttie Stale i- hciehv -olemnlv itelge,l." II. is tho latter part f the I l'h ection f the 10! of hl 'JTili of JiAilitrv. 11. follows: ' Br 1 further rnnc.tni. That all MOOti to te created, and nil eel tilicutes and other ItBtfl BBM ol title to bo issue I in pursu nu ö of tho ill art, end a" principal, mourn s und interest tlioii hv respectively ecured, h .1 1 1 imi be molest ed or impiire.l, arrested N ntfa died bl the Si tie of Indiana " 111 Tlie-e two c! iiles of the nrfa n tniral, il ia -aid, were aofficienl authority, mid reardi-.l na such, bv those whose duty it was to gu ird the funds ol the Stale, umiii which to Ml siid interest; until the mloptioii of the new fjQtielilntion, which contained ttie following: Si. J, Aur X All the tei enues derived from the silo ot ntn ot the public works belonging to

the State, and from the net annual income there of. und any stirplua that ma at any lime remain in the Tiuasurv. derived from taxation hu rener .1 Si ite purposes, after the pavment of tho ordinary exneti es of the (loveriitnent and of theinieiest on bonds .(' the State oilier than bank bonds, sh ill tie iiiuiuallv applied, under the direction of the 0 antral A einhlv. to the ptvmont of the principal of the public .lebt." Ii is claimed that this section impliedly appro pti ites the Itiuds in the treasury, derived fnon taaatioa for general Baate purposes, after the pay Bianl Of the ordinary expenses o! the (iovern ment; first, to the pivmcnt of this interest, and, second! v, to the pavment ol the principal. IV Is the 1 fit! 1 'section of tho net of lvö:i 1 j follows; "At some coin enient peri'Kl, prior to the f illii ' duo of the interest an the fateica debt of the S- ite. payable it New York, the Tie i-utcr shall, whhonl making anv dicrimiiiafion, draw 011 the bank notes ia the rwaaary an amount of specie S'lffii ient to p i v s ml inteie.-t, which he hall transmit to New Yoi k b cxttcs. or ot tier i-e,a- inny tie deemed mot Mfe; hut anybiuk or bu kaon wlioe notes specie is thus deuiuidid. may redorm au di notes to the extent at audi dividends, by draft m New York, p iv able liteon diva pro ctslinc thed iv of pivmcnt of said iutciavt. and without any premium of exchange, md giv.iiL; ' en kt ocuritv to the Treasurer for the prompt payment thereof M Qta we sty. in view of these provisions of law quoted Ii ..Ii fun I 1 uiciital and -tatuu. in view nf the a sage thai Beiatahaad thereunder, in view of the u ts of v!) and 1861, and of the MBBI thit prwdaoad the same and of the ehanga of 11- ige theraaflar, tint appropriations or the pal nient oi auataat have baaa atade hi lawl If we i"li t. 1 hen it would foMow tint the withdrawal ot the in Bw Ir on the l'rciurv. for such par poae. would subject theoAeor, aattaf in that be halt, t the parotitic- pie-ciüied b the etiib.!c ment at M fj Ceit dull the faith of the St tat vv..s ptodited for the ntv ment of the intete-t and. oidui itel v, ol the prineipal of the fundeil debt . l, she acts ot 1-1.1 ...I IdiV. 1 . ..

n ... 1 im, w 1, iiiera continuing, ntv propti -ition iihereiu, tint auch good faith might be m lint line!'.' It is clear that under th- present coniitution. and. perhape. as fully under thai which picooded it. the power to raise reenue nn.! to control the tHtpoeition there d alter if is mlaid. i ve-te 1 in the Legislative br inch of the OeeamaWM We cannot aaf but what ihore mit;i.t be eaawea of erv grou moment, vt Iii Ii ni g .i be considereil by sucti tu-mch at ttie ti w eminent ol su-h ovei -riilin-g im;, iriance as to justify the temtxn tri aus peii on ot the collection of any cotisi.lcrabie amount of taxes. Thia might be produced by a widespreul and general lamitie or other calamity . 1 h Be fore, thit depiitmeut Bight deire bl 00a trol the diafMohaoa of the tund- in ilie Treasiny. in a hi 1 "i othei th u. towaraa the pa j Bant ol unrtTl tra the fnhtir iahi It the ugajMal thai tho acta of 1846 and 1 -47 ahatoM beewnotrwad n an aptiropri itum. is given the lull lone el timed . it would go to the length of tn unt lining ttiit such continuing a;proi it.tion became a rart ( the emit roee Of tott'enouit mtti the bond holoBi and not suhje 1 to the future control of the legis latiiro. except as involving a breach of stuli con

l act uon the pirt of the St ite We ne of the opinion th it there was not. in the : acta ol IMti and 147. an aparonoiai m ol fee la in e--iiv I 'i ihe iiv ment td the mtereet thai ni'irbt accrue in ttie future upm a-, id fun ie lebt J 'luii v, is 1 ;geo the t ilth ot ti e Sr ,c that uch action should lie tl id in the future bu. that

annually, of 1 irge sum. I of men who frmel that Oon el lo make a tending approp

k, thev would hive prr

lly, at d would n..t have tti detit to another nviter

tiou h l itiietio .n. lor vora to .ed the work di n it in as mere

T! . -ii !es nu ,e adonted bv the St it to p' tre 1 hp nc ,, fi m c ev in thai treaaurr, ' preparatory to mvmei.t of dernir d cain-t tier, are tax ition . bijrrowing, k- . ont art 1'. -oC. . hut t e monev r use,! bv either mode rau-t be placed in the S'ate treasurv betöre it la apnlied hi !

ovs-nt of dHita Thi-i ia expressiv reipitmi hv

We come now f. cotis.br the :ourth point, that ''nie I O. B H.p 645 Tho m uiev must tc ia, the sixteenth section of the act of lcoD, which, pod to the several creditor of the State, by the i it is inslste!, operates as an appropriation. We ggOWt Of State in the citv of New York, but it i may aay generally that it cannot escape the most rnnt t,e trmaferreil to him, lo he thus used, from I caaiial obei vatiori that Ihe act lue not profea ttie treiaury of the Sf.-ite. St f n 11 in .;v,'is. by the j to he an appropriation act ; nor ia there any Ian State Treasurer. Such is the statute In the I jjuage emyloved in t Ira particular section that we code of 1843. p 29" j we find this section:

uanaiiy nnn in appropriation oitta wearenaKo: jarc lr The Ireia'irer hall alao alvanee. to infer that an appropriation wn intended Im from time to time, to the State - nt. auch sums cause certain other thiujra were directeil to be of monev as shill tie noceaaarv t 1 pa the ainci d bv the Trca-urer of St .fe; F rt, ttie time pal nd interest on the public debt ." k

of the Kin r was the establishment of the (rreat

it

"i of Parliament at" Thiaprinn the !.-:s mney he might acretioo, or that

1 htel that he wa.a to do two arts, namclv, oh tain from tho banks apeeie n notes in the Treis tin, ant traii-md it to New York. Se idly, the Bannet ia which he ahall perform this dutv is prescribed, namely, without ' discrimination" he ia to draw upon said banks for the payment of specie aa -aid notes Thia ia strictly in accord alee with the section immed; itel v preceding it. which directs the Treasurer. ::. m iKint ' ire

By the art t KV). it i.aprovi del that, "at a ime

conv.-tvent erio I, pr'or to the falling due of the interest on the foreign debt of the St ite. piyahle at. &e the Treasurer ahall. A-' . Ir nismit to Niw York." Af This section is incomplete, in this that it does n.. s,y to whom, in Now York, ihe Treasurer shall transter them. .net. but wheti we look at the acts prescribing the dntv .: the A'gent

of State, we find the defect may be cot jecturally

menta. to pay out bank notes in the irder of time aunplied ; nr dfs the section n:p!v or "lirectlv , . 1 1 . t 1 a, 1 . .... . .

in wlncii mev . shall Neic i, el. maku ? n .lis

crimination in favor of anv banks, kc Whv w 1- this inserted'.' because, a is wdl known, as a part of the history of the times, there h id been inform 1! charges circulated, whether true or falae we know not. that 'rtain pets .n- who had. be fore th it time, been in cotilr.d of the St ite funds, had. by virtue of their position, very muh fa ot ed certain moneye! instituthma in the State This was the direction ua to the in inner in which ho should obt tin the neess4ry amount of Specie that he was forbl I. Ion to run upon one hmk and lock up the circulation of another When lie had thus obtained the funds he aas to tr .all - ri 1 1 1 the same to New York by eviross or other aafe moile; but no per-on or other is named to wluun he Is to send it. nor i it direetl v ai I

author:?:." the application of the monev in piv

moTit ef anything The pesti n now ariaea liow. u;wan what authority, what condition prcee detit. cm the Treasurer mike ttie transfer or ad vanoe the funds! Tho I iw exrvieitlv answers the question Ry the code of l"4'l. p i.V2. it wa enactei!: "Skc 21 Sudi a.lvaticea shall be made on reqaisittone drawn hw aha Auditor of public ac counts on the Treaurcr ot State, wh'ch shall be nuinbere.1. und the amount thereof charged, by aai I Au l. tor. to the C mimiasioner or Agent re co in tho same m a book t be keni for that purposs; md for the amount ao charged ttie Com Btfatoawf or Agent shall settle with the Audi lor." Ac "Sh '.2 For the amount of satisfactory

that it shall be p ii I upon the interest on the pub " vouchor- produced t such sei tlemeiit -. ttie Audi lie debt Tpini -The next part ol the section is p,r ahall iasue warr mia with which shall be re elearlv for the benefit of the I, ink-, that i-. when doomed the re.pjisiti.ms Imfore isued; and should the ilemabd is made upon them, on the notes In nnv itiount vet remain in any auch iirent'a hands, the Treasury, they may furnish drifts on New he shall refund the ime to the trei-ury, unless York instead of the -jecie. upon the terms named thesime shall be required for a new cxpondiin said section T 'KüiLT these two ecti m-. the turc. when a new requisition ahall be obtained

lilteenlh and sixteeth. to'getlior. and u pretty thero!ore

clearly iipenr that ihe gener. I interest, .s well us the 1 I u.tci c-t . of b inks v .s being looked to in the enactment of said oe'ion. hont as um -h ns Uta forntathm ol 1 irtaaary ayattB. Viewing thec two MCttolM in thia light, end it ia tleer to us th it thc were intemletl merely ns di ic. iorv la ihe Tiei-urOf ns lo the mo lo or man ner in whicti he should di -charge hia lutt. when

!' ler this tatne then, a re aaonnlde time ba

fi.ro the interest fell due, the Agent of State pro cured from the Auditor a requisition on Ihe Treaeute . upon which the latter tratbMiltlad the itum ev to the A cut, which requiaition was afterward red ee Bad by a warrant Hut in Hf9, the law are m !" hive heen clntiged to this xtent that th w irrant is.siira in the

an appropriation Btgllt be m ide; therefore, we will frt instance in nl .cp ,f ttie re.uisitiou, lima sjni examine the hole id to ee I ihcr a m t ex plil'v in; Oie tr ins action wlthntk ntiv possible h tendeil coiiatiuction oiudit .. beplio! upon ihe ere 1-0 of I1170.I to the public fund. Sec. 1 of laiignageemj. I, i ed. and in h inlet pi ei ., iop placed the net t I -.VI. I (. II, tilTj de I os thit thereat) will make it an iet providing for coa . Naha TraaearB ol state ia exnreslv prohibited tinaing npproj.riatins This is mule nc a-sary from paying mi monev out ol. or tratislernng for. up to the p iss age of ihis act, nur conclusion any monev I'mm the Treasury d" Stute, except la tint no upniopti ition existtnl It i cleulv upon the ivarraltf of the Auditor of State" It r cht in the interpret ition of any particular part is thus plain beyond a doubt that the Agent of of 11 statute, to hu.k to the w hole context, to Ihe Sat must ro -i the money lor the pavment ol pnvunhlo.il th re is one, to the title, and to the oar interest. wh (tier tliat monev mat have been etrcnawtaecos w hu h ailed lorih the eiimu ment. 1 ii-s bv t ixntion, borrowing, or otherwise, from We have . !i . 1 ! ijuotisl port '"tn of the 7th and the treasury of (he State, and thai ihe I re a urer Hth saettona. prohibiting ihe Auditor from 1 can not now, nor could he ev or. transfer or ml drawing 11 warrant, nnd the Treiurer ftoml ranee thai monej to the A cent, except upon aa p 1 ill'' . r I im dcrrilli; the in u ei s 111 the Tre 1 th.-t il v previously glrOD bv the Auditor "d Si oe, urv. except bv virtue of appropri it nun made a w r oil from him, Of a requisition, the eijuiv e ei ; helots . if bv this sixteetli section, a Ie I nient of a wan nit

apjifi I'l.ithMi wta made, or bv nnv other vail I I This settle'' the ipiestion as to the jaiwer mid

!:ke all other h . 111 in aff.ir-. wis sibie-t to he

I I'llll'.fiti tSl f 1 iiLnii'alt'iaak tit il Mhirtlt I a 1 01 t atoi

hcer to c .nven b. h . own use. kc . contrary rietweaa trwgirof .uch pleare sad the fal law any fun-la replace;! in hiseare. and ponished filaeJl , y leTfM T(0 ,,llltr(.t mHh M.e by fiue. 4c. aad .mpriso0e. Inou one f, twenty iu af gia was coitsumated ia new of this one pea. And to pay out monev m anv other UAhle elenifnt in human calculaii..ns manner except as pee-sTil.! by Uw.the Trwaaw I A, to the thirl point relie-l epOO. we mav afe rer is subject .0 1 lino ot from fill v to fire htm 4 gtlltil ,j prupu-muu. almos. üniver drod dollars and .mpnsonment not less than ouc M..hat cotUtulious lui.damental laws, do year, ami to use the 111 net of .u.e lund to pii ,Jt,t cMlUit,. n(r are ther BIBlded to contain. Iralts upon in othe. (und uhjevts him lo a pun rontinuini: anoco aria . of moot for anecific

: - - The .tin 'pies upon wnich t ixe should be levied, revoeee risevi and expende!. tun belaid down, but sm h instruments do not, u-u illy descend to the particularity ol making spe ci al apprnrwiatiofrs, to nieCt fnfnre contemplateil indebtelness. As t tt.e fsirticwlar saettoa of the Constitution now under considcrat i.n. it anrseir

After the paanageor the Uw jf 19, wh itvr , h(lxt. been Iraateil as a d.re. tnm 1 troi ii , ... ue end . .1 . "., w growing up and maiiw.ng ,Il4llra di.a,-,-.ti. of any sUrplua thu m:gbt re in reg ml to withdraw. t,g mmev Irom the treiau mii, w Treiau v . ,c..,el lorn named; ry.was at.mce ihn. tone.! fr the pi liner and leas L, ,j,e di.."htrgr of Ihe -.nbtiarv ex haiaardoua mode preecribeU by the Consiitution p,. ,,f i,e t Jo en. ment and pmni . f inter ' ct nn the debt namely, that il should 00 pant It is manifest, upon a e ireful consideration of .1, the principal d s. id debt, that la, thu it aVoaM the act of lHä!. th it il the Trea-urer of St vte ia not be rikeU in fut ure, in -j d uions. vr leiiuitte,l to remove money from the trea-m '.med. Ac Ths was the !e. ding Mtfa itno!ve"l .!. o,t ft 1-1 pcocurinx authoritv from the in .,id section the disposition of the surplus Auditor, it w. u I he iaoaaibls for the lat The ither in. .1 n.entiuiiwj only as inci ter officer to perform hia dutr. for It i trrlctti en dent d lo -he main i.i 1 '0.41 .,,-.11 h.m th4t be sh ,!1 at n . lime .Ins a We a ihu.k lb il the parts ll ..vlieti. waiiaut ui-,n the I tei.urer ol Stole utile there 1 thus mcKleiitalU place-1 111 the Coiisii(miuii,ahould

law. th.- doty of ttie Auditor amler said eighth Bwtton would be lo draw ttie proper warrant, Ac, Can we say, looking ( the w hole .ct . that ti e law makers iltlcti'hsl. bv the oOscun BO lUfaC lory linginge ihiiI la said sixteenth -ecioti, to In- ithe into being so importanl t 1 iw :ta ih il Of which, every half year, over one hundred ana lilti thousand dollars of the taxes colle -leil fiom their constitoent' was to bo traaitferred ami paid with nit the limit" of the State. Then let us look with c ire to tho w hole net 'I he Constitution- of Indians, article lour, hi tiou nineteen, provides that -every act shall em brace hut one subject and m it'et properly con tiectcd therewith; which Buhjecl shall tie cxnt OSM I in ihe title" We should nssume, in every in Maace, thai legislation was h ul wilti refei enee lo this section; nnd, iherefnra, to tiud ihe subject ol an oeeetmcwl eg ahowM eaaeataa the titt,-1. saeh net HON the title is '"An act to provide a Tren-urv -vstem tor the State of Indiana, for the in inner of receiving, holding nnd disbursing the puhlic moneys tf he State, nml for the snle keening of tho public nonovs " W hut is Ihe leading hien h-re tho subject on whtoh h gislntive wisdom w is being brough' la boae. It is Ihe estahlllhaient of a Treasury sya tetii incidental to this leading idea are the mi nor detail: Iii st. of the m inner in which money can get into said Tr i-ur namely, upon the cer iMcate and drift of ihe Auditor in favor of the Tre 1 -urer, see section fi: second, is to hoMing said m moy. the Treasurer iaexpres!y proliiliite:! froB lo ining, using, or ner mi Hing any other per son to use, dcosit, or exchange said money, tint ia to keep it in the place provided, ge., -eel ion .r Third, ns to the mode ol Vi-burs ing This we h ive already been considering, and is in. 111 wafiagB BatWII by ÜM Auditor; pav montf m ida and rceipts taken by ihe Tre .-urer: section 8. Fourth, as to the s itc keeping of aaid funds, in ttiis is Hlldllded lb it portion of the siid statute which provides for 1 Tr.-isurv building, aale, vaults, Ac , and alao the safe guard of hciw b"-.d to be executed hy the Treasurer for the duo discharge of the duties devolved upon Mm 1 ' .11 it he believed, cmddering this title with raterwaee b the constitutional provision 1 1 -1 qnototl, that a continuing approoriation of ln:SUate, for IR indefinite period ol time, would be found Covered up under the icnn "maiitirr of till bursitis the public moi evs?" 1 1 ungear to us thai the " nninner " ptOlltM for in ihn act was upon warrant drawn, as cmtrn distinguished from the minurr which had before prevailed, In SORB (gel nice-, of removing money ftB the Irapeorj that is aVshavatog it. apaa n reposition ohlv the subject matter of thia act was nnd is the es- iblishtuent ot a treisurv BffStOOl The m Itters properly connected with tint subject uerepiovid im: a piaee t k"c;i so. I fttnda and the mode in whhrh I hey ahoakl be kept, and the satoguards t. na are iha laaaBpliehaBwl at thai object the m in ! or Mode by wlii. ti rnonev -honld get into ih- lieeearjr. sad ia ahleh it shoaM get out ü the. si me This w.s necessary . that the proper eliecha and bd iii - might exi-t hatwoaa the üfBel persons hiving control and charge ol

said funds Oouid any sppropt 1 "turns tlist Bight BO mute f'-r any ; u pose. and eieciallv for 1 puqioso foreign lo that of ihe est ib!i. timei.t of the Trei-ury a si m Itaetf, be eonsjdered il matter proprly connect,',! with a.aid Mbjaetol legiaiaUon! To stv the 1imi of it, it is not a pnstMii bevHsd doubt that Noh lcisla lion woutd lie ralal when Iwiughi atwiut by the niovt f 1 n .hie tin 11 mat int e- And certainly where the whole ewasiaionl was the result of public it (,uin into the i ts and Inf BtW mode ol trans 1. -tin- bwelnOaS im thit rttmrct.Uy these pub fic officera, ind was a legislative roawlewrnatton of auch course, s-e would expect to see legislation left phtie and without anihictiity , aa toOhodnty of auch oAeerOi in ttie future tr nsa-tion of the eaa 'oaiaras It, a word, lhal ihe eircumalances which begot thia Icgialarion. were audi that WO boftere if the law Batten had intended to mike appropriationa by this section, running liirmigh an uncert ot; length of t.me. they would have ox pressed that intention in unegejeoonl term. We are strengthened la th'i view by ti.e fact that at the aaeae iceatoa, by another act, thev appropria tdl sx huptlre l and forty thouaandl"ll irs to ptv the ifoere-t on the public debt for the vears 1 .! an! 8Ct1 t!-is was approvt M rch 5, lM Acts !.:. p. li four days alter the act creating the Tre isurr svatem, which, it ia now Insisted, hil already mule a continuing appropriation; and also by the action of the mbscpient Legisla

lure, in appropriating like sums, for the same ' punsise. fur ihe years 161 and l-t2 Acts It I, Dp (land 7.

rrutn ttieae cot.sideratnvtis, the coticluim is

ishmeut aotnewh.it similar. And the Auditor, to Iraw a warrant, unless itiere te money in the ur.i.ir U'i....fc lo ilie lund irawu on. aud in cuformiiy ta apurpriilHut made by law. sub je.Ls himself 1 1 a Bue of from one hundred to a e thousm.1 dollars and imprisonment from one to atx mon'i

dutv of the Tieasiirer; I use. by see .'I of the net of Keb 'g, 1 Hfl t . it is made a crimiicil nllence for the Tioisinor to piy ni' tnotiev in m other in inner ih in as preeribed by law " 9 1 md II . P fig II now dcolves upon u.a to aeeertsla when the Auditor aathorised to m iw his aar rant The constitution of the s ite piovides, ut I": Su 'I AH 'ho levennes leiived liotn thesnle if any of the public works bi h.ni;itik' to llieStat,. nnd fiom the Uei snnual income (hereof, .and any surplus tint mix. at on lime, remain in the Tre h ery, ilarlved tVaja taxation fir general State puip ic. liter the fin nient of the ordinary ex pB SB of the Rot f nuienl. und of the interest on bonds of the Si ite, other than hoik bonds, shall be nnnu.ilv applied, under the direr Una of ihe (h i ci I -eint.l v . to the 1. 1 ment nf the ptinoi pit of the public debt Sic .'! No money shall be drawn from the treat ry, but in pursn aneeof apnroprtatiotis made ty I a w Section two, it alt he observed, directs that the I node shall ha annually applied "under tho dhectlott of the lagielature, anowlng that there nuts! he under tint section a legislative direction, relating to each rear j an.! ection three points out how th" lejrjalatirfl direction is to tie given, via, b un appropriation 'f the monev And see B of ihe net of Kbrn iry I Mil, ( A 's H6 p 1 1 tnacB ttms j "If the 4ud1lOf of State shall draw iny war rant upon the Tlwaewres St .te. ea trial there tie Boaay hi Iba treaauri belonsins hi the partioalar fund upon which the MHM i diawn, to pav the same, and in conformity to appropriations made by law, he shall he deemed guilt v of it mwdo mo-nnr. nnd iron canviction ttiercof hill lie fined in anv sum not les- than one hundred do!

Ian nor more th in one ihoas ind dollars, und be ianyrteened ia the coanty ju! not ies than one nor mora than atx months " 2( and II p l.r7 TUi aot of IMil is defective in not defining what an appronriation ia. ns a guide to the audi tor in raaalatlwg his netiea ; but the very fact

that tho logialal ore etnded no definition argoos that thev must hue supposed that nn approprja tion wis sumetMnf palpabte, distinct, recognl rahle. cle.r in its own MptPMakB so lint il could not le mi-t ikn Cm it be possible that this thing of ea eppre pti ition. s i in it ant as to be in ide the snljeet of a ii-rinct ronsitutiornl pro vision, and the mis taking o! it by nn officer a criminal offijajco i5 anythinc, everything, and nothing, according to rl r r u mal a n tea ; soexetlnng to tie ascertained by conjecture, or MwOhaj hv im iiiintion ? A-. tlier:. ilie treasurer cannot transfer the money to the state agent wtthoat i warrant Irom the auditor, and the litter c intuit isue (he war r ,iif w ith oit an i" nropri it ion. the whole qua -tion tn tho ease tarnt apaa Ihe existence of tint fact The suditor necessarily decided :his qweetlon lor himself on the annlicat ion for the warrant, a' d he decided a i in-t the existence ol an at 10 prinlhm. nnd leluseii the a rrnt Thereupon t proceed in,' was ii;!!tuicd against him bv erediton to compel the is-ue of the warrant Ttie court below ordere) the warrant to issue The auditor appedoil The application for ttie Writ was riot prem dure, and if there was au ap propriati m on which ir. might issue, the j .element uf i he oourt below was right If as there sa ant-ropi Ihm ? There wis none in anv act ner porting to be an appropri at ion bill. Can one tie ciMistructivcJy cteated nut of other ac ta found in the statute book This Ie i. to the inquiry what constitutes nn appropriation within ihe provision of the dinti s'utioti prohibith j payment viihoutope What is meant br thia conMtutioiial inhibition, thia limitation upon exectit ve :ower ; why was it made a part of the p ramo int 1 iw of the state ? Whv were not the executive and administrative officers left to their own discretion in the use of the public revenues ? History answers thee Questions. The retraitit.a contained in all the

American state con -t it u lions, and in the con stitution nf ttie I'nifed States, upon the pw j ers of the different departments of Govern nient were impoed woh a c iew to tiroi!e' ig-iiii't some abuse d such powers which had beeu practiced iti England, the country from j which our fathers ime. the country, indeed, from which thev Hol to escape the evils flowing from abuses of ttie power of government Most of the prorisiooa uf nur American constitutions, con I

t . ug th rcsirainta menti med. were takrn ub t. trivially from crrtatti solemn declaratory acta or resoiution-- l" tt.e British Parliament, t a.s-ed

at certain timea in the history nf Great Britain whew the people claimed and were asserting their 1 rights, or were attacking abuses, and which acts! acte regarded enunciating great fundamental nrOx-mles the observance ot wliicdl bv the (iov-

inev.uble th .t no appropriation has been m nie Wiment w.'iild secure their riühis and correct1

to piy od interest, and con-ecjuently the ruling of ttie Court below, in this case, wascrrect. .'u it-ment alhrmed

Kisime, Audiior, Ac , ra State of Indiana ea rel I . nd -d (' ,m .

Appeal from the M r on i ('

r(...-c ihii-cs Mn ;na Charta extorf,J from King John; the petition of riyAf from Charle the F .rt; 'he habra- corpus met under Charles the Secoud; tt hiU of rwktM lel ired to Willi am and M irv after the aMn-ation of Jame the Seeon!, ami the art of settlement ( 19 and I I of William the Thinl. are the principal of i Be great acta dee 1 tea (orv ot. and deiiM.ed to secure arid perpetuate the libe tie of Engliahmen

Among the principles of government thua et

I'erkin .1 Indiana owes a foreign debt con trarted anterior to the war. the aggregate annua!

teres? on whi. h i i-J-i ( Nifl, pea able rmi annually, t'ed m re4t Britain was this : That the KiDjr,

ii the 1st of Jul v and .1 u.narv. in the city ol New i or Kaecutive Mepart n.rni . si odd not use the

tork.tosu-h pertis aa mar hold ler bonds ' monev in the n ,t ui,l treiury ex--ett aa arveei II v

To the punctual p n nient of the principal and in

terest of this debt the fith ot the Sute i ao! emnly pleged, md the i .m pat met of c.thet. wbrn due. wimld cover ttie Sute with dishonor Ttie mo net to ;. . v tl.ee dein il d. at the rroper tinier, nn.t be protided by ttie State, and placed in her trea-ur. ber. .re it can tluia be apUeil W pa) in t t I 1 1. A 11 WOW.

Marot rirteii h I' ir ,:ani nt I n the earlier per

of Kn-hh history, it appears that the King both leried. or impo-ed. r.d extarndrd he putdic reve j nu,- tn Ids own aulhor.ty He was thus hide retident of hia people, and. as a matter almost ,f j eoaffO, wa tyrannical arid wasteful ia admit ia Batton. Ree Black Comm.. chept 8 .. I hl I: i -! iin'.s.itu; t i lit, k on th. money p .wir

latire pwer pir 'i.e winoun expawtd. but at. II .eft it to

ol hia oth ers. to spend iliO money r user! by Pr li leaeat et oü! ih -t is. t.. ipoly it m such claims BSade upiti ihe treasury, aa he or thev chose, to the negleet l" others The u. u . . was used where self gratification, favoritism and corrup i tion could '.o best accwreliahed while jeat do-: man! n:.n the treaanrv were left unpaid Wiitic DaOBfl was at the henl of ihe finances, the ere.fru.ra ha! reeeire! their divHleinia. though . not with ttio atrict puu tuaiitv of meiern timer;

en una shall be provided in future and applies!

tue uiacnarge oi given . I , m

ourt over the

and aa re

hut ainee he v .rtonr won bv

'ii.-.. n.it -a f irlliim Kid t4Tm

drew ennted to ihe tidVorrr- t 1 s nrw dvnasty i est iblia'taxl anew system." Macsulay. vol 1, a J'.'l Till that was done the public credit r.

he ye, were plündere!, ami (he puti'ic revet ues w ied in extr av c nee and corruption by ttie caiurt. The new srstcm referred to o ciab liihed at the revolut nn of (,S,nd waaregarleil

as of the hiche-t importance. What it was is j thus stated in Crealv on the KngMh Constitution P 993: ln aihtttion to this imtaortant guirantee ftht mlitarv act,) for the regul ir meeting of Parliament, i srs'ein aW etling 'ha roval revenue was establishe I in Willi mi's re n wl.ioh oe.iss:t ,tri he obsei van.e of ihe ime roiiaiiui'ional princi pie. The House of Commons then ielerii..ncd no on gar ! vote to the crown ccr'ain general . : i e, eniie-to be atmlie i lo p u ticgjlar puip'ea neenrdtwa to the Raywi atoerettow tmt tliey itpropiiared apociÄC parte ot the icvenue to s;.' ,;. mir i ic- of government This principle had been previously attempted, but H ie only since lo""5 that i' hia lieen a'riclly eufurced." Sis Mr 11 ill im . in hia Conatirutiona' Hiatorv. p, tw: "TM creit and fwadsBiiital principle, us i' his I mg been j ii stir considered, that the mono, rnted bl ParTtsmen! is appropri ited. and ean only he applied, to certiin poeifirs! heidaof expeti lit uro. was iulrodu. .s, aa I have before mentioned. In ihe reign of Charles II . nnd irener nllv. though nor in every in-t m- e. i d p c J by hia Parliament The tin worth. House of Commons ttiit sit in lsfi.", not content with a tieed!es attg liu'lit ition id the rioet.'ie, to- k erabt with the King for not hiving sppf Opt Is ted their BippllOOl tint, ffOB the Retroletion, it h,s been ttie invsri nt!e u'i!7e The Lrda of die T.eurv. by a clause annu illy repii in the ip i nation net of oven sosston, arc ftaidddoa unlet sereropaa allies, to order hv their warrant any moucva in the I i hetpici . . i . i . i . .te ' Ii .on lu'iioj issues) for anv other ervice. and the ollicei- of the Kx eheneer to ohey anv auch warrant Tins Ins glvwil (he House ol t 'oiuinon- so etfeclual a c n Irol ofer the eecti'ivc agwaf or. mwe ten 1 v ape.king. his rendered it so much a participator in that power, that we aedniaarawiow can noaalMy snb-i-t withonl its concurrence " "Ii is to thia transference nf the executive -01 ei nmeal for Iha phrase I hirdly too strong) tVoB tha Cm,,, to the twn llouies of pari I intent, and especially (he Commons, ih il we owe I he proud ittitude which Hind un! lias maintained ince the llevolutlon, so Mtfaaedlaarlly dls-imil u . in the eiea of Kurope, to her condition under Uie StuartThe lyetoB est d.li-l cd, was, 1 1 , t all the Be nev in the Tre istu v was to I.e apecitically appro priatel, mid sneoiUoatlv applied This lie und haportani principle, n Knglisli historians call it, thus j.riefic illv ebihished in thai . omi't . .- n.l opt od, tu tlii- St .te. us a part of our lun ! i mould law. "No money shall he drawn from the Ii - i.illy , hut ill pill II I Reg of a pplnpl istioirf made bv law " Atel the ibu.- to hi con eci.-d bv the ei ihllalunont of the principle, was, the exci eBtofoAdal diWuettoa in paying Oftl the public monev. The nuipoM-' to he. accoi,ii!.i.il .-. the git ing lo ihe logislattvf poweg slotM 'he i ight, und lm(Msing mati it thedntv of designating, lie Hodlcallv, the particular dem nn la ngaiiisi the Blate, or other object-., to which ike Boggrs ia the Treasin ti .11 he. from t ine to lime, applied, nnd the amount to each Opinion-. ,tt' (Aen . Vol, I, pag'e 670 And. it is a great mnl im portant principle not t he Ik'htlv violated If it is doubtful whether the leg I itive power has ex eroisis! its function in this particular, the officers ol Stare should not t ike the monev froui the Tre.-iii v. See The People" v s S. Iiootitn iker :irl Kernan, N Y R. 838 It mai be laid awwa is a maxim In eonatitution 1 1 govornmeni, thai ofli er-, aa a general rule, -houhl not nsum' to exerc-e 1 : . 1 1 ' 1 1 - owe,. Scl, a-u'i!!iloti i ttie tirs' step in n-urpati.ni , in setting in iianjtbt, ill fact, the (Constitution. That stop houhl not be taken; for if it is, theie is d inj-er that it will be lolloweij bv others in the same dliOCtton rill the constitutional prohibition is entiiclv trolden under foot There i- no necessity that the State officers should assume doubtful powers Theie L no necessity that the Oowft, in this case, should attempt to bom! the constitutional rule in order to croat,' a justitication to ttm-u officers in the assuiniiti.i, ot su-h powers The Constitution has provided nainsl this necessity by author izing the Execntire of the State to call

(he Livi-I iture together to supply deficiencies in legislation. There is. hence, no necessit v that

the officcis of St ite should exercise qaastloB ible iitilhoiilv. and disrespect for the rest mints of the Constitution be thus encouraged, or the credit of

the State bo dishonored The question, then is, is there an appropriation by law of the motu pay tho Jul v interest on the State debt V If there ia, the proper Stat officers can pay it. If there i not, they cannot legally 00 so Wlnt.then. is an appropriation by taw? What is a definition of il? Judicial ttocisiotis aio not eftod, to anv extent on this point. If. lias r irely arisen in the coiirt-i of this S'ate. and yet it is one of .'reat iro portance in the correel ad ministration -f the gov ernmerit, and ouht to be deliintelv settled; and when it is so. carefuHv observed. Then are some things which, plainly eooagh, are not cv eralljran approprtatton. A proeaieo by thoGot arnBCnl to pay moi.ev is not an appropriation. A dutv on th,-.art of tho Legists tare to mike an appropriation, is not such. A pr oni-e to mike an appropriation is pot an ipproprmtion Tin- pledee of tlic faith of the State i not an p popriation of monev with Which to redeem the p'islge lT" ige of paying money in (lie ihoeaag of an appropi i itum cantiol m .ke an appropriation for future pivmcnt The .postion is to be -et t'vd upon the meaning of the ConstllaliaO. (Jaaew maj bo evideweo o the mwtning 'he a.i Blnistrative officers hue put u;sn that itietrg ment, and as such, entitled lo ie-:e '!ul cnid era tion. hat it h no tiiohng hjteiaiBatioiij nd the us i jp w i. in fact prob hl v (-itiniHii ed a ifh out much consider ition See Newell vs. The People '! Sehlen, m page 94 Au exocllei4 illatttnlton of what constitutes an ap i-opriHt'on is presented in rhe iitnii. ii , of the legislation of ( niire-s noon ihe subject, fotiti! in Brlahtly'a DigeoKo 4i$m andtTT the title "Ap pi opriiiiions " Thai legislation is an exposition by ihe legislative an I exec etive deji irtntet.t of the Kclcral (ioveti mopt of the requirements of the I aue in the Federal constitution, that "no monev rdul! be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence ,f appropriation- made by law." BeO BrightU.p .', no'e M . an I McCoaneli rs Wil cox. I Scimm, fills ) R 399 An appropriati -p nnv be made !n different modea It may be made hv an act sertini; apart and speci illv apac priiting the money derive! from a particular source of revenue to a parti, ular purnoe Our "w imp 1 ind art is of thia . h, meter I (t AH. 197. Dodd va Miller. 14 Ind , 413 Lange vs. I Stone,. 9 li d . 175. Smith, in his Wealth of Nations, speaking of ex dicpier bill-, A'c . pr.weeds. ti !t"i'. "when tbl resource is exhauate!, and it become-4 necessary, in order to n;e mot.ey, to .-io; . r mortgage some particular branch if the nuhgh) revenue for the pavment of thedetrt. (rovemment Ins. upon different Kewsione, done tl.ia ,n t. .lillerern

wa v s So met i u.e it h is to de tic a -i'n merit or mortcae for a aiiort period ol time only, a year, or a lew years, for example, and sometimes fur perpetuity In the one eaee. the fund waa sup posed s,iibient to pay, within the limited tiraa. In,,1 ; rim ipal and interest of the monev borrowed In the other, it o uppoed suth ent to pv the interest only, or a perpe'iial annii'tv epiivalent to the iriteret. (overnment being at iilerty to re deem, at any time, thi- annuity, upon pevhjp back the principal sum borrowed. " A propria tion, as applicable r,. r',e aaOPal

fund in the treiury, may. perhas, derincl to be an nn authority from the Legislators giveti at the proper time, and in legal form, to the protaar idfi'-ers to apply sums of monev out of that whic h may txs in the treasury, in a given vear. to 1 specified objects, or demand againat ttie St .te An appropriation of the money to a specific ob : jBct would be an authority to ihe pr iper ofticeni to pay the moner, Irecauae the Andit'r iaxuthor j hwd to draw hia warrant upn an appropriation, and the Treasurer ia authorized t, pay auch war ran .f he has appropri -ted money in the treturv. And such an appropriation may he Prospective : that ia. it may be made in ot,e year, if the rere i.ues are t- accrue in another, or future rear the law t"eu. g s., framed a to address itself lo uch future rrvrnuea. So. a direction to the officers to pay money out

of the tres,TTrr opri a piren etaltw. or fear a fdeen object , may, by inxplication. iaclaOO B) taWoarection an aprror-riation

H. r the pled re of Ihe frth

reveroiea

to

State. does not authorise the

of State, without further legialatire direc tion to apply the genera! fund In the trees ury to the payment of thoae claima. it ie not an appmpnation of the money in the coner I fund We think there can le no mistake as to the correctness of thia prp'itioti If it i no true, then weareeertaii 'v thr-.wn track upon that rerv official liserwnw which Kngland abrogated at Ihe revo'.iitioi. of lb-- and whirh it wma tbe deipn of our Conaftution lo ahrorate her Such plelge sre eotermi oblicaliona upon tlie people and LeeiI inoe of State, hot they are p..t le-nUtive directions to (lie officer, temporarily in poeition. to pay out the eiren Iwaatw with nt further appropri iti ". by 'he Leer-'at ire. Such ptaigan, in the I .! nice of Chief Justice Liwrie, in Sunt,urry . "- v. 's.o per. are to beenforred bv mesne of the moral aenae of the community operatrnj; upon the Igi-lafure. and In means of the moral senae of the civrtlxed world operating upon loth the people and the ! -iature an influence and responsibility to which all States are subject " 7 Am L Ree

Pawn State Reo .27 rd with this decision 5. aa we un cae of Cleoderln ra Franer I

i that decision was made, ia twa of Ihe State for lvP.

aa

I Sri S 0 In exact

dra-Hatal it.

In.! . The act i found in thi at pure 1 Thu all visions, eye

appropriationa for the payment of internst aa ao public debt are but Stale nie. Ige ia snoot aatiafeo torilv howu in the opinion tn ud e II nna in . he .c - ! The St ,tc - , . K i -tine it th e term, and crilicim. Ac . upon thoae section" twed not be repeited heie It is freely admitted ; it i !ero?id eaill. that an obligation is einted. to such pledge. m the part of the state, to mike an apnrnfarwtioo ; but in the bin.ui;e a ljre .tolmaon In tbe ure it caae of Newell ra The People, S Sehlen N Y Hep 9. on pi-e I IVg . 'An appropriation .U i- o'. e-aan to etTect actual payment, though 'he oh .niplete without the appro- i i it 'op -is with ir " Thu- the I'nited States haa. from time to time, in ttie c ur-e of her hiOorv. entered into Irealy with fitretga aathtaa wherrbv he haa engai?s nioi solemnly t pav -pe ifiel aunia of mo to- it iix 1 tiins. which treaties, ihe eonsti lation nf the Unhed States declares were "the supreme law of ihe land;" t Art 6, 8ee VI;)

and vet no inrsnee ia within our

Whore it h is been einten le i for a

eaocatlre or sdmlni"irative oniera could par tl,,, . i'c irih t called sim. thus due, and on IhonayBMH of Which tlie icice ol ihe nation ht dc"o..!. without i 'nrt ei .poroprlation by ('..neun- "I ti e n.one, unless it ha! Ireen thua ippropri 1 1 e t in advance ol ttie treaty, sa haa aometimea t ier, the caae We cite, aa in langte the ire.i, irh M , .. conclude-! Feb r-nn 'M, l-l. A t- ot Congress, 14, Ptft',0 ; and the appro i .h u.' bit it encutiol, , Acta of Ooaerea , IM!, p 72. See i. iwnton'a Deti . p. 35 ) We enee .ted, nhove. "ne pcvleion of ihe latute a not be n - .. Si ,te p elge It i ihe fih ac of the iet of I .VI ahirh mi i entitled " An act to pro, ide a lrri.in ein for I tie St ,te ,f ! i , I ' h. Iii "i ... I lecet, in. Iioldin.- and tliahurainp the public moneva of the Stale and for tlie safe keeping of tlie j ubbc nionv " I O. A H ,p wtt, We have nltenl I the . r i drove, hut we here -el il forth "fain II is lh. .t i.mcconven ml fnrio.l. prior to the falling due of tin- interest on the foM iti detit of tlie Stale, pavalde at !tew Vorlc.the TreurrT shall, without making anr ilisciiminalion, draw on 'he ht.nk iioe in the Tnooiiv an amount of apecie -iilli. n i t t., ; . 1 interest, wtdch he shall it iPmii to New York In espresa, or otherwise, a- m n be deemed most aafe; but at any trunk or hink "ii ivti. -o note- -pecie is thus demanded, m .1 tob etn such ti"tes lo the ettent of auch dir idenda. hv Iraft on New York, payable htoa-i dara preceding the day nf pay meni of anid intercsl, and without anv (iremium of eiehange. and piv ing ample security lo the Treasurer for the prompt pivtiien' ttiercof" Th title of the o i of which this section forms a part. .ys noihin about apja-opriat iotis ; and the section contains no direction to ehom the nione i-oit'esenf ei en ; nor what hall wO lone a th it after ir ie i. hea rhe eitr . but it doe diieet the Trea-'iiter very particularly how and when he shall transfer money to New York, the kind of funda, Ac ; and it is ao cleirly shown in Ihe opinions ol .Indue Hanna. shore ciied, that Ihe see tion reaches no further than such directions as to manner. c . where a previous appr ipriation and warrant authorize htm to make a transfer, thvt further elucidation is uimeccs.-arv ; but aa so mindi tre is laid upon the section, e ad! a remark ton. Inn it. to what has been said It ia not a

direction addresped lo the two ofheera. the ud tor and Tre i-urer who mut concur in paring a debt, but to the T eistrer si u e WwWgBBBl perform the act recpiired o( him without a previous warrant. nn! it directs him in the diseharge of his separate duties nfier warrant from the Auditor has Ireen furni-hei! him, which warrant cannot issue till after an appropriation ha- been made The section wa- . n t.d under the title preacrih in the meWWSW Of kaoghag and tmnalerrinxf money perhaps the appropri ition of money to le tran-fetrod micht !e s, properly eon neeied with the subject of r,e title aa to render v ili.l an appropri ,t .u, . tion in the act. had one been pi kOSal ,t This we would not Oeeisle. The ewe i 'ii i. di I tho Legislature intend that lhal section shoald nonalructirelv include an an propria tho,? As r,e means ,,f aiiswering thia OaOStioti, let i s.ipois,. that ip the act of which thai section forms a f. rr. esrnb.n 'heminner of transferrin money to New York, the Lejris Int ure had added . imn r ii.,'e!i folluwiny section I fi as follows : "Sec 17 And tlie nm of $11. nun M I ,-rel y i'.pronrtHte.l to piv the inter eat on the public lebt for rhe ye.r l:,l. to ha tr ansmillod. Ae., n the in de 'te- t il.ed bt law " Would inib ly then h i ve c ontende ! that section IB. nlso. conteh ed an at pror rialrop of the aaaaa -urn o! aaaatrf We think not. W-U. just thia, in eireet. was .lone by the leeislarnee . for four ' of - ..n 1. and trefore the Treisurer was Ui act under it, the Legislature en el another sep .r te section, under the proper title, miking ihe approbation. This waa the kind ol cofempe- men. et"'ition See theo, i - o J u dire ü.rin. before. Now. If -ecti. in 16 was not ia appropriation section when the Lecisl iture et,artel it. it haa not become one shsea Ih t time We will briefly notice one other eet ion of the -tatutr : The third section of an act entitled "An eet in

relntion to apt Nrtwg certain funds therein named to " I payaMWt ot the 'Mi' 'lebt."spprored.Isnnar7 I". l-aa. is as foil ows: "That all tbe revenues

kfl red from the aale of anv of the public works

beloi.Kii.g to the State, and tlie net annual income

thereof; and anv -nr; Iiis that mav remain in the

tre.isijr, r!erivel from tuition lor general purpoeas, after jraying the ordinary espensea of (ior-

ernrnent and interen' on the siate str-ks. ether

than iheoriinal bonda not surrendered, ami the vt ite Hsi'k hnnda. be sppiwd towards paying tho principal of the Snte deht. as hereinafter r-" i

I i A H.P. .Vi Ue en act est Krtm

61. p Ki"1 hi- sec tion professes to dispose of any aur-

prOx there is in the s.,re 1 reaury siter paring

me oruin irv en: ! ot ttie Mste l'ov err. merit and ilie interest on the Sute debt, hut it dtiee not make appropriathina for oAer .f il.case pur

- - I he monev in ihe treweurv is 61 to be applied to the expenses of the t iovern men r next to the pavment of the interest on the State debt, ami 6nalU to the principal of the State debt. "If Ibis sect in a; propria tew money to pay the Interest.lt i- e,p:tl'v an appropriation to py the expenses of the State government, and no legislation is necesaarv for any State expense. It it be ar.-weied to thi. that it can not have this etTect. because the expenses of the Sute can only Ik? si -er la ii.ed by legielation ; the reply ie e md a, fh. -ent that if the 8ute expert sea can not te airerUinct bec u-e the Legislature have pa sed no a propria tion bfll. then thh) eetion can not be an appropriation of in ter ret for Ii gl f., he net until after the ni-dfnarvex-pen.ea of Uie Sute government, and until that Is asrertaiped, n an not be known, in aar legal form, whether there will remain any monev in the treasury after rhe ordinary expense are paid. "This section cleirly does not appropriate any monev upon either ef the two firat mentioned ob jecta." My the section, it it kt sn appropriation . mU Car rannryi in the treasury are apepropriated fir-t to expenses of ttie Stste goeemesent, and the !ttate nthrrr are left to determine what should ha cnaideiect aa auch expatiate, aud would be jueti fied in pahaff out every dollar on Sute expervwea such aa extra sessions ..f the lee islature, iticreea tsl mditia cxpeueea, ajereals, more ordinary ob-