Democratic Sentinel, Volume 20, Number 34, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 28 August 1896 — Page 6

CAMPAIGN EXPENSES.

COSTS MORE TO ELECT EACH SUCCEEDING PRESIDENT. 4 tiada Subscribed by the Great Parties Are Expended Lenitimately, end Not to Buy Votes-FtTe Million* • Will Be Scattered This Year.

Bi*r Campaicn Fnnda. The election of a President of the •United States is a costly affair and the handling of campaign funds is conse-

quently a matter of great importance to both the great political parties. The most exact business principles must be followed and for this and other reasons the appointment of a man to have charge of the finances of a fift-

[?]ACH CHANDLER.

' (A Great Collector.)

tfonal committee Is a most momentous (question. With every recurring campaign the expenses of election show jlntTcase. Competent judges predict it hat not less than $5,000,000 will be expended by the two national commit(tees in the great battle this year. The Kite Gov. Curtin, of Pennsylvania, said ot long before bis death that it cost jess to elect Lincoln in 1860 than is now often spent in a single Congressional district, and yet the work was just as. thoroughly doifls as that of any committee the party has had since. 1 The nse of large sums of money by national committeesDbegan with the two committees that managed Grant's

eanvnsses in 1808 Und 1872, and so (rapidly did the exit r a v a g a n ce i(ijerease that in 1880, Ut the time of Garjfield's election, the national committee handled, or others to,a ndle df o r it, more than $1,000,000, while it has s

STEPHEN W. DORSEY.

been estimated by tA Shrewd Dispenser.) Chose whose opportunities for knowing (were good that throughout the country there wa: spent by different committees l'n the aggregate more than $4,000,000.. The expenses of the campaigns of 1884 »nd ISSB were about the same. In the ■campaign of 1892 the national comBalttces each collected and expended ever $1,500,000 and the State commutes collected for their individual use •bout a quarter of that sum. ! The charge that most of the money Raised for campaign purposes is used to corrupt voters and purchase votes is Iboth silly and false. The expense of a (presidential battle are of a legitimate nature. Four years ago the Republican National Committee expended $200,000

WILLIAM H. BARNUM.

contest was close and the outcome doubtful, and where it was used to pay (band bire&nd the cost of the uniforms of marching clubs and of parades y and (public meetings. Something like $300,000 uias sent to the chairman of the State committees of the doubtful States, •r.d the cost,of maintaining the national headquarters and of the local campaign in New York City consumed the jbalance of the funds raised by the national (Committee. The expenses of the ■ [Democratic National Committee In 1892 iwnfed in some minor details, but its punds were expended through about Ebe same channels as the Republican ommittee, the campaign methods of (both parties being very similar, i With the growing use of money in politics it has been found more and aiore desirable that thf chairman of a (national committee should be a man of (large private fortune and of

Standing in the husnness world. When subscriptions are (•low in coming iu, j*nd he lias as yet lonly promises in |Keu of cash, he. i*iust become responsible for or advance the funds (■coded to meet cur-

wnt espensc3. [A Liberal Giver.] ,These advances frequently amount to (several hundred thousand dollars, while Iftf there Ts a shortage at the end of the j campaign the chairman Is the one looked to to make it>good. Contributions to the campaign funds come in the ,«ain from 'men of large means within the patty, some of wliem give as high *s ?100;000. Large corporations also •eontvibaii- handsomely in hope of securing political favor. In some cases these large’concerns give to both of the kreat parties, thus making themselves jwfe in any event. There is a considerable class of men anxious to secure political prominence or to occupy high (positions who give lavishly as a means f advancing their political interests. JFmally comes the aggregate of small ipopula- subscriptions, which foots up

STEPHEN B. ELKINS.

IA Political Financier.] tions. The only •xceptjons have been Mr. Tilden and *r. [alne. The former Is said to have •pent over half a million dollars In the campaign of, 1870, and Mr, Blaine’s contribution to the campaign of 1884 Is said )to have exceeded $150,000. ( The ImportamMiandTnflueace °f this gpotenl eleetiottedhng argument—hard cash—baa developed some very successtail and shrewd beggars of money for campaign purposes. Republican veterans, when In a reminiscent mood, delight to' talk about .the late Marshall Jewell, who as a collector of campaign lands, perhaps, never had his equal. When others failed Jewell always succeeded, and lt |a told of him that in Boston In a single day He raised $170,000.

in the publication and circulation of campaign documents. An addl--11 on a 1 SIOO,OOO was devoted to the campaign orators and their expen- ' ses. A little over $200,000 went to the Congressional ‘•districts where the

“A hot bath, a stroll in the fresh air, shampooing the head in weak soda water, or a timely nap in a cool, quiet room will sometimes stop a nervous headache," writes Dr. B. F. Herrick, tn the Ladies’ Home Journal. “When overfatigued from shopping or sightseeing a sponge dipped In very hot water and pressed repeatedly over the hack of the neck between the ears will be found exceedingly refreshing, especially If the face and temples arc afterward subjected to the same treatment Neuralgia ls caused not only by cold air, but by acidity of the stomach, starved nerves, Imperfect teeth, or by indolence combined with a too generous diet. Heat is the best and quickest cure for this distressing pain. A hot flatiron, passed rapidly and deftly over several folds of flannel laid on the affected spot, will often give relief in less than ten minutes, without the aid of medicine. Hot fomentations are of equal value; though when the skin ls very tender it ls more advisable to use dry heat, nothing being better for the purpose than bags of heated salt, flour or sa mL -w hlc h xe tain warmth for a long time, ‘ObW watejyapplled by the finger tips to the nerves in front of the ear, has been knowp to dispel neuralgic pains like magic. When caused l)y acidity a dose of yharcoal or sodSF will usually net as a corrective. Sick headache Is accompanied by bilious "symptoms, and attacks usually come on when the person is overtired or below par physically. This ls a disease of the first half of life, and often stops of its own accord after middle age. A careful diet ls imperative in every case, sweetmeats and pastry being especially perflicious. “Eating heartily when very tired, late dinners, eating irregularly, insufficient mastication or too much animal food, especially in the spring or during the hot weather, are frequent causes of indigestion, causing headaches by reflex action.” ;

WILLIAM L. SCOTT.

a large sum, and which represents men of moderate means, who take a patriotic pride . in the success of ’ their cause. ; Preside ntlal candidates, as a rule, are not depended upon for large subscrip-

Zach Chandler was a good deal of a dikmond in the rough, but he was a ehresrd judge of human nature, and he knew pretty well what chorda to strike in order to make men generous, lie was chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1870, and there was no lack of funds in that campaign. August Belmont in the campaigns immediately following the war was another good collector. So was William 11. Barnum. who succeeded Mr. Belmont as chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Roswell V. Flower and Levi IVMorton are also both expert beggars. The moneys expended by the national and State committees represent only a part of the cost of a presidential campaign. Conventions like those held in St. Louis and Chicago costtat a-modest estimate from $1,500,000 to $2,000,000 apiece, and the check of business during the campaign which follows them involves a loss of many millions more. Taking all these things into consideration. it may be roughly estimated that a presidential campaign costs the country about $20,000,000.

DIFFICULTIES OF BURNT WORK.

Drawing* M a de by Hot Iron on a Surface of Wood. Many years ago the manual labor of the artist in color was reduced to a minimum: be no longer grinds his colors, or makes his canvas and brushes. But up to the present day the nrtist In burnt wood has toiled on with his rude forge and burning irons, with the devotion of an old-time alchemist. Singularly enough, relief from the discomforts of this crude mode of work has at last come through the avenue which brings relief from all physical ailments—that of medicine. The thermocautery, a surgical instrument invented for cauterizing, has been adapted to the use of tlie artist, so that he can work with comparative freedom. Formerly the fire-etcher employed copper tools, not unlike soldering irons, set into wooden or other non-conduct-ing handles. These tools cooled rapidly, and had to be constantly shifted, while the oxidation of the copper necessitated constant cleaning. What with feeding his fire and blowing it up with hand-bellows, it Ls a wonder that the wood burner produced anything at all artistic. To-day the hollow burning point is of platinum, a metal which does not oxidize. Once heated, a neverfailing current of naptha gas, burning within, enables the artist to work for hours, wholly independent of the forge, the bellows, and other paraphernalia. The electrode, another surgical cautery, Is likewise used in burnt wood, and electricity will in time supersede all other means of heating the burning point. W.th these facilities at hand, the fire etcher must still encounter difficulties not found in practicing the kindred arts. Clouds of smoke constantly rise in his face, while the incessant flashing of the fiery point is always trying to the eye. He must have a deep-rooted love of his art, and the patience of Job.—Century.

To Cure Headaches.

Crane tho Carrier.

Ercry year, on the approach Of winter, thousands and thousands of birds, littloas well as big ones, have tq leave their summer quarters In search of sunnier lands. How large birds of strong wing can cross such a wide stretch of water as the eastern part of tiie Mediterranean It Is easy to understand, but how do the wee ones, like wrens, titmice, finches and the rest manage It? Why, they ride first-class on the back of cranes. In autumn great flocks of cranes may be seen traveling southwards, flying low and giving forth a strange cry, as If of warning, and they sweep along southwards. *As«oon as they hear this note all kinds of little birds fly up to the cranes and settle on idieir backs, the twitter of those already snugly squatting thereon being audible at times. Then when spring revisit* the north, and it la time for the little things to return to their old haunts, the cranes carry them back again—this time, however, flying high, as if they felt assured their tiny friends would easily reach the earth once the great sea were passed. First Wheelman—“l always get rattled when I see a woman crossing the street ahead of me.” Second Wheelman—“So do I. They have so many pins in their clothes that If a fellow collides with them he Is almost sure to puncture a tire.”— York Mercury. The first thing a man says about Ills enemy Is that he Is crazy.

THE LEVER CHAIN.

With It the Linton* Have Brokeu Some Remarkable Records. For some years past there probably have been more people trying to make Improvements in the bicycle than were concerned In working at any other industry. Almost every part of the machine Is subject of a dozen, a hundred,

WORKING PARTS OF TEE LEVER CHAIN.

or even a thousand patents. Yet, since the days when the safety first appeared and forced the older form of “bike” —the ordinary—from the field, the chain, the main factor in the safety, bas remained almost outside the ideas of the Inventor and the patentee. Nor was it till last October that any chain was produced which attracted attention. The new chain was the Simpson lever chain, which a short time ago, :u a series of formidable matches in England, proved its superiority to other chains.

For a long time Inventors were content to use the simple ordinary chain, and it was left to Mr. W. S. Simpson to grasp the idea that if the actuating grip of the chain were not, as in the ordinary case, on the inner side of the chain, but on the outer, and If the chain were made of a series of triangles, the free end or upper part of which had the engaging rollers, the result would be enormously to increase the leverage without increasing the effort; in other words, to transmit and utilize a far larger proportion of the force caused

l.v the rider In the case of an ordinary chain. A glance at the drawings will show even to the unscientific why the special form of chain has Its advantage. It must be borne in mind that you canDot increase at will the diameter of the hub sprocket, the kind of axle on the hind or driving wheel. In size it has to be proportionate to the actual wheel, and its relation in diameter with the crank wheel directly actuated by the pedals is of great Importance— that relation, involving tire interesting quest'on of high and low gearing. The hob sprocket proper, which ls pressed by the inner flat and connected part of the chain, cannot be increased indefinitely. though increase Is gain. By Mr. Simpson’s Ingenious device, one

CYCLE FITTED WITH CHAIN.

gets the effect of an increase in size without enlarging the part whose pro-I-ortions are important. In fact, by a chain whose outer and not inner side does the work, you have a higher pitch und greater leverage than can come from an ordinary chain. Tom Linton, with it achieved a world's record by racing thirty miles and 214 yards in 60 minutes. Moreover, .the great, test of endurance—the Paris to Bordeaux race—had been won by Mr. Arthur Linton, aided by the lever chain. Despite ill health, a severe fall, and several accidents, he rode BC7 miles of hilly road in 21 hours and 17 minutes, beating previous records by almost three hours—showing, in tact, a difference of a seventh compared with the former efforts.

A BICYLE THAT FLIES.

The Problem of Aerial Navigation Solved by a Young Long islander. The problem of aerial navigation, which has bothered the minds of scientists and inventors for several hundred years, has been solved by a young man of 19 who has gone out of the beaten track of past experiments and devised u simple apparatus which actually flies. The name of this young genius is J.. C. Ryder, of Richmond Hill, L. 1., and the main principle of his device is taken from the bicycle. Mr. Ryder recently "flew” on his aerial bicycle from Hempstead to Richmond Hill, a distance of seven miles, rising to an altitude of several hundred feet. Mr. Ryder says of l*'s experiments with the machine: ‘I experimented three years on a flying apparatus, and could not make any headway, but on June 25, after a month’s hard labor, 1 made a model, 20

AN AERIAL RICYCLE.

Inches long, with a cylinder of silk and thick bamboo ribs. When inflated with gas this cone-shaped thing had to have 50 pounds of anchorage to keep It from rising. I then built two aluminum sweep#, two feet long, by 10 inches wide, with half an inch steel bar, 12 inches long, for an axle, and clamped it to the bottom of the cone! Then 1

*°ok * piece of aluminum 20 Inches long, and adjusted a handle bar and a seat, and attached a sprocket wheel and pedals at the bottom of the rod. I fixed a wheel geared to 100 to revolve the sweeps, and a chain to propel the gear wheel*, as well as a one-eighth inch bar for use as a piston. After I got the machine fixed in this way the momentous question of whether it would fly or not was still to be settled. I pumped the gas into the cone, and smarted It off. It rose steadily, and then, to my great surprise, it flew in the teeth of a gale of wind blowing 20 miles an hour. 1 had an alarm clock, with an attachment to let out the gas at a given time, on the machine. When the clock gave out the gas escaped, and the model came down to the ground. “I then built a wheel to carry 500 pounds and made my next experiment July 20. It was highly successful in every way. I rose a couple of hundred feet into the air and worked the pedals against a strong wind. When I wanted to descend I let the gas escape and came to earth- like a bird on the wing.” Mr. Ryder's present machine weighs 95 pounds and has a lifting power of threr tons.

SHE SHOUTED FOR BOIES

Mi*a M. Murray, the Woman In White at the Democratic Couvention. Miss Minnie Murray, the woman in white of the Democratic national convention, the Joan of Arc who led Horace Bgies’ cause to the triumph of the sensational demonstration of that Thursday night, has been fighting her way through the' world for years, but .abe is an attractive young woman for nil that. She ls of the blonde type with a full, well-rounded figure, and in conversation she is vivacious and frank, with few of the signs of the “strongminded woman.” Miss Murray, in partnership with Miss Margaret Gorman, owns and publishes the Nashua, lowa,

MISS MINNIE MURRAY.

Reporter, and the two girls do pretty nearly everything about the office. They gather and write the news, solicit advertising and job work, sot the type and collect the bills. They have owned the office three years and have a splendid outfit now for a country newspaper, and are doing well. Thursday night In that great national Democratic gathering, after a very effective speech for the ex-Governor of lowa, there sprung up In the southern slope of the hall a female figure, robed In snowy white, swaying and uplifting arms, in a moment grasping flags and swinging them with wild enthusiasm hut not hysterically, for she was very graceful, and presently every eye in the audience was fixed upon her, all faces were lit up with delight—the audience was almost os thoroughly on fire as when Bryan had finished his speech—and this woman came near stampeding I he convention for the lowan. It was a repetition of the great scene of the Minneapolis convention, when Mrs. Carson led the cheering for Blaine and adorned the proceedings with a brilliant spectacle. When afterward asked how she came to make such a demonstration for Mr. Boies Miss Murray said: “Well, you see, I admire Gov. Boies, and when Mr. White made such a splendid nominating speech I was carried away with the excitement.” The ex-Governor has since written a letter of acknowledgment to Miss Murray. The young lady ls said" to have received by mail numerous proposals of marriage, and subscriptions to the Reporter have come in by the score.

Unique Home Decoration.

The home of the late Henry C. BoWen, editor of the Independent, In Brooklyn, is peculiar in its decorations. As one enters the hall, says the Fort Wayne Daily Gazette, he finds himself surrounded by birds of every variety. On the colling there is a representation of a congress of birds to settle the question which was the best bird. The library table, the chairs, bookcases, piano, curtain, and all the other articles of furniture and decoration were made at his order. In ordering the carpet his idea was one giving the impression of a handful of roses strewn carelessly about the floor. When the decorators came to the ceiling, they proposed to put Ideal pictures In the comers, but Mr. Bowen desirM to have the faces of his wife and three daughters ever before him. The dresses are ideal, but the faces arc* real. From the ceiling of the. parlor the faces of Mr. Bowen’s fourteen grand children look down upon the visitor. On the floor above. In one of the rooms, are the heads of the father and his seven sons carved In the furniture. The historical chamber has groups representing the landing of Columbus. Washington at Valley Forge, Miles Standlsh, and Lincoln signing the Proclamation of Emancipation, while in the comers are the portraits of Standish, Washington, Columbus and Lincoln.

A Vermin-Proof Nest.

“Having tried plastering hair, I can recommend Its good qualities to all. It can be obtained at any tannery and probably of any mason. Its great virtue lies In Its being filled with lime dust, so that no lice will care to settle near by. If disturbed, the fine Time dust will fill the air, and no hens will at tempt to scratch a nest out thus made. For sitting hens It is just the thing, being warm, soft and a sure preventive against vermin.” If your fowls scratch their nest otit, If your sitting hens and nests are infested with vermin, use plastering hair, and you will have no more trouble. It Is better and cheaper than any patent nest egg, powder, sulpnur or tobacco.—H. S. Green corn Is beginning to taste like horse feed.

HIDE AND SEEK AT SEA.

Torpedo-Boat Practice with the Great White Cruisers. Mr. Ernest lugersoll describes ‘The Tricks of Torpedo Boats" in St Nicholas. After telling what the boats are like and wliac they can accomplish, Mr. Ingersoll says: But to insure all these line results, both officers and men must be taught how to manage and maneuver them to best advantage, as well as how to discharge the torpedoes they carry. Constant drilling is necessary; and lately one of these boats in our navy, the “Cushing” (so suitably named after the young hero of the civil war who destroyed the rebel ram “Albemarle” by means of a rude torpedoboat—one of the first actually used) has been attached to the naval station at Newport, Rhode Island, in order to carry on this-practice. One set of officers and men after another is instructed In handling her, and in the making and firing of her torpedoes; and they have plenty of fun along with the schooling. The headquarters of this work is Goat Island, which separates Newport harbor from the outer waters of N'arragansott Bay.

There is a serchlight which cammands the harbor entrances and a wide circle of the bay. One or more warships are always there. Those searchlights also can be swung in any direction. Yet the Cushing arrived one night and first annoitnced herself by suddenly blowing her whistle Vlthin pistolshot of the inner wharf of the lkland—and it was not a dark either. A few afternoons later she went down the bay, and challenged every eye to be alert to see her return In the evening. It was bright moonlight—a time in which no such boat would attempt a serious attack- yet Lieutenant Fletcher, the Cushing’s commander, crept within a third of a mile of, jthe shore before he was detected. It would have pleased you to see her that night, as she came plainly into view—a long, low streak gliding silently and swiftly athwart the mootlit sea, rolling a silvery furrow hack from her plow-llke bow, and seeming more like some great, fish with its back tins out of water than any sort of steamship. But it is on daik and stormy nights that the practice becomes exciting. Groups of officers stand upon the rampart of Fort Wolcott, or upon the bridge of each monitor or cruiser, and strain eyes and ears to obtain some inkling of tlio torpedo-boat’s presence, the long white beam of the electric searchlight sweeping rigiit and left, up and down, and every man gazing along the path it illuminates for some glimpse of the little enemy. A swing of the beam southward brings out f*.ie grim wails and numerous cannon of Fort Adams, and shows every yacht and fishing-boat at anchor inside of Brenton's Point. The main channel, the Dumplings, the far away shore of Conanicut Island, Rose Island and its ruined old fortifications, the upper bay dotted with lazy sloops and schooners slipping down with the tide, are revealed one after another, as the powerful rays are turned slowly westward and northward until at last they are shining again in the Naval War College and Training School, and on the clustered shipping and wharves of the picturesque old town.

The Scouts of the Sea.

Torpedo-boats, however, are designed for a wider service than simply to carry and discharge the frightful weapon from which they take their name. They are to the navy wliat scouts and skirmishers are to a land army. They form the cavalry of the sea, of which the cruisers are the infantry and the battleships and monitors the artillery arm. They must spy out the position of the enemy’s fleet, hover about his flanks or haunt his anchorage to ascertain what he is about and what he means to do next. They must afct as the pickets of their own fleet, patrolling the neighborhood, or waiting and watching, concealed among Islands or In inlets and rlvermouths, ready to hasten away to the admiral with warning of any movement of the enemy. It is not their business to fight (except rarely, in the one particular way), but rather to pry and sneak and run. Hence they are as small and sleek and swift as they can be made, When the fleet goes upon a cruise, they are carried cn tiie decks of the big warships, although they are able to get about in really rough weather by themselves. A very recent idea is to build them out of aluminum, which would be not only of great advantage toward ease of transportation, but would tend toward Increased speed, by adding buoyancy and elasticity to the structure, which seems to skim along the surface and fairly leap from wave to wave; but.it is doubtful whether aluminum is strong enough for safety and whether it will not be injured by the chemical action of the sea-water—St. Nicholas.

Humane Treatment of Animals.

A general order has been issued from the Department of Agriculture to meat inspectors to use every means to secure humane treatment of animals in transportation and in stock yards. Also to make investigation as to the manner in. which animals are transported and handled by the railroad companies and stock yards, and to make suggestions with a view of improving the service and protecting animals from undue suffering and cruelty. Animals which are suffering from Injury or pain are to be promptly reported to the Humane Society unless the owner or those in charge of the stock yards properly care for them within a proper limit of time*

It Filled the Bill.

Editor—We have no use for bear stories. We want spicy matter. Contributor—But this is a story about a cinnamon bear. “How do you account for her rejecting you? Was it your prospects that she objected to?” “No; lam Inclined to think that it was her Own prospect that did the business for me. She was looking at me, you see.”—Boston Transcript

HOW OUR WHEELS ARE MADE.

Kteel Tire* on Cast-Iron Bodies—Paper Wheels the Seal Thine. Much hard thinking and many costly experiments have been Indulged in in ardor to devise processes, by which to improve the quality of the wheels used nuder railroad locomotives and cars. The tread of the car wheel is that part which runs on the rail. The flange is the lip which extends beyond the tread oa the inside edge, and is the o*ly thing that keeps a car or train from running off the track. All locomotive driving wheels In America are of east iron, but the tire Is of steel, and is shrunk onto the east Iron body, and then the tread and flange turned off in a huge lathe for that especial purpose. Chilled cast Iron wheels art* so called because when

A CAST-IRON CAR WHEEL.

molten iron is poured into the car wheel mold the Iron which goes into the tread and flange is suddenly chilled by coming in contact with a cold, heavy, cast iron ring, which Is part of the mold. The effect of this sudden chilling to to cliange the crystalline structure of the iron so that' it becomes Intensely hard, while the balance of the iron In the wheel retains its original toughness. Paper ear wheels came into use some years ago, and now they run under nearly every sleeping, parlor and dining car in the country, and ‘thousands of passenger cars. This is thd Allen paper ear wheel, made in Pullman. The east iron hub of the paper wheel is bored to fit the car axle, and its outside surface is finished to within a thousandth part of an inch to the standard guage. The body, or center of the wheel, is made of layers of strawboard, glued together, and then put under enormous pressure in a hydraulic press. The layers of strawboard are glued together in pairs, first, and each pair is allowed to cure, or dry, for several weeks, and,thus, little by little the center of the wheel la built up. The result of the successive operations is a material which in no wise resembles paper or strawboard, but rather an extremely hard, grainless wood, so tough and hard that it requires tools made of the very best steel to work it. The paper disk is turned to the proper size, and then is forced in the steel tire under a hydraulic press. The fit is so exact that the wrought iron plate and

A PATER CAR WHEEL.

bolts, which are put on either side, are scarcely needed. The wrought Iron plates are simply there for protection, for the paper disk bears all the weight, which is transmitted to it through the hub.

Home for Negroes.

Mrs. Emily K. Turner, formerly of Bluff ton, S. C., but now residing at Fort White, Fla., contemplate devoting her ancestral home, on the seaeoast of the former State, to a home and asylum for aged and infirm negroes. At the close of the war her father Dr. Kirk, persuaded all of his late slaves, nearly 300 in number, to return to the plantation, where they have beoD permitted to remain. In a letter to a relative in this city Mrs. Turner says: “Somehow I love those wrinkled, old dark faces that greet me when I go to look after their welfare on the old plantation. They are the only ones who, it I were poor, would feed and clothe me for love’s sake. There are thousands to do It for Christ’s sake; thousands to aid me for charity’s sake, but the only ones who would take care of me for love’s sake are those who were mj father’s slaves.”

Smart Golf Costume.

Fuddy—“Snapshot was showing n. & lot of photographs he has taken. They are only passable, but to hear Snapshot talk you would think them marvels of , the photographic art.” Duddy—“Yes, Snapshot isn’t much of an artist, but then his views are better than his opinions.”—Boston Transcript. “Talk about me not being of a forgiving nature,” remarked Chalkey as he erased the score of the baseball game from the blackboard; “here I am every day doing nothing but wiping out old scores.”—Roxbury Gazette. The old-time secretary with glass doors makes a pretty side-board. The glass shows dainty china and silver to good advantage, while the drawers hold table napery, etc. The best way to remove sand and grit from small fruit, when washing is necessary, is to- lay the fruit loosely in a clean basket and dip the basket into fresh, clean water. Some women are bound to be slaves; as soon as they lose one master they hunt up another one.

SERMONS OF THE WEEK

Good Men Demanded.—The oo untry to demanding men—sober men, honest men, business men, Christian men—to take care of its interests.—Rev. W. B. Loac-h, Methodist, Chicago, IH. Wealth.—The aristocracy of wealth must die. The day is coming when the Napoleons of finance will stand shoulder to shoulder with their brothers of Industry.—Rev. D. B. Greigg, Presbyterian, Baltimore,

Anger.—Anger may be justifiable or it may be bora of malice. The Saviour himself was justifiably angry, and so may we at times. But the anger of hatred or malice is inexcusable.—Rev. P. C. Yorke, .Catholic, San Francisco, Cal. Despotism.—Theoretically we have popular government, but practically we iire often dominated by the most degrading of all despotisms, the despotism of corrupt officialism, and also the despotism of iniquitous combinations and trusts.—Rev. J. P. Brush ingbam, Methodist, Chicago, 111. Funerals.—Death is sacred, th§ grave is sacred, and a funeral procession is tiie most sacred of all pypeessions. It appeals most strongly to every decent person and Is respected by all worthy the name of Christian.—Rev. W. D. Joyce, Catholic, Lowell, Mass. Great Cities.—The character of our great cities’is more and more determining the character of onr country. Our Government is rapidly upcoming a Government of great eities. New Yorly Chicago and Cincinnati practically govern this country now—Rev. XL A. <JOr, Baptist, Chicago, 111. $5? Thought.—A man’s thougfits are a good Index to his character. will thlnkjbf.'his gold, the sensualist of his plcAlfcfei; the philanthropist how he can help tlia needy. Thus a is known by the company be keeps with-in-.—Rev. W. A. Allen, Methodist, Asbury Park, N. J. Morality.—The best morality consists in not only shunning evil, but in loving the good; not only avoiding wickedness, but in seeking after the pure, Spiritual growth Is the fruitage of spiritual outleaohings. Negative morality is stag--nation.—Rev. H. L. Canfield, Universal* ist, Boston, Mass. Distress.—A financial depression has closed our industries, darkened onr homes, burdened our hearts and aroused the whole country to terror and suspicious inquiry. We are surfeited with conventions and theories. Radical remedies are proposed. Old ideas are no longer acceptable. The issues are i ital. Not only this country, but the world, is restless, fearful, distressed.— Rev. Francis Irwin, Presbyterian, Chicago.

Second-Hand Christians.—Many men are willing to give cheeks to help the poor, but they are not willing to give themselves In personal visitation or In any manifestation of personal Interest. They wish to use the religious societies as a slot machine, into which they shall put their cheeks and from which the poor shall receive benefits In some form.—Rev. R. S. MacArthur, Baptist, New York. Legislation.—Legislation must reach to the standard of morality, even to the punishment of evil doers, but there must be no religious legislation. God gives Infidels even and men,of every creed sunshine and rain, and so they have their rights in government. Let them have it in free America. Let us have moral legislation.—Rev. Georg* R. Kramer, Baptist, Brooklyn. The Pessimist.—The best sort of an optimist is a well-balanced pessimist—a man who knows black when he sees it and is willing to Call it black. It Is the man who sees the coming sunset who foretells the march of the cohorts of wifid and storm, who points to the open chasm, who does the world a- real service— Rev. A. J. Dixon, Baptist, Brooklyn. Perilous Times.—The country has seen no more serious, critical time since 1860 than it is passing through now. Industries are paralyzed, and there seems to be no assurance of their revival. There is also danger that we shall bring down upon ourselves an a valanche of disaste*. It is time to pur a way our purblind optimism and colossal national self-coneeitfSind striv£*toutilize all the wisdom of our best men. - Rev. Washington-; Gladden, Congregatiopalist, Columbus, O.

The Oak.

The male flowers of the oak are gathered in distinct clusters round a long, swaying stalk; they approach rmjch nearer to the conventional idea ofi a flower individually. Instead of a mere aggregation of anthers of cells on simple scales, those of the oJ»k' are possessed of distinct starlike, hairy calyces, each marked off intp six or seven lpbes,' and- containing ten slehder stpmeips, two. celled anthers. J'hen tnerfimgife (iWyerjj, which argusually two or tlireo, near ealfegpthefcjrilijut’not connected, consist aw^avapy, with three short-curved styles and invested by a calyx that adheres ciosfeljt to it and becomes the husk or shell"of the acorn. The whole, except the styles, is held in a cup formed of many small, overlapping, scales,, which afterward lose their individuality and shrink into mere roughness on the outside of the cup that holds the acorn. For only one of the six‘4>fcules contained in the ovary develops into an acorn of the acorn oak.

The Hardest.

An experiment, with a view to ascertain the relative resistance, under pressure, of the hardest steel and the hardest stone, was recently made at Vienna. Small cubes, measuring 1 cm. of corundum and of the flnest steel, were subject to the test. The corundum broke under the weight of six tons, but the steel resisted up to forty-two tone. The steel split up with a noise like the report of a gun, breaking into n powder, and sending sparks In every direction which bored their way into the tike shot.