Democratic Sentinel, Volume 19, Number 37, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 September 1895 — Page 3

THEY MET IN PEACE

Mammoth Gatheringof the Blue and Gray. G.A.R. AT LOUISVILLE One of the Most Successful Encampments. Matchless Hospitality of the City— Enormoia Crowd* Well Cared For, and the Whole Town Inspired to En-thusiasm-Over 40,000 Veterans Parade Before a Quarter of a MillionList of Btate Departments Appearing—Barbecues and Camp-Fires the Bcenca of Many Reunions. Monday was the opening day of the twenty-ninth annual encampment G. A. R., held this year at Loaisville. A warm invitation to assemble there was extended to the members by Mr. Henry Watterson. Many of them entered the State over thirty years ago bent on a very different mission, and much against Mr. Watterson’s wishes. About 60,000 old soldiers attended this encampment. This is only a melancholy fraction of the men who came out of the four-years' struggle with their lives, and yet it is a great number when one reflects that it is thirty years since that contest ended. These gatherings are better attended than were those held ten years after the war, closed, when the number pf veterans was so much greater than now. This is not because railroad rates are cheaper or the old soldiers are any

THOMAS G. LAWLER, Commander-in-chief G. A. R.

better able to stand the expense and the wear and tear of travel, but because as the ranks are thinned out the survivors feel more strongly drawn toward one another. Each of them feels more keenly than ever before that this may be the last time he will be able to foregather with hi 3 comrades, so he goes himself, if it is humanly possible; and, if he can, he takes his family along, so that his children may see the men side by side with whom he fought. Drawing to a Close. But the day of large gatherings is slowly and surely drawing to a close. Each year depletes the ranks. This was not so perceptible at first becnuse the Grand Army has kept on growing long after the war was over. The men who did not join it at first, either because their attention was absorbed,- in earning a living or because the war was still so near them that its memories had not ceased to be disagreeable, one by one joined that organization. So it grew while the number of old soldiers was decreasing. That period of growth is over now, and gradually these annual encampments will dwindle till tens meet where thousands meet now. First South of the Ohio. This encampment was a notable one, as it was the first held south of the Ohio River. The “boys” marched in a familiar direction and near to the locality of stirring scenes in their lives, but they went down there with different feelings from those of thirty years ago. The events in Chiago’s Oakwoods Cemetery on Decoration Day, as well as the cordial invitations from Atlanta to Northern soldiery, go to show that the era of complete reconciliation is at hand. This year’s encampment will expedite its fruition. The men of the blue and the gray will get better acquainted with each other, and will be better friends hereafter for. this meeting. The extraordinary preparations which Louisville made and the cordiality of welcome all pointed to the same result. The encampment naturally attracted large numbers of the ex-Confederates also, and the commingling of the old-time enemies under the standard of peace added its influences also toward the cementing of kindly feelings. Louisville’s Hospitality. Though many of the veterans during the year have replied to the last muster call, the encampment was one of the most successful the Grand Army has ever had. Certainly under the circumstances it was one of the most interesting. Kentucky is closely allied to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and thousands of its sons have settled in those States. The ties between them are strong, and to large numbers of these veterans the welcome will like a family one. Louisville did its best upon this occasion. Mr. Watterson and his starry-eyed girl did their best also, and if the blue invasion had threatened to be too much for the city the whole Blue Grass region would have come to the rescue. There was room enough, however, for all. Louisville never was . known to get too full. The people of the city secured concessions from railroads and hotels, and even arranged for free sleeping quarters in schoolhouses and other buildings, with the additional provision of tents and barracks. The schools for the week were dismissed. Fully 300,000 strangers were in town during the encampment. While the influx from the Northern States was tremendous, yet that from the South kept pace. All the roads ran trajns as close together as possible, and the most complete arrangements prevailed for receiving the visitors. Ovation to Lawler. The arrival of Commander-in-chief Lawler was the signal for the opening of the encampment His special train bowled into the Union Depot on time. As soon as the Commander appeared at the door of his car the members of the Reception and Invitation Committees gave him a rousing cheer. The Louisville Legion was the feature of the parade. At the Galt House crowds were awaiting the Commander’s arrival, and they kept him busy for a long time shaking hands. At 6 p. m. General Lawler and stiff dined with Colonel H. S. Cohn, and at 8 p. m. were formally presented to President Shirley, of. the Citizens’ Committee. Ransom Post of St. Louie and the Cincinnati posts serenaded the party,at President Shirley’s house, where a brilliant t social event was in progress. At night camp fires were held in New Albany and Jeffersonville, as well as in Louisville, while receptions were given Commander Lawler, Admiral Allen, Mrs.

Logan, Mr*. Wallace-and other*. At Camp Caldwell, where twelve State departments and thousands of unattached veterans were quartered free in tent*, there was singing anl story-telling and many informal camp fires. Most of the Indiana veterans were quartered at New Albany and Jeffersonville. The regimental reunions were held in the State headquarters Tuesday. Distinguished Guests. Among the distinguished visitors were: Corporal Tanner, S. D...Burdette, Gen. R. A. Alger of. Detroit, Mich., Inspector General Pond of Lansing, Mich., J. C. S. Blackburn, W. G. Bradley, General S. B. Buckner and Colonel J. A. Buckner of Louisiana, Col. W. E. Bundy of Cincinnati, J. C. Burrows of Kalamazoo, flich., General H. B. Carrington and General J. S. Clarkson of lowa, General Cassius M. Clay of Whitehall, Ky.; J. M. Coney, Judge Advocate for Massachusetts; Captain T. Davis Cunningham of Blairsville, Pa.; W. H. Derby, Senior Vice Commander, of Massachusetts; J. I. Dorsey and N. S. Dudley of Flemingsburg, Bishop Samuel Fallows of Chicago, Rev. James P. Foster of Geneva, N. Y., General John B. Gordon of Reynolds, Ga., Rev. T. H. Hagerty of St. Louis, John M. Harkin and General Warren Keifer of Springfield, Ohio, J. Proctor Knott of Lebanon, Ky., William Lindsay of Frankfort, Ky., John A. Logan of Chicago, United States Senator Manderson of Nebraska, Governor Claude Matthews of Indiana, James Whitcomb Riley of Indianapolis, Adjutant Joseph W. Roberts of Warsaw, Ky., General D. E. Sickles of New York, John W. Thayer of Lincoln, Neb., - General John G. Underwood of Chicago, Governor William H. Upham of Madison, Wis., Rev. T. D. Walker of Chicago, Colonel M. D. Wickersham of Mobile, Ala. The New Commander. The tread of the feet of the boys in blue had hardly begun before the contest for the office of Commander-in-chief was well under way. Every State represented seemed to have its favorite son, but the two men most prominently considered for the high honor were Major Thaddeus S. Clarkson of Nebraska and Colonel Ivan N. Walker of Indiana. The friends of these two veterans and of the other candidates were quickly hard at work. The opposing factions got together, and the result of the conference was the decision that Colonels Walker and Clarkson should be’the only nominees. Then an lowa delegate was to move the withdrawal of Col. Clarkson’s name and the unanimous election of Col. Walker. This would serve to give Col. Clarkson prestige at the 1896 convention. • Ivan N. Walker. Colonel Ivan N. Walker is a native of Indiana, and at the breaking out of the war, at the age of 21, was holding an important office, which he resigned to raise a company for the Seventy-third Indiana, of which he was chosen Captain. He was with his regiment in all its engagements, and for gallant conduct on Stone River’s contested field won the rank of Major, and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in March, 1863, and on the death of the colonel became commander of the regiment. For a year he endured the horrors of Libby prison, and escaped through the historic tunnel in February, 1864. Afterward he rendered important service in the Army of the Cumberland, protecting the line of supplies between Stevenson and Decatur, on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad and Tennessse River, during the advance on Atlanta. At the battle of Nashville he' received the personal thanks of General Thomas. After the war, owing to ill- ■ health, arising from confinement in Libby, he resided in Nashville, Tenn., for six years, but returned to Indianapolis in 1871, where he has since lived. He became a member of the G. A. R. in 1867, and on the reorganization of the Depart-

COL. IVAN N. WALKER.

ment of Indiana served as Commander of George H. Thomas Post, the largest post in the department. He was appointed assistant adjutant general of this department in 1887, and reappointed three times. In 1891, declining a fifth term, he was chosen Department Commander, and at Indianapolis, in 1893, was chosen Senior Vice Commander-in-chief. He possesses in a high degree executive ability, and is in every way fitted to fill with honor the position of Commander-in-chief. Naval Veterans’ Parade, In the naval veterans’ parade Tuesday morning thirty-seven different associations were represented and they made an imposing column. At their business meeting the following officers were elected: Rear Admiral, Samuel Allen, of New York; Commodore, E. C. Farquhar, Zanesville, Ohio; Captain, Geo. Fritschner, Louisville; Commodore, W. J. Ferguson, Philadelphia; Lieutenant Commander, E. D. Bliss, Brooklyn; Senior Lieutenant, D. B. Ungay, Rockford, 111.; Under Lieutenants, James Stanley, New York; F. L. Ferguson, Thomas G. Henos, Cincinnati; Paymaster, E. F. Duston, Providence; Fleet Engineer, G. L. Seavy, Chicago; Judge Advocate General, Charles Cowley, Chicago; Chaplain, the Itev. A. S. McWilliams, Detroit. Wednesday’s Great Parade. At least 40,00 P men were in the great parade of Wednesday, and it was watched by over 300,000 people. Several circuses had sent their blue board seats, and there were review stands on the line of march to accommodate over 150,000 persons. The route of march looked like an immense amphitheater. Many hundreds of the boys had become worn out, and watched their comrades in the line of march. The following were among the State departments appearing: Department of Indiana, with 124 posts, the largest number of any department; Kentucky, with 90 posts; Illinois, 39; Alabama, 2; Delaware, 1; lowa, 2; Kansas, 5; Louisiana, 11; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 8; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 10; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 2; New York, 5; Ohio, 90; Pennsylvania, 11; Vermont, 2; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 3; Oklahoma, 1; Washington, D. C., 3; Oregon, Idaho and Washington, 1 post each. Tire crowning feature of the encampment was the great Kentucky barbecue and burgoo feast, at which over 200,000 participated. Notes of tho Encampment. When the citiaans had put the finishing touches to the street decorations and the triumphal arches, both the residence and the business districts presented a beautiful appearance. The lowa boys took along the A. O. TJ. W. band of thirty-five pieces from Cedar Falls. Colt J. K. Thompson, department commander, with his staff, was with the delegation. One of the most pleasing incidents of the encampment was the presentation to

Commander-in-chief Lawler by the aide* de camp on his personal staff of one Of the finest diamond badges ever made in this country. More than |4,500 .was thus collected and the order for the badge was placed in the hands of one of the most famous jewelry firms in the country. The badge is said to be one of the handsomest pieces of work of the kind ever made. It is solid gold and imbedded in the metal are several large diamonds and other precious stones. All of the emblems of the order are engraved on it, and on the reverse side is an appropriate inscription giving the date of presentation and other data. Two special trains were necessary to take Wisconsin's delegation. Maryland sent a good crowd, and they had a cracking band which played with much vim “Maryland, My Maryland.” At different times during ine week six national conventions were in session. These comprised the national encampment of the Grand Army and the national sessions of the Woman’s Relief Corps, Ladies of the Grand Army, National Association of Naval Veterans, National Association Daughters of Veterans, and National Association of Union ex-Prisoners of War. In addition to these events there were a score or more of campfires, at some of which ex-Presi-dent Harrison, Gov. McKinley, ex-Speak-er J. Warren Keifer and other men of national reputation delivered addresses. Each member from North Dakota carried some sort of weapon fashioned out of wheat straw in the big parade. About 1,000 Chicago veterans attended, while the State at large sent 4,500 more. Michigan and Indiana boys went down together, much as they did thirty-five years ago. They had their own bands and drum corps, and mustered a big crowd. The Missouri contingent filled thirteen coaches. Buffalo, St. Paul and Denver made a hot fight for the next encampment. At the big Jeffersonville, Ind., campfire Gov. Claude Matthews, Corporal Tanner and Gen. Lew Wallace spoke to 7,000 persons. In the chapel at the Indiana prison south forty-five convict veterans held the most unique camp-fire of the week by special permission of Warden Hert. The coat lapel buttons of the United Confederate Veterans were to be seen on every hand, but their wearers acted as guides, philosophers and friends to their guests of the week. That latchstring concerning which the brilliant Henry Watterson talked so eloquently before the members of the Pittsburg encampment was very much in evidence. Not one alone, but a hundred of them, hanging on the outside. It is doubtful if the city ever before entertained so many guests. Certain it is, the town never before had within its limits so many battle-scarred soldiers. The reception by the Woman’s Relief Corps to Commander Lawler was the leading social event of the week. Thousands of both thd blue and the gray attended. For two hours veterans and their wives paid their respects to the receiving party. It is said by veterans who have attended every encampment that the reception surpassed anything of the kind ever held. In the big parade was the old war horse Ned, aged 40 years. His present owner, B. F. Crawford, of Northeast, Pennsylvania, got possession of him thirty-two years ago and says Ned was then 8 years old, according to his mouth. Until five years ago Ned did his share of the work on Mr. Crawford’s Pennsylvania farm. Ned was captured from Gen. Jubal Early’s corps near Washington, and was given to his present owner to replace an animal which had been shot in a skirmish, At the close of the war Mr. Crawford left Washington on Ned’s back. Ned has been conspicuous at former encampments. He gave out at Tittsburg last year, and in the Louisville parade he rode on a float. The Chicago posts took the city by storm. The famous Columbia, that post so loved by Southerners, marched at once to the Galt House, and were wildly cheered as they passed through the streets. When they renched the hotel scores of exConfederates bid them welcomo to Kentucky, and the Chicago men were toasted and feasted to repletion. It is estimated that the Illinois visitors numbered 10,000.

GREAT BRITAIN MAY PROTEST.

Wq Drainage Canal Likely to Give Rise to International Controversy. The dominion government is considering what course it will be best to follow in protesting against the construction of the Chicago canal, by which it is contended the water level of the great lakes and in the harbors on the Canadian side of these waters is likely to be lowered. One of the government engineers who is looking into the matter said that the government had expected there would be no necessity for a remonstrance from Canada, as the harbors on the Amoriean side of the lakes, which would be ns injuriously affected as the Canadian harbors by lowering the lake level, would use their influence successfully in preventing tho construction of the Chicago canal. However, the Canadian Government is preparing a case to submit to Washington through the British Government, pointing out the disastrous effect the construction of the canal would have on Canadian shipping. The minister of justice says the law of nations governs the Canadian case in this question.

Minnesota Civilization.

A large number- of Indians, who had been employed at Deer River, near Grand Rapids, Minn., by Frank H. Vance to harvest his hay crop, went on a strike for $4 a ton, and because their demand was not granted surrounded Vance and threatened to scalp him and burn him at the stake. Vance escaped and the Indians returned to their reservation.

Told in a Few Lines.

While drunk at Leadville, Col., Richard Sables' shot and killed Matt O’Brien. James Pique was waylaid by robbers near Brazil, Ind., and left on the railroad track to die. Michael Finan, the outgoing treasurer of Paulding County, Ohio, has a shortage of $28,122.24 to account for. Capt Charles G. Culver, for years one of the best known merchants in the Northwest, died at Sioux CKy, lowa, of fatty degeneration of the heart. James Hensley, Jr., aged 17, was fatally burned at Anderson, Ind., by the bursting of a natural gas pipe on which he was working. This is the third accident of the kind that has happened at Anderson in ten'dajra. f

TO AMERICAN HEROES

DEDICATION OF MONUMENTS ON CHICKAMAUGA'S FIELD. Moat Brilliant and Stirring Demonstration of Patriotism Bince the Civil War—South Wild with Enthusiasm—Park Has No Counterpart. After Thirty-two Years. Patriotism and pleasure held sway in the South. From the Grand Army encampment at Louisville to the Chiekamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was a solid streak of red, white and blue. Everywhere aloug the route the hundreds of thousands of peopi* joined the scores of thousands of visitors iu one grand burst of patriotic enthusiasm. Chattanooga, the pretty little Southern Tennessee city, caught the spirit, and for the five days devoted to the dedicatory exercises on the famous field of Chickamauga she was gay with fipwers and bunting. The South and its people turned everything loose and went in for a period of festivities and freedom, with the dual desire to celebrate the dedication and to honor the stars and stripes. In short, it was a holiday for nil the people and they went into It with an enthusiasm that insured great enjoyment. But the exercises were not without a serious side. The dedication of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga Military Park upon the thirty-second anniversary of tho battle of Chicknmaugo, and the accompanying State nnd society celebrations.

MAP OF CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL PARK.

constitute the most brilliant and stirring pageant and patriotic demonstration the country has seen since the civil war. It took place by an act of Congress, and under the direction of Government officials. It wns national in character, and included both Union and Confederate characters and organizations. Its object Is the fostering of f.rieudly and reunion sentiments. The patriotism of the nation was assembled on two adjacent battlefields, one of which saw a victory for the Confederates, and the other a victory for the Union arms. As the dedication was a national event and as the ceremonies and proceedings were under the immediate direction of Secretary of War Lamont nearly every prominent official of the United States Government and of the different States were present. Among them were the Cabinet, the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Vice President and twenty United States Senators, the Speaker of the House and thirty Representatives, Lieut. Gen. Schofield anil Maj. Gen. Miles, accompanied by a large body of regular troops and Admiral Gherardi and Admiral Walker, of the United States Navy. There was a large attendance of patriotic military organizations, some of which purposely arranged to hold their regular annual celebration at the same time and place as*the dedication exercises. First nmong these was the Society of the Army of the Cumberland, which celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. The Army of the Cumberland entertained as its special guests at Chattanooga the Society of the Army of the Tennessee,

ONE OF THE EIGHT SHELL MONUMENTS MARKING THE SPOT WHERE BRIGADE COMMANDERS WERE KILLED: CUICKAMAUGA.

which held its twenty-seventh aunual reunion Sept. 16 and 17, at Cincinnati. The Confederate Society of the Army of the Tennessee was also present in force. A large delegation went from the annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Louisville. It is estimated that 75 per cent, of the veterans found their way to Chattanooga. There was also a large attendance of the Sons of Veterans. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans was ill in California, and sent word that he could not come. Gen. James Longstreet, of the Confederate army, attended upon condition that he be not asked to participate in the exercises. He was accompanied by Gen. A. P. Stewart, one of his brigade commanders in the battle. The dedication exercises- proper occupied the first two days, and opened and closed with a salute <ff 100 guns. The official program was as follows: First day—Grand parade of veterans, North and South. Dedication of the Chiekamauga section of the park. Exercises at Snodgrass Hill, opened by Secretary Lamont Orators, Gen. John M. Palmer of Illinois (Union) and Gen. John B. Gordon of Georgia (Confederate). Eight p. m., at Chnttanooga, exercises conducted by tlip Society of the Army of the Tennessee (Union) and the Army of Tennessee (Confederate), Gen; Granville M. Dodge presiding. Orators, Gen. O. O.

Howard, U. S. A., and Gen. Joseph Wheeler of Alabama. Second day—Dedication of the Chattanooga section oT the- park, exercises beginning at nooh at Chattanooga. Orators, Gen. Charles H. Grosyenor of Ohio (Union) and Gen. William H. Bate of Tennessee (Confederate). Eight p. m., at Chattanooga, exercises conducted by veterans of the Army of the Potomac (Union) and the Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate), Gen. Edward C. Walthall of Mississippi presiding. Orators, Gen. Orlando Smith and Gov. William G. Oates of Alabama. The dedication ceremonies at the park were under the direction of Secretary of War Lumont. Bishop Hunt of Tennessee delivered the invocation and Bishop Keane of Richfuond gave the benediction. Speeches were made by* Gen. Warner on behalf of the committee, and by Gen. Dodge for the Army of the Tennessee. The Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park is the graudest reservation of its kind in the world, and in many respects the most comprehensive and extended military object lesson. The United States Government has spent on it $750,000 since its establishment was authorized in 1890, and various State Governments about ssoo,ooo.more, making a total of $1,250,000. The plan was to restore the old lines of the Chickamnuga and Chattanooga campaigns (Sept. 19-20 and Nov. 24-25,1803,) as they were when the battles were fought, to mark all the points of attack pr defense by either side, to set up monuments to commemorate the troops which fought, and so far as practicable restore the fields to their original condition; and this design has been carried out to the letter. The Chickamauga and Chattanooga campaigns were in a measure representu-

tive of the whole country. Chlokamaugu is helU by military experts to have been the best demonstration of the pluck, endurance, prowess anil strategy of the American soldier ever given and, measured by percentage of losses and the duration of the fighting, the deadliest conflict of modern times, while its sequel and companionpiece, Chattanooga, is considered to have been the most spectacular engagement. Of the ten square miles constituting the area of the park something over 5,000 acres are forest and about 1,000 acres open farms. A central driveway, passing and ovedpokiug all the heavy hghting ground, has been built twenty u piles long. Forty,-),wo miles of the roads of the bnttles have been reopened aiid improved in a substantial and enduring manner, and new roads have been dotted up. Many of the minor roads ulso been cutout nnd graded, so that'there a i-e now about sixty miles of driveways in tli« park, nil of them along the roads of the war. The removul of underbrush and the clearing out of the new growth of timber have opened the forest so that carriages cun drive through it in all directions, nnd the appearance now is like thnt of an immense area of forest pasture in the Blue Grnss region. The Chiekamaugn portion of the park is connected with the Chuttannoga end of it by national driveways. Within the park the Government has set up 400 historical tablets and will set up 1,1(00 more hereafter, each three or four feet, consisting of east-iron plates, glazed black, fastened to iron posts set in concrete. On these tablets in embossed white letters are set forth briefly and impartially the historic details of the six battles —Ohiekamauga, Missionary Ridge, Ixiokout Mountain, Orchard Knob, Wauhatehie and Brown's Ferry. They also mark the positions of army headquarters, corps, divisions and brigades, both Union and Confederate, and the parts taken by each organization are concisely stated, without censure and without praise. Besides these tablets, the Government has erected nine handsome granite monuments, nil different, one for euch of the organizations of regular troops engaged iu the battles. It lias also built, on the spots where they fell, eight pyramidal monuments of novel design, each ten feet high, constructed of eight-inch shells, in honor of four general Union officers and four Confederate officers killed in action. In addition, the Government ha? built five tall observation towers of iron and steel seventy feet high, two on Missionary Ridge and three on Chiekamaugn field, from which the landscape below is seen clearly nnd easily recognizable from its markings. And, finally, the Government has marked the most important fighting positions occupied by each of the thirtyfive Union batteries and thirty-nine Com federate batteries engaged in the battles by 400 mounted ennnon of the types and appearance then used, giving to the fields an impressive element of realism. Two guns markj each battery location, and, inasmuch as some of the batteries occupied several different positions and did notable fighting at different points in the fields at separate stages of the battles, many positions have had to be duplicated, thus utilizing in all 400 cannon to locate tho spots occupied by the seventy-four batteries. • The only private monument yet contracted for is to be ejected to commemmorate the valor of George W. Landrum, a lieutenant of the Second Ohio Regiment, who was shot on .the afternoon of Sspt. 20, 1863, by some men of the Third Tennessee Regiment, while carrying a verbal message from General Thomas to General Rosecrans. His dying words were: “I am glad to have shed my blood in so noble a cause.” But while the national government has

marked these positions it has b«en left to the States haring troops in the battles to erect monuments to State regiments and organizations and to the military societies to commemorate the particular services of their membership. Twenty-eight States had organisations in these battles, a more general representation than appeared upon any other battlefield of tha war. Five States had troops on both side*—Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, West Virginia aud Maryland. At

OBSERVATORY TOWER, CHICKAMAUGA.

Chickamauga ltosecrans had 129 regiments of infantry and enough cavalry and artillery to make up a total of 182 organizations. Bragg hnd 138 regiments of Infantry, 33 of cavalry, and 41 batteries. Still, despite the general representation, four Northern States furnished the bulk of the Union troops. These were Ohio with 55 organizations, Indiana with 37, Illinois with 33, and Kentucky with 17. On the Confederate side Tennessee had 5(1 organizations at Chickamauga, Alabama had 30, Georgia 24, Mississippi 21, and Arkansas 16. In the Chattanooga movement Grant had 220 regiments of Infantry and, with his cavalry and artillery, 201 organizations. Bragg hnd 108 regiments of iufuntry, 33 regiments of cavalry and 40 batteries, altogether 242 organizations. The distribution by States wus a little wider, but the bulk of the troops wore furnished by Ohio, Illinois uud Indiana, Ohio having 09 organizations there, Illinois 55, Indiana 34, Missouri 17, New York 10, Pennsylvania 12, lowa 11, and Wisconsin 10. On the Confederate side Tennessee furnished 54 organizations, Georgia 50, Alulmmn 44, Mississippi 13, uud .Carolina 15. The States Lave as a rulo provided one inemoriul for each organization, making a spoctuele which has no counterpart ou any other battlefield In the world.

BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. Most Remarkable and Hunuuinury of Modern Wars, It was on the afternoon of Sept. 18, 1803, thnt the first shot was fired. All that day Bragg, who hud been flanked out of Cha(oyioogu, bad been trying to got his army between Uosencruns and the City of Chattunooga, and Rosecrnns, who hud sent hia army South in pursuit L Bragg, having discovered Brngg’s design, was making an equally'desperate effort to concentrate his scattered divisions between Bragg and tho city. At thnt time the forest was primeval in denkbness, and the underbrush so thick that it was impossible to see more than 100 yards ahead. Igiwrant of each other's exact locution, the two armies came nonror to each other. At daybreak on Saturday morning, Sept. 10, (hey came face to face In,this foroßt of pine's uud Indian-like jungle of underbrush, uud by 7:30 o'clock that morning tho most remarkable buttle of the civil war was raging in all its fury. Tho losses were appalling. In the next forty-eight hours 20,000 men wero killed, and neither side hnd won. At the end of two days both armies withdrew from the field. General Rosecrans retaining possession of Chattanooga, tho objective point of the campaign. General Rose? crane hnd In action thirty brigades of Infantry, five of cnvnlry, one of mouuted infantry and thirty-three batteries, aggregating 50,100 officers and men. General Bragg had thirty-five brigades of Infantryj ten of cnvnlry and about thirty butteries, aggregating probably 05,000 men. The percentage or mortality,for die time of fighting is claimed to bo greater thnn known in any battle In ancient or modern history. But tho battle hud other features of a remarkable nature. As a general thing the armies know of each other’s nppron/h.

SPECIMEN MONUMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CAVALRY.

An attack being mnde or threatened by n large force was the signal for the smaller to retreat. The approach of ono regiment upon another regiment was usually known to the eye of each. But at the battle of Cliickumauga there was no warning, and hence no preparation. Unaware of their proximity, the two armies came face to face in a smlden and terrible crush, and the smoke from the guns of the men on one side mingled with the smoke of the guns of the men on the other. Often it was a hand-to-hand conflict. The denseness of the forest shortened the vision, and regiment met regimont almost at elbows. The battle field proper is about six miles long north nnd south, and a little more than two miles wide east and west, this now being about the size of the ground reserved for the park. On this small plot of ground thousands and thousands of men met, fought and died in tho bloodiest battle of the war. Brigade after brigade, regiment nfter regiment and division after division went up those pine-clad slopes only to fall back again,'repulsed. Neither side knew at any time during the two days’ battle what it had lost or what the other perhaps had gained. For twenty-seven years after this memorable battle nothing was done, to commemorate the spot. The underbrush was the same, and the forest denser than ever, for the trees which had been shot down or shattered had healed and grown again, stronger, bigger and taller than before. Once an enterprising gentleman started a sawmill in the vicinity, but quit the business at the end of a month with a Ihoice assortment of ruined saws. For years and years no sawmill man would dare touch a piece of timber from the Chiekamaugn battle field, for he never knew when the teeth of his circular would plow Into a shattered cannon ball or a nest of flattened bullets. For two days it fairly rained lead nnd iron in that forest, and bullets pattered like raindrops pn tho antumn leaves. No wonder the oaks and pines carry memories of the battlo. For that reason this timber has never been of use to man except in the way of relics.

REFUSED TO FLY.

A Carrier-Pigeon Evidently Saw ti Storm Many Mtlea Away. It was not often, during the weeks that followed the inauguration of th* carrier pigeon dispatch, that the bird* lit on the hotel or elsewhere upon bolng released. When the weather wa* fine they usually started for the opposite shore without delay; but if tho mainland was obscured in fog they always circled about the town, rising higher and higher, until they were able to peer over the fog bank, and thus determine the direction in which their food and shelter and comrades lay. It was very seldom that a messenger was dispatched alone. There is danger of attacks from hawks, and a hawk will not molest two or more pigeon* traveling in company. F’dr nud sometimes three and four times, per day, as the demand for private messages required, the carrier pigeons were dispatched from Catalina, and with such success that the service will be renewed this year. The steamer left Avalon at 8 a. m., and about the middle of the afternoon a chronicle of the day's events was sent over by the birds, and published the following morning in a Los Angeles paper. Once only the messengers refused to go. It was about the time of the great railroad strikes, and of course somebody hnd to suggest that the birds had Joined the union. They started oft promptly, went out for half a mile or so, and then, to the amazement of all, suddenly veered round and returned to the loft on the wharf It proved afterward that a curious electric storm was In progress at the time, In the region round about Los Angeles, and the Intelligent homers wisely concluded to take no chances. Tlio next day the same dispatched, and went off “without a word." Every youngster In either loft Is duly numbered as soon as he Is able to stand alone. The number, with the Initials of tho bird’s owner, Is stamped on a little brass ring, which Is clasped about the pigeon's leg. Each number refers to a corresponding one in a register which records tho (late of hatching, pedigree, description, and so forth, of each pigeon.—St. Nicholas.

HE IS KING.

Hurry VllUcra Occupies that Position Over tho Kululita of the Houd. For many years past a tall, well-built and dignified man has traveled us a tramp all over the New England States,

but principally In Maine. Ho first made his appearance as a tourist -shortly after the clhso of Iho lute war, In which ho Is believed to have served. He then guve his ntimo ns Harry VlHicrs, bus t h Is* it a s almost been forgotten by

tho many thousands who now know Jilin almost entirely as “tho king of tramps." Vlljters is not by any meang, tho ordinary hobo—dirty, ihtevlng and Insolvent. lie Is rather a genteel and easy-going Idler, ovldently well educated sociable aud a capital conversationalist except on the topic of his own history, regarding which ho maintains obstinate Bilouce. From occasional remarks he has made it Is clear thnt before coming to this country he served In the British army, and mauy a story he has related of life In bor majesty's service, always, however, with care to convey tho Idea that he Is telling of other men's experiences. All over down East, Villiers Is known to everybody ns a happy-go-lucky wanderer, a man who never did any hard work and who yet always looked clean and well fed. Tho warm months have always found Harry afoot, out and about, while tho cold weather has always driven him to the best Jail he could get Into. The redeeming feature of Vlllier’s worthless life Is that ho was never known to steal a cent's worth of anything or Insult anybody. Begging and drluklng ssldo - and ho never was much of a drinker —tho king of tramps Is regarded almost as a gentleman. Now, at the age of 02, he Is dying In the Wtervllle almshouso of a lung disease.

AN IMPROVED SAW.

By Means of Which the Depth of the Cut May Be Accurately Gauged. This Ingenious device has Just been patented by a man in Brooklyn. It consists in having the back of a saw detachable, so that It may be moved down the blade to any desired place, thereby gauging the deflth of the cut.

PATENT SAW.

The back is U-shaped to fit both sides of tho blade. The free ends of the back portion extend through recesses In the handle and are fastened in place by a thumb screw. For some kinds of work this arrangement will be found very convenient and useful.

Execution of Admiral Byng.

The execution was fixed for March 14, and Byng's demeanor thenceforward was equally unaffected and undaunted. He met his death with a calmness of demeanor and a fortitude cf spirit that proved him to be no coward of that ignoble type which fears pain or dissolution as the greatest aad most awful of evils. His personal friends were solicitous to avoid anything that might give him unnecessary pain, and one of them, a few days before the end, inventing a pitiful russ, said to him, “Which of us is taller?” “Why this ceremony?" asked the Admiral. “I know well what It means; let the man come and measure me for my coffin.”—The Plymouth Road—C. G. Harper.

Fun on Vesuvius.

After the recent eruption of Vesuvius and while the lava was still smoking hot scores of small boys from Naples climbed the mountain to the very edge of the crater and pelted each other with chunks of steaming lava. Sometimes people become so lonesome that they want to howl like a dog. i ■ v " ■ •. ■ ■-

HARRY VILLIERS.