Democratic Sentinel, Volume 19, Number 29, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 26 July 1895 — REAL RURAL REAPING [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

REAL RURAL REAPING

WILL BE FOUND IN THIS DEPARTMENT. New ind Popular Variety of Apple— How to Conatruct a Windmill—A Tile Drain Outlet—Advantage of a Separator in the Dairy. Securing Power Cheaply. secure power at llttje expense, a windmill Is easy, of .construction. To make one for ordinary farm use, build a tower about twenty -feet high with timbers leaning, as dhown In cut, baying the fans facing northwest. The fans can be hewed out of Umber about twelve feet long, leaving each fan six feet long from the axle where they cross each other. The fans are bolted firmly to the wheel of an old mower, the gearing being secured to the top of the tower. On the end of the mower axle, whleh comes back to the center of the tower, fusten a sprocket wheel with an iron wedge, over this put a chain, and In this way the power Is conveyed down to the pump or machinery below. A belt and pulley will not work on the end of the axle unless covered from the weather. Of course this windmill can-

not revolve to face the wind from different quarters, but as the prevailing winds bldw from the northwest, It will fill the titll most of the time, especially In the Northwestern States, where the winds never grow tired of blowing from the west and northwest A rod should project out about twenty Inches in the center of the fans and wires may be stretched from jpolnt to point over the end of this rod to support the fans in a heavy wind. The fans shown In the Illustration are arranged to give increased power by addlfig extra pieces. This windmill furnishes three horse-tfower and only costs a few dollars. A large pulley behlpd the fans serves for a brake to act upon.—Farm and Home. The Quality of Hon«;y. Honey Is obtained by beqg ifrpm the nectar of flowers, and- Us qolor, taste and character are mainly dependent on the kind of flower which the bees frequent Every experienced bee keepet soon learns to recognize the white and excellenthoney procured from"the white clover blossom. In locallUes where there are numerous basswood, trees, a very choice honey, but darker than that from white clover, is made from their blossoms. It Is to many tastes preferable to the lighter-colored honey from the white clover. The bees do not visit different kinds of flowers on the same trip, nor are different kinds of honey placed In the same cell. Buckwheat honey is that made last in the season, and It Is also the darkest It has a strong flavor, but some prefer It for eating to the more delicately-flavored kinds. But as buckwheat honey does not sell so well on the market, It is usually left for the bees to eat during the winter.

The Vitality of Chickens. Chickens batched in hen houses in hot weather are generally feeble' gild easily succumb to any disease. As the hens approach the moulting period, their eggs contain germs with weaker vitality and many are unable to hatch. This Is In part due to the rapid evaporation of moisture from the egg in hot weather. The hens that haye a run out of doors and make their nests on;the ground, sit and hatch full broods. The moisture In the soil checks the evaporation from the egg and thus preserves the vitality of Its germ. Hens should be allowed to make nests, sit and hatch their chickens on the ground during the summer months. The Outlet of the Tile Drain*. The outlet of a tile drain should not be of tile. A more stable ending to a drain Is needed to resist the action of frost, washing, etc. It Is best to have the outlet constructed of stone or brick, or both, and to have the opening covered with fine wire netting to keep out

small animals. The stones or brick should be laid In cement The Illustration gives a suggestion of how the worj£ may well be done. In warm climates earthenware gratings attached to a vitrified or glazed tile may be used instead of iron netting. * ' Wild Plums and Their Seedlings* There are many wild plum trees whose blossom Is not perfect, and which never bear unless they are near cultivated plums. These wild plums are, when grown, not equal tb the best cultivated sorts, but some of their seedlings are seuiqout as great acquisitions, because they are exempt from attacks by the curculio. This only proves true where the little turk has better fruit to feed on. It is not hard to find the curcullo, and to do this saving the best fruit costs on an average in an orchard not more than 10 cents per tree. This is better than giving.up the best plums. Blasted Grain. Every year at harvest there will be some heads of grain that,)Mlve turned black and not a kernel of grain can bs

found as them. It Is possible that accidental Injury to the straw from hall or heavy rain jnay cause this blasting of the heads. It la more common on rich land, but that la probably because there the grain growe most La most tender and most susceptible to Injury. The neighboring heads are no* affected. This shows that no bacterial disease causes the Injury, and that confirms the belief that It Is due only to 1 accidental Injuries, which cannot always be prayefued. , - Clover and Poultry. The cows and pigs are allowed on the clover field with profit, and If one will estimate the space thus given over to such stock It will be found that, In comparison with weight, the poultry will give better returns, with the same privileges, as the larger stock. We know of no place more appropriate for poultry than a clover field, says Mirror and Farmer. The fowls will not only find the best kind of green food, but also Insects. Thetf, again, dover Is rich In the mineral elements, and contains many times more lime than does grain. If not too fat, the hens that are privileged to pick the leaves of clover will never eggs that have soft shells. They will cost nothing for food, and will give as good returns In proportion as any stock, and with less outlay for labor, doing no damage whatever to the clover, and being less liable to disease. Clover Is excellent food also for geese, ducks, turkeys nnd guineas, and provides au abundance of food at a low cost Killing Canada Thistles. The first thing to be done to get rid of these pests, says the Rural New Yorker, Is to plow the land just after the crop Is off, with a good set of gang plows, turning It about three Inches deep; then In three or four days dig or harrow it with a harrow like the Thomas. Leave It alone for a week or so and plow It over with au ordinary plow, about five or six inches deep, as It had formerly been plowed. Then harrow well, and prepare for fall wheat and seed down to clover and timothy, and you will find very ffew thistles. If the land is In good shape for wheat, or If you Intend to sow a spring crop, do not give the second plowing until late In the fall, and where spring plowing will answer, It is a good plan to cultivate or harrow the land, then plow and harrow and pfepare*the ground as usual for whatever crop you wish to sow. '() The Banana Apple. • At the’ recent annual meeting of the New Jersey State Horticultural Society, an apple called by the exhibitor the banana tipple was shown. This variety sq ,a needling, originating on the farm Of, CL B. Blackwell, of Titusville, Merced County, N. J., about twenty years a£o, and It has in the meantime become qulto < well known In that section. It Is thus df&brlbed: Large, roundish conical with a deep calyx' basin, which Is somewhat Irregular, calyx closed, some russet patches in basin. In color when ripe It Is a yellowish green, a pale copperish blush on sunny side and fainter splashlngs of the same color, and sparsely marked over the surface with minute dots. Stem a half Inch, some-

times a little more in length, In a basin of average size, rather deep and a little Irregular. Sweet, good for family or market, season January to March. The trees are said to be excellent bearers. Tying, Up Karly Cabbage. The heading of early cabbage may be hastened by binding a string around the head so as to press the outer leaves together. It will moke a difference of ten days to two weeks over cabbage not so treated, and this increased easiness secures a much better and higher market Where the cabbage leaves are tied up there are fewer of the outer leaves to be thrown away In preparing for cooking. A Good Butter Herd. The man who has a specially good butter herd cannot afford to furnish milk to a cheese factory, nor to ship his product to a city to be sold with low grade milk from all sources. Find out what you want to do before you begin to build your herd, and then follow that purpose steadily, and you will be apt to come out all right. What Separators Would Save. The Cornell, N. Y., experiment station has discovered that butter fat can be extracted from whey by running It through * separator. The general adoption of the process, it is estimated, would save the dairy Interest In New York $1,000,000 a year. The entire expense of cheesemaking would be saved from this waste product

Orchard Grass for Permanent Pasture Orchard grass Is excellent for perma* nent pasture. Timothy lasts but a few years, and clover less. A good mixture Is five pounds red clover, four pounds timothy, fourteen pounds Kentucky blue grass and five pounds orchard grass. The first two make the good pasture in the start. *t EuaUagc for Economy. In point'of economy, ensilage excels fori feeding Cows, as more pounds of nutriment can be grown to the acre ihali df almost any crop; and with the silo for preserving it we are able to keep more stock with greater profit than by the old methods. Fancy Butter Making. The great; secret In fancy butter making, says a dairy writer, Is a studied purpose to keep all foreign substances and flavors out of the milk, cream and butter, and have only original material from start to finish, and fancy butter results. Preventive for Potato Bcab. Potato scab can be largely prevented by treating the seed planted rbr- three hours In a solution of two oupces of corrosive sublimate in sixteen gaUeas of water.

A HOME-MADE WINDMILL.

TILE DRAIN OUTLET.

THE BANANA APPLE.