Democratic Sentinel, Volume 18, Number 17, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 11 May 1894 — Page 5

THE LIMEKILN CLUB.

Brother Gardner Discourses Upon Hygiene. When the routine business of the last meeting of the Limekiln Club had been finished Brother Gardner arose and said: “I hev a letter from de Stait B’od of Health of Arkansaw inquarin’ if it am my opinyun, based on observashun, dat de cull’d man has made any progress in de matter of hygiene doorin’ do las’ five y’ars. I shall instruct de secretary to reply to de effect dat he has made a heap of progress an’ am gittin dar wid boas feet. Time was when de cull’d man did’nt know dat he had any constitushun, system or health, but yo’ can’t fool him no mo’.

“Ten y’ars ago if Samuel Shin had bin told dat it was onhealthy to sleep in a close room, with three dawgs under de bed an’ a bar’l o’ soap grease in a co’ner, he would hev smiled wid contempt. It was only arter he had lost his left lung an’ had his right knee sprung out of shape dat he began to study de laws of health an’ drive de dawgs out doahs. I kin remember callin’ at de cabin of Shindig Watkins a few y’ars ago. Dar was nine pussons, fo’ dawgs, a guinea hen an’ two cats in de family, an’ dey was all asleep in one room. Brudder Watkins got up wid a headache, an’ when I hinted at de laws of health he looked at me in de greatest astonishment. Ten y’ars ago, if Giveadam Jones had found asl bill in de road, he would hev bought a watermillyon an’ swallerd half de seeds an’ gnawed clean down to de bark. Den he would hev heaved in a dozen harvest apples, six plums, a quart of cherries, three bananas an’ a few pears. Dar would still hev existed a vacuum, an’ he would hev filled it wid a cocoanut, a dish of ice cream an’ about a quart of lemonade. “He would hev gone to bed as peart as yo’ please, an’ had he woke up at midnight wid de feelin’ dat wolves was bitin’ him an’ elephants walkin’ on him, he would hev claimed dat it was all on account of his wife wantin’ a new pa’r o’ shoes.

“I kin remember goin’ by de cabin of Waydown Bebee and seein’ his picaninnies a-playin’ in de yard among slops, bones, cabbage stalks, dishcloths, fish heads, chicken feathers, old boots, bottles, cansan’ sich. When I leaned ober de gate an’ spoke of hygiene, Brudder Bebee got mad an’ wouldn’t pay me de borrowed money I had cum arter, an’ I shouldn’t hev got it to dis day had 1 not threatened him wid a lickin’. He thought it hardened de chile, an’ he looked upon me as an old crank. “Up to five or six years ago no cull’d pussen suspected he had a stomach. He sorter imagined his food dropped down somewhar, but he neither knew nor cared whar. De idea was to keep de cavity full, an’ it didn’t make much difference wid what. One day I found Brudder Artichoke Johnson lyin’ out back of my cabin. He was jest de sickest man I eber saw, an’ he claimed he had been bit by a rattlesnake. It didn’t take me long to find out what was de matter. He had eaten turnips, onions, tomatoes, cabbages an’ cowcumbers from my garden till de billyous colic was pullin’ him apart. I lifted him up an’ hooted him out into de road, an’ explained de laws of health to him, but it was a hull y’ar befo’ he would accept my statements.

“Yes, I am glad to say, de cull’d people of dis kentry hev made rapid progress doorin’ de las’ few y’ars in de matter of hygiene, an’ from dis on dey will go ahead jest as fast as white folks. Take de flattestheaded niggar in de kentry, an’ if he finds a bottle of medicine in de road does he pull out de cork an’ imbibe de contents ? Not much he used to do so, but he’s heard about hygiene. He jest puts dat bottle in his pocket till he meets up wid a doctor an’ finds out whether its port wine or boss medicine. We doan’ sleep wid our feet out of de winder no mo’. We doan’ soak our heads in ice water to cure chilblains. We doan’ sleep in a feather bed with two blankets ober us in summer to keep consumption away, an’ we has diskivered seven or eight ears of green co’n at a meal am plenty ’null to keep de liver in good order. We am gettin’ along an’ five y’ars hence we will be able to take kcer of ourselves, an’ perhaps giv de white man some p’inters to boot.— [St. Louis Republic.

SAW MRS. CLEVELAND.

A Curiosity-Seeker’s Chase After the President's Wife. Women adopt all sorts of devices for getting a good look at Mrs. Cleveland. On fine days the mistress of the White House generally takes a ride in the family phaeton, accompanied by her babies and the nurses. In the afternoon, between 3 and 4, if the sun is shining, she goes out in the victoria, accompanied either by her husband or a friend. Women, young and old, have discovered this habit of Mrs, Cleveland’s, and are beginning to lie in wait for her to catch her as she comes out on the front portico to enter the carriage. There is no privacy for inmates of the White House, and so when Mrs. Cleveland goes riding she is obliged to walk through the public vestibule and across the publie portico. A day or two ago a bevy of school-girls joined the waiting group on the portico, and when Mrs. Cleveland came out she was obligeo to run the gauntlet. When she returned, an hour or two later, a funny thing happened. A well-dressed, good-looking, middleaged woman, evidently a stranger in the city, was passing the street gate when a carriage turned into the circular drive of the White House grounds. The quick-witted sightseer instantly surmised that the occupants were Mrs. Cleveland and her babies. She saw a chance to accomplish her long-felt desire of geijting a good look at the President’s wife, and she did not miss it. The race was a long one, and she knew she could not win it unless something happened to detain Mrs. Cleveland after she arrived under the porte cochere. Lifting her clothes in both hands she

started up the circular pathway along the drive at a breakneck speed. The passers-by and the spectators at the door applauded, and, perspiring and panting she reached the steps just in time, for Mrs. Cleveland had stopped to give an order to the coachman, and the energetic lady was enabled to plant herself where she could stare the President’s wife in the face for at least ten seconds, and could also see the babies as they were lifted from the carriage by the nurses and carried into the house. As Mrs. Cleveland disappeared in the vestibule, a gentleman standing by said, admiringly, to the female sprinter, “Well, you made it.” “Yes,” she said, mopping her face, “folks from my part of thfe country generally do.” But she forgot to say what part of the country she came from.—[Washington Star.

How Horse Power is Calculated.

Horse power measures the rate at which work is done. One horse power is reckoned as equivalent to raising 88,000 pounds one foot high per minute, or 550 pounds a second. In measuring the work of a horse the estimates of the most celebrated engineers differ widely from each other. Boulton and Watt, basing their calculations upon the work of London dray horses working eight hours a day, estimated it at 88,000 foot pounds per minute. D’Aubisson, taking the work done by ‘horses in whims at Freiburg, estimated the work at 16,440 foot pounds working eight hours a day. Under similar circumstances Desagulier’s estimate was 44,000, Smeaton’s 22,000 and Treadgold’s 27,500 foot pounds. Horse power is called nominal, indicated or actual. Nominal is used by manufacturers of steam engines to express the capacity of an engine, the element being confined to the dimensions of the steam cylinder and a conventional pressure of steam and speed of piston. Indicated shows the full capacity of the cylinder in operation involving elements of mean pressure upon the piston, its velocity and a just deduction for the friction of the engine’s operation. The original estimate of Watt is still counted a horse power. The general rule for calculating the horse power of a steam engine is to multiply together the pressure in pounds on a square inch of the piston, the area of the piston in inches, the length of the stroke in feet and the number of strokes per minute. The result divided by 88,000 will give the horse power.—[San Francisco Call.

The Dream Came True.

The following remarkable recent experience of a Portland lady is a fact: She had been absent from her home all day, and that night she had a dream. She thought she had started to descend the cellar stairs when a great snake came gliding up. It reared its head close to her and stood there swaying back and forth, and suddenly the head began to change and assume the form of a human head, and finally the face of one of her neighbors was grinning at her on the serpent’s body. She awoke with a scream. The neighbor was one whom she knew but slightly, but with whom she was not favorably impressed. The next morning her servant, a most excellent cook, and so generally superior as to have become almost a member of the family, told her that she must leave her, as the neighbor of the dream had come to the house during her absence the day before and offered higher wages and less work and better advantages generally. The result was the servant went to the neighbor’s, and the lady tells that her dream was appropriate. She had had no intimation or suspicion that this neighbor had designs upon her cook, and there was nothing, apparently, to inspire her dream. —[Portland, (Me.), Transcript.

Sinking Funds.

The sinking fund is a plan origi. nally devised by Sir Robert Walpole to wipe out the debt owed by Great Britain to the Bank of England. The first sinking fund act of 1716 provided for the setting aside each year of a certain portion of the revenue to pay off the principal of the debt. In 1786 William Pitt cansed the second sinking fund act to be passed by parliament. By this one million pounds a year were to be set aside at compound interest, and in a few years the amount was to be enough to discharge the national debt. This is like lifting one’s self by his boot straps, for taxation was to provide the interest on the principal, which in time was to abolish taxation. But the English sinking fund continued with modifications until 1875, when a “new sinking fund” was established, and a third was begun in 1883, by which a large portion of the British debt will be cancelled in a few years. In this country a sinking fund was established in 1862, by which a large part of the surplus over revenue has been applied to paying off our public debt. Ours is a real sinking fund; that of Great Britain, when the payment to it is made from surplus receipts, is also one.—[Trenton (N. J.) American.

Could You Buy Nails This Way?

An old farmer came to town last week and told a merchant he wanted some nails. The merchant told him he would sell him forty pounds of twenty-pennies to the dollar, thirtyfive pounds of twelve-pennies to the dollar and thirty pounds of ten-pen-nies to the dollar. The farmer told the merchant he would take a dollar’s worth of the three kinds, and wanted twice as many tens as twelves, and twice as many twelves as twenties. The merchant figured all over two sheets of paper and then failed to work the sum. He then said to the farmer: “If you will work the sum I will give you the old nails.” So the farmer took the pencil, solved the problem for the merchant, weighed up the nails, threw them on his back and went home laughing.— [Jackson (Ga.) Herald. Music teachers in Hamburg, Germany, are paid twenty-one cents an hour.

WILL SOMEBODY PLEASE BUILD A FIRE UNDER THIS DONKEY ?-N. Y. World.

ADDLED CENSUS STATISTICS.

Protected Manufacturers Who Will Not “Give Aw»y” Their Butlnes*. Not until we have no protected industries will we have any reliable statistics of our industries. Specially favored industries are not likely to “give themselves away” by producing statistics that would cause an agitation for the withdrawal of the special favors. If such industries produce any statistics at all they are about certain to misrepresent, if they do not actually pervert, facts. The Sugar Trust, which refines about 90 per cent, of our sugar, refused to give any statistics whatever, to the Census Department, concerning its largest refineries. The matter was placed In the hands of the Attorney General, but in spite of his efforts the Sugar Trust has persistently and successfully defied the census laws. One reason why it has done so is because it could not easily juggle its statistics so that they would not show that sugar is refined for less than onethird of a cent per pound instead of over one-half cent, as the refiners claim when they ask for the continuation of protective duties. Then, again the total labor cost of refining sugar is now less than one-tenth of a cent per pound, while the refiners are protected by duties of five-tenths and six-tenths cents per pound, ostensibly to cover the “difference of labor cost" of refining between this and foreign countries. Under such circumstances it is unsafe to attempt to jugg.e statistics, and the trust wisely acted upon the maxim that “silence is golden.” Strange to say, Labor Commissiofier Carroll D. Wright, now in charge of the census work, has sent out reports purporting to give the totals of manufactures, and the manufactures in 165 of our largest cities, in which he makes no specific mention of the refusal of this great industry to comply with census laws, and in which he says that the “comparatively few" omissions to produce statistics “affect the statistical value of the data but slightly.” The omission in this one industry probably exceeds $100,000,000. Even a tew such omissions would seriously affect the statistical value of manufacturing statistics. Take another protected industry—that of shirts, collars and cuffs. Troy, N. Y., is the principal center of this Industry. It claims to make over 90 per cent, of all linen collars and cuffs and about 20 per cent, of all linen shirts made in this country. It is this Troy industry that has caused Congressman Haines and Senator Murphy to forget which platform they stood upon when elected. The duty on shirts is 55 per cent, ad valorem; on collars and cuffs 30 cents per dozen pieces and 35 per cent, amounting to over 65 per cent The census of 1890 gives the total value of shirts, collars and cuffs manufactured in Troy as $6,217,785; the average number of employes, 8,713; total wages paid, $2,474,255. The average yearly wages, then, are $283; average weekly wages, $5.60. The wages paid equal 39 per cent, of the value of the product. These statistics, though official and sent to the census officials by the manufacturers themselves, were not at all satisfactory for purposes of retaining highly protective duties. Now, when these manufacturers were suddenly notified by Congressman Haines that they could have a hearing before the Ways and Means Committee, if they would go to Washington at once, what did they do? They had not time to manufacture new statistics; to use those of the census of 1890 was out of the question. Because, as one of the manufacturers’ Tariff Committee has since said, the census made the total value of the product “ridiculously low.” As a last resort they resurrected some statistics prepared for the Ways and Means Conimittee in 1888. These they presented as “from latest statistics obtainable, and which are substantially correct to-day." They said nothing about the age of the statistics, but attached statements which would lead the committee to believe that the statistics were from the census of 1890 or for a later year, instead of for 1887. These statistics showed “annual sales” of $9,902,685.49; wages paid, $4,289,299.45; whole numbers of employes, 15,749. This shows an average yearly wages of $272.35, or weekly wages of $5.44. The manufacturers stated that wages were 44$ per cent, of sales, though their statistics make the percentage but 435. The manufacturers stated that wages were 60 per cent, of cost. The total cost then of goods sold for $9,902,685 is $7,148,832, and the profit $2,753,853. The average profit on sales, therefore, was 384 per cent., and the profits on the capital employed ($5,000,000) were 55 per cent. If the manufacturers had analyzed their statistics in this manner, or had supposed that the “wicked Democrats” would do so, they would perhaps have preferred the census figures, which showed only a profit of about 20 per cent, on the capital invested and 13 per cent, on the sales. How now were these manufacturers’ statistics prepared, which have done duty in Congress since 1887 and in several of Peck's New York State labor reports? The manufacturers, being suspicious of each other, would not permit any committee of manufacturers to examine books or see statements. The banker tabulated the statements, and announced the lesult. No means were employed to criticise or correct misstatements; any manufacturer could hand in whatever figure he might please to the banker; the banker may have patriotically increased Troy’s linen indastry 50 percent, while it was passing through his hands.

This is the way in which statistics were prepared “specially for the Tariff committee of 1888.” as one of the manufacturers says. They liked the plan so well that they have, within a few weeks, prepared in this way, statistics for the Senate Finance Committee, which shows a total product of over $11,000,000. It should be observed that the manufacturers and their representatives in Congress have always claimed that the a\ erage weekly wages in Troy is about SB. Also that the census i ©ports but twelve shirt, collar and cuff establishments in Troy in 1890, while the manufacturers claim twenty-seven. It is quite certain that the census statistics are incomplete, if hot otherwise inaccurate. It is also quite certain that the statistics of the manufacturers are not now, and never were, accurate. Some of the manufacturers may make 55 per Cent, on the capital employed, but it is improbable that the average is so high. In fact, they are always ready to assert that the average profits are not above 6 or 7 per cent This rate, however, is undoubtedly too low. It does not account for the score or more of men who have grown wealthy in a few years from the manufacture of shirts, collars and cuffs in Troy. It is probable that the statistics of hundreds of other protected industries, if examined carefully, would show the same unsatisfactory results. The census reports are unreliable if not worthless, as regards manufactures, because of omitted or “juggled” statistics from the protected industries.—Byron W. Holt.

Tariff Literature to Great Demand. The tariff question is not dead. It will not be settled by the passage of the Wilson bilk This much can be stated positively because the people are just Beginning to get verv much interested In the tariff question and to read and reflect on the subject. The < emand for tariff speeches is said to be greater than ever before. Several millions of copies of speeches have already been distributed, an unusual proportion of them going to the manufacturing centers of the East. Tom Johnson’s speeches are, perhaps, in greatest demand. He has had an edition of 250,009 printed and may have to duplicate it. He is the steel rail manufacturer who exposed tne steel rail trust and showed the absurdity and injustice of leaving any duty on steel rails. The value of his speech, however, consists more in in his frank and honest declarations in favor of absolute free trade and of Democratic principles. Chairman Wilson’s speeches are in great demand, and 100,000 have already been sent out His speech, though not so radical as Johnson’s, presents an honest front, and deals with the various schedules of the bill in a very satisfactory manner. Burrows and Reed are each said to have sent out more than 100,000 of their speeches. Burke Cockran has sent out nearly 100,000. Other speeches in great demand are these of John De Witt Warner, Benton McMillin, Jerry Simpson, Uriel S. Hall, William I), Bynum, Michael D. Harter. W. J. Bryan, W. A McKeighan, and Henry G,.Turner. The more the farmers, mechanics, and factory hands read these speeches the more certain it is that the tariff question will never be settled as long as one tariff duty is left on top of another—for they do rest upon each other.

All Hon's Flip-Flop. “The tariff of 1846, although confessedly and professedly a tariff for revenue, was, so far as regards all the great interests of the country, as perfect a tariff as any that we have ever had. When we compare the growth of the country from 1840 to 1860 with the growth of the country from 1850 to 1860, the latter decade being entirely under the tariff of 1846, or the amenaed and greatly reduced tariff of 1857, we find that the increase in our wealth between 1850 and 1860 was equivalent to 126 per cent, while it was only 64 per cent, between 1840 and 1850, four years of which decade were under the tariff of 1842, known as a high protective tariff. Our industries were generally prosperous in 1860, with the exception possibly of the iron industry. This was the statement of Mr. Morrill, of Vermont, during the discussion of the tariff of 1864." The above paragraph is from a speech of Wm. B. Allison, delivered in 1870 while he was a Republican member of the House of Representatives from an lowa district This is the same Wm. B. Allison, now a Senator from lowa, who opened the debate for the Republicans in opposition to the Wilson tariff bill, in which he said that there was not an industry in the country that would not be injured by the bill, while many would be strangled to death. Mr. Allison in 1870, demonstrated that the bill of 1846 brought prosperity, as did Mr. Blaine in his book. The figures submitted have never been discredited, and they cannot be. The trouble about the Wilson bill is that it is not so radical a measure of revenue reform as the bill of 1846. If Mr. Allison opposed it for this reason he wotild be on strong ground. But he opposes it on the opposite ground, which is a radical departure from the sound views which he and Mr. Blaine once entertained and avowed. —New Age. Speedy Action Needed. If the Wilson bill is to be defeated it must be defeated by votes and not by talk, and if it can be defeated by votes that fact could be made apparent in

four weeks’ time just as well as in four months' time. If it cannot be defeated and must become a law, it is the oplnion of manufacturers, merchants and other business men In this part of the country that the sooner it is enacted and the present suspense is over, the better. Business can adjust itself to known conditions, even though these may seem to some merchants and manufacturers exceedingly onerous, while it is utterly impossible to accommodate business to conditions that are absolutely unknown. The former state may be hard to endure, but the latter is paralyzing, and as we have before remarked, those of our contemporaries whe have been urging the Republican minority in the Senate to adopt the policy of filibustering have shown in so doing an entire want of business sagacity. What they have urged may seem to be shrewd policy from a political point of view, but the lives of the great mass of our people are not bound up indissolubly in polities. They and their families are very much more concerned with the possibilities of having business carried on in an active and fairly prosperous manner.—Beaton Herald.

A Genuine Speech. General debate in the Senate on tho tariff bill reached a brilliant and worthy close Tuesday in the speech of that grand and undiscouraged tariff reformer, Roger Q. Mills, of Texas. It was the speech of a statesman, as contrasted with the utterances of petifogging politicians: it lifted the debate to the level of which a question of such vast import should be discussed; and it was a genuine speech, not an essay read from proofs or manuscript Not the least striking passage of a speech which was impressive throughout was that in which Senator Mills declared in ringing words that if forty-four members on his side of the chamber were of the same opinion as he, and the forty-fifth in the Vice President's chair, he would pass the tariff bill in less than forty-eight hours. In closing Mr. Mills said: Mr. President, there is a duty devolving uion this body. It cannot be excused. Wo must pass this bill and make it as good as we can, but pass it We must not only pass it but we must stop this business of continually talking about the bill The American people have made up their minds about this measure. We were not sent up here to discuss this for a whole year. We have been here nearly a year discussing this question of taxation since they sent us here to execute their will. They have tried and condemned the present system. They have told us to sweep it Into banishment They did not send us here to hear arguments for a new trial; they sent us here to execute their judgment and to drive the criminal out of the country, and restore prosperity and bring the people and the country back to the enjoyment of their natural right* That is our duty. It Is our duty to so order the parliamentary rules of this body that we cad close this debate and thus bring this matter to an Issue Ido not care wbat the traditions of this body are as to debate In the early history of the body there was no such thing as filibustering known. It began with the agitation of the slavery question, but now It is here In defiance of all laws and the minority boldly assume thatthey will prevent the majority from executing its will I will say that If the fortyfour members of this side of the chamber were of the same opinion that I am (and the forty-fifth Is in the Vice President's chair) I would pass this bill in less than forty-eight hour* We have been sent here to execute the judgment of the people, to restore to them the right to work and their right to enjoy the benefits cf their work, not to wait until they are starved to death, not to wait until the whole land is paralyzed, not to wait until thousands of them are In their graves, but now to pass the bill and put It on the statute books and let business and prosperity revive in the country. Sir, whenever we do that then conditions will be changed, the night will disappear, darkness and distress will leave the land and a new day will dawn upon it. prosperity will come to all our borders, happiness will be in all our bosoms.

The Parrot* Are Learning. The processes of education are slow but sure. Two months ago the World stated in its Washington dispatches that the income tax would secure more votes in the Senate than any other feature of the Tariff bill. It stated la explanation of this that any defection on the part of Democrats would be more than made up by Republicans who would vote for the income-tax feature while opposed to the bill as a whole. The parrots were too busy with their “monarchical” and “inquisitorial” chat, ter to give any heed to this, but knowledge has overtaken them ufnawares. Recently one of their organs announced with gusto, as “a new and important turn, the information which to the World’s readers is two months old. It discovered that the thirteen silver Republicans are almost sure to vote for the income-tax proposition, and that Senator Allison, of lowa, and Hale; of Maine, “may add their names to the income-tax column.” According to this estimate the opponents of the tax will be able to muster only 33 votes, while its friends will have 52 votes, a majority of 19. There is no likelihood that the majority for the tariff bill as a whole will be more than a fourth as large. Another fact which the parrots will learn later is that if the Senate should vote it down the income tax would remain in the bill as finally passed. After the Senate acts the House has its turn again, and no one knowing the temper of the House believes there is the least likelihood that it would accept a bill from which the income tax has been stricken in order to give the Sugar Trust and the Whisky Trust what they demand.—Naw York World.

NOTES AND COMMENTS

The Health Department of Brooklyn pays its public vaccinators $75 each a month. It has recently appointed two women to this position, the reason being that girls object to being vaccinated on the arm. The New Zealanders claim that the reason they do not feel the hard times like the rest of the world is because they have woman suffrage, the land tax and are too far removed from the old world to get the overflow of its paupers. In the opinion of the Hartford Journal the newspaper reader who does not daily rejoice that he lives in North America instead of Central or South America must be peculiarly constituted, unless he skips the news from our far southern neighbors. Lord Dunraven’b yacht, the Valkyrie, which was beaten last fall in the race for the America’s cup, and which has been in these waters ever since, has been ordered home. Her owner has despaired of success in America, and on her arrival will fit out the yacht to compete in the midsummer races for vessels of her class in English waters. A. R. Sutton, a Chicago engineer, is working on a plan to connect the great lakes with the Atlantic us a private enterprise. He proposes to deepen the Welland Canal and connect it with Lake Ontario by a cut to the Niagara near Thorold, Ontario; then deepen the St. Lawrence, cut a canal south to Lake Champlain, and from its southern point, Whitehall, dig a canal to the Hudson River at Troy or Albany. More than fifty army officers are now stationed at various State agricultural colleges, instructing students in military tactics. It often happens at the fresh water colleges that the military instructor is the only army officer ever seen in the village. The detail is not disagreeable, however, as it gives an officer a marked change from garrison life. Living is cheap, too, in the smaller college towns and the military instructor is a person of social consideration.

Postmaster General Bissell has issued an order providing that hereafter only short names or names of one word only shall be accepted as names for newly established post offices. Exceptions may be made by the department when the name is historical or has become local by long usage. Satisfactory reasons must be presented to the department for changes of post office names. The Postmaster General says that this rule will remove a source of annoyance to the department and of injury to the postal service. It was on board the United States war steamer Ranger, stationed in the port of Amapala, Honduras, that was signed the agreement which closed the recent civil war in that country, a war in which Nicaragua actively participated. In the commandant’s room of the Ranger met Belisario Vlllela on one side, with Dr. Francisco Vaca and General Manuel Bonilla on the other side. General Vlllela, who held the city of Amapala for President Velasquez, of Honduras, recently defeated and in flight, surrendered the city on honorable conditions, which saved besides the lives of the Honduranean surrendering soldiers. Cleveland is already putting forth her best efforts to make the Christian Endeavor Convention, to be held there in July, the most successful religious gathering ever held. Everything is being done on a large and liberal scale. Delegates are to be given a fine two-color map of the city, showing convention meeting places and all points of interest. Cleveland Is pre-eminently a city of homes. The hotels would not begin to accommodate the hosts that will attend, but the hospitable residents will throw open their doors. The latest statistics regarding this wonderful movement show that there are now more than 80,000 local societies, with a total membership of 1,886,000. The growth in foreign lands has been equally remarkable, England now having over 1,200 societies and Australia about the same number.

Among the women of New York city who are securing signatures to the petition to strike out the word “male" as a qualification for voters are Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell, Mrs. Joseph H. Choate, Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi, Mrs. J. Warren Goddard, Mrs. Robert Abee, Mrs. Henry M. Sanders and Miss Addie M. Fielde. In speaking of these women the Sun says: “So far as we know, none of them has taken part in the wdman’s rights agitation of the last forty years, and hitherto they have not been among those who were active in demanding the suffrage for women. The radical women’s rights agitators like Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony have not had them among their followers and have not enlisted their sympathies. They have represented feminine conservatism, and hence have kept aloof from the little band of women who have struggled for years and against so many discouragements to arouse in their sisters a desire for political privileges which would put them on an equality with men in the state.”

In the development of western Australia the gold fields seem destined to play an important part. Gold was discovered there by Dampier as far back as 1688, but it was not until about ten years ago that the precious metal was found in sufficient quantity to start the industry in real earnest. To-day it is known that the gold country extends over a great area from north to south. New districts are being opened up ; townships are being laid out, stores, hotels, churches and banks are providing for the varied wants of rapidly increasing populations, settled, in some instances, on the desert wastes of only two or three years ago, while the transcontinental railway from Fremantle to Adelaide is regarded-as having already been started by the line to the Zilgarn gold fields. Southern Cross, the “capital” of this particular district, and a place whose origin dates back only a few years, can now boast of being a regularly organized municipality, and its importance has been greatly increased

by the opening up of the rich field* at Coolgardie, 120 miles further east, where the specimens of gold sent to London by the western Australian government for exhibition purpose* were obtained. British agricultural returns for 1898 show the remarkable fact that during last year some 150,000 acre* of land in Great Britain were withdrawn from cultivation and turned into pasture. This is spoken of aa an ‘‘actual abandonment of cultivation” of this area. The main point deduced is that Great Britain is rapidly ceasing to be a wheat-producing country. Comparing the present wheat area with that of 1878 the decline is 1,800,000 acres. The return* also show that fruit farming and market gardening are largely increaaing. In 1898 there were 65,487 acre* in this kind of cultivation, as against 62,148 acres in 1892. Argument ha* been largely made of late that if English farmers would give their attention to truck farming and fruit raising they might retrieve their almost ruined fortunes. They cannot compete with America and India in wheat growing and they lose moremoney every year. At the same time immense quantities of fruit, vegetables, butter, cheese, eggs and even milk are imported from abroad. Butter and eggs come in ship loads even from as far as Australia. Last year butter, cheese and eggs alone, to tho value of £25,820,000, were imported into Great Britain. The economists are seeking to learn why this splendid income cannot be secured for British pockets.

Where Hustling Is Unknown-

besides the climate and scenery ot the Bermudas, so much in contrast with the countries of the North, there is an ease, quiet and content everywhere pronounced as to put tho busy American ill at ease until after a few days’ sojourn he, too, drop* gracefully Into the petvading conservatism of the place. No railroads, no trolleys, no factories to disfigure, obstruct, or endanger. None of tho hustle or bustle of toil of our progressive States. Bermudans do not know What it is to fret or hurry. There is time and plenty for everything. It is early to begin business at 9, and at dusk or night there is no need of shopping. “He that riseth latfi must trot all day” is all very well in our country, but in Bermuda, “He that riseth early gets nowhere.” Few hours of labor and long hours of rest is the motto that rules all, and the negroes are quite in their element. Here the ambitions of the busiest minds must subside and bewildering distraction must give.way to a restfoul sans souci. Nor is there here any of that abject poverty and misery which is so nakedly and painfully manifested among the poorest of our States. With a climate at all times pleasant, a soil capable of rendering three crops annually, and surrounding waters alive with a wondrous variety of fish, the very poorest have always a “sufficient for the day.” Whether it is these elements of natural advantage or the moral influence of the churches, found in every considerable settlement, that go so far to settle one’s nerves and makelife as a dayrdream here, it is difficult to determine, but certain it is that no Northerner can visit these islands without feeling that they indeed aro well worth seeing and well worth knowing.—[St. Louis Star-Sayings.

A Singular Statement.

Thoughtful and observant personedo not need a demonstration that the senses are less keen in woman than in man. Their own experience hasrevealed that natural law. But since we are not all thoughtful or observant, the experiments of Professors Nichols ana Brown are welcome. These American physiologists have begun to experiment with the sense of smell. They took four substances most strongly odoriferous—essence of clove, of garlic, of lemon, and prussic acid. Each of these they diluted with pure water in a growingproportion, filling a set of bottles at every degree of the scale, until the last set represented one part of the test substance to 2,000,000 parts of. water. They then shuffled the bottles so to speak, and called In fortyfour men and thirty-eight women, chosen from the various ranks of life;: all young and healthy. These representatives of either sex were instructed to re-arrange the bottles, guided, by the sense of smell, putting each set of tinctures by itself—garlic with, garlic, lemon with lemon, etc. To put results shortly, the women were not in it. None of them could trace prussic acid beyond the dilution of 20,000 parts to one, while most of the men traced it up to 100,000 parte. Three of the latter actually passed the extreme limit, identifying prussic acid at a single part in 2,000,000. Beyond 100,000 parts, all the women failed to recognize essence of lemon ;; all the men detected it at 250,000. This proportion represents their average superiority all around.— [Pall Mall Budget.

A Jealous Deer.

“Judge Catron, formerly of the Supreme Court of Illinois, had a fine deer park at his home,” said 8. C. Beckwith, of Ottawa, at the Southern. “In the park was a small drove of elk, one named Frank being especially friendly. He followed hia keeper as a dog would do, and manifested every sign of affection, rubbinghis nose agaiijst the man’s coat and obeying his every command. Frank was a great favorite, but to no one did he show so much love as for hiakeeper. “Another deer was brought into the compartment or yard where Frank was kept, and the keeper madea pet of it. Frank grew sullen, and in a few days could stand it no. longer. Charging upon the keeper, he knocked him down and would) have killed the man if help had note arrived in time to save him. Then, the elk turned upon the pet deer, of which he was jealous, and before ho could be overpowered had inflicted mortal injuries upon it. It was the clearest case of jealousy I in an. animal.”—[St. Louie GlobeDemocrat.