Democratic Sentinel, Volume 18, Number 10, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 23 March 1894 — Page 5

THE TAX ON INCOMES.

MANY REASONS ADVANCED IN ITS FAVOR. Fromlaent Men Expre** Themaelv** on TMi Important Sabjeet-rilnuj Objection* to Free Ore—Weak-kneed Demex*!* Protection Force* Inunlfratlon. Millionaire* Don’t Like It. Th© following are extract© from Uriel S. Hall’s article in the March Porum: The wealthy classes of the Eastern States, who are now opposing us in the enactment of this bill, are embarrassing the best friends of a peaceful government The principle that the wealth of this country should help to bear the burden of national taxation is too well settled by logic, by authority, and by experience, to justify extended argument now. Too often already have members of this Congress been warned that, whenever the richer class should be asked to share the burdens of government, they, prompted by avarice, would denounce the suggestion. It is their position, not that needs defense. In a recent speech in the House of Representatives, I said: “Were I called upon to frame a law that would keep down demagogy, that would take the last grain of justice from the conglomerate mass of Populistic heresies? it would be an incometax law.” I sincerely feel that every word I said was true. Under our tariff system its burdens are put upon consumption (the necessaries of life that the poor must have or perish), and a poor man with a wife and five children is forced to pay out of his ■mall income a larger sum for the support of the government than is the average man of great wealth and small family. All the greatest authorities on taxation say that the subjects of a nation should be taxed to support that nation according to their ability, not according to the section in which they live; recognizing that we should all be common bearers and common supporters of a common country, ignoring sectionalism. Senator John Sherman, in a speech delivered in the United States Senate March 15, 1882, uses the following language: “The public mind is not vet prepared to apply the key of a genuine revenue reform. A few years of further experience will convince the whole body of our people that a system of national taxes which rests the whole burden of taxes on consumption, and not one cent on property and income, is intrinsically unjust. While the expenses of the National Government are largely caused by the protection of property, it is but right to call property to contribute to its payment. It will not do to say that each person consumes in proportion to his means. That is not true. Every one must see that the consumption of the rich does not bear the same relation to the consumption of the poor as the income of the rich does to the of the poor. As wealth accumulates, this injustice in the fundamental basis of our system will be felt and forced upon the attention of Congress." Thorold Rogers says: “Taxation in proportion to benefits received is sufficiently near the truth for the practical operations of government.” Rousseau and the elder Mirabeau, J. B. Say and Garnier have approved of this system; while Sismondi. in laying down his canons of taxation, declares that “every tax should fall on revenue, not on capital,” and that “taxation should never touch what is necessary for the existence of the contributor." John Stuart Mill declares that “equality of taxation, as a maxim of politics, means equality of sacrifice.” If this income-tax bill is defeated, one will be passed in the near future that will be far wider reaching and involving far greater danger of injustice toward wealth.

Week-Kneed Democrat** The Reform Club of New York had a big tariff-reform meeting in Little Falls, N. Y., on Feb. 22. There was great opposition to the meeting. At 7:30 p. m. the opera-house had not been lighted, but few people had arrived, and the prospects for a successful meeting were not flattering. It was then that the leading Democrats, who had given but half-hearted support to the arrangements, began to decline the honor of acting as Chairman to introduce Mr. W. B. Estell, the speaker. Disgusted at the cowardice of the Democratic politicians, the Reform Club representative at last asked Mr. P. W. Castler, a manufacturer and farmer, but not a politician, if he would preside. He gladly consented to do so. Here is a part ot what he said: We all understand the object of this meeting. Not even the mostradlcal of our Republican friends claim that Democratic laws have caused any of the hard times through which we are passing. They only claim that it is the fear of what may happen should the Wilson bill become a law that has caused the stagnation In trade and the closing up of our millu In regard to what would be the consequence of the enactment of the Wilson bill, opinions differ, and we have with us to-night a gentleman who will explain most fully the Democratic position of this question, and show you by facts and figures that there can be no question but that the passage of proper tariff reform measures will not only restore our former prosperity, but greatly enhance It He will also show that the present depression Is due. not to Democratic measures or the fear of Democratic measures, but to the condition the country Was left In by the actual results of Republican laws and Republican mismanagement I know that there are many within these walls to-night who are sorry that they voted for Cleveland and a change in the national policy. But I want to tell them . that had the Republican party continued their extravagant rule and financial policy we would be suffering ten times as badly to-day as we are now. The condition of these weak-kneed Democrats is the same as was that ot many Republicans after the election ot Lincoln. They had voted for Lincoln and the abolition of slavery; but when they began to realize what a radical Change it would make in the secession ot the South and the utter prostration of the business interests of the country, they weakened and were sorry that they voted the right way, and many of the leaders In the Republican party, notably the leader of that party in this State, advocated abandoning the principles upon which Lincoln was elected and allowing slavery not only to continue •in the South, but to extend right through the States to California. I believe in the future when we look back to the time when we voted for tariff reform we will do so with as much satisfaction as those who voted for the abolition of slavery and fought and bled for that, cause. " 1 1 ' Flimsy Objections to Free Ore. There is no excuse whatever for the opposition to the free-listing of iron ore. The free admission of iron ore—exclusively for the relief of manufacturers on the northeastern seaboard who cannot bring ore from the shores of Lake Superior or the mines of Alabama—would injuriously affect no domestic producer of ore, but would stimulate the entire iron and steel industry. It is announced that Senator Morgan of Alabama “made a vigorous contest" in the caucus for a duty on Iron ore. And ypt we could quote here pages of effective arguments made in the Senate heretofore by this same Senator Morgan in favor of putting iron ore on the free list. He was right then, and he is wrong now. The free admission of ore would

not dcprts? the iron-ore industry in Alabama, where the cost of making iron is now lower than in any other part of the world, nor would it harm the iron-ore industry on the shores of Lake Superior, from which region ore of the first quality is now sold for t 2.75 per ton, delivered at Cleveland, Ohia Even this hitherto uiheard-of price will be reduced in the coming season, unless certain powerful capitalists shall succeed in controlling the output and price of ore from the marvelous deposits in the Mesaba district in the interest of the deep mines elsewhere. The obstructionists who oppose the free-listing of ore really have not a leg to stand on. Either they are obstructionists with a sinister or malicious purpose, or they are shamefully ignorant of the actual condition of the ironore industry.—New York Times. Protection Force* Immigratioa. Protection does not raise the standard of wages; the most that can be claimed for It is that it enables the manufacturer to pay the existing standard, and that if his protection was withdrawn his labor would engage in other pursuits in which they would receive better wages. It is an admitted fact that, with very few exceptions, the labor in the unprotected receives higher wages than in the protected avocations. I appeal to the wage-workers of the country to witness the fact that the accumulation of surplus labor in this country is constantly increasing and that the competition for work is growing more severe each year. The clamor for a strict enforcement of the laws of immigration as well as the demand for the enactment of more stringent ones attest the truth of this fact Nothing, in my judgment, has done so much to overstock our labor market as the enactment of prohibitory duties which exclude the people of other countries from obtaining our food products, and should we continue the same, nothing on earth can check the tide that is flowing in upon us. Our free lands all having been taken up, this immigration will drift into our cities to augment the ranks of the unemployed and increase the competition for work s well as the number to be supported by charity. I received, a few days ago a letter from a constituent in one of the protected industries protesting against the passage of this bill. It was gentlemanly in tone, and I think contained an honest expression of the writer’s opinions. He said, in substance: “I came to this country from England. I received only about the wages there as Ido here. About six years ago, in the factory in which I worked, twelve of our number were selected to meet the masters and request an increase of 10 per cent in wages. They told us they could not give it because the American tariff was in their way, but if we could get that removed they would increase our wages 20 per cent So I came to this country.” In this letter is an argument that is unanswerable. “The American tariff prohibited the products of my labor from coming to this country, so I came,” says this operative. And so others will come. Would not th© workingmen in this country be in a better condition with a moderate tariff and an increase of 10 or 20 per cent, in wages in England than they would be with a protective tariff and all the foreign labor in that country here by their side? It illustrates another point —that by excessive protection the wages in foreign countries, which consumes the surplus products of our farms, have been forced down, thereby reducing the demand for our agricultural supplier I asserted that protection had broken down our markets; have I not demonstrated the fact? It has done more; it has forced into this country an unnatural and in some degree an undesirable immigration, until the peace and good order of society in our great cities is imperiled. It has destroyed trade, deranged our finances, and paralyzed our business.—From Congressman Bynum’s speech in Congress.

For One Year. The Republican papers took occasion on the 4th of March to indulge in doleful reviews of the condition of the country consequent, as they allege, on one year of Democratic rule. The panic was the creation of the Democracy, according to their logic, but they fail to explain why it has Deen worldwide in its sweep. Democracy is a pretty big institution, but it hardly determines conditions in Great Britain France, Germany, Italy and creation generally. The Democratic party took power on March 4, 1893, pledged to three things, namely: 1. The repeal of the Sherman silver purchase law. 2 The repeal of the Federal election law. 3. The reform of the McKinley tariff. Within the year they have repealed the Sherman law, they have repealed the Federal election law, and have passed through the House, and have pending in the Senate, a comprehensive plan of tariff reform and revision. The chances are that it will be in operation on the date stipulated in the pending bill—that is, on the Ist of June. That is doing pretty well. The Democracy is willing ana proud to stand on its record. If the Republican papers are in a reminiscent mood they will find plenty of material for reflection in a comparison of the condition of the treasury and finance generally when Cleveland gave way to Harrison on the 4th of March, 1889, and the condition on the 4th of March, 1893, when Harrison gave way to Cleveland.— Pittsburg Post. The Income Tax. The Senate will bring itself much nearer to the people by a prompt majority for the income tax.—St Louis Post-Dispatch. The proposed assessment on incomes for raising revenue for the government would be a rich man's tax. The tariff is a poor man's tax.—Toledo News. The question has been raised as to how the imposition of an income tax will affect the conduct of impecunious foreigners seeking the hands and fortunes of American heiresses. This is a matter worthy of Congressional investigation.—Detroit Free Press. A fairly laid income tax is the most just tax that can be levied by the government. Who has a greater interest in the execution of laws for the protection of property than the rich man with a big income, and who is better able to pay for the protection he gets than such a man? —-Fort Collins Courier. The people are becoming very tired of seeing all the national revenues raised by taxes on consumption, so that an income of $1,000,000 a year pays its percentage only on what one man eats and drinks and wears, while a thousand incomes of SI,OOO each pay on all that a thousand families eat and drink and wear.—San Francisco Examiner. Shouldn’t Delay Its Passage. The Syracuse Courier (Dem.) states its belief that neither Senator Hill nor Senator Murphy will finally oppose the Wilson bill, but it adds: “An enemy of the Democratic party, its most bitter partisan opponent, could not select a time more opportune for doing it the greatest Injury, by delaying the passage of the Wiison till, than the present.” No pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage ground of truth. —Bacon. x

STYLE IN HEADGEAE.

AN ENTERTAINING CHAPTER ON SPRING HATS. But Few Absolutely Xew Notion*. Ait boo*b There Ar* a BewUderlng Lot of Dainty De*i<n* Black Flower* Being Deed— Straw Not In Cea Ha* Hat* In Her Head Sew York correspondence:

March is the ■ n month when every A /I woman that calls / I herself a woman [Mr I has hats on the ■ M "brain. After all, V a woman has a w right to let her hat k go to her head, and no matter jitS \ what sort of a head L \ it is she can find a 11dozen suitable jz* bats, each one of

them just the most becoming she ever had on. The variety in hats is so bewildering that one has to take refuge in a sort of classification of charms. Of absolutely new notions there are but few. The tiny lamp-mat affair, diamond or crescent shape, that fits close to the head, shaping to it almost as a skull cap, is one. These little things are hardly larger than the palm of one’s hand ana are mere bits of delicate silken or lace stuff. They tie under the chin by bows bigger than the little hat itself, and they are trimmed with much simplicity, frequently by a winged bow at the back, and in many cases the winged bow is about all there is to the hat. The characteristic of this sort is that it is worn well back over tho round of the head. Another novelty is larger and is shown in the first picture In this column. It is made of coarse horse-hair braid, with a rolling brim and has a two-inch crown, banded by a folded bias piece of ivory yel'.ow satin antique which is drawn through a steel buckle in front. At the left side are placed two ivory satin loops, and the top of the brim is wholly covered with finely pleated tulle lace, which is also arranged in an aigrette at the left side. A new notion of the spring trimming is hardly a pretty one. It Is the use of black flowers. Bunches of black violets, big black crysanthemums or black poppies and black snow balls all claim attention. There seems an effort at establishing a distinction about a knot of black flowers, as there has been for so long about a knot of purple violets, and the oddness of black violets does convey a suggestion of distinction but not of beauty. When they are more

SOMETHING NEW IN POKES

generally used it may be different. That is a standing rule of all boldly new styles. A sort of hat which will claim a good deal of attention later in the season is the Chinese-looking disc of straw. These threaten to be of enormous size, and to be trimmed only by a great spreading bow of moire sash ribbm in the very center on the top. The long ends of the bow pass through slits in the straw made close to the center on either side, serve for strings, and tie under the chin in another big bow. There is something oddly piquant about these hat*. The invariable color for their ribbons is the new pink apricot, a yellowish pink that is becommg. The hat is to be worn on the top of the head, and the strings must come from as near the J»p of the hat as possible. Of things Which are equally new, but a bit less pronounced, the second picture presents an attractive example. It is in black straw and of poke shape. The edge of the brim is trimmed with narrow white lace, and it is garnished in back with two large black ostrich tips, one of which falls over the hair. At the side is a spreading bow of white silk ribbon and the other side is decorated with a small bunch of pink rosebuds. The 1830 poke appears with many modifications and is now rather picturesque than grotesque, or it is that we have Wales feathers mount guard in unexpected corners of these hats, and the become accustomed to grotesqueness? Hats of this style are made very long on the sides, thus shortening the length of the bonnet strings, and in

ANOTHER SPRING MODEL.

some cases the hat frames in the face almost to the chin. Tall Prince of same tendency to apply the trimming in detachments is shown in these as in all hate. In the position of the big bow on the next hat shown, there is something reminiscent of past seasons, but the remaining features of shape and adornment are much less familiar. It is composed of fancy tan straw edged with straw lace of the same color, and is trimmed with very wide tan ribbon and small bunches of forget-me-nots. In the back is a huge upright bow of the ribbon with a large cluster of the flowers, and the front has three small loops and bunches of the flowers entwined among the ribbon. Altogether it is a pretty and tasteful spring design. For garden hats there are a madly bewildering lot of dainty leghorns, lace over wire frames and silk chiffon confections. These are trimmed with a regular riot of ribbon and flowers, the latter of all colors and kinds in a mutinous melee. Some of the very prettiest are adorned with great sprays of lilac, the heavy bunches weighting the brim

into graceful curves and the foliage spreading on all sides. The chiffon hats are wonders of shirring, and are many of them so big that they presuppose a coiffure of loose ringlets and waves standing far out at the sides of the head. Ribbon is used more than anything else for trimming, next come flowers, and then feathers. For early spring wear there are fewer straws than usual, the lack of coarse straw, the stand-by of past seasons, being particularly noticeable. Great picture hats of olaok moire silx with chimney pot crowns and widely curving brims are trimmed most severely with a single tall plume of green caught in place by a paste buckle set thick with turquoises and a flat fold of moire is bound about the crown. Contrasting colors applied in dabs, the contrasts being made of a lot of dull tones and one vivid are frequently most artistic. Of toques there is no end. The newest additions to the already long list contain many pretty ones, and a quaint one is selected for the fourth sketch. It is from black velvet spangled with gilt, showing a large butterfly bow in back. The center is white satin embroidered with gold, and the folded brim is ornamented with a large buckle of imitated jewels and a feathery aigrette. Coming down to still smaller headgear, there is newness in theater hate in the shape of a tiny Napoleon that is hardly more than a couple of profiles. The corners come well down by the ears and are finished by a pair of rose knots. This dainty hat is made

ONE OF MANY TOQUE SHAPES

all of white moire, comes off easily and shuts flat as a fan. They are sure to be popular, and they cannot be made at home. These are the days to make a woman wish she had at least two heads and many purses. This is, perhaps, the only distinctly new thing in theater hate. The pretty fashion of mounting a hat on a crown-like band that rests on the hair is followed again, and the band is now a bow of ribbon or a bunch of flowers against the hair. A variation of the three-cornered hat has the brim rolled, making three corners, and a brave cockade is placed against the crown at one corner. Even leghorns are bent in this fashion. The sailor hat is like the poor, in that it is always with us, and it promises to be so abundant for the spring and summer that a pretty model is taken as the subject of the last picture. It is of light-brown straw and has an oblong crown with the brim wider in front than at the back. The garniture consists of two loops and a loose knot of old rose velvet, together with two lace wings and two dark brown stiff plumes placed at the left side. The very low crpwn is encircled by a narrow fold of old rose velvet. Jets have been wrought in many fancies for the spring, while the split faceted beads mounted on fine wire and effects in strung beads have a place. A new idea in jet bonnets embraces a plain disc about two inches in diameter set on the top with radiating wires holding split beads. The brim is of disci- an inch in diameter

THE EVER BLOOMING SAILOR

with a hole in the center through which is run an arrangement in strung beads, or a band of satin or velvet ribbon which drops in strings at the back or at the ears. It is a reassuring diversion of interest to turn to the little bonnets of which there are a great many shown. They are more fascinating than ever before. A favorite model is a wedge shaped affair, with the thin edge serving for the top of the bonnet and the sides sloping for front and back. This much of the bonnet is frequently velvet in a bright shade, vivid red and emerald being usual. A full box-pleat of guipure flares in front, forming a projecting apology for a brim; at the □ack is set a winged bow of ribbon or of wired lace) and not infrequently the entire bonnet is covered with sequins or studded with crystals. The same model is carried out in a bijou-like miniature of very dressy wear. The rage for bows gets crazier, and they are made of everything bowable —grasses, stems, straw, plaited wire, gauze, and felt, and the only bow a woman has so far refrained from displaying in her bonnet is the man rendered helpless with admiration of the face that these days frequently looks out at him from between a big bow on the top of her bang, and one under her chin. A woman is always dangerous when she takes to setting her cap at a fellow; but this season, with such a variety ot caps to choose from, it is a wonder that men dare appear on the street. Copyright, 189*.

Constitutional Government

1815. The first Diet of the Germanic Confederation held at Frankfort. 1816. The second Bank of the United States chartered by Congress, with capital $35,000,000. 1820. A Constitutional Junta established in Portugal; memlers elected. 1821. Peru declared independent and a National Congress elected. 182 L The Missouri compromise adopted by Congress and Missouri admitted the same year. 1821. The Central American States of Guatemala, San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica separated from Spain and established representative forms of constitutional government. In 1823 they separated from the Mexican confederation and adopted their own constitutions, providing for representative bodies.

FOR THE YOUNG FOLKS.

HUSH-A-BY, LITTLE ONE, BLEEP. CY WARMAN. Nature is sinking to peaceful repose, Hush-a-by, little one, sleep; Sweetly the dewdrop’s asleep on the rose, Hush-a-by, little one, sleep. Heaven shield father wherever he be, Whether on land or the billowy sea, And bring him back to his baby and me— ■ Hush-a-by, little one, sleep. Lightly ripples play over the rill, Hush-a-by, little one, sleep; Singing the roses to sleep on the hill, Hush-a-by, little one, sleep. Softly the katydid sings in the vines, Up from the lowlands the murmuring winds Steal through the stillness to play with the pines— Hush-a-by, little one, sleep. —[Daughters of America. OUT OF THE COCOANUT-TREE. The cocoanut-tree furnishes the South Sea Islanders with almost everything they want. They eat the meat and drink the oil. From the shells they make all their bowls and dishes and drinking cups. Its leaves are used for thatching the roofs of the houses and for umbrellas to shelter them from the sun and rain. The wood of the tree makes very strong beams and logs for burning, and the milk of the cocoanut is given to young children to quench their thirst. The cocoanut-tree can not well be grown in latitudes as far north as this, but if it could be cultivated here it would be the most valuable tree of our gardens and commerce. The odor from a cocoanut grove is very delightful, and the cocoanuts when eaten from the shell with a teaspoon are the sweetest things you can imagine.—[New York Ledger. THE PEANUT. The peanut is the fruit of a plant common in warm countries. It is sometimes called the ground-pea and ground or earth nut. Still another name for it is pindal or pindar, and in western Africa It is called mandubl. The plant is a trailing vine with small yellow flowers. After the flowers fall, the flower stem grows longer, bends downward, and the pod on the end forces itself into the ground where it ripens. Peanuts are raised in immense quantities on the west coast of Africa, in South America, and in the Southern United States. The vines are dug with pronged hoes or forks, dried for a few days and then stacked for two weeks to cure. The pods are picked by hand from the vines, cleaned in a fanning mill, and sometimes bleached with sulphur, and packed in bags for market. Peanuts are sometimes eaten raw, but usually roasted or baked. In Africa and South America they form one of the chief articles of food. Large quantities of them are made into an oil much like olive oil, and which is used in the same way. It is also used in the manufacture of soap. A bushel of peanuts, when pressed cold, will make a gallon of oil. If heat is used, more oil is made, but it is not so good. In Spain, peanuts are ground and mixed with chocolate. Peanut vines make good food for cattle. The peanut gets its name from the shape of its pod, which is like that of the pea.—[Detroit Free Press.

LU’S BANANA. I was sauntering along Broad street, the other day, when I saw a pleasant little street scene worthy of being recorded. Two ragged newsboys were trying to sell the earlier editions of the afternoon papers, while a bootblack, with his box slung over his back, was keeping a keen lookout for possible customers. Meanwhile, the three boys kept up a running fire of street chaff, such as these Arabs delight in. Presently a man, carrying a large bunch of fine bananas on his shoulder, passed close by. The motion of his body loosened one of the biggest and ripest, and it fell to the sidewalk. The man kept on,'not noticing or caring for his loss. The banana lay on the pavement for about half a minute. Then the bootblack spied it, and, with a cry of delight, ran over and picked it up. The two newsboys saw him in the act, and in a moment were by his side, eyeing the prize greedily. I drew closer and watched the little comedy with interest. At first, I expected to see the boothlack eat the banana himself, and triumph over his less fortunate companions, and I was agreeably surprised to see him produce a pocket-knife and proceed to cut it into three pieces. “Very generous,” I said to myself. But then I noticed that one piece was considerably larger than either of the other two, and my admiration was somewhat dampened. The others also noticed it, and one of them said:— “Huh! Jerry’s got the best of this dealt” Jerry heard the remark, but he grinned good-naturedly, and when the others had cone away with their share, he uiralung his box, sat down on it, and looked slyly around him. I followed the direction of his eyes, and presently saw a little girl, who looked to be about eight years of age, with a little faded shawl drawn around her thin form, and a most distressed look in her pinched face. She had three or four boxes of matches in her hand, but appeared to lack courage to sell them. “Say, Lu,” said the bootblack, in a low voice. The girl approached slowly and timidly. “D’ye like bananas?” The girl nodded her head vigorously. “Then here’s something for yon.” “For me?” she asked, amazedly. “Yes; I saved it for you.” The girl took it in her hand eagerly, and then paused with a sudden thought. “Where’s yours?” she asked. “I don’t care for bananas,” said Jerry, springing up suddenly, “ ’Deed and double I don’t. And I’ve had an apple, and a pear, and a

peach, to-day. Black your boots, sir? Shine?” He was off like a shot, leaving Lu with the piece of banana.—[Our Dumb Animals.

COMPLETE REST.

Some Hints As To How It May Bo Attained. Few who pretend to rest give up entirely to the bed, a dead weight, letting the bed them instead of trying to hold themselves on the bed. Watch closely and you will usually see the muscles are tense, if not all over, so nearly that it is fatiguing; the spine seems to be a central point of tension. It touches the bed at each end, it is true, but only in ita entirety as far as the individual will permit. The knees are usually drawn up, the muscles of the legs tense, the hands and arms contracted, often clasped above the head, the fingers clinched, either holding the pillow or themselves; the head, instead of letting the pillow have its whole weight, holds itself on the pillow, the throat muscles often contracted, or the muscles of the face drawn one way or another. This may seem exaggerated when it is sleep that we are talking about, but it is indeed too true. How many poor sleepers are more fatigued when they get up than when they go to bed, and yet natural sleep is “nature’s sweet restorer,” and always brings perfect recuperation to fit one for the coming day’s duties. “If I could only stop myself from thinking,” is a complaint often heard, but no one can reason himself or herself out of the habit. Even the knowledge that nothing is gained by it, and that it is a drain- on the system, often adds to the difficulty and renders the habit more difficult to abandon. But you say, I must get control, reason must assert herself over every bodily function. Try it. You will find that the strain and nervous tension in trying but add to the difficulty. To use a homely phrase, “It is less difficult to jump out of your boots than out of yourself.” If you cannot stop thinking, do not try. Let the thoughts stream ahead if they will, only use enough will power to relax all the muscles, make yourself as heavy as possible in bed, and, while the attention of the mind is drawn to the letting-go process of the muscles, the Imps of thought find less to do In the brain, because the mind is absorbed in a betJ ter work, and soon the senseless thinking will stop. Five minutes of complete rest are worth more than an hour of common resting. There is no better way of learning to overcome perverseness in sleeping than to study with care the sleep of a healthy little child. Having gained the necessary freedom to give perfect repose, the dropping of all thought and care can be made an easy task. To take the regular process, first let go the muscles, which will enable one more easily to drop disturbing thoughts or refuse without resistance to admit the thoughts, and freedom from care for the time will follow. Take plenty of time for repose, and above all things, court a clear conscience before resting; the latter adds much to tranquil sleep.—[Worthington’s Magazine.

LAST OF ITS RACE.

Strange Story of a Pigeon That Tool Refuge on a Ship. In 1861 Captain Newbury, now ol Oakland, Cal., ran out of New York in the ship Mary Jane and anchored at Norfolk, Va., on April 10th. With the night came the news that Virginia had gone out of the Union, and the Captain hove anchor and prepared to run for it, fearing the confiscation of his ship. Just as the vessel was under way, when the first hint of the morning was streaking the black of the sky, a pigeon, spent with the wanderings ol the night, fluttered above the ship and alighted on a yard. It was secured without difficulty. From that time until a few daya ago, during a life of nearly thirtythree years, it never attempted another flight, and lived mateless, unclassified and lone. Captain Newbury made a pet of the bird, which had many of the markings of a long-distance pigeon, but which was unlike any other pigeon known in America. Though frequently exhibited and taking valuable prizes for its beauty and unusual intelligence, no one ventured to say to what family of the avifauna it belonged, and it seems to have been the last of its race. It scorned the nest provided for other pigeons, but made its home in a shoe lined with wool. Into this he was tucked and covered like a child in a crib. If threatened by a predatory cat or a wandering dog “Billy” would not take refuge in flight, but hopping to the door of a member of the captain’s family would peck on the door and coo plaintively for protection. At the approach of strangers he would give warning in the same manner. Through all its days it would not mate with any other dove or pigeon, bnt lived a life of bachelorhood, its extraordinary age of thirty-three years indicating that celibacy tends to longevity in birds as well as men. . In ordinary demeanor “Billy” was grave and reserved, but he unbent to the music of a waltz and tripped his measure in perfect time and with no inconsiderable grace. It was Captain Newbury’s intention to have exhibited the bird as part of Alameda county’s display at the Midwinter Fair, but this plan was stopped by death. The taxidermist who was Intrusted with “setting up” the ancient pet said the species was entirely new to him, and it is probable that “Billy” had been blown from some far shore before finding a haven on the Mary Jane. Having one sad experience of flight, he never attempted it again. Signed with Her Foot.—A curious marriage took place at Verviers, in Belgium, ten days ago, when Mlle. Elizabeth Kunneich, without arms, was married to her impresario, an Austrian. The woman signed the register with a steady foot, and the wedding ring was placed by the priest on her fourth toe.—(New York Tribune.

FOOD FOR VULTURES.

BURIAL CUSTOMS AMONG THE PARSEES. Ths Dead Fed to Birds of Prey-. Weird Temples of Silenoe--The White Stone of Parting and Good. By. Among all the strange burial customs the world over there is none more horribly interesting than that which Is followed even until to-day among the Parsees in India, says a writer in the Pall Mall Budget. There is a strangeness even about the very nariie—a Tower of Silence—the place where the Parsees put away their dead and leave them for the vultures to swoop down and feed upon. The Dokhma—to give the correct name to the round Parsee sepulchers that we, In our easy Anglo-Indian fashion, call Towers of Silence—is always on high ground. The sanitary reasons for this are very obvious. In Bombay there are three towers. They were built at different periods, and mark the increase in Bombay of Parsee affluence and of Parsee numbers. The oldest and smallest was built soon after the followers of Zoroaster had fled from Persia to India. These Parsee mortuaries were in every way different from what I had imagined them. But after having seen what they really are, my utmost philosophy revolts and sickens at the thought of the poor dead body, torn, as it is, by the claws and beaks of the huinan-flesh-fed vultures. But that the Parsee disposition of the dead is anything but healthy, I dispute. And the surroundings and situation of the Bombay Dokhmas are dignified and beautiful. Our guide took us into a little house, In which is kept a model of the Dokhma. From this you learn w’hat the inner construction of every Parsee Dokhma is; for into no Dokhma are you allowed to look. On the bottom of the tower is a thick flooring of lime. A few feet above Is the grating upon which the bodies are laid. This grating is divided into, three tiers; not above each other but inside each other. Each tier is divided into the same number of sections. These sections are formed by Iron rays that spring from the center of the tower to its outer circumference or wall. Hence the apartments of the inner tier are smaller than, those of the center tier—those of the center tier smaller than those of the outer. The outer tier is reserved for the bodies of men; the inner tier for the bodies of children, and on the center tier the swooping vultures find the bodies of the Parsee women.

Only the attendants of the Dokhma are allowed to enter it with the dead. They pass quickly up a narrow aisle that runs from the doorway and lay the dead upon the appointed place. They tear the sheets rapidly from the body, for the vultures are waiting, and they do not wait tamely.. Only one article is left upon the corpse—the kusti. The attendants hurry away and the vultures, with, horrid cries, rush down upon their prey. The vultures are kept and bred by the attendants of the Dokhmas for the purpose of cleaning the flesh from the bones of the Parsee dead. They are only a few hours, at the Longest, in executing their gruesome tusk. The Dokhma is roofless. When the’ rain falls it washes the dust of the crumbling bones down to the lime flooring. From there it gradually drains away and is absorbed again, into the economy of nature In a way absolutely harmless to the living. A few yards from the tower of Silence is a white stone. It Is kept clean and shines up from the green, grass. Nearer the Dokhma than thia stone no one may go save the dead, and the professional attendants. It is the Stone of Parting, the Stone of Good-by, of Everlasting Farewell. Beyond it the dead must go from those who have loved him, those he has loved—go alone into the place of death and Into the something after death which, in Parsee usage, seems to us worse than death itself.

Importing Earth.

“I once saw,” said a Boston tour*Ist, “an imported farm, the soil as well as the products being absolutely foreign to the surroundings. This was in one of the coldest parts of Manitoba, where I was entertained by a family which had retained its love for milder regions and crops. The bill of fare was necessarily meagre, but some of the vegetables were so bright and green that I could not help asking how they were preserved so well. To my surprise I learned that they werecultivated in a garden patch or a miniature farm, the soil of which had been brought from warmer regions so as to insure a fertility not found in. the region of ice. The vegetablesthemselves had been grown from imported seed, and owing to the careand protection they had had they were a perfect luxury. The expense of conveying the soil in barrels such a long distance would prevent any but comparatively wealthy people from trying the experiment, but my friends had made it a hobby. The only other case of earth importing that I have met with is that done by the Shah of Persia. The traditions of his country prevent his treading on foreign soil, and when he makes a trip in foreign nations his atten lants carry a supply of Persian soil, some of which is placed in his shoes, a practice which accounts for the great inconvenience .walking always appears to be to hismajesty when abroad.”—[St. Louie Globe-Democrat.

A Docked Horse.

“There is as pretty an animal of his class as can be found —if he was all there. I hope that there will come a time when the Legislature of the State of New York, and, for that matter, of every State in the Union, will pass a law making it a penal offence for any one to disfigure his horse in this most brutal way. It pleases, perhaps, about a couple of hundred of Anglomaniacs who drive in Central Park, and displeases the humane and patriotic sentiment of 60,000,000 of the American people.”—Pro. Gleason.