Democratic Sentinel, Volume 17, Number 48, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 15 December 1893 — Page 5

TO TAX THE INCOMES.

MR. SHEARMAN’S VERY ATTRACTIVE SYSTEM. He Would Tax All Income* from Bents and from Corporations Having Exclusive and Monopolistic Privileges—New Steel Trust—lnsincere McKinley. A Commendable System. The agitation for an income tax to splice out and supplement our tariff and internal revenue system has made great headway during the past two months. Such a tax would be very popular with the masses, upon whom the burdens of government rest most heavily ; and it is not so certain that it would be unpopular with the rich, who are now practically exempt from taxation for national purposes. In fact, many of them, recognizing the justice of such a system, have declared in its favor. The arguments against an income tax are extremely weak and childish—especially when considered in connection with the fact that without this tax duties must be put upon sugar and perhaps also upon tea and coffee. Not only is an income tax needed to prevent a deficit during the first two years of a new tariff but it is needed as a permanent supplement to our present system of indirect taxation—that is, of taxes on consumption. Rates of indirect taxation cannot be changed to meet requirements for revenue without seriously distubing business. Rates of income taxation can be changed, to preserve an equilibrium between revenue and expenditures, without affecting business interests. It is maintained for this purpose in several European countries—notably in Great Britain. The only objection to an income tax worthy of consideration, at the present time, is that it will be likely to fall mainly upon the honest and the helpless—those who will • not or cannot lie their way out from under it. It is mainly to escape from thiß objection that Mr. Thomas G. Shearman has written a series of articles, printed in the New York World, on a “Just and Collectable Income Tax.” After showing the necessity for a direct tax, and noting that no other direct tax is available (except perhaps one on succession), he proceeds to consider the kind of an income tax that should be adopted. He objects to a graduated income tax because it would open many unnecessary avenues to fraud, and because “it would be a complete failure as appiled to dividends and interest paid by corporations. " He objects to any system which depends for collection upon “private individual returns from the taxpayers.” Experience shows that it leads ’to a “carnival of fraud, perjury and blackmail.” He concludes that the only incomes which can be ascertained correctly are those “received under oircumstances which enable others than the income receiver to know precisely how much he receives.” He finds that “all incomes derived from dividends on the stock or interest on the bonds of corporations, or from the rent of land and houses, can be full; ascertained and fairly taxed.” Ha cites our own experience and that it Great Britain to show that a vast rs?enue could be obtained from th«e two sources of income. He, however, thinks it unnecessary to tax incomes from corporations unites suoh incomes partake of the nature of rent. This would “include all dividends and interest paid by rail read companies, telegraph companies, telephone oompanies, pipe line companies, mines, quarries, gas companies, eleVtric light companies, steam heatinj companies, and in short all corpora, tions having exclusive privileges ol any kind. In other words, we should' tax all the income which is derived from monopolies, whether natural or artificial. “It is not only fair and just that the government should tax every species of monopoly or exclusive franchise; it is a crying shame that such incomes are not now and always taxed. These are in fact the only kinds of property which ought to be taxed, because they are the only valuable things which men do not create by their own industry. The government creates and gives away these franchises. True, it is necessary that it should do so; but none the less it ought to collect just as much of its revenue as possible from this souroe before demanding any from people who have received no favor from the government and have earned every dollar of their income by their independent labor. The principle, in short, which I propose is that monopolies in every form, including exclusive franchises, patent rights and every other form of special privileges, no matter how widely extended, should be ' subjected to the income tax, and that this tax should not be assessed upon and collected from the people who pay to the beneficiaries of such monopolies the income derived therefrom.

Speedy Settlement Demanded. The woolen manufacturing interests of the country, and in fact all commercial interests, are demanding a thoughtful, conservative, but speedy and conclusive settlement of the tariff, that business may thus be afforded additional relief, and that the perplexity and uncertainty which still overshadows the country may, in a large measure at least, be dispelled. The constant agitation of this subject of tariff revision, the uncertainty owing to threatened changes, either for lower or higher duties, has hung like the sword of Damocles over our politicsridden business community until the over-indulgent people of this country are beginning to realize that the commercial welfare of the country should not be imperiled by making the tariff a matter of party politics with the incoming of each succeeding administration. The questions involved require investigation by fair and impartial minds; they are not matters of party politics, but broad, economic problems affecting people of every political creed and the welfare of the whole country. They should therefore be handled in a thoroughly dispassionate manner and 'by men of strong character. While it is probable that this bill as reported by the Ways and Means Committee will not become a law without modifications, it is sincerely hoped that when the measure is presented no dilatory or filibustering tactics will be employed to obstruct legislation, for if this can be evaded there appears no good reason why the bill should not pass both houses of Congress as early as February.—American Wool and Cotton Reporter. Warner’s Tariff UHL Probably no bill that has gone into the hands of the Ways and Means Committee will contain more excellent features than the one introduced by Congressman Warner of New York, and ordered to be printed by the committee. . The bill is brief, clear and easily understood; it is, with slight changes, the Reform Clubs proposed tariff bill wrought into shape for legislative action; it is in principle simi'ar to the Walker tariff of 1840, which silenced all opposition. It contains only

ad valorem duties; it is planned to produce revenue and not to grant special pavors to any industry; Its free ust is large, and embraces all raw materials, iucluding sugars of all kinds; it places duties of from 30 to 50 per cent, on luxuries; its 25 per cent, schedule includes woolens, glass, gloves, earthenware, nearly all manufactures of metals, manufactures of cotton, linen, and furs; it regards the consumer as more important than the manufacturer, though with free raw materials no industry worth saving will leave the country when protected from foreign competition by a duty of 25 per cent.; it would make work more plentiful and lower the cost of living; its good effects would be so marked that it would become popular with laborers and housewives; it would guarantee a Democratic administration for the rest of this century.

Insincere McKinley. Gov. McKinley gave new proof before the Home Market Club of Boston that he is one of the most disingenuous, not to say dishonest, public speakers in the country. He pleaded for stability in the tariff as a condition of certainty in business calculations, although the high protectionists have tinkered the tariff twenty times in thirty years. He argued that “free trade”—meaning a freer trade—“cannot increase our production at home,” and said that nobody advocates it with any such view. The truth is, and McKinley has heard it a thousand times, that tariff reduction is advocated lor precisely this reason. The best way to increase our production at home is to cheapen raw materials and extend our markets. The Governor bewailed, with his most sanctimonious air, the lack of confidence, when unmistakable signs of restored confidence are seen on every side. He had the assurance to deny that the people voted against McKinleyisin in 1890 and 1892, though this was everywhere the main issue in the canvass. Gov. McKinley has a very low opinion of the intelligence of the people. The New Steel Trust. The great steelmakers have formed a new trust. The breaking up of the dd one was followed by a natural fall ih the price of steel rails. For many months the old trust maintained the price at $29 a ton, notwithstanding the met that there was no demand for its Eroduct. In other words, the tariff laintained the price when it would laturally fall. As soon as the trust Went to pieces the price did fall to below $22. The new trust, so it is announced, has fixed the price at $24. This price could not be obtained if it were not for a tariff duty that is high enough to give the trust control of the market and the opportunity to tax consigners. Every one who is affected by thf cost of transportation is interested in the tax on rails. It is a burden hot only on the railroads, but on the farmers whose grains are carried to market by rail. Under the McKinley ta-iff the new trust is making at least JO per cent, profit.

Tax the Big Incomes. In justice to the masses the rich cannot be allowed to longer escape a reasonable proportion of Federal taxation. The income tax will come to stay.—St. Louis Republic. The income tax will be met, when it is announced next week, by a universal condemnation in the East; but it will not be reported to please the East.— —Philadelphia Press. The majority of Democratic members of the Ways and Means Committee are firm in support of such a proposition, and it probably will be incorporated in a separate bill.—Yonkers Statesman.

We presume there will be a great outcry against this tax, as the people who will be called on to pay it are of a class who have a great deal of influence in molding public opinion. But when it is fully understood we think it will be a popular tax with the great mass of the people.—Pittsburg Post. \ The income tax that was imposed by i Republican administration in war imes was a very different sort of thing rom what the Democrats propose. The war tax reached all classes. The >ne now proposed is calculated to reach inly those who are rich and who do lot now pay a fair, just and proportion<e amount of taxation. — freeman’s Journal. Death from a Sedlitz Powder. A sedlitz powder as the cause of diath is an almost unheard-of thing in nodical circles, yet Christine Kroys, a Gtrman domestic, of Brooklyn, perished by that means a few days ago. Sfc was found by her mistress lying unionscious on the floor, her lips covert! with blood. All efforts to resuscitate her proved vain, and she died wi<>in a few hours. On a table near by (ere found two glasses, in which the blrnand white papers of a sedlitz powder bad been dissolved. Apparently the grl had drunk first one glass and then the other. The two packages, when mixed together, effervesce and geneite carbonic gas. This was forma in the girl’s stomach and chokd her. While endeavoring to gain ler breath, she burst an arterv whiclicaused her death.

The tragedy of Life in New York.

Coiti anything be more pathetic than tie story of 11-year-old Sanford Parke rushing out of the miserable Brooltyn tenement house the other day tqearn a few pennies wherewith to buj food for his starving mother, rendeed helpless by dropsy? Poor boy! Ie could earn no pennies, and in dcsper.tion stole the brass handle of a trolley motor, hoping to sell it to a Sikmai, and thus procure money to y fool. But he was nabbed by a polfceman and locked up in a station house. Meanwhile the poor mother died of starvation. Is there any worse distituti»n than this in the most wetchedof London’s slums?

A Curiosity of Nature.

There is a very curious plant to be fiind growing in the vicinity of Orov le, Cal The fruit is yellow and a 1 tie larger than an egg, and appears 1) e an eiapty bag rather than a solid, tough iticontains a watery substance wUch evaporates or dries up when the frit is fyuy ripe, leaving a sort of gas inLie the Iruit which is lighter than air\ The inflated, bag-like fruit flips bac; and forth in the wind until it linallytreaks loose from its slender stem, sailJup into the air, rising 100 or more feetftnd finally disappearing over the hi!!.

Bad Season for Peanuts.

Til merchants of Norfolk say that this bason has been the slowest for the ]anut market that they have had for iars. Thousands of bushels of s toe lire stored, with no demand, and it is *ly a few weeks before the new crop ill be ready for the market. Tacoming marriage of the Grand Duke Nicholas, heir apparent to the Czar’j throne, and Princess Victoria, seconi daughter of the Prince of Wale will make a triple matrimonial conndion between the royal families of Ruia and Great Britain. It 1 admitted that the sausage Inspect' is a links-eyed official.

THE JOKERS’ BUDGET.

JESTS AND YARNS BY FUNNY MEN OF THE PRESS. The Saunterer—Proportioned to the Strlngency-«-Fonn a Syndicate — How Those Girls Dove One Another, Etc, THE SAUNTERER. Oh, tell me, brave aeronaut— And tell me true, I pray— Why do you risk your precious life In such a reckless way ? • The hero sadly smiled and said: “ A man, by harsh fate whirled, Will risk his all, if only he Can get up in the world.” —[Boston Budget. FROPORTIONED TO THE STRINGENCY. Isabel—Clarence, did papa look glad when you asked him if you might have me? Clarence—Glad l His smile went three times around his head and hung down his backl—[Detroit News-Tribune. FORM A SYNDICATE. Sarah—Yes, papa has looked up his record and finds that the wretch is engaged to three of us at this very minute. Agnes—(another victim) —Oh, isn’t it splendid 1 We can all employ the same lawyer and save quite a little.—[Detroit News-Tribune. HOW THOSE GIRLS LOVE ONE ANOTHER. Penelope Pert—What makes you think he is in love with me? Constance Clover—He asks you to sing. A SAVAGE CUT. Tufft Hunter (of London, England)— Is it—aw—twue that youh Amewican Indians—aw— cawn’t raise mustaches, dontcher know? Tony Adams (of Nebraska) —I don’t think they can. But what’s the matter with some of the fine heads of hair they raise? TOO EARLY. “Been fishing?” $ *Y es. “Catch anything?” “Yes.” “What?” “I don’t know yet. I’ll have to ask the doctor.” UNDER SURVEILLANCE. “I See Mrs. Skinflint has had her late husband’s miniature painted and wears it under her chin.” “So? When he was alive she always kept him under her thumb.” ON THE BAFE SIDE. Clergyman (to bride)—Do you promise to love, honor and obey? Terry Hote (to groom)—Hold, on there; that hain’t legal. Clergyman—What's the matter? Terry Hote—We don’t want any subornation of perjury; just make that “love, honor—an’—an’ have her own way.”—Puok. A “coupe double.” Maisie—Mrs. Homeleigh, have you got another face? Mrs. Homeleigh—No, my dear. What makes you ask? Maisie—Well, I heard mother say you were two-faced; but I thought if yon hod another faoe you wouldn’t wear the one you do. IT HAD A PULL. Groaning Customer—l wish I was like that razor I” Barber—Why sir? Groaning Customer—l'm just going into politics.—[Chicago Record.

FORCE OF HABIT. “Will you give me this little hand?” he pleaded lovingly. “ Reginald, this hand is already pledged,” she replied. “I will redeem it,” he answered absently, "if you will let me have the pawn ticket.” DISAPPOINTED. “I am very mueh disappointed in Reginald,” said Mr. Cumrox. “I suppose so,” replied the fond mother. * ‘That seems to be a daily story with you." “Maybe ’tis. But this came of taking him at his own word. When he got home from school he said that he was a good boxer. So I put him to work in the ware rooms, an’ I’m doggoned es he could drive a uail straight.”—Washington Star. A NEIGHBORLY TURN. He (at the husking bee) —I haven't found a red ear yet. She—You make me blush up to my ears. Ain’t they a little red? A CARELESS YOUTH. “Cholly’s in disgrace at the club again!” said Willie Wibbles. “Deah! Deah! You don’t say so. He’s always in twouble, isn’t he? It was only lawst week that he came out without his twousahs wolled up.” “Its worse this time.” “How?” “This mohning he forgot to bwush and comb his chwysanthemum.”—[Washington Star. THE LAST RESORT. The Wife—Can you give me any money? The Husband—l haven’t a cent. The Wife—There isn’t any food in the house! What are we going to do? The Husband—l don’t know. I’m afraid jve shall have to rail back on your leg of mutton sleeves. [New York Press. WELL NAMED. “So,” said Jaxon, “our Chicago friend Blower, has a new boy at his house?” “Yes, and he has named him Hamlet” “That’s a queer name. Blower isn’t at all literary or dramatic, is he?” “No, but he's a pork-packer.”—[De-troit Free Press.

JUST THE MAN HE WANTED. A man with a thin coat and a very red nose loitered about on lower Main street last night and struck every passer-by for a few cents with which to get a night's lodging. A tall young fellow came bustling dorn the street. The led-nosed man stofd directly in his path and began: “Mj friend, I’m a moulder by trade and I got sick last summer and I’m hungry and I want to get a few cents to get something to eat and a night’s lodging. I’ve got seven cents—” “Ah!” said the tall young fellow, grasping his outstretched hand and shaking it cordially, “you’re just the man I want to see. Give me a nickel, will you?" . And the red-nosed man was so surprised that he almost did it. —[Buffalo Express.

ARTISTICALLY HANDLED. “Did you hear about young D’Art, the china painter?” “No; what is it?" “He has been served like his own ohina.” “How is that?” “His wife’s fathar fired him.” THE US* OF THE PRONOUN. “I really believe that ./e are descended from the ape,” said Doodey. “I believe you are, too, Doodey,” said Cynious; and Doodey wasn’t at all pleased.”—[Harper’s Bazar. AMBIGUOUS. Uncle (reprovingly)—Now, Charlie, what do you keep a horse for? Charlie Fastdrive—Well, Nunky, I firesume I keep him to let him go.— Godey’s Magazine. TWO DEFINITIONS. Bobby—Pop, what is reason? Fond Parent—Reason, my boy, is that which enables a man to determine what is right. Bobby—And what is instinct? Fond" Parent —Instinct is that which tells a woman she is right whether she is or not.—[Brooklyn Life. AN APT ILLUSTRATION. “Tommy,” said the teacher, “do you know what the word ‘foresight’ means?” “Yes’m.” “Can you give me an illustration?” “Yes’m.” “You may do so." “Last night my mamma told the doctor he might as well call around and see me Thanksgiving night."—[Washington Star. MERELY A REHEARSAL. “You are charged with mutual assault,” said the judge, "and from the appearance of your faces you seem to have been very muoh in earnest. What have you to say for yourselves?” “We were merely rehearsing for a foot ball match, your Honor,” answered the two young men. “Oh, if that is the case I will let you go. Let them be discharged, Mr. Clerk.” —[New York Press. DIFFERENT. He—l have your mother’s consent, and now— She—lt can never be, sir. I highly respect you, and will be a sister to you, but— He—Hold on; you will be a daughter to me. I’m going to marrv your mother. —[Truth.

SAVED FROM THE TIGER.

A Trainer Attacked While Feeding the Animals. In one of the cages in tho circus parade at Walton, Mich., were a lion and a tiger. The beasts, especially the tiger, were fine specimens of their kind. In the same cage was the trainer, sitting in apparent unconcern. After the performance was over in the afternoon, in advertising the concert, which immediately followed, it was announced that Professor Reed, the lion tamer, would at the close go into the den in which he rode with the lion and the tiger in the morning and would feed them fresh meat from his own hands, to show the perfect subjection of the beasts. It was done as advertised. The beasts, however, were not in good humor and snarled, showing tholr teeth and lashing their tales as meat was handed to them.

When the trainer, in carrying out his programme, took a piece of meat in his mouth and held it out for the tiger, the great cat sprang forward partly against the trainer, knocking him backward and getting only a portion of the meat. Quick as thought it made a second spring, this time npt for beef but for human blood. It struck tho trainer on the right arm and breast with one of its £reat olaws, tearing through his olothing and flesh, inflicting seven deep gashes in the fleshy part of his arm. The other claw struck his hip, tearing off the clothing, while its terrible jaws closed over the trainer’s arm just below the elbow. The man never moved a muscle nor for a moment took his eyes from those of the tiger, whose savage nature was beginning to assert itself; its tail lashed its great striped sides and Its eyeq, flashed fire. The nerve of the trainer saved his life. He called to the attendants near, “Bring the scrapers,” all the time keeping his eye fixed on that of the beast and talking in a low tone to it. It seemed an age, but it was only a few seconds, before two attendents, half dead with fear, thrust the iron rods through the cage against the sides of tho tiger. The beast, which the trainer, pinioned as he was, still had partly under control, loosened his hold and crouched back in his cage, while the man backed slowly from the cage. As the door shut the tiger gave an angry growl, jumped forward, but the bars had closed. The lion showed great excitement and roared furiously. The trainer’s life was saved. A great sigh of relief went up from the excited crowd, women fainted and men struggled to get from the tent. The trainer was conducted to Dr. Morrow, who dressed his wounds. He was very weak and faint from pain and the terrible strain of the ordeal through which he had passed, but bore the operation without flinching. His arm was badly lacerated from the shoulder to the wrist. Three deep cuts were made by the tiger’s claws in the fleshy part of the arm, and seven gashes, made by the beast’s teeth, just below, penetrated deep into his arm, large enough to insert a man’s thumb. After his wounds were dressed he went to the hotel.—[New York Telegram.

The Age of Civilization.

The recent discovery in old Phoenicia of clay tablets, inscribed with writing, and evidently used for purposes of correspondence by the people who liv«d at the time of the exodus and before, makes it evident that civilization was at a much higher state in Syria and the adjacent countries in those days than modern scholars have been wont to suppose. Voltaire was no doubt a writer of great originality and acumen, though from our present standpoint, wonderfully ignorant of antiquity. He finds it hard to believe that Homer’s poems could have been written down before 500 B. C., and asserts that papyrus had hot been invented in Egypt tn the time of Moses, though we now possess in the maxims of Ptahhotep a manuscript as old as the pyramids. We find, on the contrary, that not only in Egypt or in Mesopotamia was the art of writing known in the time of Moses, but that the inhabitants of Palestine also could pen a brick epistle, which in the space of a few inches contained as much informatiun as can now be condensed into a sheet of note paper. Such letters were neither heavy nor bulky, and could be carried in* the turban or in the folds of the shirt bosom just as easily as paper letters are now so carried, with the additional advantage that they were imperishable, as is witnessed by the fact that they are now being read 3400 years after they were written.—[New Orleans Picavune.

WRAPS FOR WOMEN.

MANY NEW AND HANDSOME STYLES. Coata and Jackets Are Superseding Capes —Richly Made Street Dresses Heavily Finished with Fur—Delicate Shades Are Much In Demand. Gotham Fashion Gossip. New York correspondence:

made fit dresses already anp ea r heavily finished B with fur. Brown “cloth is deeply TH vandyked with seal about the IjDf skirt and waist and across the rVI breast. Astra&Jf khan is also much .]r used chiefly the V black. A very 5 stunning notion SV for a street gown is a blue rough Kb cloth overshot with fleecy black, and finished

about the skirt with a two-inch edge of astrakhan andjaroundjthe bodice with a two-inch frill of the fur. An astrakhan butterfly collar completes a charming rig. Coats and jackets are superseding the pretty capes, but on the warmer days the young woman who wishes to appear indifferent to cold may wear such a oostume as that in the second picture in this column, wherein the jacket is short and open. It is warmly lined, however, the fronts ornamented with large and handsome buttons and its revers extend into a fairly broad turn-down collar. Beneath the jacket there is a blouse made of old rose and white striped silk, with a full and very pretty jabot of ecru laco at the neck. The pointed corselet belt is heavily whaleboned, hooks in front and has a small pleated skirt attached to it that is finished with maohine stitching. The material is a warm and heavy beige-colored cloth. While capes are getting the go-by as the cold weather strengthens, yet if you have a cape and will cover it all

WARMER THAN IT LOOKS.

over with braid and line it handsomely with rich silk, you may wear it on the street, but you must look at the coated woman with an air so scornful that she won’t dare look the same way at you. In other words, if you must wear a cape, the only comfort you can find will be to make other women discontented with their better fortune. Coats are made in heavy smooth cloths; they fit trimly over the bust and about the waist and out on to the hips, and from there they flare into big fluted skirts. If one skirt and all its flute does not satisfy the frantic tailor, he goes into a regular whirligig frenzy of double skirts, sometimes as many as four, each a little shorter than the last, and each flntier. What is even worse, on each skirt he puts a little ruffle, and the result makes one curious to know whether the wearer has any feet or if she is really a pen-wiper. The first picture shows a pretty jacket, but one open to the penwiper parallel owing to its wee triple cape. It is in Louis XVI. style, though, so it is all right. It is cut from a faded blue cloth and opens over a vest of wool seal which the muff and cuffs match. The whole garment Is machine-stitched at the edges, and the ample sleeves are called Rachel sleeves. Another stylish winter jacket is seen at the right in tho third illustration. It is made of darkbrown camel’s hair, and the back and sides are gored so that its skirts shall flare. Two serpentine ruffles, the upper of cloth the lower of velvet, trim the standing collar. The sleeves have half-moon shaped epaulettes, and the armholes are encircled by a band made of two cloth strips with one of velvet between. All edges and seams, as well as the pockets and sleeves, are trimmed

BEFURRED AND BRAIDED.

with brown and gold soutache braid. The lining of the whole is brown satin, plain or quilted. Beside the garment just described there is shown a coat in black plush shot with yellow. Its upper part is covered with a square collar, which is embroidered with jet and -edged with blue fox, the latter coming around the standing collar. The fronts of the coat are wide, are sewed to a plain yoke, and then arranged in two pleats. The back has no yoke, but is gored, for the fashionable flare must not be omitted. It buttons invisibly in front, and is lined with yellow satin merveilleux. The muH is made of plush and edged with bands of blue fox. The picturesque hat worn is bordered with the same fur, and has for other adornment a bunch of ostrich plumes, a fancy buckle, and a jet aigrette. As for coat and jacket colors, all delicate shades are much in demand and they come in exquisite finish. All shades of brown are seen, from coffee color through the Havanas, chestnuts and chocolates. Almost all coats, except the frantic ones mentioned, are finished with rows of braiding. Sometimes a girdle is simulated, often the bodice Dart from the bust line down

over the hips is braided closely. Other coats are braided all over. Coats have shoulder capes and it depends entirely upon the courage of the maker and the muscle of the woman who buys how many capes there shall be. Sleeves are leg-of-mutton, very big at the top, tapering slowly past a full elbow and tight at the wrist. The ombre effect so much sought after indoors is carried out in coats and capes by braiding a solid dark cloth with row on row of shades of braid. Red from deep to light, and into green from dark to light is a favorite combination, or, perhaps it would be better to say complication. Whole costumes are gotten up in this way, the skirt having a border of the variegatod braiding and the coat being braided all over. Among the long coats curious ulster affairs come which once on look like a tailor-made dress with a close fitting bodice that has a cute little frill to it. The skirt is full and has a big panel in front, braiding, buttons and button-

DEFYING COLD AND SHORT PURSKS.

holes going up each side of it. Collar and sleeves, too, are finished with braiding. As a matter of fact, the skirt unbuttons on one side, the crossover bodioe does the same thing, and out of the garment the wearer steps. In case of a short trip, where you want to wear a light afternoon or evening dress, such a coat is of use, but it gives any timid person a shock to see a woman taking off her dress and not caring a bit, and that is what it looks like when Miladi divests herself of this combination. A handsome and rich full-length coat is soen in the next sketoh. The fabric used for it is black velvet, and it buttons invisibly. Both edges of the front are garnished with a rich jet galoon, and a similar but wider trimming comes around tho lot tom and trims the circular collarette, which is open in baok and is lined with rose-colored faille. The baok of the bodioe part is trimmed with narrow jet passementerie that ends in fancy ornaments. The balloon sleeves have cuffs of embroidery, and tho high Mediol collar is also embroidered with jot. The coat is lined with rose-pink faille, and tho let embroidery may be done on black faille, as none but the most experienced hands can do it on the velvet direct. There is presented in the same pioture a jacket equally elaborate in cut and adornment. It is In beigecolored cloth, hooks in front and is lined with white faille. It is vary heavily embroidered with a spreading design in jet and steel beads down the front, around the bottom and as far as the conter of tho bodice part behind. The embroidery is especially ornate around the neck and rather deep around the bottom. The sleeves are garnished with four serpontine ruffles, lined with silk and also embroidered.

TWO OTHER OUTDOOR MODELS.

The wristß and standing collar are trimmed with black marabouts. Rich and showy ornamentation, is used, too, on the spreading revers of the jacket of the last illustration. The complex pattern there shown is done in myrtle braid freely sprinkled with gold. The garment Itself is wide at shoulders and hem, is myrtle green in color, and is worn over a dress of the same shade having a very wide skirt. With it comes a collar and plastron of skunk fur. A gown of red brown cloth with a novel trimming of brown serpentine braid is shown in the picture. It is made with a plain boaice having a pretty bolero jacket with revers. .

Just now, gowns very much like spring dresses are much seen. Indeed, it is a wise woman who gets a dressy light gown made up in a dainty fashion, not too pronounced and looks sweet and fresh on the street, for she can lay away the gown after a few weeks' wear to take it out next spring when it will again seem brand new. Such a dress is made with a wide skirt, the width of the goods being for the length of the skirt and the seamE lapping deeply. The bodice is a queer little affair, a sort of Eton jacket with a triple collarette added which fastens at the shoulder. The jacket seems to ■ open on a seamless vest of the cloth. The sleeves are very big at the top and taper slowly to the wrist, and the flaps of the collarette hang well over the shoulders. Cloth gowns in overshot goods with points here and there of velvet to match the bright shade, are worn with butterfly coats. The latter garment is a sort of sublimated cape. It is, indeed, hardly more than a collarette with sleeves attached, and is queer enough to look at in the hand, though it is stylish as can be when on. These are made of velvet and pointed with fur. They consist of little capelets over an abbreviated bolero, said jacket not being open like a self-respecting bolero, but buttoned. The sleeves are the usual big ones. If you took a long coat that was especially well supplied with collar and frills, and cut it off just urn der the arms low enough to take in the armholes and sleeves, you would have a butterfly coat. And that way of getting it would cost less than to buy it outright, for it is down in fashion's price-list that three-fifths of a garment costs more than the whole of it. when it is newly fashionable to wear only the former fraction. Copyright, 1893. Ths largest apes have only sixteen -ounces of brain; the lowest men have thirty-nine.

FEATS OF SWORDMANSHIP.

Steel Plates and Pokers Severed with • Single Blow. Feats of swordmanship, such as cutting through triangular burs of lead or oarcases of sheep, are performed with special weapons; agd on this subject and that of sword blows generally, Mr. Henderson, the well-known professor of swordmanship, and for many years connected with Angelo’s School of Arms, has some interesting facts to relate. Though no longer quite so young as be was, he is still active and hearty, and must have been in his prime a very powerful man, weighing 190 pounds. He has in his time, at one stroke, cut through two sheep, one caroase inside the other, and in a similar manner through two and three-quarter inches of solid lead. A specially made cuirass, much thought of at the time by the Duke of Cambridge, when tested by the redoubtable Henderson, was cut clean through. Steel plates—six to the inch—and ordinary pokers have been severed at one blow by the same strong arm. These exploits were all accomplished with a sword made for him by the old firm of Wilkinson. It is called “Excalibur,” and weighs but four pounds. It is perfectly plain, slightly curved, has a hilt something; like a naval cutlass, and is tempered to perfection. Mr. Hendersou was present at the battle of Chilnia-, wallah in 1819, and can testify to some remarkable instances of the power of a keon sword.

Toward the termination of the fight, as the British troops were slowly retiriring, a Sikh challenged by his gestures and defiant attitude an Irish soldier to leave the ranks and engage in single combat. One thrust from his bayonet went right through the Sikh, who, though mortally wounded, instantaneously with his razor-edged tulwar cleft his opponent’s head in two, as far down as the base of the neck, both falling dead at the same instant. After this engagement a Sikh* was found sitting on the ground apparently unhurt, yet holding his hands up to his head, and when the surgeon bade him lower his arras, he fell dead on the spot, with half his skull gone, the entire upper part having been cut clean through. Elephants are completely disabled by one blow from the Arabe two-handed sword, whioh almost severs the huge hind leg, biting deep into the bone. This feat is varied by slashing off the trunk, leaving it dangling only by a piece of skin. A Goorka has been soen by the late Laurence Oliphant to behead a buffalo with his cockrie. And Sir Samuel Baker, a man powerful enough to wield, during his African exploration, the Baby, an elephant rifle weighing twentytwo pounds, once clove a wild boar with his big hunting knife, almost in halves, aa it waa making his final rush, cstohing it just behind the shoulder, where the hide and bristles are at least a span thick. Sir Walter Scott relates how the Earl of Angus, with hia huge sweeping brand challenged an opponent to fight, and at a blow chopped asunder his thigh 'hone, killing him on the spot. There ia a story ourrent in Australia that a Lieut. Anderson, in 1862, during an encounter with bushrangers, cut clean through the gun-barrel of his adversary with hia sword. And at Kassasiin it is related that one of Arabi Pasha’s soldiers was severed in two during the midnight oharge. But in the opinion of experts this Is very improbable, oven baa the new regulation sabre been then in uae. —[Boston Globa.

The Use of Paper Money.

Almost, if not quite, all civilised countries use paper money to facilitate payments within their own jurisdiction, says the Globe-Democrat. The United States use paper money to a greater extext than any other country, and in notes of smaller denominations than anv other country of equal importance. All of our paper bills except the gold certifloutes are in the the denominations of sl, $2, $5, $lO, S2O, SOO, SIOO, SSOO and $1,000; our gold certificate! do not appear in denominations less than S2O. The Dominion of Canada issues .$1 and $& notes, and various banks issue notes varying from $5 to SI,OOO. Mexico issues paper money of 10 pesos -and upward and the Bouth American States issue paper of similar denominations. The Bank of England issues all English notes in denominations of £O, £lO, £2O, £SO, £IOO, £2OO, £3OO, £SOO and £I,OOO. The banks of Sootland and Ireland issue notes of £1 and upward. The Bank of France issues notes for 00 frances, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 francs. The Bank of Belgium issues notes of 20 francs and upward. Italian banks issue notes of 1 lira and upward to 1,000 lire. The Bank of Germany puts out notes for 5 marks and upward to 1,000 marks. Austria issues notes of 1 gulden and upward. Russia is the only European country which issues government notes, its paper money being of the denomination of 1 ruble and upward. Sweden, Norway and Denmark issue by their banks Dotes for 5 krone, 10, 25, 50 and 100 krone. India does not issue paper money, nor does China now, Japan provides paper money of 1 yen, 2,5, 10, 20 and 100 yens, and the other countries, as a rule, issue paper money, the lowest denomination of which is usnally ten times the value of the coined unit of value.

A Cantonment.

The cantonment at an Indian town means the place where the English live. The native town is usually inclosed by high walls and is accessible only by a few gates. It is brimful of people, who crowd its bazaars or shop streets. Quite outside the town and a mile or two away is the cantonment, an unwalled district, where each house stands in its own inclosure or compound, and where the regiments —British or native—are quartered in “lines” or rows of huts. The cantonment usually has wide, wellkept roads, with a grassy margin and avenues of fine trees, giving it the appearance of a great park. The English visitor, if ne stays with friends, might be a week without seeing the native town at all, unless his curiosity prompted an excursion in search of it. There is always in the cantoment a club, with a ladies’ wing (unless the ladies have a gymkhana or olub of their own), and, besides the various parade grounds, a polo ground or tennis court, so that a visitor bent only on amusement has plenty of resources.—[The Nineteenth Century

Praying by Machinery.

Praying by machinery is usual among the inhabitants of Central Asia. A large, hollow oylinder-like drum is erected, and within it are inclosed the prayers that any one may wish to offer, written out neatly. The cylinder is then made to revolve by wind or water power, and every time it goes round the devotee imagines it to be equivalent to a verbal repetition of all the prayers it contains.