Democratic Sentinel, Volume 17, Number 48, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 15 December 1893 — Page 3

MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.

The President Submits His Annual Address. r REVIEW OF AFFAIRS. HAWAII TO RECEIVE ATTENTION LATER. Our Relations with Foreign Powers— Finances of the Government—Work of the Several Departments—Advises Delay In Dealing with the Currency SubjectPassage of the Wilson Tariff Measure Is Recommended Course of the Pension Bureau Approved, Etc. President Cleveland’s message to the Fifty-third Congress in regular session was delivered to that body without delay on its assemblage at Washington. The organization of both branches having been effected at the late special session, there was nothing to interfere with the regular order of business. The message is of unusual length, exceeding in this respect Mr. Cleveland's famous address of 1885. A considerable part of the document is devoted to the Wilson tariff bill, silver purchase repeal, and the subject of pensions. Hawaiian matters are but briefly touched upon, the President indicating that he will submit a special message on this complication later. The message reads as follows: To the Congress of the United States: The constitutional duty which requires the President from time tq time to give to the Congress Information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient, is fittingly entered upon by commending to the Congress a oareful examination of the detailed statements and well supported recommendations contained in the reports of the heads of departments, who are chiefly charged with the executive work of the Government. In an effort to abridge this communication as much as is convenient with its purpose shall supplement a brief reference to the contents of these departmental reports by the mention of such executive business and incidents as are not embraced therein, and by such recommendations as appear to be at this particular time appropriate. While our foreign relations have not at all times during the past year been entirely free from perplexity, no embarrassing situations remain that will not yield to the spirit of fairness and love of justice, which, joined with consistent firmness, characterize a truly American foreign policy. My predecessor having aocepted the office of arbitrator of the longstanding missions boundary dispute, tendered to the President by the Argentine Republic and Brazil, it has been my agroeable duty to receive the special envoys comipissioned by those states to lay befor me evidence and arguments in behalf of their respective governments.

Relations with Brazil. The outbreak of domestic hostilities in the Republto of Brazil found the United States alert to watch the interests of our citizens in that country, with which we carry on important commerce. Several vessels es our new navy are now, and for some time have been, stationed at Bio de Janeiro. The struggle being between the established Government, which controls the machinery of administration, and with which w r e maintain friendly relations, and certain officers of the navy employing the vessels of their command in an attack upon the national Capital and chief seaport, I have failed to see that the insurgents can reasonably olaim recognition as belligerents. Thus far the position of our Government has been that of an attentive but impartial observer of the unfortunate conflict. Emphasizing our fixed policy of impartial neutrality in such a condition of affairs as now exists, I deemed it necessary to disavow, in a manner not to be misunderstood, the unauthorized aotion of the late naval commander in those waters in saluting the revolted Brazilian Admiral, being indisposed to countenance an act calculated to give gratuitous sanction to the local insurrection. Chilian Complications. The convention between our Government and Chili, having for its object the settlement and adjustment of the demands of the two countries against each other, has been made effective by t;.e organization of the Claims Commission provided for. The two governments failing to agree upon the third member of the commission, the good offices of the President of the Swiss republic were invoked, as provided in the treaty, and the selection of the Swiss representative in this country to complete the organization was gratifying alike to the United States and Chili. The vexatious question of so-called legation asylum for offenders against the state and its laws was presented anew in Chili by the unauthorized action of the late United States Minister in receiving into his residence two persons who had just failed in an attempt at revolution and against whom criminal charges were pending, growing out of a former abortive disturbance. A temperate demand having been made by the Chilian Government for the correction of this conduct in the instance mentioned, the minister was instructed no longer to harbor the offenders. Registration of Chinese.

' The legislation of last year, known as the Geary law, requiring the registration of all Chinese laborers entitled to residence in the United States, and the deportation of all not complying with the provisions of the act within the time prescribed, met with much opposition from Chinamen in this country. Acting upon the advice of efninent oounsel that the law was unconstitutional, the great mass of Chinese laborers, pending judical inquiry as to its validity, in good faith declined to apply for the certificates required by its provisions. A test case upon proceedings by habeas corpus was brought before the Supreme Court, and on May 15, 1893, a decision was made by that tribunal sustaining the law. It is believed that, under the recent amendment to the act extending the time for registration, the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the reneweirprivilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain, and that' thereby the necessity of enforcing deportation may to a great degree be avoided. v It has devolved upon the United States Minister at Peking, as 'dean of the diplomatic body, and in the absence of a representative of Sweden and Norway, to press upon the Chinese Government reparation for the recent murder of Swedish missionaries at Sung-PU. This question is ot vital interest to all countries whose citizens engage in missionary work in the interior.

Costa Rica’s Friendliness. Costa Rica has lately testified its friendliness by surrendering to the United States, in the absence of a convention of extradition, but upon duly submitted evidence of Criminality, a noted fugitive from justice. It is trusted that the negotiation of a treaty with that country to meet recurring cases of vfhis kind will soon be accomplished. In my, opinion treaties for reciprocal extradition Should be concluded with all those countries with which the United States has not already conventional arrangements of that character. I have deemed it fittinc to express to the governments of Costa Rica and Colombia the kindly desire of the United States to see their pending boundary dispute finally closed by arbitration in conformity with the spirit of the treaty concluded between them some years ago. Our relations with the French Republic continue to be intimate and cordial. I sincerely hope that the extradition treaty with that country, as amended by the Senate, will soon be operative. While occasional questions affecting our naturalized citizens returning to the land of their birth, have arisen in our intercourse with Germany, our relations with that country continue satisfactory. Relations with Great Britain. The questions affecting our relations with Great Britain have been treated in a spirit of friendliness. Negotiations are in progress between the two Governments with a view to such ' concurrent action as will make the award and regulations agreed upon by the Behring Sea tribunal of arbitration practically effective; and it is not doubted that Great Britain will co-operate freely with this country for the accomplishment of that purpose. The dispute growing out of the discriminating tolls imposed in the Welland Canal upon cargoes of cereals bound to and from the lake ports of the United States was adjusted by the substitution of a more equitable schedule of charges, and my predecessor thereupon suspended his proclamation imposing descrimlnating tolls upon British transit through our canals. A request for additions to the list of extraditable offenses covered by the existing treaty between the two countries is under consideration. During the past year an American citizen, employed in a subordinate commercial posl- * tlon in Haytl, after suffering a protracted imprisonment on au unfounded charge of smuggling. was finally liberated on judicial exam-

{nation. Upon urgent representation to the Haytlan Government, a suitable indemnity was paid to the sufferer. -» Upon receiving authentic information of the firing upon an American mail steamer touching at the port of Amapala, because her captain cefused to deliver up a passenger from Nicaragua to Guatemala, upon demand of the military authorities of Honduras, our Minister to that country under instructions protested against the wanton act and demanded satisfaction. The government of Honduras, actuated by a sense of justice, and in a spirit of the utmost friendship, promptly disavowed the illegal conduct of its officers and expressed sincere regret for the occurrence. Interest in Liberia. A notable part of the southeasterly coast of Liberia between the Cavaliy and San Pedro Riverß, which for nearly hair a century has been generally recognized as belonging to that republic by cession and purchase, has been claimed to be under the protectorate of France in virtue of an agreement entered Into by the native tribes over whom Liberia's control nas not been well maintained. More recently negotiations between the Liberian representative and the French Government resulted in the signature at Paris of a treaty whereby as an adjustment certain Liberian territory is ceded to France. This convention at last advices had not been ratified by the Liberian Legislature and executive. Our relations with Mexico continue to be of that close and friendly nature which should always characterize the intercourse of two neighboring republics. The work of relocating the monuments marking the boundary between tho countries from Paso del Norte to the Pacific is now nearly completed. The commission recently organized under tho conventions of 1884 and 1888, it is expected, will speedily settle disputes growing out of the shifting currents of the Bio Grande River east of El Paso. Nicaragua and the Canal. Nicaragua has recently passed through two revolutions, the party at first successful having in turn been displaced by another. Our newly appointed Minister, by his timely good offices, aided in a peaceful adjustment of the controversy involyed in the first conflict. The large American interests established in that country in connection with the Nicaragua Canal were not molested. The canal company lias unfortunately become financially seriously embarrassed, but a generous treatment has been extended to it by the Government of Nicaragua. The United States arc especially Interested in the successful achievement of the vast undertaking this company has in charge. That it should be accomplished under distinctively American auspices. and its enjoyment assured not 6nly to the vessels of this country as a channel of communication between o'ur Atlantic and Pacific seaboards, but to the ships of the world in the interests of civilization, is a proposition which, in my judgment, does not admit of question. Gautemala has also been visited by the political vicissitudes which have afflicted her Central American neighbors; but the dissolution of its legislature and the proclamation of a dictatorship have been unattended with civil war. An extradition treaty with Norway has recentjy been exchanged and proclaimed. The extradition treaty with Russia signed in March, 1887, and amended and confirmed by the Senate in February last, was duly proclaimed last June. Triple Protectorate of Samoa. Led by a desire to compose differences and contribute to the restoration of order In Samoa, which for some years previous had been the scene of conflicting foreign pretentions and native strife, the United States, departing from its policy consecrated by a century of observance, entered four years ago into tho treaty of Berlin, thereby becoming jointly bound with England and Germany to establish and maintain Malietoa Laupepi as King of Samoa. Early in the life of this triple protectorate, the native dissentions It was designed to quoll revived. Quite lately, at the request of the other powers, and in fulfillment of its treaty obligation, this- Government agreed to unite in a joint military movement of such dimensions as would probably secure the surrender of the insurgents without bloodshed. The warship Philadelphia was accordingly put under orders for Samoa, but before she arrived the threatened conflict was precipitated by King Malletoa’s attack upon the insurgents’ camp. Mataafa was defeated and a number of meoAilled. The British and German naval vessels present subsequently secured the surrender of Mataata and his adherents. This incident and the events leading up to it signally illustrate the impolicy of entangling alliances with foreign powers.

Claims Against Spain. More than fifteen years ago this Government preferred a olaim against Spain in behalf of one of our citizens for property seized and confiscated in Cuba. In 1886 the claim was adjusted, Spain agreeing to pay unconditionally as a fair indemnity $1,500,000. A respectful but earnest note was recently addressed to the Spanish Government insisting upon a prompt fulfillment of Its long neglected obligation. Other claims, preferred by the United States against Spam in behalf of American citizens for property confiscated in Cuba, have been pending for many years. At the time Spam’s title to the Caroline Islands was confirmed by arbitration, that Government agreed that the rights which had been acauired there by American missionaries should be recognized and respected. The reproduced caravel, Santa Maria, built by Spain and sent to the Columbian Exposition, has been presented to the United States in token of amity and in commemoration of the event it was desigued to celebrate. I recommend that, in accepting this gift, Congress make grateful recognition of the sincere iriendship which prompted it. American Missions in Turkey. Important matters have demanded attention in our relations with the Ottoman Borte. The firing and partial destruction, by an unrestrained mob, of one of the school buildings of Anatolia College, established by citizens of the United States at Marsovan, and the apparent indifference of the Turkish Government to the outrage, notwithstanding the complicity of some of its officials, called for earnest remonstrance, which was followed by promises of reparation and punishment of the offenders. Indemnity for the injury to the buildings has already been paid, permission to rebuild given, registration of the school property in the name of the American owners secured, and efficient protection guaranteed. Hawaiian Situation.

It is hardly necessary for me to state that questions arising from onr relations with Hawaii have caused serious embarrassment. Just prior to the installation of the present administration the existing government of Hawaii had been suddenly overthrown and a treaty of annexation had been negotiated between the Provisional Government of the islands and the United btates and submitted to the Senate for ratification. This treaty I withdrew for examination, and dispatched the Hon. James H, Blount, of Georgia, to Honolulu, as a special commissioner to make an impartial investigation of the circumstances attending the change of government, and of all the conditions bearing upon the subject of the treatv. After a thorough and exhaustive examiuation Mr. Blount submitted to me his report showing beyond all question that the Constitutional Government of Hawaii had been subverted with the active aid of our representative to that Government, and through the intimidation caused by the presence of an armed naval force of the United btates, which was landed for that purpose at the instance of our Minister. Upon the facts developed it seemed to me the only honorable course for our Government to pursue was to undo the wrong that had been done by those representing us, and to restore, as far as practicable, the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention. With a view of accomplishing this result within the constitutional limits of obligations and responsibilities gr !Wing out of any changed conditions brought about by our unjustifiable interference, our present Minister at Honolulu has received appropriate instructions to that end. Thus far no information of the accomplishment of any definite results has been received from him. Additional advices are soon expected. When received they will be promptly sent to the Congress, together with all other information at hand, accompanied by a speJial executive message fully detailing all the facts necessary to a complete understanding of the case, and presenting a history of all the material events leading up to the present situation. Arbitration of National Disputes. By a concurrent resolution, passed by the Senate Feb. 14, 11*93, and by the House of Representatives on the 3d of April following, the President was requested "To invite from time to time, as fit occasions may arise, negotiations with any government with which tho United States has or may have diplomatic relations, to the end that any differences or disputes arising between the two governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means. "April 18, 1890, the International American Conference of Washington, by a resolution, expressed the wish that all controversies between the republics of America and the nations of Europe might be settled by arbitration, and recommended that the government of each nation represented in that conference should communicate this wish to all friendly powers. A favorable response has been received from Great Britain in the shape of a resolution adopted by Parliament July 16 last, cordially sympathizing with the purpose in view. The monetary conference which assembled at Brussels, upon our invitation, was adjourned to the 30th oay of November in the present year. The considerations just stated, and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed to be expected upon the re assembling of the conference, led me to express a willingness to have the meeting still further postponed It seems to me that 'it would be wise to give general authority to the President to invite other nations to suoh a conference at any time when there should be a fair prospect of accomplishing an international agreement on the subject of coinage. I desire also to earnestly suggest the wisdom of amending existing statutes in regard to the issuance of Government bonds. The authority now vested in the Secretary of the Treasury tp issue bonds is not as clear as it should be, and the bonds authorized are disadvantageous to the Government, both as to the time of their maturity and rate of interoat.

National Quarantine. The admonitions of the last two years touching our public health, and the demonstrated danger of the introduction of oontagious diseases from foreign port's, has invested the subject of national quarantine with increased interest. A more general and harmonious system than now exists, acting promptly and directly everywhere, and constantly operating by preventive moans to shield our country from the invasion es disease, and at the same time having due regard to the rights and duties of local agencies, would, I believe, add greatly to the safety of our people. Peace Within Onr Borders. Neither Indian outbreaks nor domestic violence iiave called the army into service during the year, and the only active military duty required of it has been in the department of Texas, where violations of the neutrality laws of the United States aud Mexico were promptly and efficiently dealt with by the troops, eliciting the warm approval of the civic and military authorities of both countries. The adoption of battalion formation for infantry regimonts, tho strengthening of the artillery forces, the abandonment of small and unnecessary posts, and the massing of the troops at important and accessible stations, ail promise to promote the usefulness of the army. In the judgment of army officers, with but few exceptions, the operation ot the law forbidding the re-enlistment of men after ten years of service has not proved its wisdom, and while the arguments that led to its adoption were not without merit, the experience of the year constrains me to join in the recommendation for its repeal. Purchase of Silver. The purchases of silver under the law of July 14, 1890, durlug the last fiscal year aggregated 54.,008,162.59 fine ounces, which c05t1546,581,374,63. The total amount of silver purchased from the time that tax became operative until the repeal of its purchasing clause on the Ist day of November, 1893, was 168,674,69t'.46 tine ounces, which cost $155,930,940.84. Between the Ist day of March. 1873, and the Ist day of November, 1893, the Government purenased under all laws 603,0u3,717 fine ounces of silver at a cost of $516,622,948. The silver dollars that have been coined under the act of July 14, P9O, number 36,087,285. The seigniorage arising from such coinage was $6,977,098.39, leaving on hand in the mints i 50,699,760 fine ounces of silver, which cost $126,758,218. Our rotai coinage of nil metals during the last fiscal year consisted of 97,260,876 pieces, valued at $43,685,178.80, of which there was $30,033,140 in gold coin, $5,843,716 In silver dollars, $7,217,220.90 in subsidiary silver coins, and $1,086,102.90 in minor oolns. During the calendar year 1892 the productions of precious metals in the United States was estimated to be 1,596,375 fine ounces of gold of the commercial and coinage value of $33,080,000 and 58,000,000 mine ounoes of stiver of the bullion or market value of $50,750,000 and of the coinage value of $74,989,900. It is estimated that on July 1, 1893, the metallic stock of money in the United States, consisting of coin and bullion, amounted to $1,213,659,169, of which $597,697,685 was gold and $615,861,481 was silver. One hundred and nineteen national banks were organized during the year ending Oct. 31, 1893, with a capital of $11,230,000. Forty-six went into voluntary liquidation and 158 suspended. Sixty-five of the suspended banks were insolvent, eighty-six resumed business and seven remained in the handß of bank examiners. with prospects of speedy resumption. Of the new banks organized forty-four were located in the Eastern States, forty-one west of the Mississippi River, and thirty-four in the Central and Southern States. The total number of national banks in existence on the 3lst day of October, 1898, was 3,796. having an agregate capital of $ ’95,568,120. The net increase in the circulation of these banks during the year was $36,886,972. The recent repeal of the provision of law requiring the purchase of silver bullion by the Government as a feature of our monetary scheme, has made an entire change in the complexion of onr currency affairs. I do not doubt that the ultimate result of this aotion will be most salutatory and far-reaohing. In the nature of things, however, it is impossible to know at this time precisely what conditions will be brought about by the change, or what, If any, supplementary legislation may, in the light of suoh conditions, appear to be essential or expedient. Of course, after the recent financial perturbation, time is necessary for the re-establishmeut of business confidence. When, however, through this restored confidence, the money which has been frightened into hoarding-places is Tetnrned to trade and enterprise, a survey of the situation will probably disclose a safe path leading to a permanently sound currency, abundantly sufficient to meet every requirement of our increasing population and business. In the pursuit of this object we should resolutely turn away from alluring and temporary expedients, detetmined to bo content with nothing less than a lasting and comprehensive financial plan. In these circumstances lam convinced that a reasonable delay in dealing with this subject, instead of being injurious, will increase the probability of wise action.

Sea Coasts Defenses. It is gratifying to note that we have bogun to attain complete results iu tho comprehensive scherne of sea coast defense and fortification, entered upon eight years ago. At the end of the current calendar year the War Department will have nine 12-lnch, twenty 10-inch and thirty-four 8-inch guns ready to be mounted on gun-lifts, and carriage, and seven-ty-five 12-inch mortars. The manufacture of heavy ordnance keeps pace with current needs: but to render these guns available for the purposes they are designed to meet, emplacements must be prepared for them. After much preliminary work and muoh exhaustive examination in accordant with the requirements of the law, the board appointed to select a magazine rifle of modern type with which to replace the obsolete Springfield rifle of the infantry service, completed its labors during the last year and tuo work of manufacturing is now in progress at the National Armory at Springfield. It is confidently expected that by the end of the current year our infantry will be supplied with a weapon equal to that of the most progressive armies of the world. FOstofllce Department. The report of the Postmaster General contains a detailed statement of the operations of the Postoffice Department during the last fiscal year and much interesting information touching this important branch of the public service. At a date when better times were anticipated it was estimated by his predecessor that the deficiency on the 30th day of June, 1893, would be but a little over a million and a half dollars, It amounted, however, to more than five millions. At the same time, aud under the influence of like anticipations, estimates were made for the current fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, which exhibited a surplus of revenue over expenditures of $872,245.71; but now, in view of the actual receipts and expenditures during that part of the current fiscal year already expired, the present Postmaster General estimates that at its close, instead of a surplus, there will be a deficiency ot nearly eight million dollars. Forty-two free delivery offices were added during the year to those already existing, making a total of 610 cities and townß provided with free delivery on June 30, 1893. Ninety-three other cities and towns are now entitled to this service under the law, but it has not been accorded them on ac count of insufficient funds to meet the expense of its establishment. I am decidedly of the opinion that the provisions of the present law permit as general an introduction of this feature of mail service as is necessary or justifiable, and that It ought not to bo extended to smaller communities than aro now designated. The expense of free delivery for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, will be more than $11,000,000, and, under legislation now existing, there must be a constant increase in this item of expenditure. During the year 195 Internal money-order offices were added to those already provided, making a total of 2,408 in operation on June 30, 1893. The number of international money orders issued during the year was 1,055,999, an increase over the preceding year of 72,626, and their value was $16,341,837.86, an increase of sl,221,500.31. The number of orders paid was 3u0,917, an increase over the preceding vear of 13,501, and their value was $5,283,375.70, an increase Of $94,004.83. From the foregoing statements it appears that the total issue of money orders and postal notes for the year amounted to $156,821,348.24. The number of letters and packages mailed during the year for special delivery was 3,375,693, an increase over the preceding year of nearly 22 per cent. The special delivery stamps used upon these letters and packages amounted to $337,569.30 and the messengers’ fees paid for their delivery amounted to $256,696.71, leaving a profit to the Government Of $80,976.59. I desire to commend as especially worthy of prompt attention the suggestions of the Postmaster General relating to a more sensible and business-like organization and a better distribution of responsibility in his department. Navy Depart mens. During the past six months the demands for cruising vessels have been many and urgent. Progress in the construction of new vessels has not been as rapid as was anticipated. There have been delays in the completion of unarmored vessels, but for the most part they have been snoh as are constantly occurring even in countries having the largest experience in naval ship-build-ing. The most Berious delays, however, have been in the work upon armored ships. The trouble has been the failure of contractors to deliver armor as agreed. The difficulties seem now, however, to have been all overcome, and armor is being delivered with satisfactory promptness.- The Secretary of the Navy recommends the authorization of at least one battleship and six torpedo boats. While lam distinctly in favor of consistently pm suing the policy we have inaugurated of building up a thorough and efficient navy, 1 can not refrain from the suggestion that the Congress should carefully take into account the number of unfinished vessels on our hands and the depleted condition of our Treasury in considering the propriety of an appropriation at this time to begin new work. On the Pension Bolls. On the 30th day of June, 1893, there were on the pension rolls 966,012 names, an increase of 89,944 over the number on the rolls June SO, 1892. Of these there were 17 widows and daughters of revolutionary soldiers, 8S survivors of the. war of 1812, 6,425 widows of soldiers ot that war, 21,518 Bnrvlvors and widows of the Mextoan war, 3,882 survivors and widows ot Indian wars, 244 army nnrses, and 475,645 survivors and widows and children of deceased soldiers and

sailors of the war of the rebellion. The latter number represents thoso pensioned on account of disabilities or death resulting from army and navy service. The number of persons remaining on the rolls June 30, 1893, who were pensioued under the act of June 27, 1890, which allows pensions on account of death and disability not ohargeable to any servioe, was 419,165. The number added to the rolls during the year was 123,634 and the number dropped was 3 <,690. The first payments on pensions allowed during the year amounted to $33,756,549.98. This includes arrears or the accumulation between the time from whioh the allowance of the pension dates and the time of actually granting the certificate. Although the law of 1890 permits pensions for disabilities not related to military service, yet, as a requisite to its benefits, a disability must exist incapacitating applicants "from the performance of manual labor to such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support." The execution of this law in its early stages does not seem to have been in accord with its true intention; but toward the olose ot the last administration an authoritative construction was given to the statute, and since that time this construction has been followed. This lias had tho effect of limiting the operations of the law to its intended purpose. Tho discovery having been made that many names have been put upon the pension roll by means of wholesale and gigantic frauds, the Commissioner suspended payments upon a number of pensions which seemed to be fraudulent or unauthorized pending a complete examination, giving notice to the pensioners in order that they might have an opportunity to establish, if possible, the justice of their claims, notwithstanding apparent invalidity. This, I understand, i*> the practice whioh has for a long time prevailed in the Pension Bureau. But after entering upon these recent investigations, the Commissioner modified this rule so as uot to allow, until after completo examination, interference with the payment of a pension apparently not altogether void, but which merely had been fixed at a rate higher than that authorized by law. 1 am unable to understand why frauds in the pension rolls should not be exposed and corrected with thoroughness and vigor. Every name fraudulently put upon these rolls is a wicked imposition upon the kindly sentiment in which pensions have their origin. Every fradulent pensioner has become a bad citizen; every false oath la support of a pension has made perjury more common, and false and undeserving pensioners rob tho people not only of their money, but of the patriotic sentiment which tho survivors of a war, fought for the preservation of tho Union, ought to inspire. Thousands of neighborhoods have their well-known fraudulent §ensioners, and recent developments by tho ureau establish appalling conspiracies to a - complish pension frauds. By no means the least wrong done is to bravo and deserving Sensioners, who certainly ought not to be couemned to such association. Those who attempt. in the line of duty, to rectify those wrongs, should not be aocused of enmity or indifference to the claims of honest veterans. The sum expended on account of pensions for the year ending June 30,1893, was $156,749,467.14. The Commissioner estimates that $165,000,(MK) will be required to pay pensions during tho year ending June, 30, 1891.

Indians and Their Fate.

I am sure that secular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in any effort to save the Indian and lead him to civilization. I believe, too, that the relinquishment of tribal relations and the holding of land in Beveralty may, in favorable conditions, aid this consummation. It seems to mo, liowevor, that allotments of land in severalty ought to bo made with great oare and circumspection. If hastily done, before the Indian knows its meaning, while yet he has little or no idea of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift, there is great danger that a reservation life in tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization, instead of its independence and elevation. The solution of the Indian problem depends very largely upon good administration. The personal fitness of agonts and their adaptability to the peculiarities of oaring for their wards is of the utmost importance. There is danger of great abuses creeping into the prosecution of claims ror Indian depredations, and I recommend that every possible safeguard be provided against the enforcement) of unjust aud fictitious claims of this desoriptiou. The Public Domain,

The vast area of land whioh but a short time ago constituted the public domain is . apldly falling into private hands. It is certain that in the transfer the benefloent purpose of tho Government to supply from its domain homes to the industrious and worthy homeseekers is often frustrated. I concur with the Secretary in the belief that these outrages oan not be entirely prevented without a ohange in the laws on the subject, and I’hope his recommendations in that direction Will be favorably considered. I especially commend to the attention of tho Congress the statements contained in the Secretary’s rcpirt concerning forestry. Department of Justice. The report of the Attorney General oontatns tho usual summary of the affairs and proceedings of the Department of Justice for the past year, together with certain recommendations' as to needed legislation on various subjeots. 1 can not too heartily indorse the proposition that tho fee system as applicable to the compensation of United States Attorneys, Marshals, Clerks ot Federal Courts, and United States Commissioners. should be abolished with as little delay as possible. In my first message to Congress, Bated December 8,1885, 1 strongly recommended these changes and referrred somewhat at length to the evils of the present system. Slnee that time the criminal business of the present Federal courts and the expenses attending it have enormously increased. It is therefore apparent that the reasons given In 1885 for a change in the manner of enforcing the Federal criminal law, have gained cogency and strength by lapse of time. I also heartily Join the Attorney General In recommending legislation fixing degrees of the crime of murder within Federal Jurisdiction, as has been done in many of the States; authorizing writs of error on behalf of the Government in cases where final judgment is rendered against the sufficiency of an indictment or against the Government upon any other question arising before actual trial; limiting the right of review in cases of felony punishable only by line and imprisonment to the Cirouit Court of Appeals, and making speedy provision for the construction of such prisons and reformatories as may be necessary for the confinement of United States convicts.

Department of Agriculture. The report of the Secretary of Agriculture will be found exceedingly interesting. During the first quarter of the present year the expenses of tho department aggregated $446,876.76 a/i against $102,012.42 for the corresponding period of the fiscal year ending Juno 30, 1893. The Secretary makes apparent his Intention to continue this rate of reduction by submitting estimates for the next fiscal year less by $994,280 than those for the present year. The regulations of 1892 concerning Texas fever have been enforced during the last year. Whilo oontagious pieuro-pneumonia in cattle has been eradicated and animal tuberculosis—a disease widespread and more .dangerous to human life than plenro-pneu-monia—is still prevalent, investigations have been made during the past year as to the means of its communication and the method of its correct diagnosis. Much progress has been made In this direction by the studies of the division of animal pathology, but tho work ought to be extended iu co-operation with local authorities, until the danger to human life arising from this cause is reduced to a minimum. I join the Secretary in recommending that hereafter each applicant for the position of Inspector or Assistant Inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry be required, as a condition precedent to his appointment, to exhibit to tho United States Civil Service Commission his diploma from an established, regular aud reputable veterinary college, and that this be supplemented by snch an examination in veterinary science as the commission may prescribe.

Economy in Seeds. In the year 1863 Congress appropriated tI.OK), to be taken from the Patent Office funds for the purpose of collecting and distributing rare and improved varieties of seeds and for prosecuting agricultural investigations and procuring agricultural statistics. From this small beginning tho seed division of the Department of Agriculture has grown to its present unwieldy and unjustifiably extravagant proportions. During the last fiscal year the cost of seeds purchased was $66,548.61. The remainder of an appropriation of 1135,000 was expended in putting them up snd distributing them. It surely never could have entered the minds of those who first sanctioned appropriations of publio money for the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution that from this would grow large appropriations for the purchase and distribution, by members of Congress, of ordinary seeds, bulbs, and cuttings which are common In all the States and Territories, and everywhere easily obtainable at low prices. In view of these facts, this enormous expenditure without legitimate returns of benefit ought to be abolished. Civil Service Reform. The continued Intelligent execution of the Civil Service law and the increasing approval by the people of its operation arc most gratifying. The recent extension of its limitations and regulations to the employes at free delivery postoffices, which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by the Commission, with the hearty cooperation of the Postmaster General, is an immensely important advance in the usefulness of the system. I am, if possible, more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the cifril service law. not dhly in its effect upon the public service but also, what is more important, in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally. Time to Cut Appropriations. Economy in publio expenditures is a duty that cannot be innocently neglected by those intruhted with the control of money drawn from the people for public uses. It must be confessed that our apparently endless resources, the familiarity of our people with Immense accumulations of wealth, the growing sentiment among them that the expenditure of publio money should in some manner be to their immediate and personal advantage, the indirect and almost stealthy manner in which a large part of our taxes

is exaotod, and a degenerated sense of official accountability, have led to growing extravagance in governmental appropriations. At this'time when a depleted pnblio Treasury confronts ns, when many of our people are engaged in a hard struggle for the necessaries of life, and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass of our oountrymen, 1 desire to urge, with all the earnestness at my command, that Congressional legislation be so limited by such strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation of the condition of the treasury ana a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our fellow-citizens. The duty of public economy is also of Immense importanoe in its intimate and neoessary relation to the task now in hand, of providing revenue to meet governmental expenditures and yet reducing Uie poople's burden of Federal taxation. The Promise of Tariff Reform. After a hard struggle, tariff reform is directly before us. Nothing so important claims our attention, and nothing so clearly prosents itself as both an opportunity aud a duty—an opportunity to deserve the gratltudo of our fellow-citizens, and a duty Imposed upon us by our oft-repeated professions and by the emphatio mandate of tho people. After full dlsousslon our countrymen have spoke in favor of this reform, and they have con tided tho work of its accomplishment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it. If there is anything In tho theory of a representation In public places of tho pcoplo and their desires, if public officers are really the servants of the people, aud If political promises and professions have any binding foroe, our failure to give the relier so long awaited will be sheer recreancy. Nothing should intervono to distract our attention or disturb our effort until this reform is accomplished by wise aud careful legislation. While we should Btanchly adhere to tho principle that only the necessity of revenue justifies the impost tion of tariff duties and other Federal taxation, and that they should be llmitod by strict economy, wo can not close our eyos to the fact that conditions have grown which. Injustness and fairness, call for discriminating care in tho discrimination of suoh duties and taxation as the einegencios of our Government aotually demand. Manifestly, if we are to aid the people directly through tariff reform, ono of its most obvious loatnrcs should bo a reduction in preseut tariff charges upon the necessaries of lire. Tho boneilts of such a reduction would be palpablo aud substantial, seen and felt by thousands who would bo better fed, and better clothed, and better sheltered. Those gifts should bo the willing benofaotions of a Government whoso hlghost function Is the promotion of tho welf&ro of the people. Not less closelyrelatod tp our people's prosperity and well-being is tho removal of restrictions upon the Importations of tho raw materials neoessary to our manufacturers. Tho world should he open to our national ingenuity and enterprise. Thl* can not be while Federal logtslatlon, through tho Imposition of high tariff, forbids to American inanufaoturora as cheap materials as those usod by their competitors. It is quite obvious that the enhancement of the price of our manufactured produots, resulting from this poiioy, not only oonflnes the market for these produots within onr own borders, to the direct disadvantage of our manufacturers, but also increases their cost to onr citizens. The Interests of labor are certainly, though Indirectly, involved in this feature of our tariff Bystein. Tho sharp competition and active straggle among onr raanufaoturerg to supply the limited demand for their goods, soon fill the narrow market to which they are confined. Then follows a suspension of work in tho mills and factories, a discharge of employes, and distress in the homes of onr workingmen. Even if tlio often disproved assertion could be made good that a lower rato of wages would result lrmn free raw materials and low tariff duties, the Intelligence of our workingmen loads them qulokly to discover that their stoady employment, permitted by free raw materials, la tho most Important factor in tholr relation to tariff legislation. A measure has been prepared by the appropriate Congressional committee embodying tariff reform on tho lines heroin suggested which will bo promptly submitted for legislative action. It is the result of much patriotic and .unselfish work, and I believo It deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit. lam satisfied that tho reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation, added to the existing internal-revenue taxation, will. In tho near future, though perhaps not immediately, produce sufficient revenue to meet the needs of tho Government. Additional internal Revenue Taxes. The committee aftor full consideration, and to provido against a temporary deflolonoy which may exist before tho business of tho oountry adjusts Itself to tho new tariff schedules, have wisely embraced In their plan a tow additional Internal revenue taxes, Including a small tax upon incomes derived from oortaln corporate Investments. These new assessments are not only absolutely Jußt and easily bqrne but they have tlio further merit of being such as can bo remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever the necessity of the Imposition no longer exists. In my great desire for tho suocoss of this moasure I can not restrain the suggestion that its success can only bo attained by means of unsolfisli counsel on tbo part of the friends of tariff reform, and as a result of their willingness to subordinate personal desires aud ambitions to tho general good. The local interests affootod by tho proposed reform are so nnmerons and so varied that if all are insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fall. In conclusion, my intense feel ng of responsibility impels mo to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding people the most scrupulous c*re, and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country.

GROVER CLEVELAND.

News from Cuba Indicates that the financial depression has seriously interfered with business in the overfaithful isle. The revolution industry is especially depressed. Heretofore it has been considered necessary, in order to start a respectable revolution, to secure the adherence of at least a hundred men. A revolutionary army of this size was not, it is true, considered exactly up to concert pitch, because not more than seventy-five of the hundred patriots could be brigadier generals. There had to be some privates. Still it made a fair showing and usually lasted twenty-four hours at least. With the hard times, however, Cuban patriots have been marking down figures and getting up a sort of bargain counter revolution. The minimum was reached when a serried host of twenty-five men undertook to overturn the government and set up the standard of the republic. Of course, the government troops, after getting out a search warrant, crushed the insurrection, and the yueen of the Antilles again languishes beneath the heel of despotism. The usual daily revolutions will continue to take place, however, as advertised, so long as three men and a boy are left to let slip the dogs of war. Wife-beater Kline, of Toledo, has received his just deserts. It was his custom to amuse himself by using Mrs. Kline as a football, kicking her all over the house. After being knocked down repeatedly, the woman turned on her tormenter and shot him with his own revolver. He will probably die. At all events, he will not beat any more women for some time to come. It is to be hoped that other women, cursed with brutal husbands, will follow the example of Mrs. Kline. There has been an unpleasant monotony about these conjugal killings, the woman being Invariably the victim. The Toledo incident may have the effect of evening up matters by encouraging the killing of a few wife-beaters. Pennsylvania Guardian: The World’s Fair was a triumphant monument to the vast resources of the Yankee, an achievement which has dwarfed by comparison any other exhibition ever given under the sun. History has recognized seven wonders of the world, but these are insignificant as compared with this eighth one—the most stupendous one of them all. The frying pan is the cause of much sin and suffering in this world: many a man has been driven to fcrime on account of dyspepsia. The chief pleasure in eating does not consist in costly seasoning, or exquisite flavor, but in yourself, po you seek for sauce by labor?— Horace.

REAL RURAL READING

WILL BE FOUND IN THIS DEPARTMENT. Directions for racking Apples—How to ( Preserve Fence Posts—Fattening Steers— Banking Up Cellars—Notes About the Farm. Packing Apples. The President or the Ontario Fruit Growers’Association gives the following directions for packing apples: Choose a solid place in tho ground, and place a barrel upon a solid piece of plank. Layj the iirst course of apples with the stem down. Tho packer should not take especial samples for this course, but take them as they come and place them so as to make a solid row in tho bottom. The next row should also ho put in carefully, with tho blossom end down. After that, as each basketful is put In, the barrel should bo carefully shaken down on that plank. When the packer comes to the top or tho barrel ho evens them off according to tho variety. One variety will press down closer than another, and that is where a little judgment and experience are required. A man must know every variety lie is packing in order to know how many to put in the barrel—whether ho will (ill it to tho chine, an inch above the chine, or further. Then the last row has-to ha placed so as to bo in an oval position bet'oro you put the press on, with the stems up, so that they will press down evenly and level, and afterward on opening the barrel you can not tell at what end you commenced. That Is when a barrel is packed properly and It will carry and carry thoroughly.

Fattening Steers. One of the best ways of fattening steers, says Benton Gabbort, is to commence on good grass with pumpkina The best pumpkins can bo grown by planting between the apple rows where the sun shines. The vines cover tho ground, keep down weeds and are a benefit to tho trees. But I have digressed. Tho stoors soon learn to love them, and a carload of steers will eat a largo wagonload daily. Commence with a llttlo corn with tho pumpkins, increase slowly, for tho steers will oat corn sparingly, until you have them on full feed. When on full feed, lot them; watering trough should bo handy. This Is necessary, a full-fed steer is vory lazy, aud will suffer for water If it is a bad place or far to go, and when ho does go will drink too much. A water founder is tho worst founder, and only happens when water is troublesome to got. The steer must bo kept comfortable—a roomy shed with hay loft above. Hay given each time you feed sparingly, with a dry bed to rest on, makes the model feeding pen. Watering tlio Cows. Cows in full flow of milk must of necessity drink a great deal of water. Therefore warm the water In winter to about 00 to 05 degrees, and then your cows will drink all they want at least once a day. But if water is very cold and the weather cold a cow will go sometimes a day or two without tasting water, and when compelled by thirst to drink will gorge herself with ice wator before sho stops drinking, and for tho balance of tho day will 'stand In the yard rounded up and shivering with the cold. Of course ehe has consumed tho greater part of tho feed given her in tho morning to warm up tho ice water sho drank and has nothing left to produce her usual amount of milk at evening, and without thinking tho dairymjiu will wonder why his cow docs nest give more milk. To-day J. wonder that all those years past I. did not know and realize how much cheaper it is to warm water in cold weather for cattle with wood or coal instead of warmlug with hay and grant

How to Dry Wot Shoes. When, without overshoes, you have been cfiught in a heavy rainstorm, perhaps you have known already what to do with your best kid boots, which have been thoroughly wet through, and which, if left to drv in the ordinary way, will be stiff,brittle, and unlovely? If not, you will be glad to learn what I heard only recently, from one whoso expericfico Is.of value. First wipe off gently with a soft cloth all surface water and mud;thcn, while still wet, rub well with kerosene oil, using for the purpose the furred side of Canton tlaDnel. Set them aside till partiklly dry, when a second treatment with oil is advisable. They may then be deposited in a conveniently warm place, whero they will dry gradually and thoroughly. Before appliyng French kid dressing, give them a final rubbing with the flanel, still slightly dampened with kerosene, and your boots will be soft and flexible as new kid, and very little affected by their bath in the rain.—Harper’s Bazar.

To Preserve Frncepost*. One way—the only one—is to char the posts, but a modern and much better plan is to get a barrel of coal tar from the nearest gas works, pour some of it into a very large kettle under which a brisk but small fire should be kept burning. While the tar is hot dip the end of the |post which is to go into the ground into it Let it drip and lav it on a log until dry, which will be but a few hours. The post is then ready for setting, arid treated in this manner will resist decay for 15 or 20 years. Of course the post must be stripped of the bark before it is dipped in the tar. The Beet-Root Sugar Industry. The Watsonville Beet Sugar Factory in California is the largest of the three factories in that State. It has a capacity of 800 tons of beets per day and 1,000,000 pounds of sugar per week. Nearly 200 men are employed in working the beets into suger. The price of beets Is $5 per t*m, and twenty tons per acre is an average yield. One farmer grew 225 acres and cleared SII,OOO after paying all expenses. It takes about four months to work up the crop. In this time *350,000 is paid for beets, *50,000 for wood *50,000 for wages. Mixing Varieties of Fruit. Only a farmer putting up fruit for his own use is justified in placing dis-

ferent kinds in the same barrel. To sell fruit thus mixed destroys the repotation of the seller for fair dealing and injures the market for all fruit of the class There Is more of thie fraudulent mixing of fruit than there should bo. l£ has materially injured the salo of American fruit in England. There the Newtown Pippin is the variety most in favor, and other apples resembling this have been placed in the same barrel. Only fruit from well-known American growers will sell for full price In English markets now. . To Make a Fowl Tender. When it is drawn and stuffed it is wrapped in two thicknesses of brown paper, tightly bound with twine, so that none of the vapor or steam may escape. According to its size and ago, tlio fowl is allowed to cook in $ very hot oven within its envelope olt paper from an hour to an hour and a half. ‘ When the fowl Is taken nut remove the paper, which is to be burned with all the grease it mar contain. The bird is now dredged with Hour, replaced In the oven and hasted every tew minutes with the juice which may (low Into the pan. As soon as it has assumed a deep brown color it is served with a rich gravy. Full-grown pigeons cooked in this manner are said to bo equal to squabs. Hanking lip Cellars. It Is a mistake to suppose that manure Is bettor than earth to bank tho cellar with. Tho common idea is that manure Is warmest, because It will ferment Ijut there is little boating in the quantity used for bunking a collar until warm weather comes, and then the manure becomes an intolerable nuisance. Not even an earth bank outside is needed if a spuce Is enclosed tightly on the inside, reaching from tho top of tho wall to ono or two foot below tho surface of thjr ground outside. Thl» confined air space keeps out cold better than docs anything else. Cold Coming Through Windows. very light henhouso is ploasunt in summer, spring, and fall, but in tho cokleat weather tho single thin plates of glass transfer the inside heat to tho outside atmosphere altogether too rapidly for comfort, or profit. Windows for ptyiltry houses ought to bo doubled In winter. The air space between tho windows will keep out cold, and both glasses being free, from ice will make tho house llghtor than one ice-covered window could do. Glass is not expensive and doubling tho quantity of sash In winter pays lu every way.

All Around tho Farm. More, infinitely more, farm machinery rusts out from exposuro than wears out lu legitimate use.—Western Rural. An orchard that Is not pruned in four or five years becomes so injured that it is almost impossible to get it into proper condition again. Tiie sheep industry seems to bo at a low ebb in some sections. We know of farmers who have been offered as low us 81 per head for good sheep this fall—Now York Independent. Farmers and dairymen should know all advices—whether patented and, peddled or given freely away—to make butter come In half the usuaf time, are humbugs. Good butter cannot be made in double quick time. Ik you are keeping sheep with an oyo to tho valuo of the wool product, you must maintain the animals in an even condition through the winter. (Sheep which are hulf starved will have weak spots in their wool in the spring. A good place to do book farming is around the fireside in the winter evenings. Take up the study of certain crops and learn all that you can about them, and be prepared to put tho knowledge Into practice next spring. Good feet are the foundation, in ipore than one sense, of a good horse. In fact, a good horse can no more stand on bad feet than a gopd house can stand on a bad foundation. Kee that your animal is sound from the ground up. The prices for hatter have been remarkable good this summer, and a good article has found ready sale. In fact, the dairy industry is about the only one that has not felt tho presure of hard times to any great extent— The Independent. The windmill serves many purposes, and after a man once has one on his farm he ever after wonders how he managed to get along without it. It will raise water for stock, grind and chop the feed and irrigate the garden. There are few farms where they will not well repay their cost.

Possible.

A popular English Nonconformist minister was staying with a family in Glasgow while on a visit to that cjtf, whither ho had gone on a deputation from the Wesleyan Missionary Society. At dcsseri, when iuvited to take some fine fruit which he declined, he mentioned to the family a curious circumstance concerning himself—he had never In his life tasted an apple, pear, grape, or any other kind of green fruit. This fact caused considerable amazement to most of the family, but a cousin who was present—a curious' Scotchman of a most practical turn of mind—listened to the statement with great unconcern, and when the various exclamations which it had aroused, subsided, he remarked, dryly: •‘lt’s a great peetv ye hadna been in Paradise, and there miebt na hae been ony fa’. ”

Unsatisfied Curiosity.

Every instructor at Chautauqua I* required to fill out a paper answering a number of necessary and unnecessary questions. One year there was a remarkably handsome male member of the faculty in whom all the girl students were much interested. “Is he married or unmarried?” became an all-absorbing question. Finally some oi 'them had the courage to approach tie college secretary and ask if the files might be looked over. And there the handsome professor anticipating, perhaps, some such investigation, bad recorded his matrimonial pretensions as follows: “Married or single?—Yes.”