Democratic Sentinel, Volume 17, Number 12, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 April 1893 — Page 3

In Sheep's Clothing.

By Capt. Ormond Steele

/CHAPTER XII. Colonel Graham could not have been mu h over 50 years of age, but he ordinarily looked to be 60, and now that he was suffering from a very unnecessary loss of blood, added to great mental anxiety, he might have passed for 70 a' least. His sickness called out a great interest, and the people of the town and the officers of the sea Hawk would have paid him every attention had he permitted it. Dinah’s visit was soon noised abroad, and created no little comment; but, as many of the humbler people, and some of the well-to-do also, hed great faith in her curative skill, it was generally believed that Colonel Graham had summoned her to examine his case. Unlike the majority of his race, Othello was reticent, and though he was pretty well subjected to the pumping prooess, be kept his own and his master’s secrets; the latter had suddenly become very heavy, but, being naturally shrewd, he bore the burden with a dim notion that it would turn out sooner or later to his advantage. His relationship to Dinah was not known outside themselves. The old woman called every man, white, black or red, “son, ” and she was usually called “granny.” Col. Graham could not afford to remain pent up in his room. It was essential that he should be off, yet evident to the doctor and even himself that he would not be able to make the journey overland to New York, for at least two weeks. “I am very anxions,” he said to Dr. Hedges, the day after Dinah’s visit, “to utilize my forced stay here by learning something of the aborigines. I have seen, here in your streets, Uncas, the Montauk chief, and his rarelv be/ u'iful sister, Untilla; if they be fair specimens of the natives, they are a people to be envied.” “They are hardly fair specimens,” said the doctor, who was an authority on Indian matters. “They belong to the royal race, and are descended from the great Wyandauch, with whom our first settlers —my father was one of them—made a treaty for the lands now held by the whites. A trip into the land of the Montauks would do you good; and if you desire to make it, I will see that they give you due care and a proper escort.” “They are hospitable, then?” “Yes, sir; as all brave people are.no matter where you find them.” “I thank you for your offer, and will start at once,” said Graham. He was emphatically a man of action, and so well did he exert himself, that by the early afternoon of that day, he was sitting on a horse, while his servant, mounted on another, led an animal laden with their luggage.

The young chief, Uncas,'being in town that day, was asked by Doctor Hedges to take charge of the colonel and his servant, and he did so with a readiness and grace that would have done credit to an accomplished courtier. Uncas on foot, and, with his long rifle thrown over his shoulder, strode ahead, and he would have kept on, without a halt, had not Colonel Graham stopped in front of Squire Condit’s house. The Colonel was not anxious to meet the Squire again, but on this occasion he could not avoid it, for that gentleman was standing in the road in front of his own house, and looked as if he wanted to be addressed. Approaching the Colonel, and laying his hand on the horse’s mane, the Squire said: “When you spoke to me last, you said there was something you wanted to get Ealph Denham to do, when you would answer a question I asked.” “I am aware of that,” said the Colonel, haughtily. “Well, I am ready.” “But is Capt. Denham here?” “You know he is not.” “Then it is impossible for you to fulfill your part of the condition, so with your permission we shall wait till he returns from New York.” “But you may not be here then.” “How do you know?" “I know but little about your past or present, unfortunately, and that little, I gues3, is not in your favor. You do not wish to speak now. Go on, we shall meet again before you leave, depend on that. ” Squire Condit, with a flushed face, turned toward his house, and the Colonel, followed by Othello, and preceded by the Montauk chief, rode on. “Why, Goodwill,” said Mrs. Condit, who, with her daughter Ellen, Lea Hedges, Valentine Dayton and the old Lieutenant, was looking over the flower garden, now in a most charming bloom, “you look to be excited. Has anything wrong been done to you?” Mrs. Condit had never seen Colonel Graham until his recent visit, and her husband, not caring to tiouble her, or it may be with the belief that one can keep a secret better than two, had never told her his suspicions and dislike of this man, nor hinted that he had ever received money from him for Kalph’s care. Squire Condit had a religious and also a manly hatred of falsehood, but being something of a lawyer he was inolined to caution and diplomacy, and had the skill to parry a direct question without throwing much light on it. “I have no sympathy with people whose curiosity takes them in among peaceful enough people if they are let alone. Some day one of these rich Englishmen will see the land of the Montauks —as did the spies of Joshua in the olden time —and they will conclude that it would make a fine estate and game preserve, and then they will send agents over here, and under 6ome tfumped-up treaty they will get the lands away from our red neighbors,” said the Squire. “Wasn’t that the way grandfather did?” asked Ellen, laughingly. “No, it wasn’t. The treaty with the great Wyandauch was fair, and has not been violated by Montauk or white man. I read it so often when I was a boy that I knew it by all the old spelling. Let me see; it begins: “April the 29th, 1648. “This present writing testifleth an agreement between the worship’ll Theophilus Eaton, Esquire, Governor of the Colony New Haven, and the worship’ll Edward Hopkins, Esquire, Governor of the Colony Cofinecticut, and their Astoyats on the one parte. And Poggatacut, Sachem of Munhausett, Wyandauch, Sachem of Meuntacut, Moniowetow of " Squire Condit would have gone clear through the agreement had not Valentine Dayton interrupted with the exclamation:

“I declare, Squire, your memory is remarkable. Strange how those old Indian names get twisted round from the original.” “Aye, and a pity it is. Now, I could give you some remarkable instances of the mutilation of native words; for instance, there’s Corchake ” Miss Condit mercifully saved the young people from hearing the Squire airing his Indian vocabulary by leading him into the house, on the plea of wanting him to taste her new raspberry vinegar. And so, after all, the Squire was not pumped. In the meantime Colonel Graham followed his guide, and when they had gone out of sight of the settlements the latter dropped back and said: “Here we are in the land of the Montauks, to which I bid you welcome. ” “I thank you,” replied Graham. “You have a beautiful land. How far does it extend to the eastward from here?” “As far as the island extends.” “And you cultivate the soil?” “The women do that,” said the chief, proudly. “Of course, but you have flocks and herds?” “Some, but the deer on the hills are our flocks, and the sword-lish in the sea are our herds. ” “You must lead a happy, independent life. How far is your settlement from here?” “We can reach it before the sun is there,,” replied the chief, pointing his rifle half way down the western sky. They went on with more speed, and early in the afternoon they came to a wooded elevation, from which they had a view to the eastward of a nearly treeless valley, in which were many houses of logs and bark, and beyond which there stretched a great pond that looked as large as an old world lake. To the south a glimpse of the great ocean could be had, while to the north there stretched away the placid blue waters of the Sound. “Does the black woman, Dinah, live here?” asked Graham, as they descended to the valley. “You mean the black priestess?” “Ah—perhaps—yes, I mean the black priestess. ” “There is her house,” said the chief, pointing to a cabin from the clay chimney of which the smoke was rising. “Do you all like her?" “Some do. I do not, though once I did like her,” said the chief. “And why did you change? "Because she was the friend of Ealph Denham.” “Then you do not like Denham?” “I hate him, and should he return and meet me alone, blood will be spilled.” “Why do you hate him?” Before replying, Uncas looked Graham full in the face, and was satisfied that he, too, had no liking for the sailor. “My sister likes him as she does her life.” “Oh, indeed. And you do not wish him to marry your sister?” “No. I wish he would marry Untilla; and leave Lea Hedges to the man who loves her as he never can.” “Ah, I see,’’said the colonel, on whom the light suddenly broke, and he regretted that be did not know of this before. Had he done so, he would have saved Fox —whom he trusted with reluctance—the trouble of making away with Ealph Denham, for here was a man anxious for the work, and amply able, with a little coaching, to carry it out. Uncas’ house differed only in size from the houses of the rest of the tribe; it was, in reality, a number of ordinary houses, connected by covered passage-ways.

Some ot the furniture had been procured from the whites, but the greater part—from which It must not bo inferred that there was a great deal of furniture —was of native manufacture. The chief and his sister bade Graham welcom, and, at the bidding of the former, a number of Indians appeared to take charge ot the horses. One of the houses was set apart for the use of Graham, and a small one adjoining was given to his servant. Women appeared to cook venison and fish before a great fire that was buiit before the chief’s house. Being very weary, Graham lay down in a buckskin hammock after supper, and Uncas, evidently glad to have his guest out of the way, shouldered his rifle and started, with the speed of a man who had an important object in view, for the eastward. After Uncas had gone out of sight of the Montauk village, he sat down on a rock, first taking a careful survey of the surrounding country. He had not been here very long when he heard the quick breathing and quicker steps of one running very fast. He did not look in the direction of tho sounds, but with his rifle across his knees he gazed steadily in the direction of the ocean, now lost to sight, for the first stars were gleaming in the east. “Uncas, I have come from the beacon hill,” said a young Indian, suddenly stopping before the chief and addressing him in the musical language of the Montauks. “The feet of Somonk,” said the chief, “are as the wings of the eagle.” _ “Yes,” replied Somonk, “but to me they are all too slow when they run to do the bidding of my chief.” “Did the white men reach the shore?” “They did. I saw them while yet the declining sun flashed on the headland of Montauk. “They came last night as was agreed?” “That I know not, but the young chief gave me this paper, and told me to hand it to you. ” Uncas had been taught to read and write by an aid clergyman named Bogert, who had taken a great interest in the conversion of the polytheistic Mcntauks. Striking a light with his flint and steel, the young ehief handed the flambeau to Somonk and tkji& opened the paper. it was neither dated norTfpgned, but was written in a large clear hand, and read as follows: “The Captain of the Wanderer will ever look on Uncas, chief of the Montauks, as a friend who is very warm in his heart. When four suns more have set the Wanderer will be at anchor off the beacon headland, a boat will come to the shore, and there Captain Fox will give to Uncas that whicti he promised. “Warriors win as often through silence and secrecy as by valor. “If Uncas helps his friend, he can conquer his enemy, and become master of that which is dear to him as liie.” The chief read this over three or four times, and then asked: “Somonk, can you guide me there in the darkness?” “I can,” was the reply. “How many of them are there?” “Three,” answered Somonk, holding up that number of fingers. “Go on and I will follow.” The chief waved his hand, and Somonk, how completely rested, took the advance. They moved on as silently as shadows. Along valleys and over hills till they could hear the roar of the ocean; and looking down from the rocky heights, they saw Frenauld and two companions (sitting about a Are on the shoze.

CHAPTER Xm. ■ CAVTAIN POX AND HIS OCXS* A happier man than Ealph Denham was the morning he sailed away from Sag Harbor, on the Wanderer, never paced a quarter deck. He was young, handsome and able, but in his joy he gave no thought to these, for vanity held no place in his brave heart But he was ordered to meet the authorities of the province, and he felt certain no sailor who ever left New York harbor had been more' successful than himself. He felt a glow of pride at the sense of a duty well performed, but it is doubtful if this would have elated him so much had the gratification, of what was now the control* ling impulse of his life, been wanting. Lea Hedges had pledged him her lov%* What if her astonished father stammered out objections without clearly defining them; the. young man felt that he could sot them aside, and that the clouds of mystery that enveloped hia origin would be dissipated or forgotten in the glow of a glory that was yet to be his. Ail nature was in harmony with his joyous frame of mind. He had loved the ocean from a boy; but never before did he feel that rapt sympathy that existed between his strongly throbbing heart and the gayly .lashing waters. He had cruise 1 among the Antilles, that gem with iropic growth the breast of the Caribbean, which fringed with beaded emeralds the hem of the old ocean’s mantle; but their remembered beauties wepe rank and garish, compared with the verdant islands which jeweled the hand Long Island Extended in greeting to the mainland. He was pacing the deck, watohing the fishing canoes of the Indians, and recalling a hundred happy days spent with them on these bays, when Captain Fox, who had been issuing commands in a way that showed he was a very thorough sailor, joined him, and said: “I intended going up through the Sound, but as I do not know the channel, hardly caro to risk it with this wind, and so will go outside. It will not make ten minutes’ difference in the time.” “I think I am familiar with every foot of the way up the Sound, and, if you permit me to act as pilot, I shall be happy to seive you in that capacity,” said Ealph. “And that you could do 6o better than any man that ever traversed that route, I am as sure as that we are here; but I could not permit the Captain of the Sea Hawk, that has covered herself with glory, to play pilot for the Wanderer, that has yet a reputation to make in these waters. No, with the southeast wind and the open sea before us, we can make the Narrows before the sun has set,” said Capt. Fox, as he passed his arm through Ealph Denham’s, and began walking back and forth, just as if they were the dearest friends in the world. On th“ part of one, at least, there was a feeling of regard that might in time grow into strong friendship; but on the part of the other there was an incapacity for everything that did not pander to his own avarice or feed his inordinate ambition. |TO BE CONTINUED-!

Poet Carpet-Cleaner.

The poet Tennyson had his little mishap-, just as less gifted mortals do. One afternoon he called on some friends, learned that they were not at home, and decided to leave a note. The housemaid took him to tfie drawing room, and gave him pen, ink and paper. When signing bis name to his polite little missive, Tennyson, by a jerk of the elbow, overturned the ink-bottle; and great was his dismay at seeing a large pool of ink spreading rapidly over his friend’s new white Persian carpet of matchless beauty. Horror-struck he rang the bell. Up ran the servant. “Do please help me!” cried the poet. It happened that the milkman had just left a can of frothing milk at the door, and the intelligent housemaid remembered in the nick of time that new milk, if thrown over wet ink, would remove all traces of the despoiling fluid. Accordingly she overturned the jug upon the large black pool, and with house-flannel and cloths set about rubbing and scrubbing at the stain. Down went Tennyson on his hands and knees, rubbing and scrubbing with his little helpmeet. His agony of mind lest his old friend should knock at the door and suddenly appear on the scene of disaster he often described in later days, declaring that it “reached the infinite.” But with such a good-will did this strange couple work together that every trac« of ink was removed. “Hefe is a 5-shilling piece, my goo 4 girl,” cried the poet, “and God bless you!” With that he seized his hat and made for the door. Some weeks later an invitation to dine with his friends reached Tennyson. He went: and the carpet was in no way alluded to on either side.

No Sentence.

A French gentleman who visited Dalmatia in Austro-Jlungary tells how he unconsciously posed as a native dignitary. He visited the police court of Zara, the capital of the country, one day to take some sketches of the Dalmatian peasants who had been summoned from neighboring villages as witnesses in a case that was being tried. Among others he sketched two fine-looking old women. Each wore on her head a large, snow-white, turban trimmed with red ribbons, and great braids of false hair tied with green ribbons. Their broad silver girdles were ornamented with uncut joweis. Theysl jod with their hands clasped, motionless, and apparently frightened about something, I could not tell what. Later the judge called me to him, and told me that the two old peasants who had posed for me an hour, with such apparent good-will, had come tq him to make a complaint. They had solemnly related how “a m anhad kept them standing an hour, looking at them sternly and writing all the time, and finally that he had given them each a florin, but had not passed sentence on them.” The two poor old women had thought that I was a judge, and that while I was studying them to catch the expression of their faces and the pose of their heads, I was trying to read their hearts and discover if there were any guilt on their conscience-.

Women Lawyers in Ontario.

The province of Ontario has decided to admit women to the practice of law in the Dominion of Canada. A committee has been appointed to prepare rules for the admission of women, and Miss Clara Brett Martin, who recently graduated at the Toronto University, is now admitted as a member of the Law Society.

Grimalkin to the Front.

A pedlgrep book of high-bred catshaa just eeec issued in England.

LETTER TO CLEVELAND

TARIFF REFORM DISCUSSED BY MR. SHEARMAN. Specific Button Are a Device of Manufacturers to Obtain Increasing; Protection— They Oppress the Poor uiul Are Tools of Corruption. Ad Valorem Dutle. Sound In Theory. By xtutual agreement Mr. Thomas G. Shearman is addressing, through the New York Times, a series of letters to President Cleveland on the subject of tariff reform. Former letters dealt with the necessity for radical reduction of duties in accordance with the Chicago platform; the great benefits to the producers of cotton, grains, and meats of lower duties on what must be Imported in exchange for these products; the present extraordinary expenditures due to new pension legislation; the connection between excessive duties and a demand for cheap money; the reasons, political and moral, way sugar, coffee, and tea should not be taxed; and the necessity for the removal of old rather than the imposition of any new duties. Mr. Shearman Is one of the oldest students of the subject of taxation, and because of his long experience as a customs attorney, bis exceptional ability, and his sympathy with the tax-burdened masses, his opinions have come to have great weight with all earnest thinking men. His sixth letter deals with the kind of duties tha,t should be levied. It contains perhaps the most cottcise statement in favor of ad valorem duties ever made. His position is absolutely impregnable. The subject is so little understood and of such vital importance that we reproduce below the entire letter: Dear Sih —One of the most Important questions to be deoided in framing a tariff—probaAy the most Important question of more method—is: Shall duties be speoiflc or ad valorem, or a little of both? In other words, shall taxes on goods be proportioned to their value or to their weight and measure? The answers of all tax-eaters to this question are practically unanimous. Public officials whose duty it is to collect taxes prefer speoiflo duties, because It is vastly easier to weigh goods and oharge so muoh a pound than it is to aeoortain their true value and assess them in proportion to that. Protected manufacturers prefer speoiflc duties, because it is easy, in this manner, to tax the people 100 per oent. for firivate gain in cases where 60 per oent, openly evled on values would not be tolerated. They prefer such duties booaußO, as we shall presently show, these duties have a self-acting power of oonstantly-lnoreasing taxation, until, after the lapse of a few years, suoh duties become prohibitory and secure to the domestic manufacturer a monopoly, so that, in multitudes of cases, that which was intended as a proper revenue duty, and was suoh whon enacted, soon produces no revenue to tho public, while it extorts enormous tribute from the masses for the benefit of a small class of capitalists. They prefer speoiflo duties, for the very reason whfoh should make such duties a crime—because they fall more heavily upon articles used by the poor than upon those used by the rich. Not that these gentlemen have any animosity toward the poor or any desire to increase the amount which the poor shall pay to the Government. They have ifc suoh unbusinesslike motives. -But experience has taught them that the poorer classes afford a market vastly more valuable, taken altogether, than which can be found among the rich, whose nnmber is so small as to make their consuming power, as a class, unimportant to most manufacturers, Specific duties, under which the poor man’s coat and hat arc taxed precisely as much as those of the rich man, worth five times as muoh, Inevitably prohibit importations of goods suitable for the poor, and thus give to the home manufacturers a monopoly of their supply. No wonder that those manufacturers are enthusiastic advocates of specific duties.

Many Importers, however, are advocates of the same system for different reasons. It is, undoubtedly, difficult to ascertain the predso values of many articles, and, therefore, honest and conscientious importers often find that, under a system of heavy ad valorem duties, their dishonest rivals, by making a few false oaths as to value, pay less tax upon the same kind of articles, and so can undersell them. Severe penalties are Imposed for such offenses, but so long as the reward of crime is great such risks will be taken. None of these reasons, however, suffices to justify speoiflo duties. The ease and convenience of public servants are not to be consldereerfor a moment against the demand* of justice and equal rights. The reasons whv protected manufacturers prefer Buch duties aro the very reasons why such duties Bhould not be tolorated. There Is no rcspeocablo argument in favor of speoiflc duties, except that whloh is assigned by importers—the danger of undervaluation and the consequent advantages of dishonest competition In trade. Let us begin, then, with this argument. We are practical men, and therefore proceed to a practical test. The first and all-sufficient answer to the argument for specific duties, as a necessity to prevent frand, Is that the experience of eighty years of effort in this direction proves that it Is Impossible to prevent such frauds by such means. For more than sixty of the last eighty years, the National Government has been in the hands of men who have taxed their Ingenuity to devise specific duties, as a means of preventing fraud, and the only result has been a continual Increase In the clamor about frand, and a development of new frauds under specific dutieathemselves. Moreover, at the end of all this incessant effort to make duties specific, when twenty different Congresses have sought with Intense zeal to abolish all ad valorem duties, so far as they dared to do it, what do we find? Far more than one-third of all the revenue collected from ad valorem duties, and more than half of all enumerated articles admitted under ad valorem rates! The tariff of 1883 was the culminating effort ot the specific fanatics; and yet 38 per cent, of all the revenue under that act was collected on ad valorems, while only 590 artioles were subjected to purely specific rates, against 789 which were dutiable ad valorem In whole or in part. A clear majority was taxed upon a purely ad valorem basis. Such an example of dead failure affords an excellent instance for tho application of the old rule: “That which never was never ought to be.” Let us now consider the reasons for a uniform ad valorem system. In the first place, it has existed once, and therefore it can exist again. It was in force from 1846 to 1801, and it worked better than any other system ever put into practioe. It is universally conceded to be sound in theory and absolutely just in principle. If all values were correctly stated, taxation upon that basis would be Ideally perfect. No one proposes for a moment to tax every house alike, or to tax land by the square foot instead of the market yalue. F.very Intelligent man knows that assessors make gross errors in valuation of real estate, but no human being proposes to interfere with the ad valorem principle in local taxation. The idea of taxing the poor man’s acre in Kansas, worth *2O, as much as the rioh man’s acre in New York City, worth *2,000,000, would be so monstrous that no one would venture to mention it. Yet the principle is precisely the same with that which taxes a yard of cloth worth 50 cents as much as another yard worth *6. Specific duties always and inevitably bear very heavily npon the poor and very (ightlv upon the rich. This is their conclusive Condemnation. No matter what may be the loss of the Government by evasions of taxes—no matter what may be the loss of honest importers by the frauds of their rivals—nothing can justify the wholesale robbery of the poorer classes, which is inherent in every system of tax by mere weight or measure. So powerful is this, consideration that even the unscrupulous Congress of 1890 did not dare entirely to disregard it. They did as all previous Congresses have done—they combined all the iniquities of both the specific and the ad valorem systems. They piled up heavy taxes per pound or yard to make the bnrden of the poor greater than that of the rioh; and then, to balance this monstrous wrong, they added heavy ad valorem duties, so as to give dishonest importers all the advantage over their honest rivals which an exclusive ad valorem system could give them. Then, to rectify the frauds, which were certain to multiply under such a tariff, they prescribed a schedule of oaths or statements so complicated and inconsistent that it is utterly impossible for the mr.jority of importers to carry on business at all without telling lies with every invoice. Importers are regularly compelled to make positive statements as to matters concerning which they have not. and cannot have, any knowledge, information, or belief. Finally, judges arc appointed to pass upon this evidence, who threw it all out of the window, and proceed to decide each case upon backstairs whisperings or their own infallible consciousness. Among the device 3 by which the present tariff seeks to avoid the gross injustice of specific duties is the Increase of such duties according to increase of valne in the article taxed. Thus, in siany articles of iron and steel, as well as m wools and woolens, the specific daty rises with the cost of the goods. Stockings of cot ■ on, which are valued at 60 cents a dozen, are taxed 82 cents; bnt, if tbey are worth 61 ceDf s, they are taxed 68 cents. These which are i orth *2 are taxed *1.10; If worth *3.06, they ire taxed *1.57. Similar provisions appear as to cutlery, steel Ingots, bars, etc., and many cl her articles. The enormous temptation offered by such laws to undervaluation is man iest at a glance. By swear-

tag down th« price i cents a fat df. *T cent* ft one case or 47 cents In another may he coadeil. No pnrely ad valorem tan 1 * offers eno- tenth of the inducement to false invoices wMeb 1» offered by such laws as these. Moreover, such regulations fart a premium npon the degradation of goods eo the bordei line. By lowering the quality of a pair ol stockings from 17 cents to I#, thev can be honestly sold in our market at a price 8 cents lower. Accordingly, It Is notorious that the quality of these artioles has been greatly degraded since the new tariff took effeot. Speoiflc duties on manufactured goods have a self-acting tendency to Increase the burdens of the people and tne power of extortion by home manufacturers. Manufacturing processes are continually improving, and the cost of production continually grows loss. But the specific duty remains the same. Thus, when the duty of S2B was imposed upou steel rails In 1870, it was, and was intended to be, only the equivalent of the ad valorem duty of 43 per cent, ad valorem. But oonstant Improvements in manufacturing methods reduced the cost in Europe so much that In less than five years this duty became a tax of nearly 100 per cent, ad valorem, and was absolutely prohibitory. The same thing has happened in equal or little less degree in hundreds of other instanoes. Thus duties, which at first were laid purely for revenue purposes, become first highly protective and finally prohibitory. They are | gradually perverted, by automatic action, from fulfilling their only justifiable purpose, that of providing revenue tor the public good, into forced contributions for private profit, and finally into mere engines of monopoly anu extbitlon. Sinoe. then, specific duties in most oases are impossible; since they are in all oaees unjust, unequal, and oppressive; since they increase the burdens of poverty and lessen the burdens of wealth; since they offor even greater temptations to fraud than other dntieß, and since they insidiously increase tho burdens of taxation aud stealthily diminish the public revenue to increase the trlhute levied bv Individuals upon tne masses, they should not bo tolerated In any case except one. The ono exception Is where artioles are imported which, if produoed hero, would be subject to a speoltto Internal revenue tax. Suoh artioles must, of course, be taxed upon the same footing with similar domestic articles. Spirits and malt liquor* should therefore pay tho Internal revenue tax, In addition to such ad valorem duty as will produoe the moßt rovonue. This, however, ts not a real exception to the rule as to the tariff, because these artioles are govornod by tho Internal revenue system, concerning which wo have nothing at present to do. Opium should pay the Internal revenue tax, and nothing else. The Internal tax upon wines and tobacco Is so small that It can easily he allowed for in ad valorem rates. An ad valorem tariff is the only ono which Is sound In theory; and long experleuoo has proved that It is, after all allowance Is made for its faults, tho fairest and most honest In practlco. It has grave faults. It Is true; but those faults are Inherent and unavoidable In every tariff. All taxes upon merchandise or production, whether domestlo or foreign, arc Inevitably vicious, unequal, unjust, and corrupting. Under an ad valorem tariff somo sow hundred business men suffer inoonvenlence and lobs. Under a specific tariff the samo classes suffer half as much Inconvenience, while millions of our peoplo suffer enormous losses. Bad as smuggling is, It is far better to endure some smuggling by undervaluations than It is to deprive millions of the comforts, or even luxuries, of life through tho stealthy and snaky oppressions of specific dutlcß. Yours very respectfully, Thomas G. shearman. Tho Hon. Grover Cleveland.

Blessings of Commerce.

The inhabitants of the various sections of the world produce for each other. The temperate zones, for instance, exchange tho commodities they can produce most easily and cheaply for the product that can be best produced in a warmer climate. This exchange of products, or commerce, not only gives employment to thousands upon thousand of hands, but brings it about that tho people of the various sections can better satisfy their wants by being enabled to procure what they themselves cannot produce at all, or could produce only at the expense of a great deal of time and labor. Tills great expenditure of time and labor would, of course, make the desired products not only dearer, but In many cases, such as, for instance, tropical fruits and vegetables that had to be grown In hot houses, so dear that only tho very rich would be ablo to enjoy them. But commerce, in order to bo efficient, has need of means of communication and transportation. Where such facilities are entirely lacking, no commerce can exist. Where they are very efficient, commerce will he facilitated,and products of all kinds and of every clime will not only be abundant but oven cheap, so that they can come within tho reach of everybody. Improved means of communication and transportation, because they bring the various sections of the globe closer together by shortening distances, have cheapened production and brought about tho lowering of rents of all natural agents as land and mines In the more thickly settled old countries, where no socalled protective system prevented tho free importation of tho products of other hands. The superior advantages of transportation during the past half century have brought «the old and new, countries so close together that the virtual monopoly in the soil and Its products, by land owners has been broken, and landlords, etc., in those old countries are compelled to accept much lower rents than when the facilities for intercourse were much inferior. and the cost of transportation consequently much higher. And who have been benefited by it? The Inhabitants of the old countries. For the cheaper agricultural rents are, the less product goes to the landlord, and the more to the laborer. This is plainly to be seen in Gjyeat Britain, where, It is said, about forty years ago, the landlord received as rent for his land more than one-half of what it produced, while at present, owing to the removal of prote;tive duties, and the efficient, quick and cheap means of transportation, he hardly averages one-fourth of Its product in the shape of rent. The landowners have lost, but the British people have gained immensely. It may be well here to recall that international commerce is nothing but barter upon a grand scale, and that the products which one section buys of another section are paid for In commodities and very seldom in money. People do not produce for the sake of getting money, but only to obtain commodities to satisfy their wants. As money, however, is the payment, In most instances, for work done, it must be plain that the more productive a country W, the more money it will possess and the more money Its laborers will receive as wages. High money wages, therefore, can never cause high prices of commodities, and low money wages are never conducive to cheapening the prices of commodities. Low money wages are a consequence of small productiveness, or rents, or both combined. High "fooney wages can only be paid where there is a laige product and little of it goes to non-producers. For those reasons the high-paid Englfsh workman has nothing to fear from the competition of his low-priced confreres on the continent of Europe, and for the same reasons the American workmen need have no fear that free trade will bring down the American wages to the level of English wages.—Dingman Versteeg, in Tariff Reform. Ff.w persons understand the cause of their own failures. Judging other affairs as they do their own, they could not tell why a barrel Is empty when it has a hole in the bottom.—Century.

TO WIN SUCCESS.

Do That Well tor Which You Are Bert Fitted. Success in marriage, business and in the affairs of life generally doe# not come by chance. There are certain elements which, properly combined, as certainly produce success as the combination of certain gases produce water. That old and yet generally accepted notion that success is a matter of lock, or a special gift of Providence, has not a leg to stand on any more. In a sense, it is a special providence, because all blessings come from Providence, and when success comes specially to any person it is in a sense a special providence. The successful business man Is a specialized creature. Some of his schoolmates may know more about mathematics, others about astronomy, and others about language than he does, and all because their tastes and inclinations differ from his.Likewise he differs from them and possesses something they never had, and probably can never acquire. His tastes run in a certain direction, and run so si.rqngly that his vital energy hows In that same direction. The result Is that ho becomes a successful business man, while his classmates follow their tastes and drift into various callings, but a lack of vital energy, or something, preveuts them from achieving success. A combination of certain elemonts produces a definite kind of character, and this determines a man’s place in life. Some of these elements are natural and others are acquired, so that Itjis as much the fault of the individual, or his ancestors, that he does not succeed as it is the fault of nature. There are somo persons born into the world so out of balance, or made up of such poor material, that they never can succeed In anything; but these are so few and far between that they may almost be ranked with freaks. The average failure In life Is owing to Improper training or neglect to niako the most out of the material.— Pittsburg Commerclal-Gazetto.

FAMOUS GERMAN BANDS.

Two Now Rehearsing In Berlin Preparatory to Coining to the Fair. Two of the most famous military bands In Germany are coining to the World's Fair. These hands aro to appear in the Gorman village, on Midway l’laisance, and give concerts frequently duriug tho day. They are the llower of tho German army. Bo-

fore any of tho musicians accepted they had to submit to a rigid examinition, conducted by the royal army hand inspector, G. Itossberg; tho royal court musician, J. Kosleck; the royal musical .director, E. Ruschoweyh; cavalry band master, G. Horrold.und .other eminent musicians. The last two

HERR E. RUSCHEWEYH.

named gentlemen were engaged as leaders of the bands. In the brilliant uniforms of the German army theso famous musicians will give frequent concerts at the Fair. E. ltuschoweyh, cue of the c inductors, Is famous beyond the

frontiers of Gerumny. He has conducted the Tivoli concerts for fifteen years. Herr Ruscheweyh looks hack upon a military career of more than thirty years. Herr Herrold, master of the cavalry hand,has served in that capacity for twonty yeais. From' 1881 to 1885 he was attached t o tho Royal

Music Academy at Berlin. Royal Court Musician Kosleck, who Is also coining, has taken charge of the exercises of tffie old historic trumpet music upon the antique valveless trumpets. This sort of music was, by special order of the Emperor, Introduced In several cavalry regiments oi the Prussian army.

GRESHAM’S SUCCESSOR.

Judge Jenklm, of Milwaukee, Named foi tlie Circuit Court. Judge James G. Jenkins, of Milwaukee, is Secretary Gresham’s suc-

cessor to the bench of the Seventh Circuit Court, which was made vacant by his accepting the portfolio of the Secretary of State. Judge Jenkins has latterly been Judge of the Eastern District of Wisconsin.

Judge Jenkins’ appointment waj recommended not only by the Wisconsin bar, but by the Senators and Democratic members of the House from Wisconsin. Judge James G. Jenkins, who is a cousin of General Worth, of Mexican war fame, was born at Saratoga Springs, New York, Jan. 18, J 834. His mother was the eldest child of Reuben 11. Walworth, the last Chancellor of New York State, and a jurist of national reputation. Mr. Jenkins was educated for the bar In his own State, and in 1855 was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States. He went to Wisconsin in 1857, and for many years was a successful practitioner there. He succeeded Judge Andrew J. Miller, on his death, on the bench of the United States District Court In 1885. Emerson's Advice to a Daughter. Finish every day and be done with It. For manners and for wise living it is a vice to remember. You have done what you could; some blunders and absurdities no doubt crept in; forget them as soon as you can. Tomorrow is a new day; you shall begin it well and sereneiy and with too high a spirit to be cumbered with your old nonsense. This day for all that is good and fair. It is too dear, with its hopes and invitations, to waste a moment on the rotten yesterdays. He Escaped. “Sir,” questioned an irate female shopper, as she pounced upon a small man who was pacing the store, “are you the floor walker?” “N-n-no, ma’am,” he gasped, “I-I’m o-o-ouly the p-p-proprietor. ” —Detroit Free Press.

JUST GLANCE OVER THIS

AND ASCERTAIN ALL THE LATE INDIANA NEWS. A Catalogue of the Weak'* Important Oeourronooa Throughout tho State— Fires, Accidents, Crimes, Suicides, Eta Minor State News. A yotjng man named William Draka was found dead In his chair at Marietta. The 5-yoar-old son of Mr. Roger near Wabash, was fatallv injured in a runaway. The annual school oratorical contests of Montgomery County will be held at Crawfordsvllle April 2a, William Baland, a prominent business man of Mitchell, dted of pneumonia, after a two weeks’ illness. Eight indictments have been filed against Peru business men for selling tobacco and cigarettes to children. Tiik thirteen farmers 'arrested for White-capping in Perry County represent nine of the wealthiest men in tho State. Fletcher Valentine, aged 23, a laborer employed at Gaar, Scott & Co.’s, in Richmond, fell thirty-five feet down a hatchway. He cannot recovor. The South Bend City Council has passed an ordinance making it a misdemeanor to “throw banana and orange peelings, melon rinds, eta, on tho sidewalks, cross walks or bridges.” Never before In the history of Bedford has so much activity been displayed in church revivals. The Methodist, Christian, Presbyterian, and Baptist churchos are ail holding a series of meetings. The Supreme Court has decidod that Frankfort must pay tho amount that was voted to the Frankfort and State Line Railroad in 1877 by Center Township. The amount has increased to »40,000. William Parson, a young man 23 years old, was terribly mangled by falling against a Circular saw which he was operating at a point in tho south part of Martin County, four miles east of Altordsvlllo. Ciiaiu.es Biokkl, aged 10, was fatally burned In Kelly Brothors’ foundry, Goshon. Ifo was carrying a ladle of molton Iron from the furnuco to b flask, when ho slipped and fell, tho hoatod Iron running over his loft sldo, which was literally cooked. Noma Manchester, In Wabash County, Is to have a system of water works with sixty-four lire hydrants, flvo miles of mains, the largest being twelve inches, a standpipe 110 feet high and engines with a pumping capacity of 750,000 gallons per day oi twenty-fbur hours. Orders havo been Issued from the Adjutant-Gonoral’s office, forming all the organized regiments and companies of tho Indiana Legion Into tho First Brigade. Col. It. J. McKee has been promoted to Brigadier-General, and assigned to tho command of the brtgade thus constituted. Henrv Pierson, a 9-yoar-old school boy, caught on behind a carriage on Second Strnot, Vlncunnos. The boy’s foot ran In the wheol and tho leg was ground entirely off beroro the driver could realize the situation. The foot and ankle was picked up several feet away. Tho boy cannot live. A committee of La Porto cltlzons vlsltod tho surrounding country for the purposo of examining tho condition of the growing wheat, and after* making careful and thorough Inspection reported that thero will be half a crop, tho plant being badly wlntor killed, especially in high and oxposod places, where tho snow did not lay on tho ground. Henrv Stump, a well-known farmer living eight miles from Goshen, was terribly (Injured by falling on a drag wood saw which was propelled by steam. One sldo of his face was stripped, a hoavy Incision made In tho skull at the back of tho bead, und several severe fracture of bones and other brulsos were sustained. His recovery Is doubtful. If there had before been any doubt of the Justice of tho claim of the Lowman family of Wabash County, to a sharo of tho Immense estate left by Henry Yesler, tho dead millionaire of Seattlo, Wash., that doubt has boon dispelled. Prosecuting Attorney A. 11. Plummer, employed by tho Wabash heirs, went to Seattle two weeks ago to look after tjbo Interests, of bis clients, recently a letter was received from him stating that it was now conceded that Mr. Yesler left no will, that the conspiracy to convict Mrs Yeslor of having destroyed the will had failed aud that tho property, which it will require two yoars to convert, will bo distributed according to tho law of descent among the relatives of Mr. Yesler. Mr. Plummer says that the Wabash people—six in number, will havo at loast 9200,000 to divide among them, with the probability of their share largely exceeding this sum. ' Patents havo been granted to Indians inventors as follows; Allen C. Brantingbam. assignor to Nordyko & Marmon Company, Indianapolis, feedor for mills; Harry A. Curnfer, Mishawaka, revolving die head; David V. Garrison, Remington, portable hay dorrick; William E. B. Harris, Vincennes, clothes dryer; William M. Hewitt, Sharptowr., plow or cultivator tooth; Glen G. Howe. Indianapolis, assignor to Ewart Manufacturing Company, Chicago, chain; Anthony Kebl, assignor to Roots and Hoineman, Connorsville, clock movement; Georgeß. Kendrick, Portland, steam pump; John M. Cramps, New Albany, assignor to W. C. DoPauw Company, Indiana, apparatus for recovering sand used in glass grinding and polishing; Andrew Kr'eger, assignor toE. C. Atklds&Ca, Indianapolis, saw; Samuel J. Murray, assignor to National Card Company, Indianapolis, packing case for cards, etc; David Myers, North Manchester, stove-pipe thimble; Isaiah Knightlngale, Evansville, attachment for guitars, mandolins, zithers, or other stringed instruments; James R. Sturgeon, Churubusco, check-rein guide; Clarence B. Wisner, Lowell, perforating apparatus. The Coroner has caused the arrest of Joseph Pigg of Terre Haute, on the charge of murder. Recently the 4-montbs-old child of his step-mother was found dead in bod. The mother and the elder Plgg had lived apart several times, and the father and son had been known to say they doubted the paternity of the child. The son had also made threats. The night before the death of the child, young Pigs prepared a dose of some mixture aod gave it to the baby. He threatened other cblldron who saw him to keep them from telling what they had seen. The body of the child will be exhumed and an autopsy held. Thomas Collins of Shelbyvllle, went to bed as well as usual the other night, but awakened vomiting about midnight He was very sick, and displayed signs ol poisoning. A physician was hastily summoned, and in searching for evidence the family coffee pot was found smeared with paris green. The members of the family claim not to know how the poison came in the house or anything about it. John Pease, a younir man, until recently a student in the Bloomington cob lege, was Instantly killed by the bursting of a circular saw Id Kellogg’s mill A piece of the saw all most beheaded him. He had only engaged to work a few day* instead of a regular employe.

HERR G. HERROLD.

JUDGE JENKINS.