Democratic Sentinel, Volume 17, Number 6, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 24 February 1893 — Page 5

SOMEWHAT STRANGE.

ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS OF EVERY DAY LIFE. Queer Facta and Thrilling Adventures Whleh Show That Truth Is Stranger Thau Fiction. Thr German village of Grambke is greatly excited over a case of persistent somnolency in the person of the daughter of one of the town officials. The girl, a pretty, slender child of some thirteen years of age, has been in a continual sleep since the second week in May, and even now does not show the least trace of arousing from her protracted slumber. During the first week of her enforced sleep the family seemed grieved to the verge of distraction and all was mourning in the house where the child lay in the embrace of “death’s twin brother.” After awhile, however, when it was noticed that she would swallow liquid nourishment, theii fears for her safety seemed to abate to a certain degree, and now, after a lapse of more than half a year, the family go about their daily labors as if the little maid were realty dead and half forgotten. Highest medical authorities have been consulted, but all efforts to keep her awake have resulted in total failures. A factory for the manufacture of petrified human corpses has, it is alleged, been discovered in Fresno, Cal. At least four petrified people are said to have been manufactured and shipped to museums from this place, it may be remembered that a petrified man created considerable talk in Utah last fall. and that reports of the curiosity were printed in Eastern papers. The thing was seen by natural history experts and pronounced a fraud, but it netted considerable money for the “miners” who discovered it. The objects were very carefully made, the bones of the arms and legs being hollowed out, and in one case one arm and a foot was broken off to show the internal structure. The fake factory, it as said, stole a genuine mummified man, a dried body found on the plains, from the Health Officer of Fresno, fixed it up a little, and shipped it to a museum in the East.

Within a mile or two of D :wittev|lle, 3S. Y., Jive two old maiden ladies, Misses Lucinda and Martha Skinner, respectively seventy-four and seventy-six years old, who have lived together for the past forty-seven years without speaking to each ether. The two inherited the house in which they reside from their father in 1842, and quarreling a year or two after, divided households, though remaining under the same roof. Each has done her own cooking and waits an herself even in illness, never entering the rooms occupied by the other—in fact, leading as separate lives as if dwelling, in different counties. Neither ever speaks of the other, and no explanation has ever been made as to the quarrel that occasioned this peculiar family arrangement, though the neighbors declare that the cause was a disagreement over a stewpan, worth perhaps fifty cents.. Both sisters are worth in their own right over SIO,OOO. E. L. Wakeman, the American newspaper man, gives a bit of his London experience as follows: u ln London and other British cities the American will' notice little signs at street-corners, in crowded, narrow thoroughfares, in parkways and at all sudden turnings traversed by vehicles, reading. ‘Keep to the left.’ Some years ago when I first noticed this it worried me. I wanted to understand it, and, like a true American, perhaps protest about it a little. I approached a London policeman, with the earnest inquiry : ‘Beg pardon, officer, but might I ask why, in London, everything goes' “To the left”f Like one of Mrs. Jarley’s figures, his head moved stately. He regarded me one awful official moment with contemptuous pity. His head moved back again. Then, with withering scorn, he answered: ‘An’ w’j shouldn’t it?’ I had never thought of that.”

The inaccuracy of women with regard to their age is the subject of some curious testimony by a French President of Assize. The only instances in which he finds correct dates given by women ore when they are under twenty-five or over eighty-five. At these periods of life, he says, they are to be trusted. At all other periods the sure controlling tendency is to understate. The magistrate has been able to give a rule for guidance. He finds that female prisoners invariably state their ages as twenty-nine, thirtynine, forty-nine or fifty-nine, and from this remarkable circumstance be deduces his rule. If their ages are in the forties they boldly set them down in thirties, but, conscience asserting itself, they keep as near the truth as they can and fix them at thirty-nine. Not many months ago an account was received from Russia of the bringing to life by means of the application of electricity of a patient who had apparently died from the effects of lightning stroke. A resuscitation of a different character, although by the same agency, has just been effected in Scotland. A man who was bathing was seized with cramps and sank, being two minutes below water. For some time after he was rescued life was thought to be extinct. An electrical apparatus was procured, and the current was passed between the nape of the neck and the heart. Within a very short time animation was restored aud the man soon recovered.

A couple of weeks ago, says a Glasgow paper, a man in that city was so carried away by the “Yum-Yum’’ trio in the performance of The Mikado that, lacking a bouquet with which to express his admirat'on for the young singers, he pulled a whiskey bottle out of bis pocket and hurled it on the stage. He had previously emptied the flask. But this was not regarded as an extenuating circumstance by the magistrate, who sentenced him to thirty days’ imprisonment for the offence. Pitti Sing, who was struck on the knee by the admirer’s tribute, is at present in the Glasgow hospital. The ocean mariner dreads a derelict and is grateful when our government gets fresh track of these dangerous old vagrants and tells the marine world about where they drift. Tnere is one ship wandering around that has become famous. She is the American steamer Wyer G. Sirgent, abandoned March 31, 1831, laden with S2O,COD worth of mahogany. She was from Mexico bound for New York. She has already drifted sine? being abandoned off Cape Hatteras over 5,000 miles. IT seems very strange that people will persist in keeping pets that are dangerous to their own lives and the lives of those about them. One of the latest of such cases to comt :o the front is that of the Dells, of Cripple Creek, Col., who recently brought a young mountain lion from their ranch to their home there, and kept him chained in a kennel in the yard. The other day some little children were playing about near where the lion was lying before his kennel, and one of them * four-year-old boy, ran up close

to the savage beast. In a moment the lion was upon him, and before the- baby could be rescued he was horribly mangled by the animal’s teeth and claws. The beast was killed, and the Dells have been arrested. As interesting variety of the widely diffused “lost mine” mysteries is engaging the attention of prospectors in the region around Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, Hex. A burro (donkey) loaded with SA,OOO worth of bar silver started as one of a train from a mine near Pueblo Nuevo for Durango. Somehow it became detached from the train among the mountains and, unobserved, wandered away. All the efforts of the drivers and guards to find the burro and the silver have so far failed, although their vigorous search for it has been joined by the prospectors and the people generally in the vicinity. Practical railroad men account it a great triumph that they have knocked out the old theory that every engineer must have his own pet engine and must not be asked to run any other. Until only a few years ago this was the rule even on the greatest roads. Each engineer grew accustomed to and fond of an engine and believed he could get good work out of it, while a stranger to it would be sure to have the same trouble that he would expect with a strange engine. That is all changed now, and engineers are expected to leave their sentimental notions at home and take out whatever engine they are assigned to. A citi7.es of La Grande, Wash., had his attention drawn, in some unexplainable way, to a watch which a stranger, standing on the depot platform, drew from his pocket. He asked to be allowed to examine it, and exclaimed that it was his brother’s watch. The stranger told how he took the watch from the pocket of a Union soldier whose body he helped to bury after one of the battles of the civil war, over twenty-six years ago. The La Grande man dearly identified the watch as the one his brother wore when he set out for the front.

The heavy snow falls brought calamity in a curious way to the Chiuese pheasants that are to be found in some parts of the Northwest. The sleet and snow stuck to their long tails in such a way that the birds were unable to fiy. The country boys saw their opportunity and captured the birds by dozens. The birds are said to be worth $lO a pair alive and in good condition, and tliree boys in one family in Oregon caught nearly three dozen. A delegation of ladies of the W. C. T. U. visited the eounty jail at Canton, Ohio, one day recently, and held religious services. An hour after they left, William Green, who was committed for larceny, hanged himself to his cell door. He left a note saying that the prayers of the visitors had affeeted him, and that hie awakened conscience could not bear the contemplation of his own wickedness. Among the wilder tribes of the Caucasus every child is taught to use the dagger almost as soon as he can walk. The children first learn to stab water without making a splash, and by incessant practice acquire extraordinary command over the weapon. A peculiar Siamese-twin pair of pheasants was shot, on the wing, by a sportsman near Bellefonte, Penn., a few days ago. Both birds wtre perfectly developed, and were connected by a fleshy link, half an inch thick, just in front of the wings.

POPULAR SCIENCE NOTES.

Mind Conversation. —Mr. W. H. Preece, chief engineer and electrician to the postoffice, has put up a wire a mile long on the coast near Lavernock and a shorter wire on Flatholm, a little island three nriles off in die British Channel. He fitted the latter wire with a “sounder” to receive massages and sent a message through the former from a powerful telephonic generator. That message on the mainland was distinctly heard on the island, though nothing connected the two, or, in other words, the possibility of a telephone between places unconnected by wire was conclusively established. There is a possibility here of inter-planetary communication a good deal more worthy attention than any scheme for making gigantic electric flashes. We do not know if we can eommunicate by telephone through the ether to New York or Melbourne, with or without cables, but we do know that if we cannot the fault is in our generators and sounders and not in any prohibitory natural law. Will our habitual readers bear with us for a moment as we wander into another, and, as many of them will think, a supersensual region? The thought in a man’s brain which causes him to advance his foot must move something in doing it, or how could it be transmitted down that five or six feet of distance? If it moves a physical something, internal to the body, why should it not move also something external, a wave, as wc all agree to call it, which on another mind prepared to receive it—fitted with asounder, in fact—will make an impnet having all the effect in tlie conveyance of suggestion, or even of facts of the audibility of words? Why, in fact, if one wire can talk to another without connection, save through ether, should not mind talk to mind without any wire at allT None of us understand accurately, or e\ei as yet approximately, what the conditions are; but many of us know for certain that they have occasionally, and by what we call accident, been present to particular individuals, and that, when present, the communication is completed without cables, and mind speaks to mind independently of any machinery not existing within itself. Why, in the name of scienoe, is that more of a miracle, that is. an occurrence prohibited by immutable law, than the transmission of Mr. Preece’s message from Lavernock to to Flatholm?—[London Spectator. About Aerolites. - Many of the meteors that have fallen to the earth have been subjected to chemical auatysis. They are composed of elements all of which occur on the earth. There are seventy elements on the earth and twenty-four of them have been found in meteors. The produce of a shower of meteors may be divided into meteoric iron and meteoric stone, the latter being of volcanic origin. Not infrequently the fall of meteors is attended by a loud detonation. History records instances of considerable damage having been done to life and property by the descent of these bodies. A Chinese catalogue recites that a meteor that fell fn January, 616 B. C., broke several chariots and killed ten men. On the evening of Nov. 13th, 1835, a brilliant meteor was seen in the department of Aisne, France. It traversed the country in a northeasterly direeiion and burst near a castle, setting fire to a barn and stables ana burning the corn and cattle in a few minutes. A stony substance, supposed to be an aerolite, was found near the place after the occurrence, In March, 1846, a luminous sheaf, which tr&nsversed the air with great velocity and noise, fell on a bam in the village of Haute Jaronne and de-

atroyed adjoining buildings and whatever animals were unable to escape the conflagration. Astronomers have made out long lists of the aerolites that have thumped into the earth. The lists show that the monthly average of these visitors from December to June is less than the monthly average from July to November. That, moreover, the months of March, May, July and November exhibit the greatest numbers. The lists also indicate that the earth in its annual course round the sun would seem to encounter a greater number of aerolites between July and January than between January and July. It has been asserted to be a general rule that the area over which a shower of stones fall is oval, measuring from six to ten miles iu length by two or three in breadth; moreover, the largest stones may be expected to be found at one extremity of the oval. That’s only one of the odd pranks of playful meteors. When found entire the stones are completely coated or glazed over w:‘b a thin, darkcolored crust, formed of tae molten substance of their surface, fused by ignition iu the fireballs. The part which traveled foremost is sometimes distinguishable from that which was in the rear. Sometimes they break into fragments as they disappear. Sometimes you find a fragment, and sometimes you do not. The fall of the aeroline of 1627 was witnessed by the astronomer, Gassendi. He states that when in the air it was apparently surrounded by a halo of prismatic colors. This being the only aerolite or the fall ol which he had ever heard, he supposed it was the result of a volcanic eruption in some one of the neighboring mountains. The aerolite of Dec. 13, 1873, introduced itself with a loud explosion, followed by a hissing noise, heard throughout a considerable portion of the surrounding district. A shock was also noticed as if produced by the falling of earth of some heavy body. A plowman saw the stone fall to the ground. It threw up soil on every side and penetrated several inches deep into the solid chalk rock. It fell on the afternoon of a hazy day, during which there was neither thunder nor lightning. On April 20, 1876, a mass of meteoric iron, weighing between seven and eight pounds, fell at Rowton, England. Shortly before 4p.m. a sound of that like thundc, followed by reports of a cannon, shook the air, and was heard for many miles in that neighborhood, but no fireball was observed. The iron mass was found nearly an hour afterward iu a meadow, where it had buried itself in the earth to a depth of eighteen inches and when dug out it was still quite hot. March 14, 1831, four railroad hands near Middleshorough, England, heard a rushing, roaring sound overhead, followed immediately by a thud on the ground. Less than fifty yards away they found a round, verticle hole. One of the men thrust down his arm and . drew out the meteorite. The hole and the meteorite were quite warm three minutes afterward. It was of a low pyramidal or shell-like shape, measuring 5 inches by 6 inches, and about 3 inches high. It was completely enveloped in a thin black molten crust. One of the most extensive falls of meteoric stones on record was that which happened in Normandy, April 26, 1803. About Ip. m. a very brilliant fireball was seen traversing the country with great velocity. Some moments afterward a violent explosion was heard, which was prolonged for five minutes. The noise seemed to proceed from a small cloud which remained motionless all the time, but at a great elevation in the atmosphere. The detonation was followed by the fall of an immense number of mineral fragments, nearly 3,003 being collected, the largest weighing pounds. The sky wai serene and the air calm.

Old Men of the Marines.

One of the curiosities of the public service is the present condition of the Revenue Marine Service in the matter of the antiquity of many of its officers. For example: Captain Martin was born iD 1803, Captain Ottinger in 1801, Captain Scammon in 1825, Captain Henriquea in 1826. Captain EvaDs in 1817, FirstLieutenant Barston in 1824,. First-Lieu-tenant Loring in 1824. First-Lieutenant Walden in 1825, Seeond-Lieutenant Howard in 1821, Chief Engineer Roberts in 1822, Chief Engineer Vallat in 1828, Chief Engineer Chester in 1831, Chief EogineerCheversin 1832. Chief Engineer Harrison in 1828 and Chief Engineer Dinsmore in 1826. This condition only exists beeause there is no remedy, and its influence on the Revenue Marine Service is very unfavorable and discouraging. With captains over ninety years old, first-lieutenants, second-lieutenants Aud engineers over seventy, and all still on the active list, the status of that service cannot be effective. Under existing law there is no retired list for the officers of the Revenue Mariue, and they must be kept at the top when they grow old and useless. No human organization can be kept healthy and efficient without a constant pressure of young blood at the bottom. Captaiu Shepard and his predecessors have endeavored to force Congressional action, but so far their efforts have not succeeded.—[Washington Post.

Long-Distance Skating in Holland

Skating expeditions of great length are not unusual features of the winter in Holland. A popular feat is to visit in one day the eleven towns of Friesland, an aggregate distance of eighty miles. It is necessary to have good ice, practically clear of snow, a full moon, bright sky. and plenty or previous practice. VV. J. H. Muiler of Haarlem accomplished this-jouruey a few Winters ago in thirteen hours, of which one-hour and fifty-five minutes was consumed in resting and nourishing. Another remarkable feat is to skate from Hague to Leenwarden, in Holland. Its distinctive claim to notoriety is due to the necessity of crossing the Zuyder Zee, which is only possible qfter an exceptionally severe frost. It is on record that one Reindert Reinders delivered in one day, during the winter of 1761-64, a letter from William IV. to his mottier at Hague and returned. The distance is vaguely described by the phlegmatic natives as a “forty-hour walk.” W. Koopmans made a similar journey, recently, with important State papers, m fifteen hours. —[New Y’ork Herald. Don’t Overtax the Heart.—A physician writes: "Life would be prolonged by a little more attention to the heart, by paying a little respect to the most faithful servant we ever have. Much good might be done also if parents would teach their children the danger of overtaxing the heart. They should teach them to stop and rest a few moments during their play when they begin to feel the violent throbbing of their hearts against the chest wall.”

WHAT SOCIETY WEARS.

CRISP FASHION LETTER FROM THE METROPOLIS. A Well-Informed Correspondent Tells of the Newest Costumes, New Ideas, a Nobby Walking Suit, an Kmbrolderod Theater Wrap, and a Love of an Empire Down. Modes for the Month. I’ew York oorrespondenoe:

some small pleats; in the back the folds tarn toward the center. The skirt is lined with silk or satin and has a balayeuse. The waist is plain, and may be worn with or without the velvet vest. The long jacket can also have a vest which Is buttoned to It directly. If the waist is worn without the vest, a velvet belt is used which crosses at the back. The dress material has no seam in front except (he darts, and fastens at the shoulders, arm-hole, and under the arm, with very small hooks. If you do not want to out the material the front of the bodice can he pleated. The sleeves are Russian In lorm, with deep cuffs. The velvet vest is low cut iu front and in the back, as shown in the picture, and Is kept in position by whalebones. It reaches only to the skirt band and hooks In front, carrying the side point to be hooked at the side of the belt. The skirt of the cloak crosses in the back by an added fold. In the front It is box pleated and sewed at the waist, so as to fall loosely. The jacket Is silklined and has a little cape, which Is

FESTOONED WITH ORGANDIES.

trimmed with braid. The sleeves are also trimmed with braid. It seems a pity to begin to use organdies and silk muslins till summer c omes In, but they are so pretty that It is hard not to. Besides they give an effect of vogue to the somewhat passe gowns of the season, at this time when one hardly wants to buy entirely new outfits. A very pretty Nile green silk that had grown a little soiled about the edge of the skirt, and marked about the arms as a party dress, was brightened into charming freshnese by a dbep luffie of silk organdie set in festoons at the foot of the skirt. The top of the rufße was headed by three rows of ribbon, pink, rich green and gold, these being the colors in the organdie. The ribbons were jeweled with amber, black jet and emerald beads. The upper part of the bodice was covered with the organdie, making a sort or yoke outlined by a band of the pink ribbon that crossed the breast and passed to the back under the arms. Big ruffles of the organdie fell over the shoulders. The dress was certainly a lovelier one than ever it hai been when first made. Another afternoon gown of rose silk Had the entire skirt covered with a delicate silk muslin, all misty with a combination of lilac cream and pink design of flowers. At the foot of the skirt there was a ruffle in rosetted folds, the sleeves of silk were taken out entirely and muslin ones substituted. These were full at the shoulders and extended to below tne elbows. A feather fan in cream and lilac hung by a pink ribbon from the waist. Still, it

EMBROIDERED THEATER WRAPS.

is almost a pity not to wait till summer with its garden parties and soft warm moonlight! But that is the way with us now! Green peas and violets at Christmas, and organdies in February! Next we will have ice boating and fur right here in June! Both of the costumes described are sketched herewith. The next picture shows an embroidered theater wrap. The fur plastron which comes down to a point in front Is surrounded by a double-frilled collar, which fastens in front. Beneath the plas ron the long front breadths begin. These are fastened on with large safety-hooks and held In position in f ont by a very broad girdle that Is sewn on one side and hooked op. the other. This belt or band is very stiffly lined and is adorned with bead work. It is straight on the lower edge and at the top Is cone-shaped. The whole of the front breadths, lengthwise and around the edge, are bordered with fur. They are mae’e of straight material and are slightly gffsbered in at the top under the yolfg and collar. Wi ere ibey Jo n the backtireadths they a:e very much sloped, boas to fit the

figure in the fashion of an ordinary long oloak. Either changeable velvet or silk can be used as lining; for our model brown velvet with largo yellow brocaded flowers on it was used. The double collar was of yellow velvet and so was the girdle, which was embroidered with brown leads. With the wrap was wom a very small turbanshaped oap of yellow velvet, trimmed with yellow ostrich plumes and an antique buckle. Another outer garment for evening wear is presented in the next picture. It is an opera cape with double velvet collar. The cape is made of striped mauve and pink lined with woolen material, which serves instead of the ordinary silken lining, and is also warmer. The raauvo strlpo of the lower part of this opera cloak merges into a greenish shade, and the pink stripes have nartow diagonal lines which give the Impression of being raised or embossed. The velvet collar Is cut round, so that it stands out on the shoulders, and is but little gathered at the neck. The lining of the changeable velvet collar must be cut out ttret and properly fitted. It Is alike back and front, and Is sewn in at the same time with the long cape. The Empire gown, when modified by the train and petticoat effect, admits much elaboration, as in the example

OULD anything be more suitable for brisk outdoor walking than the costume pictured in the Initial illustration? It has an open cloak and a vest of velvet. Thewaterial is of wool in a grayblue tint. The vest is of grayblue velvet and the olosk of the same color, but of lighter cloth and trimmed with camel’s hair braid. The skirt is taken in the width, so that no seam is needed except in the back, which le gored so that it looks like any other skirt. In front it needs

pictured. The petticoat part may have at the foot a border as oostlv and elegant as you like. It may be iace, knot* of ribbon, flowers, or rich beading. The material may be of the richest, and may either match or contrast with the train. The train Is of heavy stuff and, of course, lined with rich material, because it Is entirely loose from the petticoat. Its edge may be embroidered heavily with rioh Jeweling and beading. Tho lining may contrast with the outßlde. About the waist, the waist, of course, being close under the arm, passes a bodice girdle of the material of the train. The bodice should be so heavily embroidered that It seems merely n Persian-like band of rich needle work. The big puffed sleeves, of the material of tho train are furnished at the edge with a narrower band of the same embroidery. This must not be applique embroidery, and It should be of real metal thread, and of jewels as costly as you please, or can afford. If you fancy the Empire style suits only the simpler materials, you are making a big mistake. One thing may be said for the Empire: Maybe a woman may took a bit queer standing, but seated she can hardly help being a picture. If she will only hold her head well and try to do justice to her gown, the rest of her will be all rlgh*. The woman with a very long waist held In by a fearfully tight corset Is not only miserable when she is seated, but she looks it, and she can neither sit down nor get up gracefully. The Empireclad girl should be able to do both, II she is not dressed all wrong beneath the gown. Be careful In selecting your purples,

especially in cloth. Many purplee seem to be an ugly brown at night. The right purple should only take a richer and deeper tone by gas light. Black In combination with purple brings out the latter color, by day as well as by night, into added brilliancy. Purple seems to suggest furs and velvet and richness, It Is by all means a color for winter and cold weather. Also remember that the revived “royal purple” does not shade off into lighter colors and lavender as did our violet of a season or so ago. Purple is essentially a color by Itself, and menres itself into no other color. It permits near It only such other shades as will lend themselves to its own regality. Just remember that when you contemplate putting a purple veil over your rosy checks and don't do It. As for green veils, what can one say? The woman who will wear one is beyond advioe. As well leave her to her own destruction, and what is worse, let her disturb every one who looks at her. By the way, the purple we find in old brocades makes the modem purple seem harsh and garish. The modem purple has a ston e-gray ness of tone; the old purple has a soft, almost rosy shade. Let this be a word to the wise. Copyright. 18M.

The prevalent Idea that the oldest university is in Europe Is Incorrect. In the tenth and eleventh centuries the university at Fez, Africa, was almost the only seat of Arabic and Christian learning in the world. Before universities existed in Paris, Oxford, Cambridge, Padua, or Bologna, students flocked to Fez from Andalusia, France, and even England, and Fez is to-day the principal western seat of Mohammedan theology.

The constitution of Georgia limits public school education to “the elementary branches of an English education,” and the Governor has vetoed a bill to afford instruction In physiology and the State and Federal constitutions. on the ground, among others, of Its impolicy. His Excellency is himself a school teacher. Muz. Patti owns 100 canaries.

CAPE WITH DOUBLE COLLAR.

MODIFIED EMPIRE GOWN.

Oldest University.

Education In Georgia.

THE SHODY INDUSTRY.

DUTIES BRING PROSPERITY TO BOGUS WOOL MEN. How Wool Tariff* Foster the Making; of Cloth from ilie Moat Filthy Ha**--Hawaii and the Sugar Bounty—Pennsylvania Tariff Reform. How Cheap Coats Are Made. Those who think th;it there is no connection between high duties on wools and woolens and the rapidly growing use of shoddy and adulterated woolen goods should read the exceedingly interesting article on shoddy, in the November supplement to the New York World, by Mr. W. R Estell. Mr. Kstell, under the auspices of the Reform Club, visited many leading shoddy factories and collected information on the most recent methods of making and using this bogus wool. He tells us that shoddy is made from every imaginable quality of woolen rags, from the new tailors’ clippings to the most filthy scraps gathered from garbage barrel and gutter. After being assorted according to color and quality, they arc put through the various processes employed In manufacturing shoddy. Shoddy of the best quality is made from new all-wool rags. The rags are torn into shreds by means of a revolving cylinder, cal'ed “the devil,” covered with thousands of short, sharp teeth. So close do these shreds resemble real wool that detection is almost impossible. The shoddy is mixed with a little “live” wool, spun into yarn and made into the “allwool” suits we hear so much about. Manufacturers thus foist upon the American people clothing, which has been worn out before by four or five different people. The last appearance of shoddy as clothing is in the form of satinets, the admixture of cotton and shoddy out of which our $5 suits of clothing are made. Even then we are not rid of It, for it is put through another process by which it is ground fine as dust, after which it is called “flocks” and used for tilling the cheap mattresses and pillows which the poorer people buy. Mr. Estell also tells how the rags In which wool and cotton are mixed Is subjected to various processes which have for their object the destruction of the cotton, thus leaving the wool, though In an impaired condition, yet fit to be torn into shoddy. The “union” goods, us such rags are called, are bathed In acids in some instances and exposed to gas in others. The acids and gas cat the cotton or other vegetable fibers, leaving “wool extracts.”

Shoddy and “wool extracts" are made into yarn and wove into cloth. But since duties have made foreign fine wools so high that none but the rich can afford a genuine all-wool suit made of soft wools, many devices have been Introduced to supply the demands for low-priced Imitation fine-wool suits. One way of making “cheap coats” -Is to run the cloth—perhaps already half shoddy—through a “flock liquor,”containing wool dust. The dust adheres to the surface and is pressed firmly Into the cloth by being passed between large rolls. Another way of giving a soft, velvety texture and of adding to weight of cloth, consists of “flattening" the yarn. This is accomplished by blowing “(locks” and fine shoddy against the threads while they are being twisted Into yarn. Of course cloth made of such stuff has Its faults. These, however, are hidden from the unwary purchaser In various ways; the "flocked” or “fulled” sides of the cloth are pasted together and the cloth is then worked up Into readymade clothing; with openings left in the lower corners of the coats to prevent accumulations of “flocks and shoddy.” Mr. Estell shows how the growth of the shoddy industry has kept pace with the decline of the wool-raising industry, and by quotations from the manufacturers of shoddy themselves proved that “shoddy” and not “free wool” Is the enemy of the wool-rals-ers of America. Such men as Mr. Muhlhauser, of Cleveland, the largest manufacturer of shoddy In America, if not In the world, frankly said that the admission of foreign wool Into this country would mean the destruction of the shoddy manufacturing business, apd better prices to the American sheep growers for their wool.

Upon this point the following evidence is citei: The New York Press, the leader of high tariff newspapers, and then edited by Kobert P. Porter, contained in its issue of Aug. 23, 1888, the following news item: SHUT DOWN BECAUSB Or TflE MII.LS BILL. The manufacturing firm of J. U. Kenning A Co., at I.udlow, N. Y.. shut down their workt yesterday, throwing out of employment tome forty operatlvei of both sexes They were engaged In exacting wool from delalnea and other rag materials, to be used In the manufacture of shoddy cloth. They say the passage of the Mill* bill In the lower bouie of Congress, admitting wool free of duty, has detirred them from continuing their Industry. The following Is taken from a circular circulated in 1888 by the Republican National Committee, signed by seventeen rag and shoddy dealers: There is only one way to avoid this loss to ourselves, and that Is by the defeat of the candidate of the free trade party, Grover Cleveland. We have determined In the coming electloi to supp rt the candidates of the protection party, Harrisoo and Morton. Their election we consider to be Indispensable to the maintenance of our business While in the last campaign the followlug, from the Johnstown (N. Y.) Republican, of July 27, 1892, is a typical Instance of the straightforward and frank avowal of the direct dependence of the shoddy Industry on high protection: PROTECTION IN AMSTERDAM. It does uot require much penetration lo discover that the McKinley tariff law has proved a blessing to Amsterdam. On every hand there are numerous evidences of the good effects the measure has bad upon business of every kind In this now very bu«y manufacturinz city. Four years ago there was not a fboddy or estreating mill In this city worthy the name. To-day the mill of Banta Bros. Is one of the largest and test equipped in the State. It Is the high price, because of tariff duties, which our American clothing manufacturers must pay for the foreign wool which is indispensable to the manufacturers of good cloths, that drives them to the use of shoddy instead of native ■wool. An examination of the statistics relating to the price of wool, and the price of shoddy as given by the Amer-

lean Wool and Cotton Reporter, shows that every upward stride at the manufacturer of shoddy has been followed by a decline of the price of American wools. : While prices of bogus wools have been well maintained prices of real wools have gone down rapidly and unceasingly until the election of 1892, when the lowest prices on record were reached. Since then real wools are in better demand and prices have recovered several cents per pound. With free wool our shoddy manufacturers may be expected to take a back seat and leave room for manufacturers of all-wool cloths. In a few years our farmers and laborers will be indulging in as comfortable clothing and blankets as are now common in nearly every other cold and civilized country.

Pennsylvania Tariff Reform.

The Philadelphia Record, a good tariff-reform paper (except upon the coal combine, the sugar trust, and the textile, glass and Iron industries of Pennsylvania), estimates that duties of 1} cents per pound on sugar, 2} cents on coffee and 5 cents on tea would yield an annual revenue of 1180,000,000, and that these duties would “constitute the basis of an ideal tariff for revenue only.” It admits that “political protectionists, of course, would furiously assail this policy, and dolefully lament over duties that rob the people of a ‘free breakfast table;’ ” but says that “if they should really desire a free breakfast table iet them move for the repeal of the high duties on earthenware, glassware, table cutlery, table linen, napkins and all other taxed accessories of the American citizen’s morning meal.” It thinks that the “tariff beneficiaries, whose interests deserve consideration, recognize that the only alternative lies between this ideal tariff for revenue and a ruthless cutting of protective duties.” “These protectionists would prefer moderate revenue duties on sugar, coffee and tea to a sudden and sweeping removal of protective duties upon textile fabrics of every description, products of iron and steel, earthenware, glassware, etc., and their interests therefore will bring them, in spite of themselves. Into acquiescence In the Democratic tariff policy.” Tho Record professes to believe that this policy will not make good Democrats of the beneficiaries of protection, but will just please the American people who “have never quarreled with taxes that go directly Into the public treasury.” And this Is the way the Record interprets the results of the election: The people want to pay higher duties, do they, and treat the protected manufacturers with such kind consideration that all will become good Democrats? Their main object, then, is to build up a Democratic party by protective tariffs to please the manufacturers better tlian McKinloyism! We beg leave to differ from such Pennsylvania steeped-ln - protection conclusions. They may bo partly right In theory, hut they are practically and politically all wrong. Thepeople drew no tine-haired distinctions between revenue and protective tariffs. They voted foe lower duties to got relief. They all use sugar, tea and coffee, and will see and feel any tax that any party may hereafter put upon these articles. The name of the party that will do so will be “Mud.”

Wool Is Booming.

Prospects for free wool are having an effect upon the market not anticipated by McKinley and his political wool-growing friends. Since 1890 the wool market has been flabby and prices have declined to an unprecedented extent. Since Nov. 8, however, the market has shown more life, and about the middle of January prices began to rise. By the end of January they bad advanced 2 or 3 cents per pound on Ohio fleeces and< many other grades. Here is the way the American Wool and Cotton Reporter of Feb. 2 opens its wool trade page: “It 1b doubtful if there has been any previous time in a year when dealers in wool have felt better than at present This is a market in wbicß one may let a customer go out and feel that another will soon come ia; it is very strong, both statistically and in accordance with laws of supply and demand. “The strong features noted last week, ending Jan. 24, have been more marked during the week under review, some kinds of wool being higher than quoted at last writing; Australian, for example, has developed more strength, and Ohio fleeces are a cent better even than reported for the week ending Jan. 24; XX is worth 31 cents; there are, at date, free inquiries all along the line for Ohio wools, which are not obtainable in considerable quantities; many houses accustomed to handle Ohio wool have not a fleece in store; those who have any possess small stocks, for which they are asking full prices; 30 cents has been Repeatedly declined during the week, one of flie largest mills in the East having offered to take all that might be furnished at that figure.”

Hawaii and the Sugar Bounty.

Hawaii produces about 265,000,000 poundg of sugar annually. It has been suggested, with some apprehension, that if we extend a protectorate over the islands, or in any fashion attach them to our territorial possessions, we shall have to pay to the producers of this sugar the same bounty which we are now paying to sugar-growers here. At that rate the bounty on Hawaii’s sugar would amount to more than $5,900,000 nually.But there is no occasion for apprehension on that score. Whatever we may do with respect to Hawaii, we arc not going to annex a new sugarbounty charge upon the Treasury. On the 4th of March the Government of the United" States will pass under control of a party which utterly repudiates the policy of taxing tbe people for money with which to pay men for engaging in unprofitable business. The Democratic party is not going to extend the sugar bounty. It is going to abolish it.—New York World. The only tin-plate mill In opera tioa now is the McKinley plant, tba* grinds the tax out of the Americas consumer.