Democratic Sentinel, Volume 16, Number 51, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 6 January 1893 — HOME AND THE FARM. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

HOME AND THE FARM.

toACffc t ato l F-f*fc 'OUR RURAL FRIENDS. ! ' Sooal Farmer Do Not i T<*> on Bpot Disease or the CUe*er—Htow Keep “Apples. *A Good Fnnrf^rJ -A good farmer should ririifeir depend npon his neighliors for \vb«t he can, by care and good ftMinagewent, raise ah'his own farm. He shwckl hot bCg fruit when he can plaritocr graft; he should not borrow tools or vehicles when he can make or lw/y them, for among the many wastes'on a : farm, this waste of time isObmit the worst. -■ In the first place, he:'has to take time In going to borrow ''them, and then jften take valuable 'time In taking them back; then there is a waste of : the neighbor’s time and money by 1 ■keeping the tools in repair for some jne to wear out, and the only benefit that the lender gets but of It is beiac silled a good ©neighbor, for if he has tools to lend toe does not need to barrow. Now, we >cannot all 1 be independent, but a good farmer will, as • last as he As :utile, provide himself "with suitable farming tools; ;and again, a good tariuer will never undertake to bill ißore land than toe can thoroughly cuttivate. It is the aim •of many farmers to get as many acres into crops as .possible, giving no attention to the matter 1 as to bow thev are put in; for instance, owe man will put in fifty -or sixty acres "»f wheat, -while feis neighbor will put an thirty and get as many bushels and per'haps aaore. Now the farmer should bear in mind that well tolled land is ' constantly half tilled land is growing poorer every day.— D. H. Morris in Western Jllowman.

•Cheap Corn ’HheWs. Accordikg to a correspondent in i Farm .and Home, any farmer with limited means can build'U'Cheap shed 1 for storing'corn oa theieur. Set posts in the ground and feraoe with poles -or scantling on the oiftside as shown

in Fig. Q. Roof with shingles, boards •or clapboard—aiuyithing'that is most convenient to the bniltter that will turn water from the top. This may suit meanym farmer,'especially in the new sections of «©t*ricountry, but the farmer\wiho haspasaedithis stage of economy needs something better.

For such is tbe 'building shown in Fig. 2. Set posts un -sills and cross toraoe witfla shr-mflisig.iath (called lattice work). This meeds no other bracr ng. Put in ai cement floor to keep rats (from boning up the ground uoderneuith. Finashmicely and you have .a very cheap feniiltling, yet one that you wall not be aSha-medof. It will come on play for fftering.farming implements when not An .use for corn. Winter Cai-e.of Fowl*. When fowls are shut:up in the wintertbevotten want.for,some things which ane essentialitotbhfiir well being and which can be supplied,with a little labor and forethought. The dust hath is necessary to keep: them free from vermin, and this-should be prepared now while tbe ground is dry. Road dust is excel lest for, this purand a sufficient amount can easily be gathered up a«d put away in barrels'to last until the iground becomes dry in the sprang. Keep an open box ttllea with it alltbhe time in the hen house. If #©« unealect to secure the dust in time, wood ashes may be used as a substitute. 'A supply of lime is also necessary, and the best way to provide ttusiiis (to give pounded oyster shells. Bones) pounded line so as to have no long .splinters may also be used, or fine gn&vel w,bich . contains limestone. Attention to these little things is what makes poultry pay in winter. Add do these comfortable quarters, good food and perfect cleanliness, and your winter’s income from the (owls should be very satisfactory.—Live Stock Journal

IvOiv Farm Fences. A fence five and a half feet high may cause more bfeacbinesn in cattle and horses than a well-constructed and maintained fence four aod.a half feet in height. When a few rails or ooards are off, or the top wire down, from the high fence, the opening ; looks large, and stock will crowd or jump aver. If the stock had always sbeen kept-on a farm where the fences ; j»ere low .they would not make the .attempt to jump. A board or wire -fence four feet hisih, or a rail fence dour and Aihalf feet high, if kept in good repair, avill .answer every pyrjiose of those .one: foot higher.

Keeping -Apple*. in some sections, -where apples ass 3 -difficult to k«aep in a cellar, the best method adopted, .aftter repeated experiments is to pack the apples in boxes and bury fitoe boxes in . the ground. Only perfect apples fully ripe and hand-picked from the tree will answer. Fallen apples or apples that a«e in the least degree injured or diseased should be excluded, as they wiljl injure those that are sound. The apples should not be picked until they ha-ve remained on the trees as long as possibly Care of Milk lit Cold Weatfeer. When the weather is cold enough to keep the thermometer below tlfty degrees durins the day, there will be no need for a are In the dairy room or a box to keep the mjlk in if deep eans are used. Select a cprner in a clean romp. use eans made eight Inches in diameter and eighteen inches ffeep with close lilting covers. Set them all in the corner of the roan?- putting the fresh ones with warm milk in,them a little way from the other* when the weather is not yery cold JBut ip zero wither.cover

the cahs at highs, WT£h 'b> t'too blankets, so tbat-the nfilk will not freeze. If one has never tried the deep, bold 'method tof “setting milk this'riill bte an dißelhStit and economical way of makmg'the experiment The? cans can be'bofcjfht of any dealer In dairy implements along with the necessafy dipper. f lh skimmihg, remember you naeSt'take off nearly, if not'quite-one-bhira'of the contents of the can before ribu get down to the skim milk. Weep dipping until you come to st. 'can easily-tell it from the rest. Spot BOWhso of the Cherry.

L. H . iPaufrtiel, ot the lowa exDtefi-; ment-SSritSum, says in the American - Agriculturist that one of the mostse-

rious the cherry is the Leaf-Spot ’disease, sometimes "i called Chcrry--1 Leaf Blight or IRust. It Is I caused by ’ the f lunges Cytindroiporkijn Pdd i , Karst:wihiich also affects plums, peachesand apricots. The disease is most se-

vere in the nursery, attacking all varieties. In early summer, reddish or somewhat paler spots made their- appearance on the upper surface of the leaf. At first.these spots are less' than one-sikteentn of an tioch across, but gradually increase to one-eighth of an inch. In severe cases a number of these Sprits become caroluent, forming one large patch. Badly diseased' leaves-turn yellow and dwop. Air ex-1 animation of the lower-surface of the leaf immediately -opposite the spot,; will show a stnali elevated, yellowish and somewhat glisten.i.ug body, which

contains the numerous spores. Ira many' cases the bodies holding tbe spares are broken, and the agliiiWaat-fl ed spores toavei spread for some!' distance, tormingT a whitish pellicle. V The disease is er- 1 fectively treated ' by spraying_ with copper compounds. Figure II represents a leaf of the commora'cultivated

cherry, tlhe under -surface <df tfoe'leaf showing a collection of spores'in. the angles of the veiws. In (figure 2 is seen a Maltaleto cherry leaf, -showing spots one 'the upper surface.

Aiway*. Always feel lev ein 'farming ssot'iiorig as it pays. Always blanket (the warm hhorse standing so the wind. Always milk ttibc cows ircgdlnrly, kindly, .and with (dispatch. Always have at snowplow ready when the (heavy snows -seme. Always count .your chiokens after the period of inonbation is .passed. Always itlii.uk twice before-the boy is set to .a task you \wouid : not do yourself. Always keep 'Cellars <aool—sas„near 34 degree as possible—-in (whichi'Boots are stowed. Always (prepare for rtheepringuwork during (the 'Comparative .leisure of winter. Always (Clean (the unufl i fro to your horses, when yon get Ihome, .and , rub them dry. Alwaysigotwiibbe tonne ;at might, just betate going to bed, te see . that the -stock is all right. Always keep the fences .and gates in order, .and teawe a supply tof pposts ready ia tihe shop. Always select the most vigorous ana weld ripened shoots for icions..after which pack in bundles and-store in the cellar. Always fceep posted stout iflhevwotk. of the month, and read the .papers, not forgetting tbe adventisements.

Wintering Sfcndk.

It is expensive work to keep ;«nd feed stock through the wimiter, .at-the best, but a systematic attentian ito their needs the cost may be rohuced to a minimum. If the stock is ortee accustomed to looking for its footi.iat; a certain time the animals grow meatless and uneasy whenever they ikave to wait beyond that time Wiith dairy cows this interferes with diigestion and interrupts with steady ;and continuous laying on of flesh. Houses become bad tempered and wear out themselves and their stable floors. Consider that it is your business todk> certain things at certain times, and let nothing interfere with its performance. Remember that you your--eclf sometimes get restless when dinner is not ready just on time. There ;are 1 two or three simple principles in •stock feeding that are easily pnder•stood.and should not be lost sight of. For instance, to fatten animals, feed •oorn;to the fullest extent that you can do-so and yet maintain perfeetdigestion and assimilation, but for wonking animals gime the.mtrogen- • ous and less larinaceous small grains, which are equally nourishing, ,but not so fattening and cloying. The same j food is -also- needed for a growing ani- ! mai to which it is desired tp impart ! a hardy -constitution as a young colt ' that is being handled ,f<w Abe race j course Ificorn were for oats in the iracing record, we -would soon see a decline in the ratting record. because lit will not impajtt the .requisite elasticity aqfl J powers. —Breeder's Guide.

How UeM Hurts Farmers. A correspondent, of the Ohio Farmeir relates a xery significant experience |,whejo he says that hut for the fact j that he was heavily in debt he would j last fall have bought ten tons.of bran jat sls per ton. The bran was neoesLsarrSofl - him later on. ,pnd he had to j pay S2O per ton for it, or SSO for the , use of $l5O for a few tnqnths. This storv suggests it own moral. No man can afford to be without a- few hundred dollars of ready money. No matter bow much he owes, he must have cash on hand tp dp business with. Of course it needs good business judgment tc use this ready money only fpr something that will turn itself quickly, else it will vanish like.de,w on a sunshiny morning, anff the man haying spent perhaps for j trifles yvhat necessary to his busjI ness wilf be in as had a flx as ever.

iHt A*h HopperA Wirffespanden't of the 'Pratftita'l Farmer says, to make an ash hopper, take planks : and nail them “togotfhar, and saw them and nafl 'together as shewn toi ttltrstration. NaH a (piece

«***’■ *■ - - 4 dh opposite sides edgewise. Nail a board from this ipicce to the top of the hopper. Now bore a two-inch hole through t&is board and through the hopper, too pdt your pins in to hang your hfctnter by. Drive two good forks inthe ground to hang your hopper om. When you want to empty ashes, just'catch hold of bottom and turn tiopper ’•‘upside down and ashes will rilifleout When through using, take down arid store away in dry till needed. This hopper saves much Ctwoble'and 1 vexation. The lye just runs through a small hole left in the bottom, into the pot, without any waste of-lye.

Fertilizers for Orchards.

Itlnless a soil is very light or exhausted, probably there is no better (fertilizers for orchards or fruits gen--erallv than unleached ashes. They ■are supposed to contain all the elements taken from the soii by trees for the growth of branches and the 'development of fruit Ashes are beneficial on light soil as they tend to solidify or compact them.. If a soil is somewhat exhausted it Is well to apply a dressing of decomposed stable manure. Among far toe is who have an accumulation of partially decayed chips or chip dirt at tire ’ wood pile, these scrapings may toe 'applied as a top dressing to orchards with good effect. In the absence of ashes, chemicals may be e«sfloyed by the following formula recommended by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station: 50 to HOO pounds nitrate of soda; 100 to 200 pounds muriate of potash; 20© to 400 pounds ground bone. In some sections orchards are devoted to-swine pasturage ana thereby sectmeia sufficient degree of fertilization .and secure the destruction of many insects that infest the fruit and eattse its premature falling. But this treatment would not be allowable I® a young orchard because of the injury ithat might result to the trees. In orchards of full grown trees the treatment is good.

Bliee|t ttiKl'Hmine. The income from ith-e hog beglmf with death. Keep the sheep'Oirt'Of fields where burrs are growing. Regularity in feeding is important in fatteraiwg ihogs. Sheep will fintten ifaster if they have a good supply of water. The breedinge-wesißced to be made comfortable -during ■the winter. Hogs and sihetpican (be bred at am earlier age ttoa-«i(catitle*or horses. If well fed, -onsse-hßicl lambs ripem quickly and -oommund good prices. A pig must grew right along from the first without any interruption. A SMALLqmantrty of-all meal mixed with the slop the suckling sow. As A rule itfoe Litters improve in size and quality :as:;tt e sows grow older. ThE early killing,-of 'buood sows ie one reason why ihpgsaare not more profitable

Ifkxt dood iioulur^ay. Soft cookies. —<©«e eup of molasses, one cup -of nugar,Shall a cup ol butter, one eup taf bold omater, four cups of flour, two «maill<teaspoons ol soda. Drop with -a tteaepecn. Ginger Bsea-d.—Mix,together one cup of molasses, -one tablespoonful of shortening, one itabteapennful of salt, two teaspoonfuls -of ginger and two cups of flour. Add nine teaspoonful of soda dissolved dm one-cup of boiling water. Mix well and t .hake to, rather a quick oven. Milk Toast.—SeaWLasiint of-milk, melt an ounce of butter,.and add to .it an ounce of flour and .a little salt; j- whisk in the milk gradually and simLmer until thick. Prepare four or five •slices of toast; put into .a, hot dish; the milk between asd over the .slices and serve. Washington Pie.—One egg, one ,cup of sugar, one-third -of .a cup of .butter, one-half cup of sweet mihk, -one teaspoonful of cream -of tartar, ore-half teaspoonful of soda, cups -of flour. Bake on three round tin*. Witaen done put jelly or jam between, and serve with corn-starch sauce.

©rown bread. This is usually steamed, but on this occasion it is baked. Three cups ot Indian meal, ©■ae cup of rye meal, one cup of flour, oae-eup of molasses, cups of warm water, one teaspoonful of saleratus. one iteaspoontoliof salt. Dissolve the saleratus in the -water. Bake four hours. Chocolate pf hiding.—One ptat of milk, one; pint of bread crumbs, yolks of three eggs, five -tablespoonfuis of grated .chocolate. -Scald the uailk and add bread crumbs and chocolate; take trsen the fire sand add one-half cup of sugar and the yolks of thcce eggs; bake 15 minutes. Spread with meringue, brown and serve with cream. Dried awle jelly.—Take a quart bowl of dried apples, wash nicely, cover them with cold water, let them soak all night, add four quarts of cold water, let it bail without stirring till the taste is cooked out of the apple; itSaere is hardly a Quart of syr«p;strain and add H pints-of sugar, and boil a few minutes.

Rolls.—Let one pint of milk come to a boil; then add one tablespoon of huihter and one tablespoon of sugar; cool and add one-halteup of soft yeast and flour to make a soft sponge; let it rise several hours, or, if for breakfast. over night, then stir flour in until the dough is Arm: knead thoroughly; let it rise again, eu-t out with a biscuit cutter and fold half way over. Whep light hake in a quick oven half an hour. Watch carefully that they bake eyenly and gr« a gQldeo brown. «

FIG. I.

FIG 2.