Democratic Sentinel, Volume 16, Number 51, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 6 January 1893 — Page 5

HOME AND THE FARM.

toACffc t ato l F-f*fc 'OUR RURAL FRIENDS. ! ' Sooal Farmer Do Not i T<*> on Bpot Disease or the CUe*er—Htow Keep “Apples. *A Good Fnnrf^rJ -A good farmer should ririifeir depend npon his neighliors for \vb«t he can, by care and good ftMinagewent, raise ah'his own farm. He shwckl hot bCg fruit when he can plaritocr graft; he should not borrow tools or vehicles when he can make or lw/y them, for among the many wastes'on a : farm, this waste of time isObmit the worst. -■ In the first place, he:'has to take time In going to borrow ''them, and then jften take valuable 'time In taking them back; then there is a waste of : the neighbor’s time and money by 1 ■keeping the tools in repair for some jne to wear out, and the only benefit that the lender gets but of It is beiac silled a good ©neighbor, for if he has tools to lend toe does not need to barrow. Now, we >cannot all 1 be independent, but a good farmer will, as • last as he As :utile, provide himself "with suitable farming tools; ;and again, a good tariuer will never undertake to bill ißore land than toe can thoroughly cuttivate. It is the aim •of many farmers to get as many acres into crops as .possible, giving no attention to the matter 1 as to bow thev are put in; for instance, owe man will put in fifty -or sixty acres "»f wheat, -while feis neighbor will put an thirty and get as many bushels and per'haps aaore. Now the farmer should bear in mind that well tolled land is ' constantly half tilled land is growing poorer every day.— D. H. Morris in Western Jllowman.

•Cheap Corn ’HheWs. Accordikg to a correspondent in i Farm .and Home, any farmer with limited means can build'U'Cheap shed 1 for storing'corn oa theieur. Set posts in the ground and feraoe with poles -or scantling on the oiftside as shown

in Fig. Q. Roof with shingles, boards •or clapboard—aiuyithing'that is most convenient to the bniltter that will turn water from the top. This may suit meanym farmer,'especially in the new sections of «©t*ricountry, but the farmer\wiho haspasaedithis stage of economy needs something better.

For such is tbe 'building shown in Fig. 2. Set posts un -sills and cross toraoe witfla shr-mflisig.iath (called lattice work). This meeds no other bracr ng. Put in ai cement floor to keep rats (from boning up the ground uoderneuith. Finashmicely and you have .a very cheap feniiltling, yet one that you wall not be aSha-medof. It will come on play for fftering.farming implements when not An .use for corn. Winter Cai-e.of Fowl*. When fowls are shut:up in the wintertbevotten want.for,some things which ane essentialitotbhfiir well being and which can be supplied,with a little labor and forethought. The dust hath is necessary to keep: them free from vermin, and this-should be prepared now while tbe ground is dry. Road dust is excel lest for, this purand a sufficient amount can easily be gathered up a«d put away in barrels'to last until the iground becomes dry in the sprang. Keep an open box ttllea with it alltbhe time in the hen house. If #©« unealect to secure the dust in time, wood ashes may be used as a substitute. 'A supply of lime is also necessary, and the best way to provide ttusiiis (to give pounded oyster shells. Bones) pounded line so as to have no long .splinters may also be used, or fine gn&vel w,bich . contains limestone. Attention to these little things is what makes poultry pay in winter. Add do these comfortable quarters, good food and perfect cleanliness, and your winter’s income from the (owls should be very satisfactory.—Live Stock Journal

IvOiv Farm Fences. A fence five and a half feet high may cause more bfeacbinesn in cattle and horses than a well-constructed and maintained fence four aod.a half feet in height. When a few rails or ooards are off, or the top wire down, from the high fence, the opening ; looks large, and stock will crowd or jump aver. If the stock had always sbeen kept-on a farm where the fences ; j»ere low .they would not make the .attempt to jump. A board or wire -fence four feet hisih, or a rail fence dour and Aihalf feet high, if kept in good repair, avill .answer every pyrjiose of those .one: foot higher.

Keeping -Apple*. in some sections, -where apples ass 3 -difficult to k«aep in a cellar, the best method adopted, .aftter repeated experiments is to pack the apples in boxes and bury fitoe boxes in . the ground. Only perfect apples fully ripe and hand-picked from the tree will answer. Fallen apples or apples that a«e in the least degree injured or diseased should be excluded, as they wiljl injure those that are sound. The apples should not be picked until they ha-ve remained on the trees as long as possibly Care of Milk lit Cold Weatfeer. When the weather is cold enough to keep the thermometer below tlfty degrees durins the day, there will be no need for a are In the dairy room or a box to keep the mjlk in if deep eans are used. Select a cprner in a clean romp. use eans made eight Inches in diameter and eighteen inches ffeep with close lilting covers. Set them all in the corner of the roan?- putting the fresh ones with warm milk in,them a little way from the other* when the weather is not yery cold JBut ip zero wither.cover

the cahs at highs, WT£h 'b> t'too blankets, so tbat-the nfilk will not freeze. If one has never tried the deep, bold 'method tof “setting milk this'riill bte an dißelhStit and economical way of makmg'the experiment The? cans can be'bofcjfht of any dealer In dairy implements along with the necessafy dipper. f lh skimmihg, remember you naeSt'take off nearly, if not'quite-one-bhira'of the contents of the can before ribu get down to the skim milk. Weep dipping until you come to st. 'can easily-tell it from the rest. Spot BOWhso of the Cherry.

L. H . iPaufrtiel, ot the lowa exDtefi-; ment-SSritSum, says in the American - Agriculturist that one of the mostse-

FIG. I.

vere in the nursery, attacking all varieties. In early summer, reddish or somewhat paler spots made their- appearance on the upper surface of the leaf. At first.these spots are less' than one-sikteentn of an tioch across, but gradually increase to one-eighth of an inch. In severe cases a number of these Sprits become caroluent, forming one large patch. Badly diseased' leaves-turn yellow and dwop. Air ex-1 animation of the lower-surface of the leaf immediately -opposite the spot,; will show a stnali elevated, yellowish and somewhat glisten.i.ug body, which

contains the numerous spores. Ira many' cases the bodies holding tbe spares are broken, and the agliiiWaat-fl ed spores toavei spread for some!' distance, tormingT a whitish pellicle. V The disease is er- 1 fectively treated ' by spraying_ with copper compounds. Figure II represents a leaf of the commora'cultivated

cherry, tlhe under -surface <df tfoe'leaf showing a collection of spores'in. the angles of the veiws. In (figure 2 is seen a Maltaleto cherry leaf, -showing spots one 'the upper surface.

Aiway*. Always feel lev ein 'farming ssot'iiorig as it pays. Always blanket (the warm hhorse standing so the wind. Always milk ttibc cows ircgdlnrly, kindly, .and with (dispatch. Always have at snowplow ready when the (heavy snows -seme. Always count .your chiokens after the period of inonbation is .passed. Always itlii.uk twice before-the boy is set to .a task you \wouid : not do yourself. Always keep 'Cellars <aool—sas„near 34 degree as possible—-in (whichi'Boots are stowed. Always (prepare for rtheepringuwork during (the 'Comparative .leisure of winter. Always (Clean (the unufl i fro to your horses, when yon get Ihome, .and , rub them dry. Alwaysigotwiibbe tonne ;at might, just betate going to bed, te see . that the -stock is all right. Always keep the fences .and gates in order, .and teawe a supply tof pposts ready ia tihe shop. Always select the most vigorous ana weld ripened shoots for icions..after which pack in bundles and-store in the cellar. Always fceep posted stout iflhevwotk. of the month, and read the .papers, not forgetting tbe adventisements.

Wintering Sfcndk.

It is expensive work to keep ;«nd feed stock through the wimiter, .at-the best, but a systematic attentian ito their needs the cost may be rohuced to a minimum. If the stock is ortee accustomed to looking for its footi.iat; a certain time the animals grow meatless and uneasy whenever they ikave to wait beyond that time Wiith dairy cows this interferes with diigestion and interrupts with steady ;and continuous laying on of flesh. Houses become bad tempered and wear out themselves and their stable floors. Consider that it is your business todk> certain things at certain times, and let nothing interfere with its performance. Remember that you your--eclf sometimes get restless when dinner is not ready just on time. There ;are 1 two or three simple principles in •stock feeding that are easily pnder•stood.and should not be lost sight of. For instance, to fatten animals, feed •oorn;to the fullest extent that you can do-so and yet maintain perfeetdigestion and assimilation, but for wonking animals gime the.mtrogen- • ous and less larinaceous small grains, which are equally nourishing, ,but not so fattening and cloying. The same j food is -also- needed for a growing ani- ! mai to which it is desired tp impart ! a hardy -constitution as a young colt ' that is being handled ,f<w Abe race j course Ificorn were for oats in the iracing record, we -would soon see a decline in the ratting record. because lit will not impajtt the .requisite elasticity aqfl J powers. —Breeder's Guide.

How UeM Hurts Farmers. A correspondent, of the Ohio Farmeir relates a xery significant experience |,whejo he says that hut for the fact j that he was heavily in debt he would j last fall have bought ten tons.of bran jat sls per ton. The bran was neoesLsarrSofl - him later on. ,pnd he had to j pay S2O per ton for it, or SSO for the , use of $l5O for a few tnqnths. This storv suggests it own moral. No man can afford to be without a- few hundred dollars of ready money. No matter bow much he owes, he must have cash on hand tp dp business with. Of course it needs good business judgment tc use this ready money only fpr something that will turn itself quickly, else it will vanish like.de,w on a sunshiny morning, anff the man haying spent perhaps for j trifles yvhat necessary to his busjI ness wilf be in as had a flx as ever.

rious the cherry is the Leaf-Spot ’disease, sometimes "i called Chcrry--1 Leaf Blight or IRust. It Is I caused by ’ the f lunges Cytindroiporkijn Pdd i , Karst:wihiich also affects plums, peachesand apricots. The disease is most se-

FIG 2.

iHt A*h HopperA Wirffespanden't of the 'Pratftita'l Farmer says, to make an ash hopper, take planks : and nail them “togotfhar, and saw them and nafl 'together as shewn toi ttltrstration. NaH a (piece

«***’■ *■ - - 4 dh opposite sides edgewise. Nail a board from this ipicce to the top of the hopper. Now bore a two-inch hole through t&is board and through the hopper, too pdt your pins in to hang your hfctnter by. Drive two good forks inthe ground to hang your hopper om. When you want to empty ashes, just'catch hold of bottom and turn tiopper ’•‘upside down and ashes will rilifleout When through using, take down arid store away in dry till needed. This hopper saves much Ctwoble'and 1 vexation. The lye just runs through a small hole left in the bottom, into the pot, without any waste of-lye.

Fertilizers for Orchards.

Itlnless a soil is very light or exhausted, probably there is no better (fertilizers for orchards or fruits gen--erallv than unleached ashes. They ■are supposed to contain all the elements taken from the soii by trees for the growth of branches and the 'development of fruit Ashes are beneficial on light soil as they tend to solidify or compact them.. If a soil is somewhat exhausted it Is well to apply a dressing of decomposed stable manure. Among far toe is who have an accumulation of partially decayed chips or chip dirt at tire ’ wood pile, these scrapings may toe 'applied as a top dressing to orchards with good effect. In the absence of ashes, chemicals may be e«sfloyed by the following formula recommended by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station: 50 to HOO pounds nitrate of soda; 100 to 200 pounds muriate of potash; 20© to 400 pounds ground bone. In some sections orchards are devoted to-swine pasturage ana thereby sectmeia sufficient degree of fertilization .and secure the destruction of many insects that infest the fruit and eattse its premature falling. But this treatment would not be allowable I® a young orchard because of the injury ithat might result to the trees. In orchards of full grown trees the treatment is good.

Bliee|t ttiKl'Hmine. The income from ith-e hog beglmf with death. Keep the sheep'Oirt'Of fields where burrs are growing. Regularity in feeding is important in fatteraiwg ihogs. Sheep will fintten ifaster if they have a good supply of water. The breedinge-wesißced to be made comfortable -during ■the winter. Hogs and sihetpican (be bred at am earlier age ttoa-«i(catitle*or horses. If well fed, -onsse-hßicl lambs ripem quickly and -oommund good prices. A pig must grew right along from the first without any interruption. A SMALLqmantrty of-all meal mixed with the slop the suckling sow. As A rule itfoe Litters improve in size and quality :as:;tt e sows grow older. ThE early killing,-of 'buood sows ie one reason why ihpgsaare not more profitable

Ifkxt dood iioulur^ay. Soft cookies. —<©«e eup of molasses, one cup -of nugar,Shall a cup ol butter, one eup taf bold omater, four cups of flour, two «maill<teaspoons ol soda. Drop with -a tteaepecn. Ginger Bsea-d.—Mix,together one cup of molasses, -one tablespoonful of shortening, one itabteapennful of salt, two teaspoonfuls -of ginger and two cups of flour. Add nine teaspoonful of soda dissolved dm one-cup of boiling water. Mix well and t .hake to, rather a quick oven. Milk Toast.—SeaWLasiint of-milk, melt an ounce of butter,.and add to .it an ounce of flour and .a little salt; j- whisk in the milk gradually and simLmer until thick. Prepare four or five •slices of toast; put into .a, hot dish; the milk between asd over the .slices and serve. Washington Pie.—One egg, one ,cup of sugar, one-third -of .a cup of .butter, one-half cup of sweet mihk, -one teaspoonful of cream -of tartar, ore-half teaspoonful of soda, cups -of flour. Bake on three round tin*. Witaen done put jelly or jam between, and serve with corn-starch sauce.

©rown bread. This is usually steamed, but on this occasion it is baked. Three cups ot Indian meal, ©■ae cup of rye meal, one cup of flour, oae-eup of molasses, cups of warm water, one teaspoonful of saleratus. one iteaspoontoliof salt. Dissolve the saleratus in the -water. Bake four hours. Chocolate pf hiding.—One ptat of milk, one; pint of bread crumbs, yolks of three eggs, five -tablespoonfuis of grated .chocolate. -Scald the uailk and add bread crumbs and chocolate; take trsen the fire sand add one-half cup of sugar and the yolks of thcce eggs; bake 15 minutes. Spread with meringue, brown and serve with cream. Dried awle jelly.—Take a quart bowl of dried apples, wash nicely, cover them with cold water, let them soak all night, add four quarts of cold water, let it bail without stirring till the taste is cooked out of the apple; itSaere is hardly a Quart of syr«p;strain and add H pints-of sugar, and boil a few minutes.

Rolls.—Let one pint of milk come to a boil; then add one tablespoon of huihter and one tablespoon of sugar; cool and add one-halteup of soft yeast and flour to make a soft sponge; let it rise several hours, or, if for breakfast. over night, then stir flour in until the dough is Arm: knead thoroughly; let it rise again, eu-t out with a biscuit cutter and fold half way over. Whep light hake in a quick oven half an hour. Watch carefully that they bake eyenly and gr« a gQldeo brown. «

DUTY OF DEMOCRATS.

RDOE« <J. MILLS POINTS OUT -A PLAIN PATH, Sorrtfc Light Thrown oh Innrr Workings of tfhe Torlff—Blnder Twine and Rope Should Be Pot on the Free I.lst — -Remove the Barriers to Commerce. What Democrats Most Do.

“We must show to the people of the United States that we were honsst in the 'declarations upon which they gave us the administration of the Government i-n all departments. “We must arrange taxation for the single purpose of raising revenue for the Government. We must show to them that we were sincere when we said that 'taxes should not be levied for the purpose of protecting anybody against 'competition. “To do our duty will call for only an ordinary amount‘of intelligence, hut an-extraordinary amount of courage. In iproceeding to formulnte a measure that shall take the place 'of the presentsytem of tariff taxes, wc must keep'uppermost 'the principle of the right of the American people to labor and to market the product of their labor.

“Tire problem to-day is that the productive efficiency of the people of the United States-is so great that in a part of the year it brings forth more than will satisfy all our people for the whole year. Barriers have been placed in the way of their marketing elsewhere what they produce •during the rest of the year, and they must be removed. In order to do that we must take thq heavy penalties off goods coming into this country. By the same act that you prohibit importation you make impossible exportation. “We must take the tax off every raw material that enters into ttoe manufacture of goods that we produce. Coal, the metals, and all tbe fibers must be put on the free list, and so must all of those things ttoait enter into the manufacturing of (the articles In which the skill of the American laborer is superior (Do the skid of ttee laborer of any-otto eir country. Thera, too, the taxes insist be taken off -finished goods thiufc are of common necessity in so far -as -those taxes are purely protective. All 'this must be done because our people now appreciate that wtoem you put a high tax on am article and that article oomes Mato this coiontTy to he sold something mrest pay for it, (toriff, tax, and aillL, amd tlney knraw that the payment mmst'Oirame fflrenn the-surplus of American labor, as fi-t is mow and has long'been coming. “The Den'oeratic-party lhas wisdom enough. It toas too routfh prudence. For thirty pears, truth -anmpels me to say tfhat there has been cowardice In the leadership of the Democratic party. Grover (Cleveland 'was elected beotuse -the people appreciated that toe had the'Courage to dlo what was might. •‘The-people'have'teeued the edict that these 'must be a (tariff system which will reduce thriir'tourdens to a mitoiimuin. It Hsto 'carry out their edict that they put 'the Democratic party In power. If 'that party fails totd© this the people will bury it four years ifnom maw -deeper than they buried the Republican party last November.” —Roger Q. Mills, at the Re(tojnm.Qh»b 'dinner.

Kill the Cordage Trust.

There as n® moral-or financial rea*®n -why -bunder -hwine and rope -should aat act onoe -be ,put upon the free list. The -only reasons for retaining these duties-in-the McKinley MM were political •ones. These are no longer -operative, if or the Incoming administrat-io** will depend upon its fidelity to publicitimsts and not upon the -hoodie ifitat it can fry out of flavored trusts, toseoure the good-will and -the votes of the gjeqple. We'Cam arnddoimalkecordage cheaper than any other -notion. We export it- to ali paints of -the tearth. The duty then serves-only to -make possible a trust, wfalcto has existed since 1887, with power to -extort from American consumers. The -Cordage Trust has done this dm -the -most -approved manner. It owned and gained control of forty-nine factories, .ail in-Canada, and but eleven da the United States. It bribed manufacturers -of -cordage machinery not to sell to-outsiders for five years. It paid John Goode $250,000 a year to hold his bag iplant idle. It closed up halt* of its mills to restrict production and sustain its abnormally high prices. lit gained control of the supply of tna-n-Uu fiber for several years and dictated, prices to manufacturers not in tine trust. It has this year a corner dm sisal hemp and holds the price at ft -cents, while the price of white sisal itwine Is less than 8 cents to jobbers. It made $1,406,313 profits in 1891 -on a -nominal capital of $15,000,000 .and san actual capital of $5,000,000 or $6,000,000. This trust, sustained by -duties of from 7-10 to 2 1-12 cents (per pound, is the enemy of the farmer, of. labor, and of the honest manufacturer. It paid for special legislation iby -big contributions to Republican campaign corruption funds. It subsidized and bribed on all sides, and got even and ahead by plundering the rhe}pless consumer. It is-safe to say that no representative -of itbis greedy monopoly will show kisihead in the next Congress, and that if -he does he will meet with a cold reoejption. It is evident that this great itirust,expects to be handled without gloves. The Cordage Trade Journal of Dec. 1, 1892, expresses the belief not only that binder twine will be made free, tout that it will probably be done atom extra session of Congress. It also says that the duty on rope “may attract the attention of politicians” after the binder twine d*ty is disposed of. In discussing the binder twine situation, this journal says; "At the first session of this Congress the Democratic House, as is well known, passed a -bill placing binder twine on the free list; the bill went to the Senate, where it remains, bo action having been taken upon it. There is a possibility that enough Republican Senators, having read the sigßS of the times as shown by the result of the late unpleasantness, will vote with the Democratic members of the Senate to pass the bill and place it in the hands of President Harrison for his sanction or veto. Should the present Senate taka this action the date that the

law will take effect may be fixed at March or April 1, 1893, although the strongest probability Is that July 1, 1893, will be the date decided upon.”

Seduce the Tariff in 1893.

What, then, are' the teachings of history and of common sense with reference to the course of the new administration? It is absolutely certain that the new Congress will make some great change in the tariff; but, until that change is actually made, the greatest uncertainty will prevail as to its precise direction. That wool will be made free and the additional tax on tin plates be repealed everybody can foresee, but beyond this all is darkness. If nothing is to be attempted before the assembling of the new Congress in December, 1893, it is certain that the new tariff, whatever it may be, will not be enacted until June, 1894; and if the nonsense which is now gravely brought forward as to*necessary delay in its taking effect is to be respected, no change would really take place until Jan. 1, 1895. The result is obvious to any man who has eyes to see. The new industries which the McKinley bill was intended to create will not be created; the importations will be restricted by the enormous duties, the people will be heavily burdened by useless taxation, and will gain 'none of the relief which they might have gained if the McKinley bill had been left alone, by increased, although Unnatural, domestic production. The protected manufacturers generally will be kept for two years in a state of nervous apprehension; the cost of their 'materials will he increased rather than diminished; they will very properly be careful about extending their production, because, when the tariff once takes effect, their rivals will have cheaper materials and cheaper machinery, by the aid of whioh to undersell those who paid high prices; and there will be as much stagnation as it is possible to have in

a country so progressive as our own. Nobody seems to know anything about the history of the tariff of 1846 and its political-effect. The facts are that the Polk administration adopted the conservative course now recommended by wiseacres, doing nothing until the regular session of Congress, deliberating a long time, passing the new tariff in July, 1846, and postponing its operation until December. The result was, naturally enQugh, that the manufacturers of the country were kept in a state of agonizing suspense for nearly two years; that for eighteen months nobody knew whether a new tariff would be enacted or not; that nobody derived the smallest benefit ifcrom the new tariff until after the Congressional elections of 1846, while everybody felt the depressing effect of uncertainty as to the future. Tike next consequence was that the .Democratic party suffered an overwhelming defeat in the elections of October and November, 1846, the House of Representatives, which had a Democratic majority of about sixty dm 1844, being transferred to the Whigs hi 1846; and a reactionary movement was thus started which, notwithstanding the fact that when the mew tariff actually went into operation the prosperity of the country was vastly increased, resulted in the election of a Whig President in 1848. lit lis quite true that the folly of the Polk administration in provoking the Mexican war contributed very largely to the general result; but dt 4s mono the less true that the Demoanats would have retained their majority in 1846, if they had properly settled the tariff question dm 1845. I have <w fears for the ultimate issue of the tariff controversy. The Whig victories of 1846 and 1846 wene entirely barren; the tariff of 1846 triumphantly vindicated itself; and It would have been irrepealaUe but for the great civil war of 186 L So l am absolutely confident that the new tariff, whether adopted In 1893 or 1894, will stand. Hut why should we run any risk of reaction and imperil the prospects of the party of tariff reform, even for the year 1894? Let us have prompt action and thorough reform, so that the people may get and feel the full benefit of our ideas. This is one of the cases in which half measures, as Mills has wisely said, not only do not produce hats results, but produce no results atnill.—Extract from a letter of Thos. G. Shearman to the New York Evening Post.

The Battle of November S.

“Stirred by these moral forces, came forth the rank and file of the Democratic party, the honest masses whose enthusiasm for a good cause and a worthy leader brushed away like cobwebs all opposition and all feeble considerations of expediency in the party councils. Then came forth the ‘lndependents,’ the men who, as has been said of Edmund Burke, ‘sometimes change their ifront, butinever change their ground,’ ■the men who, in struggling for good government, had the courage to expose themselves to the pelting storms of political warfare without the shelter of a party roof over their heads; the imen whom the partisan politician calls ‘those enlightened, unselfish and patriotic citizens who rise above party,’ provided they rise above the other party, but whom he calls ‘a lot of dudes and Pharisees amountieg to nothing’ when .they happen to rise above his own party. “And among them came the college professor, the disinterested man of studious thought, the truest representative of the intellectual honesty of the country—the college professor whom the Republican party had called its own when it was the party of moral ideas, but whom it now affects to despise as an impracticable theorist, since it has become the

party of immoral practices. Indeed, a significant spectacle It is; on one side, with few individual exceptions, Harvard and Yale, and Columbia and Amherst, and Cornell and Ann Arbor, and many more; and on the other side, the high and mighty tariff, with Maj. McKinley as the professor of its science, with Matt Quay and Dave Martin as the exponents of its politics, and with John Wanamaker as the illustration of its sanctity. But still more came; thousands of old Republicans, who reluctantly severed the ties binding them to the party to which they had been long and warmly attached, and who, obeying the voice of their consciences, went where they could serve the public good.

“Thus, at the call of the moral forces in politics, was the powerful combination of elements formed to which the Democratic cause and the Democratic candidate owe their triumphant success.” —Carl Schurz, at annual dinner of the Reform Club.

Inner Workings of the Tariff.

A report of the Board of General Appraisers of Customs to the Secretary of The Treasury for the year ended Oct. 31, 1892, throws much light upon the inner workings of the tariff system. The report shows that during the year in question 45,995 protests were made against the classification of goods by the custom house officials. These protests covered nearly all classes of imports, and their multitude shows how great is the confusion in the administration of the tariff. Besides the protests against wrongful classification, there were during the year 2,090 appeals against assessments of values by the local appraisers. In 573 of these cases the action of the local appraisers was sustained by the general board; in 796 cases the decisions were sustained in part; in 86 cases the valuations of the local appraisers were increased; and in 446 cases the claims of the Importers were confirmed. In 17 cases the appeals against the custom house valuations were withdrawn, and in 172 cases the decision of the Board of Appraisers is still pending. The extent of the embarrassment to trade by the incessant conflicts over a vastly complicated machinery of tariff laws and custom house administration is almost incalculable. The Importing merchants find themselves harassed beyond mousure by stupid and inconsistent decisions which delay their business operations, while they are not infrequently the victims of official dishonesty and bluckmall. Under a wise and just system of revenue laws most of the conflicts over the administration of the customs laws would disappear. It is not strange that the great commercial interests of the country should have risen in earnest protest against the maintenance of the McKinley tariff and its niMltitudlirous abuses.. —Philadelphia Record.

Men Are on the Free List.

One da'im 'may as well be disposed of at once. Protectionists claim that the tariff protects American labor against foreign competion. Does it? There Is no tariff on laborers. There is absolute free trade in labor—the one thing that the manufacturer has to buy, and the one thing the laborer has to sell. But the manufacturer suys we keep out foreign work. Well, when does the foreign laborer most interfere with your Job —when he Is thousands of miles away, working by hand or with poor machinery, producing goods that have to be transported thousands of miles before they come into our markets? or when he has come here as an immigrant and stands ready to work right by your side on the .very machine you work with, to make the very goods you are making? When does he most interfere with your job?—when he stays a foreigner thousands of miles off? or when he comes here and bids against you? How does it help the employer most-to have him stay at home 1b Europe? or to have him here underbidding you? So, when your employers tell you that the tariff is to protect your labor, you know better. You did not make those laws, they did; and they left them in such shape that they could buy your labor as cheaply as possible. Their attitude, when frank, Is summed in the speech of the gentleman who has been their leader in Congress, -Hon. Wm. D. Kelley, of Pennsylvania, who, in the House of Representatives, when reminded that there was no tariff on labor, said: “Yes, men are on the free list. They cost us not even freight. . . . We promote free trade In men, and it is the only free trade I am prepared to promote.”—Hon. John DeWiU Warner.

Manufacturers Not cast Down.

The World has on one or two occasions called attention to the cheerful frame of mind in which the iron and steel manufacturers find themselves since election. We now add some testimony as to a similar feeling on the part of sensible woolen manufacturers. The following extract Is taken from an editorial entitled “Is Woolen Industry to Be Prosperous?” published In the American Wool and Cotton Reporter of Nov. 24th: “It is safe to assume that the Democratic party will not legislate against the best interests of the country, and that there will be no legislation which will be destructive of vested interests. The aim and purpose of the Democratic party is the same as that of the Republican party—the difference between the two parties is wholly one of policy and not of purpose, and the best interests of the Democratic party are identical with those of the country—and they lie In the direction of preserving our manufacturing industries, and also in furthering their growth under what they regard as healthy and constitutional limits. It is very probable that under a tariff based even upon entirely free raw material and reasonable duties on (manufactured goods, there will be a larger and more ample net protection than the woolen manufacture has had ia years. There Is a vast difference between an apparent protection, as in the McKinley bill, and an absolute protection which may be obtained under a far lower rate of duties than we now have.” No comment on this Is necessary, except, perhaps, an expression of wonder at the ease with which our Protectionist friends are bringing themselves to the condition of veracity.—New York World.

The Plate Glass Trust.

The reports in the daily newspapers that the American Plate Glass Manufacturers’ Association has been dissolved Is the merest figment of reportorlal imagination. The association is not only alive but will regulate the output so as to prevent a glutting of the plate glass market. It met during the week, reaffirmed prices, and agreed to curtail the product on the lines agreed upon at the last meeting. —National Glass Budget. The Princess of Wales has some gloves which are nearly three feet lonjfc.

LIMBS FOR CRIPPLED VETERANS.

The Men May Take Them or the Cash;, as They Please. Some of the Grand Army veterans who. recently visited Washington had their traveling expenses paid by the Government, relates the Washington Star. They were crippled old soldiers who wanted to be measured for new artificial limbs there. The law allows them car fare from any part of the Union to whatever city they choose to have their legs and arms made in, and return. There are factories engaged in that sort of manufacture for the Government in various places all over the United States. Two of them are at the capital. So the wounded survivors of the war were in some instances able to get their passage hither from their homes and back for nothing. About 8,000 of the crippled soldiers entitled to arms and legs at Uncle Sam’scost will receive new ones during thenext fiscal year, or else a cash equivalent. There are not far from 16,000 sueh veterans on the roll, and each one of them getsone or more substitute limbs or the money value every three years. The law formerly made the period five years. On January 31 last there were 3,657 men on the roll who had lost one leg; 33 had lost both legs, 87 one foot, and 18 both, feet. Each of the 3,535 veterans had lost one arm, 24 both arms, and 57 onehand. One hud lost both hands, and one had lost both arms and both legs. There never were hut two on the list who had lost both arms and botli legs, because such Injuries are almost invariably fatal.

From the above reckoning it is apparent that less than half of the 10,000 old! soldiers on the roll have lost limbs. A. majority of them have merely lost the use; of arms or legs. However, that amountsto the same thing under the law. If a hand is merely disabled or a foot cut off at the ankle the claim fora whole arm or leg is good. Of course, in such case,, veterans take the money commutation' instead of the limbs—#7s for adeg and* SSO for an arm. 8o do nearly all those who have lost their arms, because an artificial arm is of scarcely any use except as an ornament, though an imitation leg of good make serves almost us well as a real one to walk with. Most of those who need legs do not get them, preferring to accept the money instead. Some of them are chronically hard up, and SSO or $75 in hand seems more desirable than the finest artificial limb that was ever made. Besides, life is short, and they have a reasonable expectation of obtaining another leg or arm in the next world. Furthermore, there are a few crippled men who cannot wearthe improved imitation legs, because their stumps are tender and arc rendered sore by the contrivances of willow wood, and rubber with machinery inside of them. They can gat along very well with ordinary pegs,, properly cushioned, but these new-fangletu jointed affairs do not suit'them. OwJngto all these facts, not more than 800 arms and legs arcdrawn “in kind!’ by the 16,000 pensioners. The rest of (hem prefer to take the cash.

OLLA PODRIDA.

The hill near Jerusalem where tiu A i crucifixion of Jesus occurred is fovmeu i of limestone. The shores of the lAmd Sea are lined with pumice-stone, showered : out of some volcano that destroyed Sodoin , aud Gomorrah, which cities finnlly sank, beneath the. waters of tho-Doad Ueai. Italy stand aat the head of< the win (reproducing countries of Europe. She i manufacture* half us much again as France. Next on the list is Spain; them follow Ans tro-Hungary, Germany and! Switzerland in the order mentioned. It is not generally known that the country/ outside Europe which produces most wine is Algeria. A Pkiipetuali Sacked ■‘Finn,—ln. the peninsula of Aboherontformorly bfld®ng>ing to Persia, hut now a- part at- Russia,, there is a perpetual, or; rather, what the: natives call an etorunl sacred-tire, which ■ is known to have been burning, continually for more than 2,000 years.- It rises from an irregular orifice of about 12: feet in depth aud 120 feet square. The ■ flames, which are constant, rise to ai height of from six to eight feet, unuc--companied with smoke or disagreeable smell, waving hack and forth with tire wind like a field of golden grain. Will Our Books Fali, to Pieces? —Experts ure predicting that the books of to-day will fall to pieces before the middle of the next century. The paper, in the books that have survived, two tux three centuries woe- made by> hand of. honest rags and without' the use of strong themicnls, while the ink w»b made of nut gnlls. To-day much of the paper for books is made, at' least in part, of wood pulp treated with powerful acids, while tue ink is a compound of various substances naturally at. war with the flimsy paper upon whioh it is laid. The printing of two- centuries-ago has improved with age; that of to-day, it is feared, will, within 50 years; have enten its way through the pages upon whichit is impressed.

Learjuinoto White.— The question is being asked, both in Europe and America, why it is that the handwriting of the average individual continues so.poor,, despite the time and effort spent by theschools In teaching the art of writing.. The physicians, too, aroused by their own peisonal observations, have raised a protest against existing methods of teaching writing. They hold that both myopia and scoliosis, which develop so lurgely during school life, are distinctly traceable and taught in writing lessons; that these harmful postures are due to the “slope" or “slant" of the writing; that the spine will certainly be- twisted unless an upright style of writing is adopted; that vertical writing, if substituted for the prevailing “sloping" style, would obviate all of these troubles. It has also been shown bv experiment that the vertical style of writing can be taught u_ore quickly than the “sloping," and, when learned, is more legible. We seem to lie reaching a point where the type-writer will do the whole business.

A Good Thing to Know.

A cooking club in Washington wn» broken up by matrimony in less than ,-t. year. Each member in turn ordered, cooked and served a dinner. Each one had the privilege of inviting a man to judge the cooking. Every man invited fell in love with a eook. One girl was a “raging belle,” She knew the secret of cooking a good;beefsteak. Instead of broiling it over the lire, she cooked it under. The slide the broiler wac put in was not unlike &. drawei with the coals on top.' This is the proper way to cook a beefsteak. The juice, instead of being drawn down, as it is when a steak is broiled over the coals, is drawn up, and tbo meat is unctuous and palatable. To win a sweetheart with a beefsteak Inot poetic—but the aftermath ut—[Albany Press and. Knickerbocker.