Democratic Sentinel, Volume 16, Number 42, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 4 November 1892 — Page 1

VOLUME XVI

CAR-COUPLING BILL.

Passed in the Democratic House Undei Suspension of Buies—'Killed in the Republican Senate at Depew’s Request. Following is a copy of the railroad cat coupling and air brake bill which the Democratic house passed under the suspension of rules but which the Re publican senate refused to pass: It is known as house bill No. 9350 and any railroad man can procure a copy by writing to his congressman. The bill was originally introduced by Congressman Martin, of Indiana: An act to promote the safety of employe: and travelers upon railroads by compelling common carriers engaged in interstate commerce to equip their cars with automatic couplers and continuous brakes and theii locomotive with driving-wheel brakes, and for oilier purposes. Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, That on and after the* Ist day of July, 1893, it shall be unlawful for any common carrier engaged in interstate commerce by railroad to put into use on its line any new locomotive to be used in moving interstate traffic that is not equipped with power driving-wheel brakes. Section 2. That "from and after the Ist day of July, 1895, it shall be unlawfor any such common carrier to use on its line any locomotive engine in moving interstate traffic that is not equipped with a power driving-wheel brake so arranged as t® bo operated in connection with the train-brake system. Section 3. That on and after the Ist day of July, 1895, it shall be unlawful for any such common carrier to use on its line for the purpose of moving interstate traffic any new car or any old car that has been to the shops for general repairs to one or both of its drawbars that is not equipped with automatic couplers of the standard designated under and in accordance with the provisions of this act. Section 4. That on and after the Ist day of July, 1898, it shall be unlawful for any such common carrier to haul or permit to be hauled or used on its line any car used in moving interstate traffic unless such car is equipped with automatic couplers of the standard designated under and in accordance with the provisions of this act. Section 5. That on and after the Ist day of July, 1895,' no such common carrier shall put into use or haul or permit to be hauled on its line for the transportation of interstate freight traffic any new car belonging or leased to it or any old car belonging or leased to it which subsequently to the passage of this act has been sent to its Ehops for general repairs, unless such car is equipped with brakes for each wheel and with trainbrake apparatus of such a nature that the brakes can be set and released from the locomotive.

Section 6. That on and after the Ist day of July, 1898, no such common carrier shall haul or permit to be hauled on its line for the transportation of interstate freight traffic any car whioh is not equipped with brakes for each wheel and with a train-brake apparatus of such a nature that the brakes can be set and released from the locomotive. Section 7. That on or before the Ist day of July, 1893, every such common carrier shall file with the interstate commerce commission in Washington . a statement certified to under oath by the president and clerk of the corporation, as the action of said corporation through its board of directors, setting forth such details with reference to the height, form, size and mechanism of freight car couplers as it deems essential in order to insure requisite uniformity, requisite automatic action, and requisite safety in service, and also stating the number of freight cars owned by It and under its control, and also the number of other cars under its control by lease on the 30th of June, 1892, exclusive of those use solely for state traffic. Such statements shall be made upon blanks to be provided by the interstate commerce commission and the determination of such commission in relation to the validity of the several statements received shall be final. If upon examining the statements so received said interstate commerce commission is of the opinion that companies owning at least 75 per centum of the freight cars owned and controlled as aforesaid by companies which shall have duly filed statements as aforesaid have agreed upon such details of freight car couplers as will insure requisite uniformity, requisite automatic action and requisite safety in service, said commission shall thereupon declare and publish that couplers complying with such details as agreed upon shall thereafter, until otherwise ordered according to law, be the standard couplers for use in the freight car interstate service. If the common carriers fail to establish a standard coupler as herein provided, then the standard automatic coupler shall be such coupler as shall be selected by the interstate commerce commission; and it is hereby made the duty of said commission, within six months after the Ist day of July, 1893, to select and designate some automatic coupler as a “standard type,” under the provisions of this act, and to promulgate notice of such selection. Section 8. That after July 1, 1898, any such common carrier mav refuse to accept or receive any car used in interstate commerce that is not properly equipped as required by this act, and the carrier loading or starting such car shall be liable for the damages, if any result therefrom. Section 9. That from and after the Ist of July, 1893, until otherwise ordered by the interstate commerce commission, it shall be unlawful for any railroad company to use any car in interstate commerce that is not provided with secure handholds in the ends and sides of each car. Section 10. That within ninety dfys from the passage of this act the American Railway association is authorized hereby to designate to the interstate commerce commission the standard height of drawbars for freight cars, measured perpendicular from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the and shall fix a maximum variation to be allowed between the drawbars of empty and loaded cars. Upon their determination being certified to the interstate .commerce commission, the commission shall give notice of the standard fixed upon, at once, to all common carriers, owners, or lessees engaged in interstate commerce in the United States by such means as the commission may deem proper, and thereafter all cars built or repaired shall be of that standard. But should said association fail to determine a standard as above provided, it shall be the duty of the interstate commerce commission to do so. And after July 1, 1893, no cars shall be need in interstate traffic which 4$

The Democratic Sentinel

not comply with the standard above provided for, either loaded or unloaded. Section 11. That any employe of any such common carrier who may be injured by any locomotive, car or train in use contrary to the provisions of this act shall not be deemed guilty of contributory negligence, although continuing in the employ of such carrier after habitual unlawful use of such locomotive, oar or train has been brought to his knowledge. Section 12. That any such common carrier violating any of the provisions of this act shall be liable to a penalty of SIOO for each and every such violation, to be recovered in a suit or suits to be brought in the district court of the United States having jurisdiction in the locality where such violation shall have been committed by the United States district attorney of such district, and it shall be the duty of such district attorney to bring such suits upon duly verified information being lodged with him of such violation having occurred. And it shall also be the duty of the interstate commerce commission to lodge with the proper district attorneys information of any such violations as may come to its knowledge. Passed the house of representatives July 8,1892. James Kerr, Attest: Clerk. Two Sides to the Labor Question.

DEMOCRATIC. * In twenty years Adlai E. Stevenson has never had a difficulty with the employes in his coal’ mines. It was a Democratic house that suspended the rules to pass the safetycoupler bill. A Democratic congress passed the eight hour bill. It was a Democratic house that forced the passage of the first Chinese restriction bill. A Democratic legislature in Indiaua repealed the infamous conspiracy act Irawn by Benjar min Harrison, which nade striking a felony and was intend■d to break down all labor organizations. A Democratic legislature made Labor Day a legal holiday in Indiana. A Democratic legislature drove the wolfish “pluck-me tores” from the mines of Indiana. A Democratic legislature made eight tours a day’s labor in Indiana. A Democratic legslature made ,it a r'elony to blacklist my discharged employe. A Democratic legislature compelled imployers to pay wages at least once in two weeks in lawful money. A Democratic {filature prohibited the employment of Pinkertons In Indiana ami rendered it impossible to repeat the Homestead horror in this state. A Democratic legisture gave the wageearner a mechanic’s lien for bis wages on the house he had built. A Democratic legislature enacted a law to protect labor union labels from counterfeits.

REPUBLICAN. Chauncey Depew was chiefly responsible for Harrison’s renomination. Powderly says Depew forced his men on the New York Central to strike in order to drive organized labor off his road. “The Americans know a good thing when they get it.”— Andrew Carnegie’s congratulations to Harrison on his renomination. D. O. Mills, Whitelaw Rfeid’s father-in-law, was the first man to import Chinese cheap labor into the United States. The Republican senate refused to fiass the safety-coup-er bill by which 20,000 railroaders would be saved from accident yearly, after the Democratic house had passed the bill. This was after the Minneapolis convention had pledged tht Republican party to enact the law. Whiielaw Reid ha: run a non-union printing office foi many years Threi times he has unionized his office just before election an< violated ins contract t>y non-union izing it just after election. Whitelaw Reid opposed the Chinese restriction law and called Blaine adema gogue and thief foi advocating it. Whitelaw Reid tie dared that ‘‘Laboi is trying to get more than its share —mori than the share ol capital and directing faculty.” Whitelaw Reid opposed paying labor ers on the dangerous work of building the Croton aqueduct fc a day because that was “more than >■ laborer was worth.’ Whitelaw Reid op posed the eight-honi law. Whitelaw Reid em ployed none but non union labor on his Ophir farm improvements. Whitelaw Reid declared that eight hours niight do for labor in Europe, but Americans ought to work longer. A Republican legislature in Indiana passed a bi’l drawn Dy Benjamin Harrison to make striking a felony. . The Republican managers in Indiana, led by their state organ, sought to prevent the giving of relief to the starving families of the coal miners of Clay county. Carnegie and Frick have given SIIO,OOO to the Republican campaign fund this year. Benjamin Harrison said, “A cheap coat means a cheap man under the coat. ”

Workingmen, which side do you choose?

Free Trade for Ricli Men. There is one bill that the last house passed that we challenge the Republican papers to publish, and that is the bill to compel the rich Americans, like Chauncey Depew, who visit Eurojte every year, to pay tariff on the clothes they bring back with them from the “pauper tailors” of Europe. Before the McKinley hill became a law an American on returning from Europe was allowed to bring foreign made clothes to the amount of SSO. But the McKinley bill changed this and now clothes to the amount of SSOO are allowed to come in free of duty. In the last session the tailors of the country united, and upon their petition a bill introduced by Congressman Cooper, of Indiana, passed the house, compelling these American dudes to pay tariff on the clothes they bring back every year from Europe, But it did not pass the Republican senate. Last year over $5,000,000 worth of clothes were thus imported free by rich Americans who spend their summers in Europe. The Democrats are ready to prove that all the clothes that Chauncey t>epew wears are made by an English tailor in London, and he pays not a cent Of taxes on . the same to bring them to this country. That is the way the McKinley bill protects the workingman—free trade in clothes for the millionaire and protection on clothes for the workingman. A vote for Harrison is a vote for the , {orce hill.

RENSSELAER IASPEH COUNTY INDIANA FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4 1892

M’KINLEY BILL TALK.

Prices of Clothing Have Gone the Same Direction Duties Went. The following prices of clothes and clothing are from a number of Tari ft Reform just issued by the Reform club. The duties on these goods are mostly from 50 to 100 per cent., and were increased 20 to 25 per cent, by McKinley. The prices are retail, unless otherwise specified, and were obtained from leading New York houses. Where several prices are given for the same article, they are for different grades or qualities of that article:

Aug., Aug., 1890. 1891. Woolen night shirts $3.44 $4.19 Neckties, each 74 .8!) Neckties, each 99 1.24 Foreign umbrella 1.99 2.24 Handkerchiefs, plain white, cotton and linen, printed borders, each 14 .17 Handkerchiefs, plain white, cotton and linen, printed borders, each 13 .15 Handkerchiefs, embroidered, linen and cotton, each 79 .92 Handkerchiefs, embroidered, linen and cotton, each 99 1.19 Spotted curtain, muslin, per yd. .24 .28 Spotted curtain, muslin, per yd. .30 .36 Buttons—Staple pearl buttons, per gross 10 .12 Manila pearl bottons, cheapest, per doz 30 .45 Silk plush for garments 50 inches wide, per yd ....8.00 1.00 CORSETS. Black wool 2.99 8.01 C. P. French, No. 203 2.99 3.61 FINS NATURAL UNDERWEAR. Price in Aug., Aug., Eng--1890. 1892. laud. Ladies’ light weight, . 3% pounds to dozen, per garment :$1.75 $2.00 SI.OO Men’s light weight shirt, 4 pounds 1 ounce to dozen 1.90 2.25 1.15 Men’s shirts, 14 pounds to dozen 3.95 4.75 1.95 Men’s shirts, medium weight, 11% pounds to dozen 3.50 4.00 1.65 UNDERWEAR. Aug., Price in 1892. England. Men’s Furley & Buttram shirts, retail. .$3.00 $1.20 Men’s Furley & Buttram shirts, retail.. 2.00 .60 Twelve thread merino shirt, 16 pounds to dozen, retail Ladies’ merino shirt, ' Cartwright & Warner or Furley & Buttram, retail 2.00(3.2.76 1.03 Ladies’ merino garment, retail 4.25 1.68 Child’n’s merino shirt, retail 1.60 .60 Child’n’s merino shirt, retail 2.08 ,[email protected] HOSIERY.

Price in IC9O. 1803. England Ladies’ cotton ribbed stockings, per pair. .$1.25 $1.50 .... Ladies’ cotton stockings, per pair 50 .62 .... Woolen stockiugs, per pair 50 .20 Woolen stockings, per pair 1.00 .48 Woolen, men’s half hose 25@30 .12 Woolen, men’s half hose 45@50 .18 UPHOLSTERY GOODS. Common lace curtains, per pair 78 .90 .48 Same, better quality.. 1.92 2.11 1,18 GLOVES. Aug., Aug., Price in 1890. 1893. Lug land. Men’s Fowne’s or Dent’s. Craven tail, per pair... .$1.50 $1.75 .85 Men’s Trefouse.per pair 2.00 2.25 (France) 1.50 Men’s kid glcves, Dent’s or Fowne’s 2.03 2.25 1.34 Ladies’ four button, Fowne’s.... 1.50 1.75 1.10 (All the above prices for average sizes.) LINEN GOODS —WIIOLESALE. Present price in 1893. 1892. England. Cheap crash toweling per yd 07 .10 .06 Cheap crash toweling, per yd 11 .12% .07 Huckaback towel, per doz 1.50 1.75 .77 Huckaback towel, per doz 1.75 * 2.00 1.20 Glass toweliugs, 18inch, all linen, per yd 09% .10% .06 Napkins, %, per dz 1.00 [email protected] .60 Napkins, %, per dz 1.25 1.40 .66 Napkins, %, per dz 1.75 2.00 .84 Napkins, %, per dz 2.00 2.25 .96 Cotton embroideries, wholesale. Hamburg edgings, common patterns, per yardpattern A 07% .09 .05 Pattern B 10% .12% ,05@5% Pattern C 10% .12 .00 Pattern D 12 .14 .05% Pattern E .06 .07 .01 Pattern F 02% .03 .02 Pattern G 06 .07 .(>4 Pattern H 02% .08 .02 These embroideries are the most common patterns and very extensively used; in fact they are used by nearly every woman in moderate circumstances. They are used for trimmings on all undergarments and white dresses.

Sample Ballots on JEectlon Day. Great precaution should be taken to have the voters properly instruoted. It is the duty of the county committee to supply sample ballots to be used near every polling place in the county on election day. Two or more persons familiar with the ballot ought to be placed in charge of the sample ballots, and every Democrat should be requested to practice on sample ballots before voting. The precinct committeeman who neglects to provide sample ballots, stamps and pads for use on election day neglects his duty. Voting is so easy under the Australian ballot law that a child five years old could vote. Touch the ink pad with the stamp tfoen stamp but once,

•‘A FIRM &.D ENOK TO CORRECT PRINCIPLES.”

Stamp the Rooster ami You Will Maki No Mistake".. If yon want to vote a S.i:.'jGHTDemo cratic Ticket, stamp within the bic

square containing t! e R istf.r at th top of the ticket. If you stamp withit the big square you must ret stamp any where else on the ticket or you will los your vote. Yon must not markon the ballot with anything but the stamp. You must not stamp except on the squares. If you ao cidently stamp off a square, return yout ballot to the poll clerks and get a new one. You must fold your ballot before com ingoutof the booth, so that the face will not show and the initials of the poll clerks on tlie hack will show. The following information will hell the voter: 1. If the voter wishes any information as to the manner of voting he may ask the poll clerks. 2. There aro two ballot-bows and two ballots to bo voted. One b.: 1 lot-box is painted red and is for the state ballot, which ballot is on red paper, the other ballot-box is painted wnite and is for the county ticket, which ticket is on white paper. 3. The voter enters the room, teliß the poll clerks his name; the clerks give him the two ballots to be voted and a stamp; (the stamp is a little stick with a rubber on the end of it;) the voter goes alone into one of the booths with the two ballots and the stamp; in the booth on a little shelf he will find an ink pnd: (this is a cloth saturated with ink;) the voter touches the ink pad with the stamp and then stamps his ballots. Let the ballots dry before folding. 4. After stamping his ballots and the ink has become dry, the voter then folds each ballot separately before leaving the booth; he must fold them so that no one can see liow ho has voted, and so that the initials or first letters of tho polls clerks' names can be seen on the backs of the ballots; lie then goes and gives the stamp back to the clerks, and hands the two ballots to the inspector; then he leaves the room. 5. After the voter comes out of the booth into the room he must be careful not to let any one see the inside of bis ballots; if he exposes his ballot so that it can be known how he votes, his ballot will be rejected. 6. If the voter can not read English, or is blind, or is physically unable to stamp his ballots, he has a right to call on the poll clerks to stamp his ballots for him; this must be done in his presence and in the presence of both poll clerks. 7. The voter must vote the ballots given him by the poll clerks and none other. 8. The voter must not put any mark or sign on his ballots; if he does, his vote will not be counted. If by accident he blots his ballot in stamping or makes a mistake, let him return the ballot folded to the poll clerks and get another.

General Rickies Defends Cleveland. On the sth of October. 1888, in the opera house at Utica, with President Cleveland’s record fresh in his and in the public mind, General Daniel E. Sickles spoke these brave and just words of the candidate of his party for president: Now as to President Cleveland’s record in behalf of the soldiers. They charge that he has vetoed a good many pension bills. So he has. I have lead liis views. 1 am a soldier. I love my soldiers. Had I been president and a congress had passed such bills for iny soldiers, 1 shonld have vetoed every one of them, too. They were mostly all frauds and shams, and I had no frauds under me. Any • right-minded man, sworn to discharge his duty, would have signed these vetoes as "President Cleveland did. General Sickles, continuing, gave President Cleveland’s record regarding pension bills and said: “I think the Republicans should hang their heads in shame in the presence of such a record.” Under Cleveland’s administration there were 192,070 pension claims allowed, an excess of 64,658 over the r'lowanceß under the preceding Republican administration. During General Black’s administration of the pension bureau under Cleveland there w:is disbursed for pensions $284,738,000, an excess of $62,112,000 over the payments during the GarfieldArthur administration. President Cleveland signed more private pension bills than were approved during sixteen preceding years of Republican administration. Mr. Cleveland has neither said nor done anything, since General Sickles’ just eulogy of him four years ago, to earn the disfavor of any soldier.

The Sentinel’s offer of a $5 reward for the photograph of an Indiana workman whose wages has lieen increased by the McKinley law is still open. We will supplement it with a reward of $lO for the titlo of any act passed by a Republican legislature in Indiana in the interests of labor.—lndianapolis Sentinel. Before you stamp inside the square containing the rooster, be sure that you ink the stamp on the ink pad, so as tc mark the ballot plainly. Stamp but once. If you vote a mixed ticket don’t stamp the square containing the rooster, bnt stamp the little square opposite the candidates you want to vote for. The registration clause of the Anstra lian law has been declared unconstitutional by the supreme court.

HOW TO VOTE.

Evolution of the Republican Bugaboo.

English “Free Trade” Working the cobden Club Racket.

The "Wild-Cat" Money Bugaboo.

Honest Grover for Honest Money.

[Grover Cleveland’s Letter of Acceptance.] The people are entitled to sound and honest money abundantly sufficient in volume to supply their business needs, but whatever may be the form of the people’s currency, national or state—whether gold, silver or paper—it should be so regulated and guarded by governmental action, or by wise and careful laws, that no one tan be deluded as to (he certainty and stability of its value. Every dollar put into the hands of tho people should be of the same intrinsio value or purchasing power. With this condition absolutely guaranteed both

$100,000 from Carnegie.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie having given SIOO,OOO to the Republican boodle fund, the Philadelphia Times makes the following pertinent suggestions: “Suppose Mr. Carnegie had contributed SIOO,OOO to the wages of his workmen, instead of cabling from his baronial castle in Scotland to reduce their wages and then making a gift of SIOO,OOO to the Republican corruption fund, would not the workingmen of Homestead and of the state be today much more inclined to vote for Harrison? “Suppose that Mr. Carnegie had contributed SIOO,OOO to partly reimburse the state for its outlay of $600,000 to protect his projierty against workmen striking against reduced wages, instead of giving SIOO,OOO to be expended by John I. Davenport and David Martin to debauch the election, would not the people of Pennsylvania, of all parties, feel that he had made a better use of the money he has made by tariff taxes intended to benefit labor, but which he has refused to labor? If the Republicans win this election it will be the last one conducted by officers chosen by the people. If the Republicans win, the force bill will be revived and passed. As it provides that elections shall be conducted by officers appointed for life by the United States court, the people will have nothing to do except to vote. The life-long federal office holder will do the rest. There should be held in every school house of the county, next Saturday night, voting schools where the voters of the district can familiarize themselves with the method of voting under the amended Australian election law. Sample ballots will be provided by the county committee. If you make a mistake in stamping return your ticket to the poll clerks. They will give you another one. Don’t fail to attend the school district meetings for the purpose of practicing on sample ballots.

Waving the Bloody Shirt.

gold and silver can be safely utilized upon equal terms in the adjustment of our currency. In dealing with this subject no Hellish scheme should be allowed to intervene and no doubtful experiment should 1)6 attempted. Thd wants of our people arising from the deficiency or imperfect distribution of money circulation ought to be fully and honestly recognized and efficiently remedied. It should, how ever, bo constantly remembered that the inconvenience or loss that might arise from such a situation can be much easier borno than the universal distress which must follow a discredited currency.

In the August number of The Postal Guide, issued by Pious John Wana-makf-r, postmaster general by the grace of his money and Benjamin Harrison, the people of the United States are informed that all the postmasters at county seats in the whole country have been following Wanainaker’s directions and have visited all the postoffices in their resjiective counties. It is well understood that these visits were planned to pay the expenses of the postmasters at the county seats while they ure fixing up political mutters for their chief and Uncle Ham pay the bill. It was a grand scheme of this pious administration of Wannmaker. It is gravely announced also that they will take pleasure “in making the visits suggested,” and some write that they “will very cheerfully comply and accept your (Wanumaker’s) invitation to again visit the county post (ffices. Of course tliey. will all make the second visit just liefore election at tho expense of the people and the country postoffice will be thoroughly inspected and perhaps a report made of the number of Democratic letters and newspapers received at them. Pious John is coming to Indiana to personally supervise this grand {xilitical scheme. The tone of the letters received from the county seat postmasters is very happy. They all write, so the August Guide 'publishes, that they will “cheermake lhe visits. This last move of Pious John surpasses the magnitude of his contribution of 1888, but this time Uncle Ham foots the bills. Go to the polls early and stay all day. To vote a straight ticket stamp within the big square containing the rooster, and no other place. Stamp but once within the square. Save your county paper containing the legal advertisement of the state and county ballots. Yon can use them to Instruct voters if you have no sample ballots. It is the man who knows it all that will lose his vote this year because he will never inquire. The intelligent man will not be afraid to ask questions. To vote a straight ticket, stamp anywhere inside the square containing the rooster. Stamp but once, or your ticket will be thrown away.

Plous John Wanamaker.

NUMBER 42

A Bit of History.

Republican protection has a short and Instructive history. Here it is in a few words, aud the facts and dates here given may be verified by any man who has access to documents. Republicans themselves will not deny these facts and dates, though they will hardly eig ree to the conclusions that must be drawn from them by fair minded men. When the so called Morrill tariff was passed in 1861 the tariff then in force was extremely low; in fact, the lowest since 1816, and the country had not had a really high protective tariff for many yeal*. Speculation in no way connected with the tariff has paralyzed business in 1857, and the Morrill tariff was adopted avowedly to increase a dwindling revenue. It increased duties, but Mr. Morrill himself has declared that it was not asked for and was coldly welcomed by the manufacturers. Senator John Sherman declares that the manufacturers wished to be let alone. That was the first advance of duties after 1857, but it did not mark a return to protective feeling, and Mr. Morrill declared that it was the intention of the aot to restore the duties of 1846. Now, the tariff of 1846 was in the main a revenue tariff. When the country got well into the civil war large revenues becAme necessary, and In July, 1862, an internal revenue bill, taxing domestic manufacturers, was passed. In the same month a new tariff bill was passed. Its authors deolared that it increased duties only in order that highly taxed domestic products might not have to compete with low taxed or duty free imported products. Thus the first dose of Republican protection was merely to make up to domestic manufacturers for the taxes exacted by tho internal revenue. In some Instances, however, duties were high enough to do a gren 1 ileal more than this. Other tariff acts were passed In 1803 and 1864, In each case, it was declared, for the purpose of offsetting the effects of the internal revenue taxes. But the framers of the bill were genuine Republican protectionists, and in many instanoes they permitted the manufacturer* who were to profit by tiie measure to say Just what certain duties should be. The bill was passed In haste, especially by the senate. This practically closes the series of war tariffs, and the tariff as it was after the act of 1864 has been the basis of nil subsequent tariffs with a few conspicuous exceptions and many trifling variations. The averugu rate of duties on dutiable goods in 1865 was rather more than 47)tf per cent. When the war was over oongress began to tako off the internal revenue taxes, and by 1873 all domestic products save spirituous aud malt liquors, tobacco, matches, patent medicines and a few minor articles were made tax free. It must be remembered t hat the excuse for Republican protection to domestic manufactures was the fact that they were for tho purpose of raising internal Revenue, When the latter (.axes were removed, of course the high protective duties shoutd logically have been removed. But they were not. Manufacturers, fattened by Republican protection, demanded that it be continued, and continued it was. In fact, duties in special coses were Increased from time to tituo. v Theory of protection to infant industries was raised and the workingman was likewise put'forwnrd as an excuse for continued Republican protection. In spite of a growing sentiment against the evil system tho interested manufacturers have been able to maintain duties on most articles, aud now we have the McKinley tariff avowedly passed as a radical measure of Republican protection, with revenue as a mere incident. I

Every Man His Own Protection.

There live* in New York an Irishman who sometimes goes over to his native isle, and who learns a thing or two at each visit. Upon one of these visits he found that one workingman in the region where the visitor found himself wits paid considerable more per week than tils fellows got. “Why do they pay you more than these other men get?” lie asked the laborer. "Because I’m worth more,” was the answer. ‘‘l’ve been to America and learned how to work." Any one who knows American working men and workingmen abroad can understand this. We are the nerviest, cleverest, hardiest people on earth. It is not boasting to say this; it is simple truth. Not only is this true, but it is also true that Intelligent foreigners coming to America soon catch our ways and learn how to do almost the work of two days in one. A man who lias studied the Italians says that when these men first come to America they are slow and awkwnrd, but they presently learn how to work and develop into excellent workmen. This is as true of skilled as of unskilled workmen. The Italian mechanic is accustomed to lighter tools than we use in America, and he finds himself at a disadvantage until he learns the ways of our people, but if lie has the stuff in him he gets to doing an American Instead of an Italian day’s work. A contractor who had built railroads all over the world said that the cost per mile was no more in Illinois at $1.85 per day for labor than in British India at nine cents a day for labor. The talk about foreign pauper labor and the danger of its competition is a humbug. We need not fear it, because it is pauper labor. The laborer to be feared is the fellow who can do a bigger day’s work than the American laborer, and he has yet to be born. In British India a man who is not more than fairly well off will have a dozen servants in his bouse, each at ridiculously low wages, but they will not do the work of two wide awake women with American training, and their wages, taken altogether, amount to more than you’d pay to three such women. Where American workmen are paid more than foreign workingmen it is because they are worth more and not because of protection. If you hire ten skilled workingmen of American birth or training to do a piece of work and pay them $3.50 per day, the cost of doing that work will be thirty-five dollars a day. If you hire three times as many unskilled, Untrained, inefficient men at one-third the wages, you’ll pay the same amount in the aggregate and get no more work done. But are there no foreign workingmen as skillful and efficient as American workingmen? In a few trades there are foreigners who can do things that our people cannot do, or can do but poorly, and those men are often as well paid as American workingmen. In other trades there are skilled foreigners whose hours are shorter than those of workingmen in America, or who use less labor saving machinery, and therefore get less work done. As a rule, however, the day’s labor of an American is worth more than the day’s labor of a foreigner who has not learned our ways, and for that reason the wages of the American are higher. The best protection of American labor lies in the energy, skill, intelligence and persistency of the American laborer. “Every man his own protection” is a good cry. i