Democratic Sentinel, Volume 16, Number 23, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 24 June 1892 — Page 5

GRAINS OF GOLD.

PEOPLE IN EUROPE ACQUIRING A TASTE FOR CORN. How the Department of Agriculture Is Teaching Europeans to Eat Corn —Maize for China. The maize crop of this country is valued at $800,000,000 annually. If a demand for the cereal could be created abroad the market price would necessarily nse, and it is reckoned that an increase of 5 cents a bushel would in ten years put one thousand million dollars into the pockets of American farmers. “Com has come to stay in Germany,” writes Colonel C. J. Murphy, agent for the maize propaganda, from Berlin. Already two corn-grinding mills have been established at Hamburg, two at Stettin, two at Dresden, one at Hanover, and one at Biberstein. Others are about to be put into operation. Stettin, the most important port of the Baltic sea, has imported this spring from the United States 25,000 tons of maize. Imports of com from America into Germany have taken a big jump within the last four-months. Most of the mills are working night and day, and the-demand for cornmeal is so treat that it is impossible for them to 11 their orders. The German government is now putting a corn-grinding plant into one of its mills at Magdeburg. This is the first step toward the contemplated introduction of maize into the rations of theariny. Such a departure, however, cannot bo taken suddenly, because it would be injudicious to appear to forco the food upon the soldiers, inasmuch as that would be likely to render it distasteful to them. Accordingly the authorities will go slow in the matter, their presentpiotion being to make the military bread eventually two-thirds rye and one-third corn. This would signify an enormous saving, owing to the comparative cheapness of the yellow grain, of which not less than 500,00 U hundred weight would be required for the army of Germany annually. In the windows of numerous bakeries in Berlin and other Gorman cities are to be seen to-day huge red paper signs bearing in big black letters the words “Murphy Bread! Two-thirds rye; onethird com. Five-pound loaf for 14 cents. Former price for three-pound loaf 11 2-3 cents.” This is a translation. One German commercial house has scoured the agency for certain American corn mills, aud is thus enabled to sell meal before the maize arrives. The difficulty has been to get the corn from the United States fast enough to supply the demand. Colonel Murphy lias sent a loaf of the rye-corn bread, together with a Bainple of meal, to each of the 400 members of the Reichstag. The magazine representing the interests of German pistry and cake bakers will include in its next number an article highly recommending corn to the trade. One of the greatest problems which confront Europeun statesmen today is the question of maintaining the present enormous military establishments ut the highest point of efficiency with the lowest charge on the tax-burdened people. Into this question the matter of rations enters very importantly, the demand being for a diet 'concentrated, highly nutritious and at the same time sufficiently varied. Maize affords just such food stuff, being especially valuable where muscle and hard labor are required. The greater part of the bread consumed by the armies of the South during the Rebellion was of corn, and likewise a large portion of that which was supplied to the Federal troops. There is no other food which is susceptible of preparation by cookery in such a variety of palatable forms. Colonel Murphy has published in a widely circulated pamphlet 130 different recipes for dishes to b 9 composed with it. Many of these he has prepared himself in public, serving them free to all comers, such as homijjy, Boston brown bread, Indian pones, Johnny cakes, corn mush, Indian pudding, corn dodgers, green corn pudding, corn griddle cukes, crumpets, corn wattles and gophers, croquettes, corn fritters, canned com, succotash, pino'.e, samp and corn grits. Pinole is a preparation of the vegetable now served out as a ration in the Mexican army. Com was first cultivated by white men on the James river. Virginia, in' 1608. The seed was obtained from the Indians, who claimed to have received the plant direct from the Creator. Whatever the actual origin of corn may have been modern botanists and naturalists are agreed that the earliest species was the kind known as “zea tunica” or “clothed com.” That is, each kernel on the ear was inclosed in a separate husk, like grains of wheat in the head. Descending from this type varieties have become almost innumerable, each country, climate and soil producing their own modifications. No other plant thrives so well in all latitudes. There are five distinct species of corn —dent, flint, sweet, soft and pop. No fewer than seventy-five varieties are grown in Nebraska alone. The different varieties of maize have bepn so determined by cultivation that each will invariably produce ears true to typo when kept free from others. It is said that the Indians have producod such well-defined mixtures of the kernels on the ears as to make it possible to describe by what tribe any particular ear has been grown. For example, one tribe has all reel and white grains, and another all pure black, and so on, even to the arrangement of the different colored grains on the ear. The adoption of these distinctions is said to have been originally for the purpose of detecting thefts of com by one tribe from another. The great “corn patch,” embracing Indiana, Iffinoiis, lowa, Missouri. Kansas, and Nebraska, produces enough of the cereal in one year to load a string of wagons, placed end to end and each carrying forty bushels of shelled corn, extending around the world six times. The line would stretch in a straight line 154,879 miles. Loaded on freight cars carrying *SOO bushels each, tho same quantity of shelled corn would require for carrying it four trains stretching continuously from New York to San Francisco, with a train 2,5C0, milts long left over. Trave ling at the usual rate such a train would require a whole year to puss through Chicago. Col. Murphy asserts that com can be, landed on the coast of China from the United States in thirty days by steam, ar d can be sold for one-half the price of rice, which, as everybody knows, is the principal food of the Chinese. When they find this out it will not take the pig-tnlled orientals long to learn how to cook maize. They are so poor that they will eat anything which will sustain life, cheapne.-s being the first consideration. Supposing this frugal diet once introduced among them, it is amazing to consider the quantity of the cereal whinh they would consume, taking into view the fact that the population of that country is 400,000,000. Processes are said bars been recently devised by

which baked com breatr jan be preserved in good condition for a yoar or even more. At present 20,000,000 bushels of the maize produced in this country are annually used for purposes of distillation.—[Washington Star.

INHUMAN OCCUPATION.

Children Crippled and Hired to “Beggar Farmers.’’ The Foire au Pain d’Epice, or gingerbread fair, which is held every spring, in the Fauborg St. Antoine and the Place de la Nation, Paris, and which is notorious for tho number of natural and artificial phenomena exhibited in its gaudily draped booths, was this year much enhanced by the appearance before the publio of twenty to thirty culs-ae-jatte, whose aspect was so wretched and pitiful that they reaped a truly golden harvest. These unfortunate cripples whose shrivelled legs ate curled up oa the boards on which they sit, and who go about propelling themselves by -the aid of their hands, remind one of the horrors which used to be seen in the Cour des Miracles of bygone years. In Spain, and more especially in the neighborhood of Tolosa there are a number of inhuman monsters called “beggar-farmers” whose noble and philanthropic avocation it is to manufacture the cul-de-jatte who are met so frequently in France, Italy, and even Belgium. Whenever there is a weakly boy or girl born in the families of the peasants in the above mentioned districts the “begger-farmer" persuades the parents to hire the infant to him at so much per diem. When once they have obtained the child they begin the heartless and cruel operations which end iu making a cul-de-jatte of the little creature thus confided to their care. The weak, pliable legs of the “subject” are tightly compressed and twisted with unyielding bandages which so effectually prevent the circulation of the blood that little by little the lower limbs wither away, and become curled and useless in orthodox cul-de-jatte fashion. In 1887 M. Wnldeck-Rousseau, then Minister of the Interior, prohibited the introduction of these Spanish monstrosities into France, but his decree soon became a dead-letter and this year more than 400 of these miserable cripples have crossed the frontier. The “beggarfarmers” pay the parents or relatives of the poor wretohes, ten to twenty cents a day for their hire. Twenty cents, however, is only paid—being a large sum in those districts—when the cul-de-jatte’s personal attractions are augmented by some other infirmity such as blindness, a missing arm, or some very apparent and hideous skin disease. The mouths of the “traders in human miseery” positively water when they encounter so favorable a specimen; for they are f ully aware that he can be turned into a perfect mine of profit if properly managed, and they pounce upon their victims with an ardor worthy of a better cause. —[New York Tribune.

Queen Bess’s Mead.

Comparatively few people nowadays know from personal experience what mead is. A sweet, sickly, honey drink, which the concocter called mead, was once proffered to me in a country place as a sovereign remedy for a cold, but of the two the cold seemed the lesser evil. The Russians still make mead secundum artfem, but only in romote purts of England is th-re any of the drink of the Norse divinities yet to be had. The writer 'of an article in the Manchester Quarterly some time ago mentioned with enthusiastic approval some very old bottled mead which he met with in tho course of some rural wunderings, and it is conceivable that a sweet and luscious beverage like mead would gain immeasurably by age. Queen Elizabeth was a mead drinker, and her grace’s recipe for the beverage has been carefully preserved. It seems a fragrant mixture: Take of sweetbrier leaves and thyme eaoh one bushel, rosemary half a bushel, bay leaves one peck. Seethe these ingredients iu a furnace full of water (containing not less than 120 gallons); boil for half an hour, then pour the whole into a vat, and when cooled to a proper temperature of about seventy-five degrees Fahr., strain the liquor. Add to every six gallons of the strained liquor one gallon of fine honey, and work the mixture together for half an hour. Repeat the stirring occasionally for two days; then boil the liquor afresh, skim it until it becomes clear, and return it to the vat to cool; when reduced to a proper temperature, pour it into a vessel, work it for three days and turn. When fit to bo stopped down, tie up a bag of beaten cloves and uiaoe—about half an ounce of eaoh—and suspend it in the liquor from the bunghole. When it has tffeod for six months it is fit for use.—[Gentleman’s Mugazine.

What Are Diatoms?

The plants in question are so small as to be seen only with the aid of the microscope; those of ordinary size, when magnified about three hundred and fifty diameters, appear about quarter of an inch long. Others are much larger. They are curious little plants with a silica shell, which, in certain places, is provided with little apertures through which living parts of the pl«nt protrude. In tbis way they are enabled to move about freety in the water by which they are generally surrounded, for, though they are not all strictly water plants, the}’ all need considerable water to enable them to thrive, and so are always found in wet places. Owing to their freedom of motion they we.e at one time supposed to be animals. Now it is known that they are plants, as they can perform all the functions of plants, and no animal, with all his superiority, high nature, etc., is able to do this. They are found everywhere in all inhabited countries, and -in fact, all over the seas, so it may be readily granted that a plant so commou and wide-spread as this should be quite familiar to every one. Again, «>t only are the living plants so wide spread and common, .but the shells of the dead ones remain intact for many years; and hi certain localities these tiny shells are so numerous as to form a large portion of the soil. Some of the best known of these localities are the sites of Richmond,Va., and Berlin in Germany.—[Popular Science Monthly.

Far Out Upon the Waters.

The New South Shoal lightship is farther off shore than any light in the world, being twenty-six miles from the nearest land. It is the last stationary human habitation seen by passengers on Transatlantic steamers bound outward from New York, and is sought by those vessels as the first mark to steer by on their return. Not far from the shoal which it guards are the dreaded “Banks"

which Have Deen a vemaDte graveyard for ships, having a record of 500 known disasters. Tho vessel that runs upon them is beyond human help. There, like the phantom ship of fabled story,“Lightship No. 1, New South Shoal,” sails a voyage without an end, being anchored with an iron cable, and is buffeted by •continual storms. Twenty-three times she has broken from her moorings, frequently on such occasions drifting out into thp middle of the ocean, because she is built for riding out gales and goes to lseward like a crab. Acoideuts of this sort are apt to happen to lightships. The ouo at Cross Rip, iu Nantucket Sound, was once lost for more then a month, fetohing up in the Gulf of Mexico,, and being towed in finally to New Orleans with all hands safe aboard. By using her propeller, it is believed that the proposed steam lightship for the New South Shoal will be able to ease the strain on her chain and so avoid breaking away.

The Fiercest Animal.

‘ ‘What is the fiercest animal in the world?” asked a Washington Star writer of a zoologist. ‘ ‘The mole,” ho replied. “You are surprised, but such, in my opinion, is the fact. People ordinarily look upon the mole as n sluggish and harmless oreature, spending its life in groping blindly underground. As usual, the popular idea was a mistaken one. The mole is in reality the most ferocious and most active of animals. Imagine it magnified to the size of a tiger, and you would have a more terrible beast than the world has yet seen. Though with defective powers of vision and therefore incapable of following its prey by sight, it would be agile beyond conception, springing this way and that as it went along, leaping with lightning quickness upon any creature that in met, rending it to pieces it a moment, devouring tho yet warm and bleeding flesk and instantly seeking, with hunger insatiable, for a frosh victim. This creature would, without hesitation, devour a serpent twenty' feet in length, and so tremendous would be its voracity, that it would eat twenty or thirty such snakes hi tho course of a day. With one grusp of its teeth and a single clutch of its claws it could disembowel an ox, and, if it should happen to enter a fold of sheep or an inclosure of cattle, it would kill them all for the mere lust of slaughter. Let two such animals meet and how terrific would be the battle! Fear is a feeling which the mole seems never to entertain. In conflict with an adversary of its own kind its efforts are exclusively directed to injuring his opponent, without regard for its own protection. An examination of tho skeleton of the mole will repay your trouble, so wonderful is its adaptation of structure to its manner of It looks like a veritable machine for digging, and it has several accessory bones which are not found in any other living beast, being discovered only in certain fossil.forms.”

A Lighthouse with a Romantic History.

One of the most wonderful lighthouses in the world is that at Minot's Ledgo, near Boston. Its history hud been ono of romauco. The greater part of its foundation is under water at low tide.

In 1847 a skeleton lighthouse of iron was erected there on iron piles placed in holes drilled into the rock. A furious hurricane burst upon the coast in April, 1851, and anxious watchers from tho Cohasset shore thought that tho structure had been carried awuy., But, us the sun sank, out shoue the light across the stormed-tossed waters. At teu p.m. the light was seen for tho last time. At one hour after midnight the fog-bell was heard above the roaring of the breakers. At daybreak the ocean was a blank; the lighthouse was gone. Knowing that no help could roach them, the keepers had lighted their lamp as a warningto others, and their lives had gono out with it. Now a granite tower occupies the spot. So difficult, was it to lay the foundation in the surf that only thirty hours’ work could be done tho first year, but the tower stands to-day as enduring as' the ledgo itself —an isolated pile of stone amid the waves, by the forco of which it is swayed like a tree in the wind. During the long Winter months all communication with the land is shut off. In Summer the occasional visitor is hoisted into the light-house from his boat by means of a chair, and from time to time a skiff is lowered by pulleys to convey one or another o£ the five keepers to the shore. The life tells on them frightfully. Several of them have been removed because they have gone insane, and more than one of them has attempted suicide.

There are half-a-dozen such isolated light-houses on the lonely Florida reefs. The existence led by the keepers of these solitary posts has an extraordinary effect upon them. Before long they talk each other out, become morose, and usually quit speaking to each other except for business. A light-house similarly situated is on a rock in Lake Huron, marking the fatal Spectacle Reef. It stands in eleven feet of water, and is exposed in Winter to the almost irresistible force exerted by great ice-fields moved to and fro by the currents. Sometimes the ice is piled up against it ns high as thirty feet. It is not lighted, ho*ever, during the season when navigation is closed. Une of the most desolate spots for a lighthouse is on one of the Farallone Islands in the Pacific, twenty-three miles out from the Golden Gate. On the highest point, 360 feet above the sea, is a small brick tower containing one of the most important and powerful lights on the West Coast. It is supplemrtited by a fog whistle whioh may fairly be considered one of the wonders of the world—a huge t.umpet blown by the rush of air t.iroagh a cave which forms a passage opening into the ocean. One of the many caves worn by the surf on the shore of the island chanced to have a hole in its top, through which the incoming breakers violently expelled the air carried before them. Such “spout holes” are not uncommon on rocky coasts.

Spread of Hippophagy.

Horse meat is quite extensively eaten in several European countries. Its use in Paris began in July, 1866, and in 1869 the consumption was 2,758 horses, 65,000 during the siege, 5,732 in 1872, and 10,619 in 1877. The horse butcheries numbered 48 on January 1, 1874, and 132 on January 1, 1889. The present price of the meat is about half that of beef. Horse butcheries are rapidly increasing in other Frentji cities, and their output is becoming enormous, and were seriously affecting the trade in other meats. Horse meat is in great favor in Rotterdam, as well as in Germany, Denmark, Sweden jhd parts of Italy, although rejected in Turin. Regrets have been expressed that it has not been adopted in Spain, where it would greatly benefit many poor laborers. --{Trenton (N. J.j American.

COOL JUNE COSTUMES.

RICH COLORS ARE LAVISHLY DISPLAYED. Be Gorgeous or Ton’ll Be Commonplace” Is the Motto at the Summer Keaort This Season Handsome LuceTrimmed Reception Dress, etc. New York Fashion Letter.

S I halt in front A of the show windows and look upon the quaint types of k headgear bearing y. ■ such names as Mother Goose, Nek Mother Hubbard, Welsh Peasant, y- Hogarth and Mephis to, awaiting patiently their turn \'t for some dainty girlish head to I co me along and nestle under them, I’m almost 1 n - dined to think that this fondness tor tho quaint and picturesque is tho

first symptom of discontent, the first manifestation of dissatisfaction with tho upstanding, bristling, crisp and perky styles of dress that have now prevailed for a number of years, and that mayhap the gracious Queen of Modes is on the point of decreeing a return to the long, tho loose and tho flowing, to scoop and scuttle bonnets with frilled fronts, to short waists and, oh, dear, even to shawls again, writes our New York correspondent. Think of it! But of ono thing be assured, if we do go back to shawls they will never bo worn in the old way, never, but tho groat designers will fold and drape them in some artistic style, and we shan't look so shapeless ancUungirt as one might imagine. However, for the passing moment a woman must strive for ourvo and contour, and, above all things, must Bhe display figure, by which I mean waist. It need not run to waspish slenderness, but it must be there, and pleats or folds and cascades must be transparent enough to let its glory shine through. In my initial illustration you seo this accentuation of the figure by means of corselet. The material of this dress is a crepon,

LACE-TRIMMED RECEPTION DRESS.

and there is a lace collarette and a lace flounce. The deep cuffs and the corselet are of silk of the same tone as the deepest stripe of the crepon. The cuffs are embroidered. At the summer resorts the motto this season will be: Be gorgeous or you’ll be commonplace. Never before have my eyes rested upon such rich colors and so lavishly used. One bright tone is not enough, but it must be shot or ribbed with another of equal intensity. But if you d n’t choose to display these brilliant tones in your gowns, you may show your colors by wearing silk underskirts of bright hues and charming make-up, and these you may display with all the coquetry you are mistress of by raising your dress as you trip along the verandas or go out on the promenade for your morning wn[k. Silk underskirts are to be the only wear, batiste and luce aro only admissible with dance toilets, and even then they may be replaced with white silk. You will And an elegant dinner or reception dress pictured in my second illustration, a green satin trimmed with Chantilly lace —ft very charming combination for a woman no longer young. The prevailing style of round bodices over which the skirt fits and the use of corselets or high sashes, flat or folded, the whole being set off with a dainty flgaro or natty bolero or a trim waiter’s jacket, all go to show that the long,

slim, trim figure Is to be the summer favorite, and woe betide the poor girl who falls into the category of dumpy. She will be obliged to use all her powers of fascination to keep pace with this sprite of the fashion plates, who looks so superbly tall and willowy. But some girls succeed in spite of such a drawback as a dumpy figure. There is no waiter’s jacket, no matter how becoming it may be, that can offset a pair of fine eyes or fill the place of a satiny skin with the glow of the peach in the cheek and the red of the cherry on the lips. These little jackets, of which I have spoken, look well in contrasting material or in guipure, black or white, lined with color. To attain the full possibilities of these charming little garments, you need some sort of a tasty front of cobwebby stuff that will melt into your coloring. The invention of the electric light has not only added to the effulgence of the Summer fete, but it made it a thousand times more enjoyable by Illuminating the ball-room without heating it. The young people may waltz with some comfort- and also feel that the delicate combinations of color in their toilets are preserved in their exact tones. These are things to be thankful for. But the young people don’t have It ull their own

way at these hotel hops. They are the soft and tender petals of the heart of the rose; on the outside come the larger and grander leaves, with a deeper glow and a richer texture. I refer to those married women whose feet, alas, have grown just a bit too heavy for the springy measures of the modern dance. They must content themselves with looking on and rememberiug the days when they only weighed 125 and walked the earth with a fairy tread. In my third illustration I set before you a charming gown for an evening fete. It may be made up either in silk or satin. The Watteau effect should be in watered satin and the skirt rucking may be in feathers or silk-headed with galloon, which also eiloircles the bodice. The sash closes at the back under a rosette, and the lace forms epaulets and short sleeves. Tho skirt is gored and must be glove-fitting at the hips. If tho shoulders bo narrow tho lace epaulets should be set on very full to gain width. But not all women go to summer resorts for a life of excitement; some go there to rest, for a change of air, and,

MORNING GOWN.

strange as It may sound, for a quiet time. A woman may grow too stout to danoo, to ride horseback, or take long walks, but there is no reason why she should lose her taste for dainty attire and all the flimflams of modlshness. If a woman converses well, she needs a quiet place to show off her abilities. She can’t talk a trombone down, or even compete with two violins and a bass viol. Such a woman is very apt to love tho soft and gracoful attire of tho boudoir or drawing-room. My fourth illustration pictures a very charming morning gown made up in a flowered woolen stuff with an embroidered front. At tho back thero is an embroidered plastron with a Watteau pleat on each side. Tho loose fronts must bo lined with silk. The silk cuffs have an undersleeve of laco with an olastlo. The front may bo made of flowers of muslin embroidered with colored flowerets.

The Russian blouso, In colors that will rival the gorgeous poouy and outshine the dazzling poppy, will be a great favorite with the young folks at summer resorts, and it will behoove them to keep clear of country barnyards, lost they excite the ire of the pompous turkey cock. The girl in a blouso is really quite an end of the century production, for the garment slgnlllos that the wearer belongs to that class of womahood known as the emancipated. As a rule, tho girl in a blouse flouts the Idea of a male escort, unless, of course she wunts him. She scorns to be dependent upon an outstretched male hand at ovciy turn. She is usually woll up in athletics, and has even mastered the abracadabra of a base-bull score. Jn my last illustration I gave you un excellent view of the girl in a blouse, and to look at her it would take very little lmaglna-

SILK BLOUSE.

tion to conclude that she had come over the fence rather than away around through tho gate. This blouse is of surah, has no seam at tho back. The velvet ribbon simulates a Swiss belt. Tho lower piece extends around to the back, the ends crossing. The lace collarette has a velvet ribbon border which ends in a bow at the back; tho deep cuffs should bo covered with lace. If it really be true that straws show which way the wind blows, then It might be as well to bid our summer girls a long farewell, for there Is no predicting where their hats will lead them. “To lunacy!” I hear some crusty old bachelor exclaim, but not so, for there’s plenty of method In all this madness. These curious bits of headgear are all springes to catch male woodcock, and tho cup and saucer hat is the very latest novelty In this line. Tho brim Is the saucer and tho crown the cup, the latter being filled with tall daffodils or tulips, or with even an entire plant of a dandelion, But in some the flowers—roses or double violets devoid’ of stems and foliage—merely fill the cup crown. Anyway, the cup and saucer hat is a pretty piece of fantastic headgear for a round, girlish head with a saucy face in front of it. As usual, the fashionable girl will follow the natural precession of flowers, starting out with buttercups, daisies, dandelion, and fruit-tree blossoms, later in tho season reveling in rosis, and still later decking her hat with the fruits and berries. It is quite safe to say that the pancake or-flat effects in hats have seen their last days. The tall crown smothered 1n flowers has quite wiped it out of existence.

True moderation is neither tame, insipid, nor languid. It calls upon all the energies and all the powers of our nature for its development; it make us not less, but more, manly and womanly; not less, but more, determined and resolute; not less, but more, hopeful and enthusiastic. It is not for age alone, when the passions may have cooled and the energies abated, but for youth also, when they are warm and strong. It embodiee the force and vigor of youth, the wisdom and judgment of maturity, the calmness and experience of age. Mme, Patti, replying to an interviewer, declared that alcoholic stimulants of any kind tended to irritate the throat, and should be entirely abstained from by those who wish to cultivate singing. “How does it happen that the Rev. Worldly performs the marriage ceremony for so many old maids?” “Oh, ha always asks them in an audible tone il they are of age, and they all like him.* It Is a statistical fact that the wicked work harder to reach hell than the righteous do to snter heaven.

A COMMERCIAL CURSE.

THE TARIFF WALLS BETWEEN US AND CANADA. Trade with Our Neighbor Is ns Effectually Impaired as Though She AVer© Situated In tho South Sea—Tarlfl'Trusts and Tramps. As a Wall Between Us. That there is as little use for tariff walls between tho United Statos and Canada as between different States, should bo evident to oil who think on the question. If tariff walls around each of our States would be unmitigated evils —as they certainly would be—those between us and Canada would naturally fall into the same catagory. Tho more numerous the tariff walls, and tho smaller the territory and population inolosed by each, the greater will be the injury done. Thus tho United Statos is surrounded by a tariff wall so high and obnoxious that if built around each of the fifty subdivisions, It would within a few years, render much of our territory and many of our States uninhabitable, and leave us in a most miserable condition. As it is, wo call ourselves prosperous in spite of the groat obstruction to commerce that surrounds us. Canada having a much smaller population than tho United States, naturally suffers more from hor tariff wall, though it is not so high as ours. The following portions of a letter in the Standard, of New York, for Juno 1, 1892, contains suggestions for us as well as for Canadians. It was written by Air. W. A. Douglass, of Toronto, Canada:

"Canada is about as compact as a whip-lash—much length, little width. I do not refer to her acreage, but to her settlements. It is the men and women that make a country, not the superficies. She is a settlement’of provinces, stretching across the continent like beads on a string. To tho north there is a vast extent of Arctic waste, from which thero 1b no possible danger of an inundation of cheap goods, but to the south lies the richest country on tho face of tho earth, with which she might enjoy a trade laden with wealth and fraught with beneflts; but from the dreaded inundation of American goods she carefully guards herself with a barbed wire fence, bristling with taxes. In fact, It is a doubly built fence, one-half supported In a neighborly way by tho United States to keep the Canadian farmer or lumberman from carrying his goods to tho best market, and then the Canadian government maintains a picket lino to spoil him of a largo part of his returns as he tries to bring them home.

"Here we have one of the most remarkable phenomena the world has ever witnessed—two nations, similar In language, In historical origin, in political institutions, In literary tastes, in every way so similar that the traveler may pass from one country to tho other without detecting any more difference than ho finds between two contiguous States, and yet, so far as trade is oonoerned, they are as widely separated as though they were on opposite sides of the planot. A bushel of wheat is conveyed from New York to Liverpool, throe thousand miles, for live cents; to carry the same bdshel one foot from Maine to Now Brunswick, across un Invisible line, costs fifteen cents. Geographically, as God placed thorn, Malno and New Brunswick lie contiguous. Cornmoras men place them, they are ten thousand miles apart. “A line, an invisible lino, purely Imaginary, eomo 4,0(10 or 5,000 miles long, all length, no width, is marked across this continent, cutting it in twain That boundary is dotted with a picket lino of watchmen, lynx-eyed by day and sleepless by night, guarding the people of the two nations, lest, like foolish sheep, In their weakness for abundance, they should stray to a more fertile pasture, to a richer supply, to satisfy their manifold wants. “ ‘Tho Canadian will inundate us and beget a slaughter market,’ says the American. ‘The American will inundate us and beget a slaughter market,’ says tho Canadian, and in mutual dread they try to guard themselves as a herdsman would herd tils cattle. No wonder we call tho Indians barbarians and savages! They don’t know enough to have a protective tariff. We bow down to a theory that teaches that mon have not sense enough to be trusted to buy their dry goods and groceries wherever their common sense would guide them; that abundance Is a curse; that trado is a mutuul fraud; that tho practical man must not bo trusted to his own Judgment, but must be fenced in lest he commit commercial suicido, “Hence Canadian commerce, instead of developing naturally, is developing as a fish grows in a water pipe. British Columbia, by hor sea route, has admirable access to California, and between these two countries there should be an Immense trade; but wo Impose huge penalties both ways to prevent this intercourse, and then we saddle the country with an enormous debt to build a railway across the continent, and develop a trad© in another and less advantageous direction. We try to separate the contiguous and to unite the distant; but nature laughs at our puerile imbecilities. What u curse is freedom! The Chinaman beats Ills tom-toms to scare away the devil, and we tax ourselves to scare away trade. "Between Ontario and New York, between the Eastern provinces and the New England States, botween Manitoba and Minnesota or Dakota there would be, If free, enormous trade, mutually advantageous; but the tyranny of our superstitions, what calamities it inflicts! “Every large city has its soup kitchen, its almshouses, its increasing race of paupers. The mortgage sales of the Ontario loan companies alone rango somewhere nearly one thousand annually, the increase of chattel mortgages during the last few years has been phenomenal, the debt of the General Government Increases about seven millions yearly, and now amounts to upward of (230,000,000. “Of course, there is &reat dissatisfaction with the farmers, ground between the ‘national policy’ und the McKinley bill, with the workmen subjected to the intensified competition of an emigration policy that floods the labor market, while his wealthy employer is protected with a government manipulated by a band of protected manufacturers. “Why such disastrous results in this country is not hard to see. The rich are aided to combine, tho poor are compelled to compete. “Her commercial policy could not be more contradictory. To build railways she has saddled herself with a heavy debt. Then to stop the conveyance of the goods she burdens herself with a huge debt. The building of the Canadian Pacific Railway cost tne country upward of a hundred .million dollars, and then when goods are brought into the country, either from Asia or Europe, a special penalty is Imposed, in the shape of heavy duties, to prevent their landing in this country, so that goods from China can be conveyed to and sold in England much cheaper than they can bo sold in Toronto. The railway is-thus made more advantageous to foreign countries than to our own. We do not sacrifice our wife’s relations with the generosity, of Artemus Ward, but we sacrifice ourselves. Build a huge railway and then forbid the landing of

goods iu the country! That is a specimen brick of our statesmanship. "

Tariff,Trusts and Tramps.

The June Supplement of the New Y'ork World, edited by Hon. John De Witt Warner, Is made up of “one hundred samples” of tariff trusts, under tho heading, “Conspiracies to Crush Competition, Restrict Product, Raise Prices and Lower Wages.” These trusts embrace most of the articles on which we have effective tariff duties. Among the officers of these trusts will be found hundreds of names published in the New York Tribune’s list of millionaires, thus in part, at least, answering the Tribune’s question as to whether or not tho tariff makes millionaires. We quote tho following lrom Mr. WArner’s preface to these articles: “Trusts are a consequence of human selfishness working under the new conditions of industrial development. Not all of them are consequences of the tariff 'npy more than all crime is a result of drink. It is just as plain, however, that our tariff promotes trusts ae that druukenness breeds crime. “For, in any industry whose produot our Government ‘protects’ by a tariff upon similar articles made abroad, it is in the power of homo manufacturers to extort from our people the full tariff rate as a bonus for their own pockets; whereas if it were not for the tariff no combine would ‘work’ unless it included tlie whole woild. As to a protected industry, therefore, the tariff makes it as much easier to form trusts than it would otherwise be, as it is easier successfully to combine the few manufacturers of a single nation than it is to get and keep together in harmony many times as many manufacturers scattered all over the world: “Monopoly onco secured, the results are: "First. These combines, covering as they do many great branches of protected manufacture, and affecting many others, raise tho price of manufactured goods, so that; the consumer gets less for the same amount of money. It Is generally the case also that a large proportion of tho consortia which have combined together are those whloh cannot manufacture the manufactured goods as economically ns the others. The ordinary course has been to pay such a certain price for remaining idle, leaving all of the product to bo made at manufactories which can produce it most cheaply, while Instead of returning this benefit in cheaper goods to the public and to wage-earners in other industries, the combine keeps up the price, not merely to afford exorbitant profit to the planlß still kept at work, but to pay 1o the idle manufactories the bonus agrood upon for their remaining non-productive, “Second—The object of a trust combino is to make large profits on a limited product. If successful, therefore, (ho members of a trust make up, by tho high rate of their profits, what they lose by the smallness of their sales, and they are, therefore, just as well off as though, by selling goods more cheaply, they made larger sales. It is tho amount of goods to be manufactured, and not the profit that the employer is to make out of each item, that determines the demand for labor and the wages he must pay. A trust combine in a protected industry is, therefore, an arrangement by which, government keeping out foreign competition, our manufacturers take advantage of this fact, and, making our people pay enough moro for the few goods they are able to buy, keep profits as large as they would have been for sales at more reasonable price, while employing less labor and at lower wagos than otherwise. Trusts, therefore, enable manufacturers to make tho most money by employing tho least labor. “Third. The more closoly organized the combine of employers in any one industry, the better able are they to conquer their laborers in disputes as to wagos or hours. Of course employers could organize for this purpose oven though not for the other. Late experience, however, has shown, as might have been expected, that combines, originally formed to inoreaso the price of goods, or restrict production, have been the most frequent foundation of a combine Successfully to cope with labor organizations.

“Below are given one hundred samples of tariff trusts, selected from the myriad in existence. Three things are so general that they may be considered as universal incidents of a tariff trust —the arbitrary crushing out of competition, reduction of the supply of the product, so as to secure the highest prices that will not destroy the demand, and the reduction of wages—both as a consequence of the reduction produced and to limit demand for labor and the advantage which employers, leagued in a trust Combine, enjoy in dealing with workingmen dependent upon their oarnings in tho different localities throughout the country, whence they and their families cannot move without hardship. Again, It must not be imagined that the writer considers all trusts as equally criminal on the part of those who engage in them. Indeed, in many of the cases given below the particular trust in question is the resort to which the manufacturers in the line of industry involved have been driven in self-protection against other trusts either iu the manufactures which aro their raw materials, or in thoso to which their own product is marketed.”

In Henry George’s Protection or Pres Trade, which is just now being extensively circulated by members of Congress, tho author thus clearly shows how oppressively indirect taxes—and especially tariff taxes—bear upon the poor, while the rich almost entirely escape: “A still more important objection to indirect taxation is that when imposed on articles of general use (and it is only from such articles that large revenues can be had) it bears with far greater weight on the poor than on the rich. Since such taxation falls on people not according to what they have, but according to what they consume, it is the heaviest on those whose consumption is largest in proportion to their means. As much sugar is needed to sweeten a cup ot tea for a workinggirl as for the richest la ly in the land, but the proportion of their means which a tax on sugar compels each to contrib- ! ute to the Government is in the case of i the one much greater than in the case of the other. So it is with all taxes that increase the cost of articles of general consumption. They bear far more heavily on married men than on bachelors: on those who have children than on those who have none; on those barely able to support their families than on those whose incomes leave them a large surplus. If the millionaire chooses to live closely he heed pay no mors of these indirect taxes than the mechanic. I have known at least two millionaires—possessed not of one, but of from six to ten millions eaoh —who paid , little more of such taxes than ordinary day laborers.”

That Is Enough.

Insurance statistics show that only one person in 10,000 ever attains the age of 100 years. ■■■ - ■■ ■ - '■■ I I want a sofa, as I want a friend, . upon which I can repose familiarly. If you can’t have intimate terms anfl freedom with one and the other, they .are of no good. To know, and not be able to perform, is doubly unfortunate.