Democratic Sentinel, Volume 16, Number 22, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 17 June 1892 — Page 5

THE LIGHT OF LOGIC.

THE SO-CALLED "PROTECTIVE” SYSTEM ILLUMINATED. Universal Progress of the Tarlff-Beform Movement—President Harrison’s. Position—The Ways ol Trusts—Episode In Detroit—Crooked Taxation. The Campaign of Education. A little over four years ago, when Grover Cleveland sent to Congress his now famous tariff reform message, there was no organized agitation against the imposition of the tariff taxes which, even then, before the McKinley bill was concocted, lay with oppressive weight upon nearly every industry and upon nearly every article of general consumption by the people. Here and there a bold champion of fair play raised his voice against the filching system, and there was an under current of resentment against it, but no great manifestation was made. When President Cleveland sent in his plucky challenge to the supporters of high taxes and placed himself at the head of the sentiment demanding reform, the situation rapidly began to change, and, as was said at that time, the whole country was transformed into a debating school. In the progress of the debate since 1888, the allied forces of monopoly have received some pretty hard knocks, and have lost ground steadily. Very much of the success of the fight against oppressive taxes has been due to the systematic publication of the plain facts about the'tariff question. The newspapers have spoken boldly. Men who had been handicapped in their business for years by the tariff came out and said *so. When the effect of the high tariff taxes upon different productive occupations came to be considered, something like the full effect of such legislation could be realized. Since 1888 the Reform Club, of New York, has been publishing the results of careful Investigations as to how far each of the various leading industries of our country have been affected by the tariff laws and in what manner. Besides explanations of the interests of the general farmer and laborer, they have published brief essays upon the iron and steel industry, copper and brass, coal, salt, dairy farming, wool, grape 6, sugar, pottery, glass, wall paper, hats, gloves, etc. As far as their means would allow they have distributed and are still distributing these all over the United States. They have also carried on an aggressive agitation by means of joint debates, non-partisan addresses, and in other ways. A recent report of the work of this organization gives details of the work done in over a dozen States of the Union and their plans for the great contest of ’92.

Is President Harrison a Free Trader?

On his way from Washington to Rochester the other day, while the train was Stopping at Williamsport, Pa., President Harrison said: “Who can tell what is before us as a people, if we open our minds now as citizens and statesmen to great opportunities which are before us? I believe that we are now entering upon a greater development as a nation, that we are now pushing to a place of influence and importance among the nations of the earth, that we are now about to conquer in the markets and in the commerce of the world a place we have never had before; and I invoke, without division of party, the earnest and hearty co-opera-tion of my fellow-citizens in these great hopes and plans." The things that mil do more than all else to develop this nation and make us the conquerors of markets and commerce as, in accordance with our inventive genius, enterprise, ability and natural opportunities, we undoubtedly should become, are: (L) Free raw materials for our manufacturers, so that they will not be handicapped in the open markets of the world- (2.) Removal of duties that restrict trade and commerce and cripple and impoverish our farmers and other producers, by compelling them to sacrifice one-third of their products before they get back to their doors the returns for their goods. (3.) The removal of duties that increase the cost of food and clothing and decrease the efficiency of our workingmen by forcing them to eat improper food and to wear cheap, shoddy clothing. (4.) The removal of taxes and restrictions upon shipping that make it more expensive to fly the stars and stripes than any other flag. , The people have already expressed their willingness to co-operate with the party and leaders that will do these things, and they, too, think that when we open our minds as citizens and statesmen, and seize the great opportunities before us, we will occupy a place in the markets and commerce of the world never held before. Their platform is a big and non-partisan one, with plenty of room. Get aboard, President Harrison!

Nuts for Protectionists to Crack.

If, as protectionists tell us, wages depend upon tariffs, then, as we have the same tariff in all parts of the United States, it would be natural to conclude that wages should be uniform from Maine to California. The Foundrymen’s Association, of Philadelphia, after a considerable amount of correspondence, has compiled a tabulated statement of wages paid in foundries of the United States printed in the Iron Age of May 26, 1892. Some'of the figures are from countiy foundries, others from car-wheel, stove and malleable, iron and pipe shops, etc. According to this the average wages of molders vary from $3.50 per day in San Francisco and Oakland, Cal., to $1.60 in Hagerstown, Md. A few of the other averages are: in Pittsburg, Pa., $3; Conshohoeken. P*., $2,834; Philadelphia, $2.50; Chester, Pa., $2.40; York, Pa., $2.10; Reading, Pa., $2; Allentown, Pa., $1.90; 'Bloomsburgh, Pa., $1.75; Denver, Colo., $3.25; New York and Brooklyn, $3.; Chicago, 111., $2.75; Charleston, S. C., $2.60; Portsmouth, N T . H., $2.25; Elmira. X. Y., $2; Wilmington, Del., $1.85. The average wages of core makers vary from $3.50 in Lead - ville, Col., and $3.26 in Sin Francisco, Cal., to $1.25 in Elmira, X. Y., Brockport, X. Y., and Selma, Asa.; of cupola tenders from $3.50 in Oakland, Cal., to $1 in several Southern cities; of chippers from $2.50 in Leadvilje, Col., to 75 cents In Athens, Ga. Wll some kind and logical protectionist ilease explain these discrepancies? Will he also inform us how it is that tht highly paid labor in Eastern cities conbete with the poorly paid labor in neighboring cities and In the South, and tyrns out his product cheaper thau thei poorly paid labor can turn out thtlr troduct? He might also give his reasons for thinking that New York laborers ne d protection from the pauper labor of Canada and none from the pauper labor < f Maryland; and why a tariff wall shouk not be constructed on the Allegheny fountains to proteot the $3-a-day labor If Pittsburg from the $2-a-day labor of Reading and Harrisburg. Such appareit inconsistencies as these are daily occurring to many untutored minds and : it behooves the protectionist to be ou ths alert, with simple, straightforward arguments to dispel them.

How About This Mr. McKinley?

Detroit dispatch to New Tork World; In February, Gov. McKinlet, of Ohio, who was here to attend the Michigan Clqb banquet, visited the new pearl button factory, and claimed that it was cae of the results of his won4erful tariff

law, wWt#i put a high rate es duty on pearl buttons, although the inventor of the new machinery which made the factory possible worked his ideas out before the McKinley bill was thought of. Yesterday the 150 girl employee, who ran the machines for drilling and facing the buttons, struck against a reduction of wages, ranging from sto 15 per cent A few of the older girls were getting $4.50 a week each, but the majority earned $2.50 to $3.50 and a large number of beginners got only. $2. Many a poor girl has had her fingers pinched in the machinery so that she could not work for weeks. All the girls are worn and sickly in anpqarance._—^ Twenty of the girls returned to work yesterday and their hair was pulled and they were called “scabs" in true man style by the strikers. The company called for the pbliee and the premises are now guarded. To-day seventy more of the girls were ooaxed back. Rather than let them go out at lunch time and meet'the strikers the manager provided ice cream, cake, and pie for them. The Trades and Labor Council has taken charge and will organize the girls into a union on Thursday evening.

Crooked Taxation.

The great crime of our tariff Is that which is inherent in every tariff. It is the most ingenious and effective means ever devised for the plunder of the poor and the enrichment of the rich. Ido not now refer merely to direct robbery of the poor for the benefit of the rich through so-called protective and prohibitory measures; I refer to the whole system of indirect taxation which is founded upon tariffs and could not exist for a day without them. Indirect, or, as I always prefer to call it, crooked taxation, was invented in days when the mass of the people had, as a famous bisnop boastingly said, “nothing to do with the laws except to obey them." It owed its origin to the grasping desire of despotic governments and their agents to extort as much as possible from the people. The wealthy classes had a power of resistance which made it dangerous to push them very far. The tax-gatherers attempted to collect direct taxes from the people at large, but found the task tco laborious and costly; just as in Boston to-day the collection of poll-taxes from the poor costs more than the entire receipts from the poorer classes. Then it occurred to them that, by taxing the food and clothing of the people, they might compel the poorest to pay tribute out of their misery. As soon as the new idea was put into practice it was found that taxes upon consumption were productive of far greater revenue, with far less resistance upon the part of tax-payers, than any form of straightforward taxation which hpd ever been tried. So it was very acceptable to the tax-gath-erers.

After a short experience of crooked taxation, rich men everywhere realized that it relieved them from most of the burdens of government, and as they were gradually admitted into some share in public administration, they insisted upon the abolition of direct taxes and the substitution of crooked ones. In France and Spain the same methods were adopted and carried even further. Taxes upon food, clothing, furniture, buildings, and other necessaries of life, whether levied by a tariff upon imports or a tax upon home productions, are what are known in economic science as taxes upon consumption, and it is inevitable that such taxes should be paid principally by the poorer classes and only to a trifling extent by the rich. This is easily understood upon a few moments’ reflection. If bread is taxed, the 40,000 families who own half the wealth of this oountry cannot eat more bread than 40,000 day laborers’families, if as much. The 10,000,000 families who own less than one quarter of the national wealth will pay five hundred times as much of the bread tax, in proportion to their means of payment, as will the 40,000 favored ones. A single hungry newsboy will pay as heavy a bread tax as a multi-millionaire. What is true of bread is true, to a slightly less degree, of every other thing which is made the subject of crooked taxation. It will be said that luxuries are taxed, and that such taxes are paid ■only by the rich. But the amount of taxes which are or can be collected on pure luxuries, used only by the rich, is ridiculously small, compared with the entire public revenue. What are called luxuries are used largely by the poor; and the attempt, sometimes made, to justify taxes upon the poor sewing-girl’s ribbons, gloves, bits of lace, and tiny ornaments, as superfluous luxuries is an act of purse-proud arrogance and impudence for which no words are hot enough. There never has been, there is not now, and there never will be any system of taxationupon consumption which does not bear ten times as heavily upon the great mass of the hard-working people as it does upon the rich and prosperous, or which does not bear a hundred or a thousand times as heavily upon day laborers and sewing-women as it does upon the few men in whose hands many million's are concentrated. The result is, of course, that the small savings of the hardest-working .class are almost entirely swept away by crooked taxation, while the savings of the very rich are almost entirely untouched. Year by year the concentration of wealth in few hands goes on at ever accelerating pace.—Thomas G. Shearman.

The Borax Trust.

All the borax obtained in this oountry cornea from Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon and Washington. It is, for the most part, dug out of the ground in a marketable condition. The labor employed is Chinese. The foreign article is obtained from the lagoons of Tuscany, and has to be crystallized, transported to England, refined and then shipped here. As there was no earthly excuse for any “protection,” the consumers—meat packers, soap makers, etc. —made an attempt to have toe duty removed in 1890. McKinley reduced the duty on crude borax from 5 cents to 3 cents per pound, but raised the duty on boracic acid, the form in which borax is generally imported, from 4 to 5 cents per pound. As might be exCected there is a Borax Trust, headed yF. M. Smith, of California, which, about five years ago, got control of nine-tenths of the producing mines, and, as might also have been expected, this trust was not .slow to utilize their "protection.* Four dftys after the bill went into effect it raised the price, which had been 8J to 8J cents per pound, in August and September, to 94 and 9$ cents. This price has been maintained since then. The way to break this is the way to break hundreds of other monopolies—abolish the tariff, so that the foreign product can be brought in.

New Sanitary Ware Trust.

When McKinley raised the duties on sanitary pottery ware from 55 and 60 per cent, to 65 and 70 per cent., by putting duties on packing caskes, the seven manufacturers at Trenton, with one in East Liverpool, Ohio, and one in Baltimore, practically had a trust, though each firm owned Its own factory. Since duties were increased the manufacturers, some of whom have made millions in a few years, cut wages about 15 per cent, after a long strike against a reduction of 10 to 40 per cent. The method of doing business by “understandings” oi “agreements" is e*t ea-

tirely satisfactory to the manufacturers, and on May 28, 1892, five of the big manufacturers at Ttenton incorporated In one company with a capital of $3,000,000. Those in this combine—called the "Trenton Potteries Company’—are the Empire, the Orescent, Cook & Hancock, Delaware, Oliphant & Co., the Equitable, Leuckel, Coxon & Co., and the Enterprise, Styrm, Umpleby and Bryan. This trust may confidently be expected to issue another "revised" price list similar to the one issued to April, 1891, advancing the price of their goods.

A Comparison.

The following YSry moderate table of expenses of a workingman’s family is famished by Labor Commissioner Sovereign, of lowa, and will compare favorably with the Ward McAllister table: Per year House rent, $5 per month $ 60.00 Fuel 24.00 Food, two adults, per week. sl.lO each.... 176.80 Food, three children, per week. 84 cents each 131.04 One dress suit for man 18.60 One overcoat 4.60 One hat 1.50 One cap for winter 80 Two pair boots 7.00 Four pair pants for wear while working. 5.00 One common oat and vest 4.00 One pair gloves and mittens 76 One pair overshoes 1.23 Two suits winter underclothes 8.00 Two suits summer underclothes 1.60 One good dress for wife 6.00 One hat : 2.00 Winter wraps for wife. 6.00 One corset 1.60 Two suits underwear 8.00 Pins, needles, thread, combs, muslin, hoße and aprons 8.00 Clothing, foot and headwear, three children 45.00 Table linen...' 3.00 Towels 1.60 Soap, toilet and laundry 2.60 Oil for lamp 1.80 Brooms 40 Bedding and covers. 11.00 Replacing broken dishes and worn-out furniture, etc 9.00 School books for three children. 9.00 Subscriptions to newspaper. 2.00 Total 1545.34 Mr. Sovereign’s man never smokes, chews or drinks; never belongs to clubs or lodges; never needs a doctor, preacher, lawyer or undertaker; never attends the theater or circus, and never pays any railroad or car faro. Notwithstanding the unusual health of our economio friend he appears to be losing money. Mr. Sovereign has gathered from oeusus bulletins, copies of pay-rolls from shops, factories and mines, facts which show that the average male earnings in all industries is $410.54, or $134.80 less than the oost of living. With such facte as these continually being brought out by labor organizations and labor bureaus, is it any wonder that the laboring man is not contented, or that epme men prefer rather to tramp than work?

The Tariff on Cattle.

Among the changes in the tariff which the McKinley bill has made, that upon live cattle is especially notioeabie. The old rate was 20 per cent, ad valorem, the new rate being $lO per head on all cattle more than one year old. Perhaps the framer of this item had in mind importations from Canada, or possibly high-priced bulls from foreign ports, but he could scarcely have remembered that nine-tenths of all our imports of cattle are from Mexico. An average herd of Mexican cattle of the age specified would not be worth, delivered on this side of the Rio Grande, over $7 per head, while the duty would be $lO per head. In other words, the importer of cattle from Mexioo could sell his cattle when he has delivered them on this side of the line for about seven-tenths enough to pay the duty. This applies to an average herd of mixed cattle. A herd Of' all’beeves would be worth much more, while a herd of all young females would be worth much less. When this provision went into effect It caught many Texans with hundreds of thousands of cattle in Mexioo, where they had gone for pasturage. These men were many of them ruined, because this tariff prohibits them from seeking United States markets, and they have been obliged to rely bn the Mexican markets, which have never been very good, and are now much depressed, owing to the United State prohibition. Texas has been for many years overflowing with cattle, and many of her citizens have been in the habit of going to Mexioo with their herds for pasturage, bringing back the beeves and paying 20 per cent, ad valorem; but at present a herd of beeves would bring but a trifle more than the duty.—American Wool and Cotton Reporter.

The Sugar Trust.

While the Ways and Means Committee are hesitating to report the free sugar bill, because they will arouse the sugar trust and put a big campaign fund into the hands of the Republicans, the trust, in the most audacious and defiant way, is putting the screws tighter on the American people by depressing the price of raw sugar and by increasing the price of refined sugar. Every sixteenth of a cent gained in either way increases the profits of this greedy trust $2,500,000. Its present rate of profits is about $25,000,000 a year, on a capital of $35,000,000. According to the sworn testimony of H. O. Havemeyer, sugar 4s refined cheaper here than In England. Why, then, should the people be taxed another moment? Is it to enable the trust to make these enormous profits and to pay eleven refineries with a capacity of 11,000 barrels a day (nearly one-third of our consumption) big dividends for remaining Idle?

Tariff Pictures.

In the month of May prior to the passage of the McKinley bill, the amount of rainfall was two inches. While for the first nineteen days in the present month of May, under the McKinley bill, theamountof rainfall has been two feet. And there are people who say that more rain Is needed to settle the rain that has already fallen.—Washington Poet, May 23, 1892. What college crew would attempt to win a boat race with half of their oarsmen rowing in one direction and the other half in the other direction? And yet we expect to secure commerce by putting bounties on shipping to encourage trade while we have taxes and duties on imports and shipping to restrict trade. Verily some of our statesmen are pulling at their boot straps and wondering why they don’t lift themselves. Ask your Congressman for a copy of “Protection or Free Trade,” by Henry George. It is one of the best works on the subject, and as It has been quoted entire by six of the leading Democrats in the House, It is now being franked to all parts of the United States and will cost you only the penny you pay for ths postal card on which to send your address. The American Wool and Cotton Reporter announces that the American Spool, Bobbin and Shuttle Company’s factory at Burlington, Vt., has been ordered to shut down for an indefinite period. The spool and bobbin trust has to maintain Its grip on prices if It has to close up half of its mills. There are many people who mistake trouble for religion.

WIPED OUT BY WIND.

THE FEARFUL EFFECT OF THE CYCLONE IN KANSAS. A Geo re of Lives Crushed Out and Over One Hundred Persons Injured The Wellington Property Damage Is Enor-mous-Harper Devastated. Wellington’s Woes. In the cyclone history of the Cyclone the worst that ever occurred, and sfas the Jlrs£ of Us kind thqt eyer struok the prosperous town of Wellington. Yesterday, figuratively speaking, Wellington people truthfully boasted that their city was one of tke best-built places of its Bize west of the Missouri River. To-day a large part of the business and residence portion is in ruins, and there are nearly a score of new-made graves in the Wellington cemeteries. On the night of the storm business men and politicians had gathered in the city hall to arrange for the proper celebration of the nation’s holiday. Merrymakers thronged to a ball at the Phillips House on Washington avenue. They chat and laugh as they lightly pass along, ever anon looking up to the lastly darkening sky. They know a storm is impending, but then Wellington had never been severely visited and the anticipation of a pleasurable time banishes all thought of danger. Along the strefets

THE LUTHERAN CHURCH.

electric lights sputter and flash and the stores are brilliantly illumined. A short time passes. The meeting at the City Hall has dispersed and the members have sought their homes for the sky has grown leaden and rain is falling; the stores have closed and in tho ballroom of the Phillips House there is music and rustling of feet and sweet smiles and confidences. Without, the wind has risen and a storm of hall is raging. The wind rises higher and to the hail succeeds rain which descends in torrents, flooding tho gutters into miniature rivers. Then comes a stillness and next a roar, succeeded by darkness, by desolation and death. The storm had developed into a cyclone and over the face of Wellington it raged, cutting, rending, annihilating. With one fell swoop it crushed out ten lives, fatally injured twenty persons, made over 100 patients for the doctors and surgeons’ skill,

while giant trees and. over 300 houses became its sport. The storm struck the city in the southwest and swept to the northeast, & large area of which is left In ruins. Here it dipped to the ground, sucking up houses and trees and carrying them away in its giant embrace; again It skipped a block, only once more to stoop as If with renewed energy and continue its course of devastation and death. Trees, lampposts and telegraph poles were torn from the ground and hurled through the sides of buildings or were twisted into fantastic shapes and crashed into the roadway, whilo entangled in them talegraph wires formed a network makfng the streets impassable. The width of the cyclone’s path was about two blocks and the brunt of it was felt in the business part of the city and in the northeastern end. It whirled up Washington avenue, twisting like a corkscrew, razing to the ground splendidly built structures and leaving untouched rookeries almost unfit for habitation. The First Presbyterian Church was one of the first buildings it touched, and this it blew to the four winds of the heavens. Part of the building was forced into the personam; without inflicting any injury on any of the occupants. The Lutheran Church, a frame building, was picked up, turned completely over, with the floor'upward, and left apparently as solid as though it had been built that way. The Elliott, Cole & Robinson block was totally demolished and the- ruins afterward took fire. The scene here was appalling in its sadness. In one . part of the building lived a Mrs. Basher and her sistet, Miss Katie Strann. The unfortunate women were caught in the wreck of their home and

A BABY’S AWFUL RIDE.

fell amid the ruins. When the flames started and their forked tongues reached out to embrace them, they cried out in their fearful agony for aid. One of the firemen made a desperate effort to reach them, but his clothing caught fire and to save himself he was forced to retreat, Then came upon the scene Mr. Sasher. crazed With grief and rendered frantic by the piteous appeals of his wife. Time and again he sought to throw

himself into the flame and perish with her, but the spectators held him back. When afterward the charred bodies of the unfortunate women were taken from the rilins the reason of Mr. Sasher fled at the sight. Death and Revelry. In the Phillips House all was merriment when the cyclone struck it. Instantly there was a frightful scene. As

the building began swaying in the terrific gale the people in the crowded ballroom made a frantic rush for the doors. The stairways and halls wore filled by crazed men and women who fought with each other in their rush for the open air. Some fled into the storm and wore injured by flying missiles. Those remaining within were caught in the collapse of the building and were buried in the ruins. Their cries for mercy were drowned by tho frightful voice of the storm, and then when it passed there was silence, deep as tho tomb. It was only for an instant, however. Sensibility leturnod to many, and their voices rose from beneath the heaps of debris, wliilo many of those who had fled returned to aid In the work of rescue. This was rendered difficult, owing to tho impenetrable darkness and the torrent of rain that followed. Tho gas house and the eleotrlo plant had been wrecked, and there was no light in the city save thut which came from the lamps oarriod by those who had volunteered to bring aid to tho injured aud rescue tho dead. Six bodies were recovered from tho ruins, some of them horribly mutilated. In the hotel barber-shop one of the employes and a patron of tho place were killed together. One man, Henry Smlthers, escaped by taking refuge In a box. In one of the stairways a woman was found crushed to death, having been oaught on her way from the ball-room to the open air. Where tho ball-room was nothing was left but a heap of bricks and lumber. V&irarteft of tfie Cyclone. The cyclone wrought some remarkable freaks, crushing tho strong and sparing the weak. Perhaps tho strangest Incident of tho disaster was tho providential and miraculous escape of the child of Frank Bowers, a barber. When tho cloud demolished Bowers’ house the child was peacefully sleeping in a cradle beside Its mother’s bed. Tho house was torn to fragments, yet the wind kindly and oarefully picked up the child out of the cradle, and, with a grasp us tender as that of Its mother, oarried It

SCENE IN THE HOTEL BALL ROOM.

four blocks and then gently deposited It in tl»e middle of a velvety lawn. The next mo ruling the child was found uninjured crawling around the lawn and crying for Its nlcfther. The mother was killed. At the Bock Island yards twenty freight cars were standing on the tracks. Ten of these were carried In one direction and ten in another, and the two lots were found a mile apart and smashod

Into kindling wood. An engine was taken up, carried over a mile and deposited in a creek, and in one Instance a horse wis borne from its stable and dumped upon the second story of a house. Many houses were turned rightabout face, and stoves were lifted until they landed on the upper floors of houses. The old court house, a solid two-story stone structure, was completely demolished and reduced to gravel and splinters with the exception of one little frame office that a pair of donkeys could drag from its foundation, which was left standing int Act by the side of the ruins of the old court house. Several plank sid<# walks were carried Into the country for miles. In numerous instances the tops of trees were cut off as square as though they had been operated upon by a gigantic saw, and pieces of timber were shot through houses like arrows through a glass window. In one case a piece of lumber passed through a wall between a man and wife who were each reading, but they escaped uninjured. The jlroperty loss to Wellington amounts to between $300,000 and $500,000. At least 150 houses were totally destroyed and as many more partially injured. . • Obstruction at Harper. From Wellington the cyclone swept toward the small village of Crystal Bprings, which It demolished, and thence to Harper, a distance of twelve miles. It strewed this entire course with the debris of barns and houses, and with the bodies of stock. Several lives were also sacrificed. Harper stood directly in the course of the merciless storm, and felt Its full force. Of the 900 houses of the city only six escaped uninjured. Fifty buildings were dashed Into kindling wood in one pile, and the Opera House, the strongest building In Hurper,

RUINS OF THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

A TOY OF THE CYCLONE.

was picked up, carried a block, and dashed to the earth, a mass of ruins. James Lind was carried 100 yards by the wind and severely injured. Nearly half a hundred persons received injuries more or less serious, while nine were killed outright, several were Injured fatally and hundreds rendered homeless. The surrounding country, In the path of tho cyclone, suffered severely, houses,

fences and trees being torn from their fastenings and whirled wildly about. At Cleveland Station two persons lost their lives. In Garden Plains the cyclono seized two brothers, carried them 200 yards, and then dashed them to the

WRECK OF THE HARPER OPERA HOUSE.

ground. One escaped uninjured, tho other was seriously hurt.

Dairy Notes.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain has i).2 people to one cow. Wo have oue for every 4.3 persons. Only three of the countries of Europe have more cows In proportion to population than the United States, and these three altogether have only 3,101,(189, whilo the United States had, within the same decade, nearly 15,000,000. The Pacific Rural asserts that tho butter from sweet milk or cream will ripen to the flavor of that made from acid cream in forty-eight hours. If the cow finds the milker to be her friend, she yields with pleasure to the operation. Dairying has a four-fold advantage over most other branches of farming. It brings spot cash, It yields moro money for the feed consumed, it saves the natural fertility of the farm, and It makes Increased fertility easy. By adding weak brine liberally to the churn before any attempt Is made to remove the buttermilk, one gets an effect of water and brine that they do not get at any subsequent period, a dissolving power that takes out buttermilk and frees tho butter from the casein and albumen that In some way docs not seem to go afterwards. —National Dairyman. One thing has got to be stopped—the starting of creameries by Irresponsible men in the spring, and their failure in tho fall, after swindling the farmers out of a large part of their season’s product. Judging from the frequency of creamery failures recently, this has been flevcloped Into a thoroughly worked scheme.— Michigan Dairyman.

Poultry Cackles.

Never fight a contrary setting hen. She win always get the of you. Poultry manure Is being more generally used every year by farmers. Don't throw the onion and radish tops In the swill. Chop them ’>p for the chickens. The Langshan chicks feather sooner than any other breed in the Asiatic family. A little salt in chicken feed is good for the appetite and health of the fowls. They newl salt just as much as cattle do. As a rule hens do not lay If too fat. They should be fed on a variety of food and should have bone and oyster shells to pick at to help digest their food. Huff is Just now the fad in poultry. Sifted coal ashes make a good material for a dust bath. An enterprising farmer In Pennsylvania .keeps fowls solely for the manure. Let the young chicks run In your garden; they will do It good, but keep the old fowls out. Try the experiment of letting the ducklings have the run of the potato patch. It Is said they will keep the bugs down. . Fourteen h«is and one male makes a desirable breeding pen of any breed excepting the Asiatics. In this latter Aass eight hens and a male do best. One of the largest duck raisers in England agrees with the American idea regarding bathing. He says: “It Is far better to rear ducks independently of water to swiip in at all, when they are only required for table." Chicken gapes can be prevented by keeping the young chicks out of the wet grass until about three weeks old.

Price of Silver.

A Correspondent asks: What is the lowest price silver has reached? On the 28th of March, 1892, it was worth only 85$ cents an ounce, fine; a decline in nineteen years of 47 cents an ounce, or over 35 percent. Forty years ago England and Portugal were the only European countries which maintained a gold standard. Silver waS really the money of Europe. To-day the situation is reversed. The world’s product of silver for the year 1891 was 143,550,000 ounces, which had a commercial value of $141,827,000, ora coinage value here of $185,600,000. The real value of the silver in our silver, dollar is only about two-thirds its face or legal tender value. The only mints now open to the coinage of silver for individuals are those of India, Japan, Mexico, and a few of the South American States. Fluctuations in the value of silver are an embarrassment to trade.

THEY FOLLOWED COPY.

How a Space Writer Lost a Chance to Try Married Life. “Horrors! what an obscure hand you write!” said tne literary editor to the new space writer as he turned in a bit of poetry. “ Oh, it’s plain enough,” interjected the poet, hastily. •‘The rhymes and the meter will help the compositor out, and there’ll not be the least bit of trouble if they just follow the copy.” And the manuscript went hustling up the tune to the composing-room, says the Cincinnnti Commercial Gazette. * • * * • * « “ Sn-ay, what dod-gasted chump has been sendin’ iu his Chinese luundry bill for copy?” wildly yelled out slug 10, wiping a sudden burst of perspiration from his forehead and glaring at his Inst take. “ I can’t make head or tall cut of this thing!” “ Well, Chinese or no Chinese,” cried the hurrying foreman, “ make whatever you can out of it and snag it up in mighty short order, for we’re late now.” And the type fairly jumped from tho case into the stiok. * **•*•* " Good Cfcsar!” gasped the proofreader, clutching at his brow. “ Are my eyes failing or is this a premonition of nervoqs prostration ?” Then he rubbed his eyes and stared. “By tho gods! either I’ve got the blind staggers or slug 10’s on a royal toot!” At that instant a scream came down the spout: “ Rush that proof along for heaven’s sake! We’re late!” The proof-reader groaned, galloped down tho column, hesitated, and then desperately thrust the slip into the tube, huskily murmuring: “I compared it with the copy and that’s as near as I can get to Hebrew these days.” * * * * » * * That night the now space writer hurriedly wrapped up and addressed a copy of the issue without a glance and dropped it into the mail, with this brief note: “My Onliest Sweet and Dearest Marie: I send you a number of the Sunday supplement containing my little poem. Your face was an overpresent inspiration to mo when I wrote and happy thoughts of you inspired every sentenco. Here you will find expressed what I have ever felt toward you, but have hardly dared to voice before- Till death, etc.” Miss Marie Cortland Van Clifton franeed through the tender note, lushed with pleasure, and, hurriedly, opening tho paper, road: TO MAIUE. When the breeze from the bluebottle’s blustering bllm Twirls the toads in a tooroomnloo, Anil the whiskery whiue of tho wheedlesome whim Drowns tho roll of the rattatntto, Then I dream in the sha.ie of tho shally-go-shee, Ami the voice of the bully-mo-lay Brings the smell of the stale poppy-eodsblum* mered in bile From the willy-wad over the way. Ah, the shuddering shoe aud the blinketyblanks Wheil the pungiuug falls from the bough, In the blast of a hurricane’s htekety-hanks Over the bills of the hocketty-how! Give the rigmarole to the elaugery-wang If they care for such fiddle-de-dee; But the thingumbob kiss of tho wangirybang Keeps the hlggledy-piggle for me. V ENVOI. It is piUy-po-doddle and aligobung When the lollypop coveys the ground, Yet the poldlddlo iierlshe* plunkety-pung When the heart jlmmy-cogglee around. If the soul can hot suoop at the gigglesCme cart Keeking surcease In the gluggety-glug, It is useless to sav to the pulsating heart: “ Yunkee-doodle kor-cbuggety-chug! ’’

The new space writer and Miss Marie Cortlandt Van Clifton ure non engaged now.

Girls Who Study Abroad.

Varlna Anne Davis, the younges daughter of Jefferson Davis, In un article upon “ The American Girl Who Studies Abroad, ” makes a strong plea for American training for American girls. She maintains thut, to a woman instructed exclusively in European schools, the monarchical system Is usually very dear; nurtured on the divine right of kings os an unanswerable hypothesis, and dazzled by glimpses or court splendor, she often learns to look upon a republican form of government as a crude expedient of a people in the transition state between barbarism and monarchy. Her brain is filled with the gorgeous pageants of great kings and superb conquerors, that deiile in glittering procession through the history or older nations, but alKsl she stumbles over the battle of New Orleans, and is not quite sure whether It was Washington or Gen. Grant who commanded. Hero the resources of her own country are simply represented to her mind by a great pink or yellow spot on the map of North America, the whole continent being drawn in her atlas on no larger a scale than that devoted to some French arrondissement or (Swiss canton. She may, if exceptionally well informed, be instructed that the Indians do not depredate the suburbs of New York, or the buffalo roam over the thoroughfares of Chicago; but she will, nevertheless, learn to look upon her countrymen and women through some such spectacles as Dickens wore when he wrote his “ American Note#. ” She* will expect bombast instead of elegance, and braggadocio for merit. f course, an intelligqpt girl will re- . pair these deficiencies by subsequent study of men and books; but, study as she may, the glamour of her childish imagination can never re6t on the past of her own country’s history. She will not be able to believe the Washington story as she accepted the myth of William Tell. The critical faculty once uwake, feeds on the bones of dead ideals; the clear spirituality cf a conflict of ideas will be as tasteless to her, full as sbe is of the personal interest which animates the war of older worlds, as cold spring water would be after wine.

Counting Dust Motes. —Who would think that science could devise an apparatus or instrument for counting the number of dust motes that dance in a bar of sunlight? No one would imagine that such an unheard feat coaid be carried out with any degree of accuracy, but, if we are to believe official reports, that and much more* has recently been accomplished by the microacopists. At the Ben Nevis Observatory, Scotland, an attempt has been made to determine the relative purity of the* atmosphere. The maximum number of dust particles in a cubic centimeter of air examined with a high grade microscope at the Ben Nevia Observatory has been found to be 12,862, from a “specimen'’ esamned on March 30, 1891. The minimum is fifty-two particles to the eubio centimeter from an examination made on Jone 15,180 L At one time a difference oi some thousands of particles was noted within -a few hours. Observations were taken at 12 m., and ag tin at 6 p. m. The first showed but 26,785 particles, the last 12,682.