Democratic Sentinel, Volume 16, Number 17, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 13 May 1892 — Page 5

HUNTING SEX OTTERS.

A LONELY OCCUPATION IN THE PACIFIC NOETHWEST. One of the Most Valuable of Furs— Keen Marksmanship and Great Perseverance Necessary to Success. It is a fact not generally known, even among the residents of the State of Washington, that off the coast along the edge of the Pacifio Ocean, and almost in the shadow of the majestic Olympio range of mountains, is round, in numbers now rivalling the product of the Aleutian Islands, the much-prized sea otter, an animal which furnishes the most expensive fur known to the commercial world. The 6ea otter fur requires no dyeing to fit it for use, like the seal fur, and in its natural state It is worth ten or twenty times the figure that the sealskin sells for. It is not usually made into cloaks or sacques, because too heavy, as well as too expensive, to suit the tastes of many, and it is so ram that the fur is not often seen except as trimming for garments made of seal •kin.

It is veiy interesting to see the manner in which the highly prized sea otters are secured hereon the coast of Washington. If it were an easy task to get a sea otter there would no longer be any of them loft in these waters, for, they have been hunted here for twenty years by white men and a hundred or more by the Indians. The Indians hunt the sea otter from long, heavy canoes, in which they go out through the surf, and, cruising alongjfl mile or two, shoot or spear the animal, as he lies sleeping in the water, with only his head in sight. Owing to his extreme wariness, it is hard to approach and difficult to hit the animal after it is found. It is only after long Eractice that an Indian, accustomed as e is to the use of a canoe, is able to meet with any snocess at all, for it takes great skill to shoot or spear a floating object in a ohoppy sea from an uncertain canoe. Very often a hunter remains out five or six days without result. It is not, however, the Indians who so cure the most sea otters, for there ere not many natives left, and the pursuit is a hazardous one. It is the white hunter, or “Boston man,” as the Indians call him, who has devised a way of getting the coveted fur without risking his life in a canoe at sea. Al6ng this stretch of beach from Gray’s Harbor to Point Granville, are seven or eight three-legged towers, that look from a distance like ■ the huge skeleton pile-drivers, with a rude box at the top of each. These towers are called sea-otter derricks, and they are erected as far out toward the breakers as practicable without danger of being washed away. The beaoh is smooth and so nearly level that at a distance of 1,000 feet from shore the water is only two or three feet deep. From the tops of these derricks the hunters pick off the wary sea otter, and it is not an unusual thing for one to shoot and kill his game at a distance of 1,000 yards. But though these hunters are excellent riflemen and their weapons are the very best, they may shoot a hundred times without killing a single sea otter, so that in addition to being good shots they must possess unusual patience. In spite of the apparent lack of liveliness in the pursuit, the sport is a most attractive one, and the hunter who once gets into it seldom abandons it. In the loonlity that I have mentioned these derricks, forming a conspicuous feature of the coast scenery are scattered from two to four miles apart. Two of these lookouts have been up a long time. One is built in the tops of two tall trees on tho bank, and the other is on a rock some distance out, the little cabin on top being reached by a rude ladder built of short pieces of driftwood tied together. Severe storms blow the derricks on the sand down every winter, but they are easily rebuilt, as there are great quantities of driftwood handy and no lack of standing timber within a few rods of the breakers. Usually two hunt«rs build a derrick together and share in its use. These derrioks are forty feet high and at the base are twenty-four feet wide. On one of the poles a rude ladder is built, and the three poles are braced together by cross pieces nailed on at different points. Upon the top, or at the apex is built a box, nearly as high as a man’s head, open at the top and partially open at the side toward the sea. The ends of the poles are sawed off and a board is nailed on top, making a seat for the hunter, who sits in this wind-pro-tected coop and, with his rifle resting on the edge of the box in front of him,waits and wutches for the game. He soon learns the habits of the sea otter, and can tell by the wind and the tide and the currents where to look for the first appearance of the stubby little head above the water. Not one Boa otter in a dozen sinks when it is killed by a bullet, and the next flood tide throws the carcass on the beach. When a number of hunters are shooting eaoh one marks his bullets, so that the owner may be known when the animal is found. The hunters have implioit faith in eaoh other, and would not think of taking skins that did not belong to them. The Indians going up and down the beach are employed by some of the hunters to look out for their expected carcasses. If they find the dead animals easily they are allowed a small sum, enough to pay them well for their time and labor. If, for some reason, an animal that has been shot fails to come in when or where it is expected, and a whole day has gone by in fruit less search, then the Indian who finds it is given $10; two days after the Indian gets S3O for bringing it in, and if a week elapses from the time the hunter shoots a sea otter to the time it is found he gives half its value to the Indian, for he has then nearly despaired of ever seeing it. A full-grown sea otter is from four to five feet long and perhaps a foot or more wide. When a hunter secures one he loosens the hide from the nose and head, and, without cutting it lengthwise at all, he pulls the skin down over the body, the hide being so elastic that this is not a difficult job. It is then stretched over a smooth board six and one-half feet long, nine inches wide at one end and ten at ' the other end. Each end of this So.ard is tapered to a point. Another board exactly the same size is then inserted, and the skin is stretched a foot or eighteen inches longer than its original length. A third board half Jhe length of the others, is wedged in and the skin lightly tacked at the ends to hold it in place. If any flesh adheres to the skin it is then cut off, and the hide is oured and dried in this condition. In a few days it is taken off of the boards and turned far side out, when it is ready for the market. The most valuable fur is that of the darkest color. A rich, nearly jet black fur with long silver hairs scattered through is the most prised of all, and such pelts bring the hunter from $l5O to $350. The clear black comes next in valu«, and "the brown is the oheanest of

all and brings from $75 to SIOO. These prioes dp not indicate the true value of the skins, for the locality is a long distance from the railways, and it is very diffioolt and expensive to get freight of any kind from this out-of-the-way beach. A skin that the hunter sells for $l5O more than doubles in value by the time it goes through several hands and reaches a good market.—[San Francisco Chronicle.

A SAYAGE CEREMONY.

Snake Dance of the Moqui Indians in the Southwest. The place where the danoe is held is a small open court, with the three-story houses crowding it on the west, and the brink of the cliff bounding it on the east. At the south end of the court stands the sacred Dance-rock—-a natural pillar about fourteen feet high, left by water wearing upon the rock floor of the mesa’s top. Midway from this to the north end of the court has been constructed the kee-si, or sacred booth of cottonwood branches, its opening closed by a curtain. Just in front of this a shallow cavity has been dug, and then covered with a strong and ancient plank with a hole in one side. This covered cavity represents Shi-pa-pu, the Great Black Lake of Tears—a name so sacred that few Indians will speak it aloud —whence, according to tho common belief of all southwestern Indians, the human race first came. On the day of tho dance the Captain of the Snake-men places all the snakes in a large bag, and deposits this in the booth. All the other active participants are still in their room, going through their mysterious preparations. Just before sunset is the invariable time for the danoe. At about half-past five in the afternoon the twenty men of the Antelope Order emerge from their own speoial room in single file, march thrice around the court, and go through certain sacred ceremonies in front of the booth. Now all is ready; and in a moment a buzz in the crowd announces the coming of the seventeen priests of the Snake Order through the roofed alley just south of the Dance-rock. These seventeen enter the court in single file at a rapid gait, and make the circuit of the oourt four times, stamping hard with the right foot upon the sacred plank that covers Shi-pa-pu as they pass in front of the booth. This is to let the Cachinas (spirits, or divinities) know that tho dancers are now presenting their prayers.

When the Captain of the Snake Order reaches the booth on the fourth circuit, the procession halts. The oaptain kneels in front ot the booth, thrusts his right arm behind the curtain, unties the sack and in a moment draws out a huge, squirming rattlesnake. This he holds with his teeth about six inches back of the ugly triangular head, and then he rises erect. The Captain of the Antelope Order steps forward and puts his left arm around the Snake-captain’s neck, while with the snake-whip in his right hand he “smooths” the writhing reptile. The two start forward in the peculiar hippaty-hop, hop, hippety-hop of all Pueblo dances; the next Snakepriest draws forth a snake from the booth, and is joined by the next Ante-lope-man as a partner; aud so on, until each of the Snake-men is dancing with a deadly snake in his mouth, aud an equal number of Antelope-men are accompanying them. The dancers hop in pairs thus from the booth to' the Dance-rock, thence north, and circle toward the booth again. When they reach a certain point, which completes about t three-quarters of the circle, each Snake-man gives his head a sharp snap to the right, and thereby throws his snake to the rock floor of the court, inside the ring of dancers, and dances on to the booth again, to extract a fresh snake and make another round. There are three more Antelope-men than Snake-men, and these three have no partners in the dance, and are intrusted with the duty of gathering up the snakes thus set free and putting them baok into the booth. The snakes sometimes run to the crowd—a ticklish affair for those jammed upon the brink of the precipice. In oase they run, the three official gatherers snatch them up without’ado; but if they coil and show fight, these Antelope-men tickle them with the snake-whips until they uncoil and try to glide away, and then seize them with the rapidity of lightning. Frequently these gatherers have five or six snakes in their hands at once. The reptiles areas deadly as ever—not one has had its fangs extracted!—[St. Nicholas.

POPULAR SCIENCE NOTES.

—A recent invention is a horseshoe of rubber set in the recess of a metal frame. It is found to be very valuable for use on an asphaltum or other smooth pavement. Clocks that give warning.—A foreign watchmaker has patented a device by whioh an hour or two before a clock runs down the word “ wind” will appear at an opening in the dial. An Indestructible-Train.—A special train of five cars, constructed entirely of steel, is on exhibition at the Chicago and Northern Pacific station in Chicago. It is claimed that the cars neither cost nor weigh more than the old style, while being practically indestructible by fire or in a wreck. Paper From Corn Husk.—The husk of Indian corn is being used in the manufacture of paper. In some experiments to test this use the husks were thrown into a rotary boiler and after being mixed with caustic soda and thoroughly boiled they form a kind of spongy paste, full of a glutinous substance. This paste was then placed in a hydraulic press, so as to separate the gluten from the fiber. A compact mass of fiber was then obtained, which is worked in various ways.

Under the Sea.— ls the bed of the Atlantic were drained, a geographical writer tells us, it would be a vast undulating plain, with a middle plateau parallel to the North American coast, and another plateau connecting this central one with northeastern South America. The Atlantic is thus divided into three great basins. The tops of the sea plateaus are two miles below a sailing ship, and the deepest parts of the basins almost five miles. These plateaus are whitened for thousands of miles by a minute species of creamy shell, which cover their sides like snow banks. In the deepest parts the sea bottom is red in color, strewn with volcanoes and meteoric particles, and the deeply incrusted bones of whales, sharks and other sea monsters. In the black and silent waters of the abysses, lighted only by phosphorescent animals, vegetable life is nearly absent, while the scanty animal life consists of a few strange species which only in earlier geological ages can have been common near the surface.

THE BODY AND ITS HEALTH.

Nervous Headache. —The simplest remedy known for nervous headache is a pinch of salt taken on the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly, followed in about ten minutes with a drink of water. Salt,in its pure state, has virtues not to be scorned because it is an article within the humblest means.

Removing Insects from the Ear.— When living insects find their way into the external auditory canal, Dr. Hobarts directs, In Popular Science News, that the ear should atonce be turned to a bright light, an endeavor being thus made to induce the intruder to back out, in virtue of the attraction which the light has for these creatures. This failing, the ear should be filled with sweet oil or glycerine which will kill the insect by occluding its breathing pores, ana generally float it out Sometimes, however, the syringe and warm water are necessary to remove it. In cases where these means are not at hand, as when hunting, blowing tobacco smoke into the ear directly from the stem of a pipe—the moutn being placed over the bowl and protected from it by the hand—will kill or stupefy the “ earwig” and other insects whioh may enter the ear.

Excessive Muscular Development. —When great muscular strength or agility follows in the wake ofphysical exercise these ihould be regarded as identical and entirely subordinate to the health of4>ody which the exercise has secured. To exercise for strength alone and to estimate it as the chief aim is an inexcusable blunder. There is no necessary physiological, casual relation between strength and health. Indeed it is a notorious fact that professional athletes are often defective in some bodily organ, and they generally die early in life from heart or lung trouble. Developing certain sets of muscles to the exclusion of others makes the muscular system unsymmetrlcal and interferes with the equable distribution of the general blood supply. Inordinate development of muscular power calls for unnatural activity from the central vital organs, and thus it frequently occurs that under the strain of some special effort the heart or lungs fail and death results, says The Doctor.

Interesting Facts about Life.—As a matter of fact, the average life of all the babies that come into the world is only about 38 years; very few live to be over 90, and not more than one out of 2,000 sees his 100th birthday. In the year 1889 out of every 1,000 persons,living in the following countries there died: In England, 18; in Norway, 17; in Sweden, 16; in Austria, 27; in Hungary, 32; in Germany, 23; in France, 21, and in Italy, 25. How many died in the United States we do not know, because no account of them was kept in ther greater part of the country, but it was probably 17 or 18 out of each 1,000 living. We do know, however, that they died faster in some cities than in others. For example, out of each 1,000 people living, there died during the year ending May 31, 1890, in New York city, 27; in Brooklyn, 25; in Boston, 24; in Philadelphia, 22; in Chicago, 21; in Detroit, 20; in St. Louis, 19, and in Minneapolis, 15, while in the country districts the loss was only 11 or 12 ou\ of each 1,000. Let us now see where the greatest number of old people, in proportion to the total population, are to be found living in the United States. An examination of the records of the tenth census shows that in 1880 this was in New England. Of each 100,000 white persons there were then living and over 80 years old—in Connecticut 996; in Maine, 1,147; in Massachusetts 809; in New Hampshire, 1,478; in Rhode Island, 827, and in Vermont, 1,222. These are higher figures than are shown for any other State. In New York the corresponding proportion was 563 ; in Pennsylvania, 411; in Maryland. 347, and in Delaware, 409. In Ohio it was 412; in Indiana, 261; in Illinois, 215; in lowa, 218; in Michigan, 319; in Minnesota, 189, in Kentucky, 338, in Tennessee, 347; in Virginia. 501; in North Carolina, 507; in South Carolina, 441; in Florida, 204; in Georgia, 401; in Alabama, 341; in Mississippi, 245; in Louisiana, 161, and in Texas, 111. In Montana it was only 27; in Nevada, 36 ih Wyoming, 35; in Idaho, 40; in; Dakota, 57 ;in Arizona, 53, and in Colorado, 81. Life is shorter in the South than in the North, and in the flat, low-lying grounds than among the hills and mountains.

A Unique Literary Figure.

There will soon be published in Philadelphia a modest volume of poetry of 250 pages, under the title Secret in the Marshes and Other Poems,” whioh has for its author perhaps one of the most unique figures in the literary world. He is Daniel L. Dawson, familiarly known to all his friends as “Dan Dawson, the pugilist-poet.” Mr. Dasrson is unique in all which that term implies. In his exterior personality he is as untidy a man as one could meet, both as regards his person and his dress. His speech and manner are as blustering as the wildest March day. He is tenacious to irritation by disposition. His commercial following lies in the direotion of an iron foundry. His hobby is boxing, and he is considered one of the cleverest boxers outside of the profession. His friendships are among the men of the stage and of the “ring.” To Mr. Dawson’s credit it should be said, however, that his interest in pugilistic matters is entirely from a scientific standpoint. He is an athlete by nature and in physique. Yet underneath this rough and uncouth exterior lies one of the finest and tenderest poetic natures ever given to a man—a nature that responds to the clearest and truest melody in verse. This is the singular incongruity in the man. Some of his poems are models of careful workmanship and melodious rhythm. His melodies are always true and reliable, and he rarely emits an uncertain sound in his verse. That he is a poet of more than average ability his work at once demonstrates. Some of the lines in his verses are among the most beautiful in modem poetry. But for one to fully appreciate his strength as a literary workman I think it is paramount that he should know the writer before he knows the man. It would be difficult, perhaps,’ to find a more singular or complex individuality in modem literature. Mr. Dawson is a bachelor, about thirty-three years of age, resides in Philadelphia, and, despite his eccentricities, is respected by many and interesting to all. His nature is a loyal one, and his warm-* est friends are those who know him best. —[Chicago Heraid.

To get a broken cork out of a bottle tie a long loop in a bit of twine and put it into the bottle. Hold the bottle so as to bring the broken cork up near to the lower part of the neck, catch it in the loop so as to hold ft stationary, and then either pull it up with the twine or use a corkscrew.

JANTY SPRING JACKETS

PRETTY GARMENTS THAT GIVE STYLE. How the Transformation of an Old Bodice May Be Effected A Becoming Afternoon Dress In Woolen Materials—Summer Costumes. Gotham Fashion Gossip.

_ Y strict attention /Ejto a small busijr'Vuess many large Ajfortunes have made, and I by a careful at- \ tention to the de- \ tails of personal \ adornment many Cl. 1 a woman has ao- [/ quired the reputation of being always fashionably and well * dressed, writes m our New York * correspondent. In other words, I would warn you I that the day has JJ* gone past when a man can acquire

the fame of a Beau Brummel as Benjamin did on the strength of a single coat, or when a woman can make her name in the fashionable world as Queen Sheba did with a single gown. To deserve the proud distinction of being a well-dressed woman calls for quite as* much mental effort and physical wear and tear as it does to acquire and maintain the reputation of being an intellectual woman. Her gowns are her poems, her wraps are her sonnets, her bonnets are her short stories; she labors to achieve a harmony, just as the intellectual woman lies awake to perfect a plot. And, speaking of harmonies, the jacket is a very good form to make use of in striving to compose something new without taxing the brain too heavily. A pretty jacket has so much Btyle that it often makes one forgive an unbecoming bonnet. It is by far the most practical garment of the day, either in its in-door or out-door form. By practical I mean that it is a sort of ready relief for an old gown. In fact, if you have a good stock of ingenuity, you may transform an old silk bodice, if of bright color, into a pretty jacket by the addition of laoe basques and a lace bertha. Striped velvet makes a pretty jacket when trimmed with surah matching the lighter stripe, and fitted with a surah vest. For out-door wear the putty shade of cloth should have a deeper toned velvet. collar, with lines of stitching on the revers, cuffs, pockets and around the edges; or you may pleat the rovers, that is, make them loose in

ECRU CLOTH AND BLUE SILK.

cascade style, and embroider them with a small pattern. The inevitable Watteau fold lends an air of refined elegance to an out-door Jacket. * It should be flat, however, and be embroidered down the center. In my initial illustration I show you a very stylish Jacket made up in Sevres blue cloth, with lace Jabot. The Directoire revere are very stunning and should be in dark-blue velvet or bengaline, and be edged with gold or silver galloon. There is also a plastron beneath the Jabot, the pearled passementerie trimming being visible where the basques flare. The revers must be made up over the doth material, which shows at the edge. The saw-tooth pockets are trimmed with the galloon. The cuffs must algo be finished in a manner similar to the revers and the straight collar be garnitured with marabout or feathers.

In my second illustration you will find pictured a very charming afternoon costume in a woolen material just a little darker than ecru made up on a light siik foundation, which shows on one side, as indicated. The deep ceinture is of the silk, as is also the vest and the cuffs. The fronts of the bodice are trimmed with real or imitation marabout or feathers. The princess form will be very prettily imitated the coming season by the combination of a short bodice and tight-fitting skirt. It is not a difficult matter to fit an umbrella skirt over one of these short bodices, provided you cut them about an inch and a half deeper than required, in order to secure a good inlay beneath the skirt. Then

STYLISH REDINQOTE EFFECT.

fell on a strip of galloon or binding to keep the top of the skirt firm and even. As a general thing you trim the top of the skirt to correspond with the bottom, only in a narrower width. Wherever the skirt opens, the band opens, and,(if you fit the skirt well, it is only necessary to fasten it back and froit with

safety hooks. The edge of the basque must be kept as thin and flat as possible, and merely finished with a thin binding, which must be made a little tight and be thoroughly pressed. My third illustration sets forth a stylish calling costume, consisting of silk in a large plaid pattern, the redingote being in a blue or gray woolen material and having a small train. There is an adjusted under lining in strong material, fastening with hooks in the middle and covered at the top with puffs of the silk gathered at the neck and at the bottom, and hooking together with the corselet to the lining ol the left side. At the back long-pointed basques have a large box-pleat in the center. You can’t go far astray if you mako use of Venetian guipure for bodice trimming. I noted some charming black dresses delightfully set off with cream guipure. In fact, black promises to be extremely modish this season, provided it be sufficiently relieved with bright colors, such as old roso, heliotrope, light-green and straw. In my fourth illustration I present a of lace garniture which will help you out in trimming a dancing gown this summer. The jabot effect is used in this particu-

PACK GARNITURF.

lar case, reaching down at the back to the waist and crossing in front. On the shoulders there are bows of ribbon, and the lace is arranged in the guise of epaulets. In order to bring out the full effect of this lace ornament you should make it up on a strip of muslin or tulle. We always get a foretaste of June sometime in May, and at once ’ our thoughts revert to toilets for the outing season. This advance puff of summer air calls up visions of life at the seasido and at the springs, and hence you will doubtless be glad to catch a glimpse of the summer girl as she is to be, full of charming abandon and displaying her beautiful colors and graceful outlines as if she were quite unconscious of the admiring glances following her from a score of envious eyes. In my last illustration I present two types of the summer girl, ono a bit steady and dignified, and in no wise exaggerated in dress; the other the veryfemlfcidiment of the spirit of modishness, the girl who drosses with the same idea in view that an author or artist has, to wit; to draw commendation from her fellow creatures, for that is the sweet reward which falls to the lot of the well-dressed woman. “My dear." saida husband to hie fashionable wife, “I don't like that dress you have on." “Dearie, if you were the only one to please, I could save money," was the reply, and it was a very logical reply, too, although it may sound a bit harsh. A man who is his own lawyer has a fool for a client, and the woman who dresses to please her husband certainly cook him for something more than for better or worse. You will note the dark trimmings at the bottom ol the skirts in the last picture. They will bo a feature in the styles •of the coming season, and care must be taken when repeating the same garniture on the bodlee to see that it runs in narrower patterns. I saw a very stylish walking dress in petunia cloth, the tightly fitting gored skirt was trimmed at the bottom with small frills of black satin ribbon, the upper one being headed with a narrow band of steel trimming. Frills, ruches and skirt edgings are ■often fashioned from the same material as the gown itself, with the different

SUMMER COSTUME.

colored trimming set above It. In tailormade gowns it Is quite the thing to seam the skirt up the back and make the opening at the side like a trousers pocket. Each side is Identical and a small pocket is placed at the opening on the right side. The material is simply cut down the required depth and one edge has a false fly on which the buttons are placed. The bell cuff and oversleeve will be accentuated as the season advances. They are certainly very stylish.

There is one thing the summer girl Is most careful about, and that is her hair, for she knows that It can’t help being seen from nape to brow. Hats are oftener off than on, and the outdoor glare shows off every defect. The tendency seems to be to retain the waved effect as most graceful for top and sides of the head, but the thing to strive for will be curious twists and turns given to the little curls on the forehead. They will assume all sorts of attitudes and Inclinations, the object being to impart an arch and piquant expression to the face. And last, but far from least, will come the ever-present sunshade, a weapon of attack and repulse in the hands of tho summer girl—attack, when unfolded and used to cast its becoming tints over the face; repulse, when shutting out unwelcome glances. I have noticed two charming styles—one a cardinal red, brocaded with black, and the other a cream-colored gauze, ornamented with Pompadour flowerets, trimmed with a deep ruffle of the same material. The handles will be in the natural woods. Joseph Fbothinghah, of Exeter, S'. H., is 99 years old, and relates that he was at church at Salem, Miss., on the Sunday when the United States ship, Old Ironsides, was chased into Marblehead Bay by, three British frigates. Ip any one meets a hare or a rabbit when on a journey, it is better to turif brick unless the person turns around three times.

THE RULING SPIRIT.

MONOPOLISTIC MANUFACTURERS FRAMED THE BILL. McKlnleyUm Exposed by Congressman W. L Wilson or West Virginia—The People Bear the Burden Not Only of Taxation but Tribute. A Logical Argument. Judging the tree by Its fruits, the solid common sense of the people has condemned the McKinley tariff act, and has distrusted the business principles of Its makers. That this distrust is not without foundation is evtdont after reading the following from tho speech of Congressman Wilson, April 7, in the House of Representatives: “Mn. Speaker— We have had In this debate a series of extravagant eulogies on the tariff law of 1890. The gentleman from Maine [Mr. Dlngley] pronounces it to be ‘consistent, comprehensive and oomplete, with all the different parts properly and justly related.’ The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Dalzell] eulogizes it as ‘oomplete, comprehensive ami logical.’ Other gentlemen have used stronger words of praise. “Now, sir, I want to call tho attention of the House to the manner in whloh a ‘consistent, logical and complete' protective tariff Is built up.

“The gentleman from Maine doubtless thinks he Is one of the chief architects of the prosent law. My friend from Michigan |Mr. Burrows] and my friend from New York [Mr. Payne] each for himself indulges tho samo pleasant Illusion. They were all members of the oommltteo whloh reported the law to this House.

“Unfortunately, Mr. Speaker, there Is abundant and unimpeachable evidence to destroy all iheso claims. “I turn to tho very schedule of the law now under consideration and I find that Mr. McKinley, In presenting to this House tho conference report, Sept. 27, 1890, said of it: ‘This schedule has the hearty approval of the National WoolGrowers’ Association, and of tho several State associations throughout the country.’ “In tho next sentence ho says, 'And, Mr. Speaker, that Is entirely ti-ue also of tho tobacco schedule,’ although he omits to say who had approved this latter. As to tho great and comprehensive metal sehedule, constituting bo large a part of tho tariff and contributing so much of Its political and pecuniary strength, I road In tho report made by Mr. James M. Swank, Secretary of the Amerloan Iron and Steel Association, made to the President of that association, that Muring the long period In whloh this measure (the McKinley bill) reoelved the consideration of Congross, the views of this association concerning tho proper framing of the metal schedule of tno new tariff wore frequently solicited and were promptly given;’ and as he adds that ‘tho schedule as adopted Is the most harmonious and completely protective of all tho metal schedules' In our tariff legislation, we are not left In doubt that tho views so ‘promptly’ given were ‘promptly’ acoepted. So much for the origin of three important schedules. Lot us pursue this investigation a little further. Turning to page 290 of the hearings before the Committee of Ways and Means of the last Congress, I find that Mr. William Whitman, President of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, said he ‘had framed two clauses’ prescribing the taxes on women’s and children’s dross goods, and these clauses turn up as Mr. Whitman framed them as sections 374 and 375 of the MoKinley act, with a blank In the provisos filled, doubtless aocordlng to the same gentleman’s suggestion. “At page 281 of the hearings, Mr, Isaao N. Heidolberger, in behalf of the Wholesale Clothier Manufacturers, submitted a memorandum of their demands, and that memorandum, so far as It related to woolen clothing, is substantially embodied In paragraph 390 of the aet. “The makers of firearms appeared at page 1265 with tho sections they wished ‘incorporated and mado a part of the tariff schedules of duties,’ and those seotions appear in their own words as paragraphs 169 and 170 of tho act, with a single trifling change. “Again at page 92 of the hearings, may be found the demands of the tin-plate makers—that were going to be—proffered by the trusted counselor, my friend from Michigan (Mr. Burrows), and although thousands and tens of thousands of consumers and laborers protested against these demands, Mr. Cronemeyer’s wishes are exactly embodied In paragraph 143 of the MoKinley bill.

“At page 79 of those hearings, Mr. Charleß 8. Landers, representing the makers of table cutlery, presented the corrections and amendments which they wished to the Senate clause, and at paragraph 167 of the act his memorandum appears in the very words in which he wrote it. “On page 66 of the hearings, Mr. W. T. Rockwell makes known the demands of the makers of pocket cutlery, and these demands literally reappear in paragraph 166 of the bill. Now, 1 understand for the first time in my life, how a ‘consistent, logical, complete’ protective tariff is framed, ‘with the different parts properly and justly related.’ Our friends upon the other side merely leave the blanks on the committee table and look at the celling or stroll around the Capitol while the parties who desire to tax the people come and All in the blanks according to the suggestions of their own greed or selfishness. “And that is the method of constructing a ‘comprehensive and logical bill.’ How much trouble my friend from Indiana (Mr. Holman) could avoid if, instead of toiling over his appropriation bills, he would only put the blanks on his committee tablo and invite the government officers to come and write in the salaries they desire to receive. Yet it is just as right, just as safe and proper, just as defensible to make up an appropriation bill by allowing parties to write in their own salaries as it is to make up a tariff bill by allowing parties to write in their own bounties. ”

Theory and Practice of MoKinleytsm.

The theory upon which the McKinley tariff bill was constructed is that, by shutting out foreign competition, we can Increase our home industries, provide more employment for labor, at higher wages, and by increasing the competitors in each industry, reduce prices. Time may prove the correctness of this theory, but up to date the outlook for it is far from encouraging. Trusts having an apparent connection with the tariff, are preventing competition, raising prices, reducing wages, and in other ways showing great disregard for the fundamental theories of the McKinley law which nourishes them. The extremely high duty on window?;lasß (about 100 per cent) maintained or a quarter of a century, and increased by McKinley, ought by this titne to have given us plenty of home-made windowglass, at the lowest possible prices, and to have given constant employment to labor. This would have been little enough to expect from the more than $100,000,000 invested in this experiment by consumers. But instead, the price of flass here is double what it is in urope; we have to purchase one-third of our supply abroad, and, as is seen in the following quotation from Brad-

street's for April 10,1892, the windowglass trust, to limit the supply and sustain prices, keeps the few men employed in the Industry Idle one-third ol the year. “The Eastern window-glass manufacturers, it is reported in a press telegram, Indorse the action of the Western Mannfacturers’ Association, which, In Chicago last week, decided to shut down all factories on May 31, and remain idle until October 15. If the rule to shut down from May 31, to October 15, is enforced it will be the longest window-glass shutdown since the long strike of 1883."

McKinley’s Unbalanced Account.

One important object aimed at by the MoKinley tariff bill was to make wages higher. To do this It was necessary that it should be the enemy of trusts and combinations, which by shutting up factories to limit production, and by taking advantage of organization, do so much to depress wages and keep men Idle. On these two points the bill is perfection, in the eyes of the advocates of protection—the New York Tribune going so far as to say: “Men and brethren, this is a trust-killing tariff." Suppose, In order to see how effective the bill is In this line, we start an aocount giving it credit for the trusts found dead each week and the reported advanoes in wages, and debiting it to the wage reductions, lock-outs, strikes, etc., and to the trusts formed under it. The aocount Is a little one-sided this week—there being nothing on the credit side—and we will therefore give space to only a few of the numerous items on the debit side for the week ending April 23, 1892.

April 16—To the report, in the New York Tribune, that the shut down of the big Spreokels refinery In Philadelphia, which oocurred as soon as the sugar trust gained control of It last week, and whloh threw 600 employes out, is likely to last for months, and that, upon the authority of a well-informed dealer, “the shut-down was not caused by overproduction. Inquiries at the office will show that they have.but one brand on hand. The main object In getting a restriction placed on tho production Is to keep the prices up to tho (tariff) limit. It is also possible that steps will be taken to close down the remaining refineries here."

April 16—To numerous reports showing that tho whisky and rubber trusts are lu good fighting trim. April 16—To a long list of strikes in mines and factories, beoause of now scales of prices for piece work, employment of non-union men, etc. April 16—To the depressing announcement, In tho Tribune, In regard to the Iron trade that “thus far the mining Interest has hod recourse to shut-downs or ourtatlmentof working foroo, In a few Instances, to a reduction of wages. There Is every Indication that, beginning at the furnaoe-yard and running back to the mine; there will bo a readjustment of the elements of oost. Labor will doubtless bear a considerable share of these curtailments." April 17—To the announcement that 1,000 men will bo laid off by the Phoenix Iron Company, Pennsylvania, on Monday; that the Reading Iron and Coal Company will in a sow days make a general reduction in the wages of all employes, ranging from five to ten per cent. April 17 —To tho report from Beyfert Station, Pa., that Beyfert & Bros.’rolling mill, employing 250 hands, and Simon Soyfert’s mill at Gibraltar, employing 100 men, shut down Indefinitely during the past week; that a reduction of 26 cents per ton In the wages of puddlors went Into effect at Mcllvain A, Boiib’ boiler plate mill on Monday; and that a similar reduction has been made in the wages of puddlors employed by the Brooke Iron Company, at BlrdsIjoro. April 17-To the report from Lebanon that wages have been roduoed at the works of the Pennyßlvanla Bolt Company and of the West End and Lebanon rolling mills. April 19—To report from Boston that tho Norway Steel and Iron Company, at' one tlm i the largest concern of its kind in tho country, to-day passed forever out of existence. “Excessive taxation of raw material was what caused the corporation to close lte works,” said Mr. Albert Gteger, one of the stockholders. April 19—To report of the State Board of Assessors that over thirty of the 12,377 miscellaneous corporations in New Jersey have a capitalization of more than $30,090,000. The sugar-re-fining company leads with a capital of $49,125,000. The cotton oil trust has $30,293,000. Many other well-known trusts are among the number. April 19—To the affidavit, by the President of the National Cordage Company, that the company cleared $1,460,000 In 1891, and paid $1,300,000 in dividends. / April 19—To the report from Butte, Montana, that the upper works of the Anaconda Smelting Company have closed down indefinitely, throwing 500 men out of work at Anaconda and 150 miners at Butte. The objects are supposed to be to reduce wages and to raise the price of copper. April 28—To a big combination of trunk manufacturers, including fifteen establishments in Western cities. By the new arrangement the territory will be divided, and each manufacturer will have a section exclusively to himself. Tho company is capitalized at $2,500,000 and has its headquarters at No. 213 Monroe street, Chicago. April 23—To a strike in the plush factory at Bridgeport, Conn. Superintendent Pierson said In an address to the strikers: “I should think the unmarried portion of the strikers could easily secure board at $2.50,a week. If you curtail expenses in your domestic routine you can easily make a comfortable living at even the reduced scale of wages. ” The strikers say that the plush company brought them to this country on the assurance that they would receive at least sls a week. Many are returning to their native country.

Clothing Is Dearer, Say the Tailors.

There seems to be a misunderstanding between the different sections of McKinley supporters. While the political section is telling us that the foreigner pays the tax, and that prices, already low here, were made still lower by the tariff act of 1890, the practical, everyday working section is taking great pains to inform US' that quite the reverse is true. The tailors, in petitioning Congress to limit the number of suits of clothes admitted free of duty to two for returning tourists, say: “Under this ruling it was possible to enter free of duty vast quantities of foreign-made garments which had never been actually in use, and which were so imported solely because there exists a relative difference of at least 60 per cent, in values between the cost of made-up garments in the United States and Europe, which difference has been fnrther enhanced by certain other provisions under the tariff on woolen cloths of the act of Oct. 1, 1890, as aforesaid, thus saving to the purchaser of garments abroad more than one-half of their actual value upon arrival within the United States duty free. ” What an awful expense the McKinley bill is to our 65,000,000 people, if, under it, garments cost more than 50 per cent, more than they otherwise would. All the imaginary benefits of the most deluded supporters of McKlnleyism will not offset this one item. The burglar may be said to be a thrifty man, because he opens the store long ' before daylight