Democratic Sentinel, Volume 15, Number 46, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 4 December 1891 — Page 4

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

r»W for thia paper ahould be ecoom. j- th, tunn of the amber; not neoeaaerily fox u an eridenoe of good faith on the put ZftttZwiiter. Write only on one ride of the paper. Be ■Mtleeiaatroarelul, in girlng namea and datea, to have -|* * ‘‘j ‘ figure. plain and dUlinct.

I' The more caffs yotr give a laundryman the better he likes it. ■ None of the rainmakers of modern times have equaled Elijah’s record yet \ Man’s wishes are not all wants. He does not need half as much as he prays for. It seems cruel to sue a campaign liar for libel. It looks like discouraging enterprise. Every shot from a big gun consumes SI,OOO. At this rate, war has become a very expensive luxury. Tim Hopkins is said to be a famous cultivator of violets, but he hasn’t cultivated their modest and retiring ways. When a man’s hopeful comes home and tells us of an increase in his salary he can almost feel the glow of the son’s raise. If the rain-makers can do what their friends claim for them, why ■don’t they come to the relief of the shrunken old Mississippi River? First blood has been drawn in the Hopkins-Searles will contest. It doesn’t count for either contestant, but it is distinctly in favor of the lawyers. The proposed formation of a rice trust in this country looks like a miserable effort to get even with the Chinese for their persecutions of the American missionaries.

It is no longer considered out of style for a woman to have a family of children. Babies carried on the arms in the streets, and paraded in carriages, are considered better form than poodle dogs. The Chinese empire, from recent reports, appears to be honeycombed with plots against the existing government. In this condition of affairs the kingdom must be anything but flowery for the reigning dynasty. A Philadelphia man sat down on a tack in a street car and he now sues the company for $2,000 damages. Many men would be glad to sit down on a tack seven days in every week for much less than this and many unfortunates have been known to do it for nothing. Walt Whitman is slowly dying of paralysis at his home in Camden, N. J. Like many another man who has anticipated letters and lived and written a half a century ahead of his time, the “good gray poet” will never be appreciated until his courageous heart is stilled forever.

An enthusiast from Ceylon wants to bring some white elephants to the "World's Fair, and has submitted a proposition to the directors. If the directors are open to outside advice, ■we would respectfully state that the question, “Shall the fair be open Sundays?” is white elephant enough for one exposition. After serving eighteen years at San Quentin (Cal.) penitentiary for highway robbery, Shorty Hays was recently released, and is now at his old tricks again. The next time Mr. Hays is taken into durance vile it would be policy to hold him up, just once, and see what kind of a hornpipe he can execute in mid-air. Under the leadership of the Duchess of Portland nearly 1,000 Englishwomen have banded themselves together to discourage the wearing of the plumage of song birds for decorations. It might puzzle them to explain why song birds alone are to be saved from the millinery hunter. Their humanity only extends to the birds from which they draw pleasure. Somebody has been telegraphing from Rome that the ancient city is to be lighted with electricity by wtilizing the falls of Treverone, and calls this copying the ancients. Out in Nebraska the pretty city of Beatrice was so lighted a decade ago, the power being derived from the “Little Blue.” But the citizens didn’t think they were imitating people who never knew lightning could be harnessed.

Do you know how to retain your youth forever? It is very simple. All you have to do is to convert your fleshly molecules into psychic animates. It is not possible at this writing to give a recipe for this. But Thomas Lake Harris, who is now on the Pacific coast, can tell you all about it. He is the gentleman who conver,ted Lawrence Oliphant’s genius into madness with his occult theories. An English girl was recently attacked and thrown out of the window of a railroad carriage by a maniac who was put in the same compartment with her. The American railway car with its sixty or more occupants is highly repugnant to John Ball’s sense of propriety, but the dose carriage, which exposes women to insult and unprotected males to blackmail, exactly suits the squeamlah Britisher. Atchison should not judge the entlre world. Here is the Globe of that city remarking that “there are two kinds of women in the world—one kind alts and cries silent ly about her AMd, and the other storms and nws about her rights.” In other flMee and States there is another 4*Mi of Wtxnea. of neither kliri men-

tioned above, who make and keep happy homes, and rear brave men an<l virtuous women for the battle of life. A mountain exploded in Mexico some time ago, according to Mr. Vincent Loaiza, and an immense body of water commenced to flow from the newly formed crater and inundated much of the surrounding country. As Mr. Loaiza is a traveling man and does not say that he caught submarine fish, twelve inches long, in the newly released waters, we are compelled, in the language of Pooh Bah, to look upon this as a —failure to give “corroborative detail to a bald and unconvincing narrative.” The continual drift of Eastern people to'the West and Northwest is indicated in some statistics of railway travel between Chicago and Minneapolis and St. Paul. In eleven months the total was 140,260 tickets, the west-bound numbering 77,061 and east-bound numbering 63,199, 50 per cent, of the total being first-class; second-class, 20 percent.; third-class, 2 per cent.; tourist, 9 per cent; special excursion, 10 per cent. There were 19,066 second-class tickets westbound to 8,166 east-bound. It is evident that the Northwest is getting from the East always and giving no people. The notion that it is impossible to make a will which no one can break is greatly strengthened by the decision just rendered in the Tilden will case. The sage of Gramercy was one of the shrewdest lawyers the country has ever produced, but even he, with all his legal knowledge and precaution, was unable, it now appears, to execute a will which no one could assail. His heirs brought suit to set it aside, and after years of expensive litigation their efforts have been successful. His vast wealth will be distributed among them and New York will lose his splendid bequest for a great public library.

It is all very well for the London Times to counsel the United States to moderation in dealing with Chili, but it gave precious little of this kind of advice when England was demanding reparation for the Trent affair from this country. England gave Portugal just as little after an English exploring party was fired on in a wild and savage part of Africa where boundaries were uncertain. A fleet on the Tagus and twenty-four hours was the measure a “great and powerful nation” like Great Britain gave Portugal then. Nor was England inclined during our war to allow for any mishaps which befell Englishmen “as an act in the same drama,” One of the dispatches with which Lord Lyons pestered Secretary Seward is devoted to the “outrage” t’hat a blockade-run-ning Englishman in Fortress Monroe was not getting his daily morning bath. This is the spirit in which England protects her citizens, and it is one reason why no one ever thought of attacking English sailors in the streets of Lisbon in the worst heat and fever of the recent feeling against England.

Bifxiards, although it is the most thoroughly scientific game ever invented by man, seems to be about as uncertain in its results as horse-racing. On a recent night the two greatest billiardists. that the world has ever seen met in Chickering Hall, New York. During their professional career they have been pitted against each other in thirty-two games, of which Slosson has won sixteen games and Schaefer a like number. To a person aware of this fact alone it would seem, therefore, as though a bet placed on either man would stand about an even chance of winning. But Schaefer was the favorite. When the two champions were last in Chicago, Schaefer’s careless brilliancy of style and marvelously delicate execution threw his opponent into the shade. Connoisseurs in the game concluded the question of supremacy had at last been settled. They affirmed that billiards was like singing—a supreme artist received his chief endowment from Nature. Now we must be prepared to hear another story. Mr. Slosson’s friends will come forth from their retirement and will declare that truly great billiards is the result of correct modes of life, of constant study and practice, and of a complete mastery of the nerves. The question is a peculiarly interesting one. There is no doubt that Mr. Slosson represents the genius of perseverance, Mr. Schaefer the genius of natural endowment. The contest which these two gentlemen are waging has been fought on other battlefields than that of the green cloth, and will probably never be decided.

Odd Fish.

A remarkable flsh was recently caught on the coast of England. It was three-fourths of a pound in weight. Its head was like that of a pike, and from the gills to the tail on each side was a bright blue. band. The tail fins were also bright blue, and a network of blue lines spread itself over the head and part of the body. The oldest fishermen of the place declared they had nbverseen its equal before. The Italian consul at Belfast, who was passing through the town, purchased it with the idea of presenting it to the Belfast museum.

Pawned a 85 Bill.

A man who possessed a solitary $5 bill and wanted to blow it in badly, hit upon a novel plan the other day by which to save and spend it both. The bill was given him by a friend, and he was determined not to part with iu After a lengthy debate with himsel he evolved the brilliant scheme of pawning the note. He paid a visit to his uncte, raised 14.62 on the bill, and spent it according to his tastes. When further funds came In he redeemed the original note.

SIOUX FALLS’ “400.”

PROMINENT MEMBERS OF DAKOTA’S DIVORCE COLONY. Come from All Over the World—Old Men'. Disappointed Darlings and Young Men's Slaves Seeking to Regain Single Blessednese. Some of the “Colonists.” What a grand phantasmagoria, a pot-pourri of misplaced affections and mixod-up matrimonial alliances this place is, writes a correspondent from Sioux Falls, S. D. While throughout the length and breadth of the continent it has become known as the spot par excellence for the securing of divorces, and many queer ideas mayhave gained possession of the people’s minds as to what it is like, none of them, queer though they may be, can do justice to the situation. Here December wed to May. old men’s disappointed darlings and young men's slaves, young men with elderly affinities, unrequited love, budding hope and dead passions, all figure together in one fantastic show, which must be seen to be properly appreciated. Sioux Falls has a population of 15.000 and the occupations of her people are varied, but the chief scene of industry is the divorce court. While this is in session—which is nearly all the time —a steady stream of humanity passes in one door, each one with an application for a divorce in hand, and out the other with the granted divorce. The majority of the applicants are women, but there are some men. The women are all young—many less than 25 and few over 30--and the greater number of them are pretty. Some of them are very beautiful. The most prominent of the “colonists” is Mrs. James G. Blaine, Jr. Her household consists, besides herself, of her beautiful little boy, “Jamie,” his nurse, and the house servants. She has a handsome little cottage situated in the midst of a pretty lawn, dotted and bordered with flower beds, and is surrounded on two sides by a low-roofed, widespread piazza, which gives quite an air of cornfort and beauty to the house. In-

DR. THOMAS D. WORRALL.

side the appointments of the cottage are of the simplest order, yet there are evidences of artistic taste and refinement throughout the quaint little dwelling. Hon. Thomas D. Worrall, M. D., who has recently obtained a divorce and now lives in Sioux Falls, is another person of note. Born ih England sixty-five years ago, he came to America young, moved to Boston and achieved reputation as an antislavery orator, even when the peerless Phillips was in his first blaze. Then he went to Colorado, was a member of the Territorial Legislature, and wrote his name largely and honorably on her early annals. Horace Greeley, who liked him heartily, persuaded him next to accept a professorship in New York in the American College of Medicine. Two years later, going to New Orleans, he became a member of the famous Warmoth Legislature, and as Sanitary Physician of New Orleans added t> his worldwide host of friends. Sickness capie to this learned and beloved man and he went to London for treatment, but famous surgeons, after operating, could give no hope, and he came* back to his adopted country to die. To his amazement he found his home broken up, his valuable furniture sold, his wife gone. “The mystery of the case,” he has said, “is that my wife and I never had the least falling out. Her desertion of me in my old age and supposed last illness was like lightning out of a clear sky. The thought comes to me, ‘Dying- man that I am, it will be sweet to die free.’ ” There are many others, but the ones cited are perhaps the most prominent persons here at present. As to Mrs. Blaine’s case an immense interest is felt, an interest which lies not alone in the points of

MRS. J. G. BLAINE, JR.

law. Mrs. Blaine, Jr., is a Catholic, and her example in taking this step contrary to the custom of her church is likely to cause some sensation. Still, hearts were created before creeds. Henry Austin, of Boston, the poet and writer, is also here. Mr. Austin claims to be the patriarch of the colony, and has been here long enough to have obtained his decree of divorce a month ago. He, however, is so well pleased with this part of the country that he intends, after a trip abroad, making Sioux Falls his home. No one comes here without hearing more or less about Mrs. Hubbard, a young woman from Red Bank, New Jersey. Mrs. Hubbard has set the goMipt by the ears. Her style of

beauty is something on the gyps J order, and her style in dress is much in the same line. She is possessed of a good voice, and sang in one of the churches here until the edifice couldn’t hold the youths and graybeards who flocked there to hear her, and then the

MRS. MINA HUBBARD.

good people of the congregation concluded that that was making salvation too free, and they dispensed with her services. Mrs. Hubbard sues for divorce on the ground of desertion. She married a man much older than herself—she looks to be about 20—but found the old-man’s-darling plan of life very tedious. Her husband became jealous and she threw water on him and he arose and left her. Perhaps one of the handsomest women who have emigrated to Dakota to regain possession of their freedom and secure the safety of their children from unpleasant domestic influences is Mrs. Louise M. Beall, of Norfolk. Va. The Bealls are related to the Harrisons of the Old Dominion, and are distantly connected with the present President. Mrs. Beall is one among the few women who are here for the purpose of getting a divorce who has been received in Sioux Falls society.

PATRICK EGAN.

The Man Intrusted with Uncle Sam’s Business in Chill. The United States Government demands from that of Chili an explanation of the bloody attack on American seamen in Valparaiso and reparation for the injuries inflicted, and Patrick Egan, United States Minister in Chili, is the man who has presented these demands. His appointment to office was make in March, 1889. He has had an uncomfortable time on account of the civil war in Chili. Mr. Egan is an Irishman by birth, a native of the County Longford, where he first saw the light in 1841. His father was a farmer at Ballymahon before the troublous times between 1846 and 1849 compelled him to give up agriculture and remove to Dublin for the chance of making a living. In that city young Patrick received his education from the Christian Brothers. He took great interest in politics from a child, and was one of the first Home Rulers and an early member of the council at the head of the organization. Foremost among the founders of the Land League he was appointed its Treasurer, an office which he resigned in 1882. Owing to political difficulties at home he lived in France during the last two years of his Treasurership. Egan came to the United States in 1883 and settled in Lincoln, Neb.,

PATRICK EGAN.

where he started a branch of the business in which he had an interest in Dublin, that of dealing in grain. He was chosen President of the Irish National Convention held in Boston in August, 1884.

Ready Answers.

Most of us aro able to supply r repartee if we are given time to think it over, but a repartee half an hour after the occasion for it has passed is like a blank cartridge. It is the readiness of the retort that makes it effective. The great Russian soldier, Marshal Suvoroff, was in the habit of asking h s men difficult questions, sometimes foolish ones, and bestowing favors on' those who showed presence of mind in answering them. On one occasion a General of the divis on sent hi.n a sergeant with dispatches, at the same time recommending the bearer t > Suvoroff s notice. The ma rshal, as us' al, proceeded to test him by a series of whimsical questions. “How far is it to the moan?” “Two of your excel eney’s forced marches,” the soldier promptly replied. “If your men began to give way in a battle, what would you do?” “I’d tell them that just behind the enemy's line there was a wagon load of good things to eak ” “How many fish are there in the sea?” “just as. many as have not been caught.” And so the examination went on. till Suvoroff, finding his new acquaintance armed at all points, at length asked him, as a final poser: “What is the difference between your Colonel and myseit?” “The difference is this,” replied the so'dier, coo ly. “My Colonel cannot make me a Captain, but your excellency can. ” Suvoroff, struck by his shrewdness, kept his eye on the man, and soon afterward gave nim the desired promotion. Emperor William is striking blows at vice in Berlin, beginning at the lowest stratum of society. If vice, like the fruit and vegetable receptacles, has the largest and most flourishing specimens at the top, the Emperor is beginning to reform society at the wrong end. The “revolution” in Brazil is anther evidence that the South American republics are only military despotisms. The condition of affairs there calls to m.'nd the harmony which prevails in “United Ireland."

THE TARIFF BONUS.

WHAT WILL YOU FARMERS DO ABOUT IT? The Cordage Trust Again Advances Prices —Carroll D. Wright on the Cost of MakIng Steel Rails—Who Pays the Tarlfl?— Tariff Shot. McKinley Prices for Crockery. A little over a year ago, when the McKin ey bill was pending in Congress, the high-tariff organs vied with each other in the attemot to show how good a thing the McKinley bill was for the farmer. To carry out this idea McKinley declared that his bill was a farmers' bill, that the cause of the depression in farming was the increased importation of farm products. Accordingly he raised the duties on wheat, corn, oats, butter and meats. Under cover of this big job all the important jobs were carried through. Such were the increases in the duties on earthenware and glassware, cutlery, and other manufactures of tin plate, woolen, cotton and linen goods. The object of this was to give the combinations engaged in the productions of these articles a complete monopoly of the home market. Having secured all that they asked for, the leaders of the trusts gave the cue to their editorial friends to talk of something besides the tariff. Accordingly the latter are devoting their attention to our big farm crops. Nearly every issue contains an article giving some one’s estimate of the amount of wheat and corn which we will bo able to spare for export this year. They have forgotten all about the famous “home market” for farm products about which they wrote when the tariff bill was pending. At the same time the financial editors of these high tariff organs are devoting their attention to estimates of the probable amount of gold which Europe will have to ship to us in exchange for our exports of wheat and cotton and corn. But why must they ship gold? Why not crockery, glassware, and woolen goods? Have our farmers who have wheat and cotton to sell a superabundance of these things? This is hardly probable. The fact is the crockery and g'assWare trusts and the manufacturers of woolen goods had the duties on these products so increased in the McKinley bill that their importation was practically prohibited. Now lot us see how this compulsory sale of our farm products affects the farmer. We can illustrate it by supposing that the farmer’s wife needs a set of crockery for her table. The farmer can sell his wheat abroad and buy his crockery there and when Importing it pay the duties fixed by the McKinley tariff, or else he can take gold for his wheat and buy his crockery in Trenton or East Liverpool. How much he will have to pay for crockery in England and the United States is shown in the following table, which gives the net who esale prices for first quality whitegranite ware, and also the duties imposed upon each article by the McKinley tariff. Who:esnle*Pnoe«. ' Articles. In In Unit- U. 8. England ed States duties. 1 doz. flat plates $0.35 $0.61 $0.1) 1 doz. deep pla'ei.... .35 .64 .18 Idoz. fruit saucers.. .14 .83 .OS 1 sauce tureen .23 .42 .13 1 doz. bakers .84 1.40 .46 doz bowls .23 .37 .13 2 covered butters.... .28 .47 .15 1 doz. coffee cups 44 .80 .24 1 doz. tea cups .37 .67 .20 H doz. cover dishes.. 1.12 1.80 .62 h doz. plain dishes.. .23 .4) .13 2 sugarsl9 .35 .10 Itea potl2 .23 .07 Screams .09 .20 .05 Total cost setsl,9B 88.58 $2,74 If the duties on the packages and charges, and the co t of freight and insurance, were added, the cost of the foreign ( rockery laid down here would just equal the bill which the crockery trust charges. This explains fully the reason why the crockery combination was :o anxious to have the McKinley tariff parsed. It gave them a two-fold advantage. First, by levying high duties on foreign crockery they need not fear competition, for thereby the farmers who export wheat wi 1 be unable to bring back crockery; and. second, the high duties enable the combine to keep up the prices to the importing point, and thus compel the farmers cither to buy of them at their prlees, or if they imported their crockery to pay to the United States Trea-ury a sum equal to thediff-ionce between the combine’s price here and the foreign price. How much this differed e is expressed in farm produce can be easily shown. The following tab e shows the amount of various farm products required to buy the set of dishes for which prices are given above. In Eh- In United Products. gland. States Wheat, at 81.10 per bu 4 52 bn. 7.80 bu. Corn, at 75c per dub. 64 bu. 11.44 bu. Oats, at 40c per bult 20 bu. 21.45 bu. Butter, at 25c per 1b19.92 lbs. 74.32 lbs. Cheese, at 10c per 1b49.80 lbs. 85 80 lbs. Three and one third bushels of wheat, nearly five bushels of corn, over ten bushels of oats, fourteen pounds of butter, and thirty-six pounds of cheese represent the tariff bonus which the crockery combine is able by the aid of the McKinley tariff to compel the producers of these pioducts to pay it whenever they buy cro.-kery-ware. Last year a larger amount of these products was needed to make up the tariff bonus, since their vrlce was lower. The time is coming when the farmers will see this in its true light, and will demand the full value of their labor.

More W aife Reductions.

A dispatch to the New York Post from Pittsburg says: “It is reported to-day that the iron and steel manufacturers of the United States will make a general assault on the Ama gamated Association in the spring. Tne skilled workmen in all the union mills belong to this association, and the annual wage scale for the United States is made in this city Preliminary sklrm shes have already o cured, and in every instr nee the workmen were beaten. ” Under the protection of the McKinley tariff the manufacturers have formed trusts and combinations to control prices and appropriate all the tariff bonus to themselves. At the same time they use their organization to stop the workmen from uniting and to keep down their wages. The reductions in wages referred to in the above dispatch were those made by the Carnegies, the Pennsylvania Steel Company, the Bethlehem Iron Company, all members of the steel rail trust; by the firm of Jones & Laughlin, a member of the steel beam trust; and by the Oliver & Roberts Wire Company, which cut wages 20 per cent; and the Baker Wire Company, both members of the Columbia Patents Company, popularly known as the wire trust What could show more clearly that, the tariff is not for the workmen? “Hands off immigration,” said Carnegie recently. High duties on the product of trustsand free trade in labor is the keynote of high protectionism. Much stress is laid upon the fact that the McKinley tariff has almost completely prohibited the importation of woolen rags and shoddy from Europe to the United States. But no mention is made of the other fact that not a pound of woolen rags or shoddy is exported from this country. While England, Germany, Italy and poorer countries of Europe largely export these cheap materials, the

manufacturers of the Unitsd States have need of all the rags and shoddy they can •get as a substitute for pure wool to make into clothing for the richest people of the world. How often the domestic rags are worked over in the shoddy: mills is a question to which the statistics of manufactures afford no adequate answer.—Philadelphia Beeord.

WHO PAYS THE TARIFF?

How the Piute Glass Combination Manipulates the Heavy Duties on Plate Glass and Collects the Bonus from Consumers. Next to the duties upon window glass those on plate g ass are the highest in the whole McKinley tariff. Our Imports of polished unsilvered plate glass in 1890 were as follows: Square it ad val Sizes - feet. Value, cts ¥ o Not above 10x15 Inches square 93,819 $ 21,931 3 13 10xl >to 16x24 inches 195,z99 53,278 5 18 16x24 to 24x30 “ 956,182 294,568 8 26 24x30 to • 4x60 * 1,132,639 385,565 25 78 Above 21x60 “ 447,866 162,02 1 50 138 T0ta1..,9,821,(65 #917.369 66 In the rolling of plate-glass manufacturers do not intend to turn out glass of sizes less than 24x30 inches. The smaller sizes are made only from defective or broken pieces of large plates. They are therefore in the nature of bye products only, and made only to a limited extent. The demand for such small plates for small mirrors, display shelves and counters has been so great that large imports are necessary. The plate-glass manufacturers confine themselves to the larger plates only. The duties on these sizes are therefore their protection. Their annual production of polished plate is about 10,000,000 square feet, against an importaton of less than 3,000,000 square feet; but so well do they manipulate -the market and so strong is their control, over production and prices that they get' out of the tariff nearly all there is in it, as the following shows: Price in Price in Price in U. S. Prance U. 8. higher. Duties, eq. ft., sq. ft., eq. ftl, »q. ft., Sizes— cents, cents, cents. cents. 24x31 to 3 x4B in.. 27.12 46 18.88 25 30x49 inches and 0ver3).44 73 42.56 50 The effect of this use of the tariff, to get out of it as much as possible to increase profits, may be shown by the history of the Pittsburg Plate Glass Company. Nino years ago this company built its first works at Creighton, Pa ; five years later another plant was erected at Tarentum. In 1889 J. B. Ford, one of the principal stockholders of the company, erected another plant at Ford City and sold it to the Pittsburg Plate Glass Company for $1,500,000, one-half of which was to be paid in bonds and the other half in stock of the company at par. Trouble arose at once, for the other stockholders objected to the payment of $750,000 at its par value only, for the stock had advanced 100 per cent in the open market. The original stock of the company was SBOO,OOO, which was later increased to $2,000,000 and, when the Ford City works were purchased, to $2,750,000. In spite of the constant increase in capital the stock is now worth S2OO per share, the par value being SIOO. Last year the company declared a dividend of 31 per cent. Meanwhile the company pays its workmen lower wages than are paid in any other industry requiring skilled labor. The contiol of the industry by a combination of the manufacturers is complete. Just so long as tariff continues as high as it is, just so long will the combination to fix prices so as to get as big a tariff bonus as possible and to keep down the wages of labor continua If the men will not work in their factories at the wages they fix, “they can go like I done,” as one of the workmen expressed it But “the tariff is not a tax,” says McKinley, “for the foreigner pays it ” Is he right?

TARIFF SHOT.

The Results of High Protection. From 1847 to'lß6l we had revenue tariffs, or what the high protectionists of to-day choose to call “free trade” tariffs. Under the operations of these tariffs our farmers were prosperous, and the cause of it is not far to seek, for all tariff duties were low and manufacturers could not combine and form trusts to raise the prices of their products on the one hand, and on the other to cut down the wages of their workmen. The farmers therefore got in exchange for their corn and wheat the full value of these products in manufactured go ds. From 1847 to 1861 the average price of’corn in New York was 69 4-10 cents per bushel, or During the ten years ending with 1890 the average price of corn in New Y’ork was cents ] er bushel, or If the high protectionists are right their system has reduced the price of corn over 21 per cent. Window glass has been highly protected since 1816, except during the period from 1847 to 1861, when the duties were low, chiefly for revenue. In 1861 the duties were raised again, and many times since, till now under the McKinley tariff they average over 100 per cent. The result is shown in the following table: Prices per box Sixes. or BO feet, inches. Quality, iB6O. 18J0. Bxlo3d 81.95 81.90 Bxlo.th. l.eo I.SOSj 10x142d. 2.40 2 04 10x143d. 210 1.90 12x181st. 8.00 2.75 12x183d. 2.40 2.28 18x242d. 8 60 3.H 22x282d. 8.60 8.32 Total, 8 boxes *2j,85 ®13.128J Under the protection of a high tariff the window-g ass manufacturers have been able to combine to keep up ’ prices, and as a.result window glass is nearly as high as in 1860. It took only 30 bushels of corn to buy the above eight boxes of window g ass in 1860, at. the average price of corn from 1847 to 1861, dr But in 1890 it took a litt'e over 35 bushels of corn, at the average prici of corn for the past ten years, to buy the same amount of window glass, or The farmer’s tribute to the bonus of high protectionism is therefore 5 bushels of corn Wherein lies the beneticence bestowed upon the farmer by a high tariff, on the beauties of which Meli in ey and his associates de.ight to speak?

The Cordage Trust Advances Prices.

A further advance has been made by the National Cordage company, who on Saturday advanced the price of Manila rope three-fourths of a cent per pound, and sisal and New Zealand one cent per pound. This action is taken in view of the fact that they are securing control of the market and outside competition ceases to be an important factor. The tone of the market is decidedly strong and it is thought probable that further advances will follow.— The McKinley tariff increased the duty on pickles 30 per cent With this inducement to rbbbery on the statute book a combine of twenty-five companies in the West has been organized to get out of consumers ali that the traffic will bear. Appaiently there will soon be as many trusts in the country at there arc protected industries. —Philadelphia Record.

ALL ABOUT CHURCH BELIS.

Some Facte Concerning Evangelista of the Iron Throat and Sovereigns or the Storm. The bell tolls on in solemn mockery of all protest Many it It has a history—old as civilization—and abounding in romance and. poetry. Passing through Troy, N. Y., the other day, I came upon a bell foundry where many of the great bells of the country were made, says a writer in the Philadelphia Press. The bell-maker, a very affable gentleman, with some of the cheerful’ cadences of his own manufactures in. his voice, was engaged in the delicate and difficult task of tuning and selecting bells for a chime. In the course of our chat he told me many interesting facts. • - It is not known who cast the firstbell. Some one gravely avers that. Tubal Cain, “the instructor of every artificer in brass and iron,” formed the sounding metal into a rude kind of bell. The best that can be said for this bold statement is that Tubal Cain has not contradicted it. Perhaps the idea of a bell was first suggested by striking upon pots and kettles. Hence the most ancientform of the large bell was that of the Indian gong or of the caldrons of Dodona. When large bells came into use is

A JAPANESE BELL.

purely a matter of conjecture. TheChinese employed rude bells of a large size at least 2,000 years B. C., but, these were made of pieces of metal welded together, and were nearlysquare in shape. Religious assemblies were convoked among the Jewsand the Egyptians by the trumpet. The Turks at first struck a wooden, board or iron plate with a hammer,, but now the muezzin or Mohammedan crier with solemn effect proclaims from the lofty minaret the hour of prayer. The early Christian church, gathered in silence. Persecution, stalked abroad. The bell that had called them to worship would simultaneously have rung their death-knelj. It was not until the sixth century, at least, that the bell became a feature in the Christian church, and with it came the gracefully ascending spirethat conducts man’s orisons to theskies. Although the English have Maimed that a chime cannot be properly rungby machinery, Yankee ingenuity has invented a contrivance which produces as good music as one hears in. England. In that country there is a man in charge of each bell. In America church bells are sounded by means of chains and rods leading from the ends of the clappers and passing through pulleys to the posision of the ringer, where they ar& attached by movable straps to manuals in the form of levers, which are operated by a single player. Bells are much used in Japan, especially in the ceremonies of worship. They are suspended in low towers, near the temples, and are sounded by means of wooden beams swinging from the roof, to which straw ropes are attached. When one enters a temple in Japan he puHs this rope and rings the bell, thus arousing the deity, who is wide awake when the worshiper comes into his presence.

BIG GUN BURSTED.

The Six-Inch Breech-Loader After the Seventh Round. The accompanying illustration shows the remains of a six-inch breech-loading gun of the latest pattern, which burst on board the British man-o’-war Cordelia while that vessel was cruisiag in the Pacific Ocean a short time ago. The explosion cost the lives of six men, two lieutenants, and four seamen, twelve-other men were badly wounded, while great and

THE BURSTED GUN.

remarkable damage was done to the ship. The gun was being used in tiring practice and it appeared to be sound at the end of the sixth round. It was loaded with common shell for the seventh round, but when the charge was fired the gun burst with terrific effect. The ship shook violently, and pieces of iron flew in all directions. The foretopgallant lift to the royal yard, a rope at the extreme top of the mast, was cut. The breech block and a large portion of the gun carriage were hurried across the deck which was burst through and a part of the gun carriage was blown down into the main deck, while fragments of the shattered gun fell into the sea hundreds of yards away to starboard.

Reward of Bravery.

Patrtek McX is a great admirer of personal bravery, and hever fails to insist that men of intrepidity are entitled to great favors and privileges. He was told the story of a murderer who had died bravely on the gallows, taking the whole matter with smiles and gay words. “An’ sure,” said Patrick, .“whin a man has died on the gallows as brave as that, the giver’ment should pardhon him on the sphot for his bravvery! ”