Democratic Sentinel, Volume 15, Number 43, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 13 November 1891 — Page 5

MOTHERLESS CHICKS.

SURPRISES AT A LONG ISLAND POULTRY FARM. <t ' —— Where the Thermometer Rules— Thousands of Birds Within Call, but Few in Sight—ln the Brooding House. Hundreds of little balls of fluffy down, sedate old bens, arrogant roosters, velvety, lily white ducks. They are all within reach of the mildest halloo and yet not a dozen of them in sight at once. That is the first impression one gets of a large, well ordered poultry farm. It is a curious impression, too. The underpinning of your ideas seems utterly out of gear. Where is the traditional cluck-cluck and the feathered bustle of the barnyard you know so well? Then you suddenly remember. Modern science has stepped in with her incubators and her mixed feed and deposed Mother Nature on her own ground. The “settin 7 heu” is good, but the hot air box is more reliable. “The chickens and the ducks are all there '‘behind the scenes” in a long row of frame buildings. The poultry farm of to-day is run on scientific principles. The machinery does not wear itself, it is far too well oiled. But you may feel its motion. “Sandacre,” the country scat of Robers Colgate, on the outskirts of the village of Quogue, L. 1., within sight and sound of the blue Atlantic, is at once one of the most famous and representative of modem poultry farms. It is famous because of its size audits varieties of fancy fowl, representative because every innovation and improvement is brought into play within its boundaries. Once upon a time there was a farm on the New Jersey sands that far exceeded it. But now that Jersey chicken settlement has handed over its glories and “Sandacre” reigns—unique at least. “Sandacre Farm” as it is to-day is the outgrowth of years. Mr. Colgato has long been a fancier of i*ote. But until recently he has always exhibited in the name of his manager and kept, aloof from the turmoil of county ai>d state fairs. It was the organization of the New York Poultry and Pigeon Association that brought him before tire public •as a man of fowl. He was not one of the association’s originators, but summoned to the very first conclave .he made his mark among those who were and was •elected the first president. 'Phis post he has filled ener-sinoe. I visited "Sandacre Farm” on a hot .morning. The sunlight lay warm and glistening on the brown roofs of the long row of chicken houses and the waters of Quogue Bay—ra magnificent duck poud, truly —shimmering in the glare. “Sundacre" is most appropriately named, und, to paraphrase a 'bit, it might well be called “a fowls paradise.” And the! Scriptural injunction has been obeyed. The soil .is -sandy.everywhere, hut it,is not upon the sand .that these houses have been built.

Gay lor, the .manager, awaited me at the incubator house door. And a strangely interesting person I found this Gaylor. He was a man of science, a machinest, an electrician, an.inventor und atfancior all rolled into one. The incubator in use (there were two others in the little house) was of his own make, piece by piece, and lie eould.tinker any part of it should noed'be. August;is betwixt.and between seasons for the mechanical hatching of .chickens and ducks. The greatest .activity is in the early months of the year. Then brood.follows hrood without the lot*.of a day. Seven hundred and fifty eggs are put in.the hatcher at one time, though its actual capacity is double that. “Has.experience proved .the incubator a greater success than .the old-fashioned barnyard.hen?” J asked. “Yes,.and no,” nnswered.the.manager, witli .a reflective .whisker .twirl. “The incubator .chickens ore no stronger.and no better than.those hatched in the natural way. But it, is difficult.to .get setting lions, enough etf tbeml mean. Then .again, the proportion.of loss.is very much-smviler in the hatcher. . Look at this machinery and you will see why. And again it was impressed upon me how modern science is able to give points to nature. The.eggs rest in rows on .wire-bottomed trays, eighty-five to ninety-eggs,to a.tray. These trays-slide in and out of the hatcher like desk .drawers. Along the top run ten iron pipes, five for the flow .of water, five for its return. Several .inches lower extends a .thermostat of peculiar design. It is a bar df hard rubber, oue-sixteenih of an inch thick and .one inch wide. It is held taut by a powerful spring and a bar controlled by it plays between the points of an electric cirouit, completing it by touchingtev.ery point, breaking it by standing midway . The .thermostat is regulated to 102-102 b-2 .degrees, the lamp is lit, .the hot water circulates through the pipes. The temperature rises above 102 1-2, the circuit is.completed uud a clock work is put into inetioua, which shoves a loose slee-v* or snuff er «vcr the .lamp wick aaad opens the ventilators. When the temperature has fallen one degree the thermostatic bar files to the ather point. The clockwork moves again, the sleeve is lifted -off the lamp wick, the light blazes up again and the ventilators are closed.

Seemingly the mechanism is perfect, but there is yet another safeguard. A second thermostat is in the machine. This is regulated between 95 and 105, the danger points of incubation. When the temperature touches either of these the, circuit is completed, and three electric bells ring—one in Sandacre mansion, another in the manager's house, the third in the brooding house. It is a danger signal by night as well as by day, seldom if ever sounded, but a hatch of 750 eggs is too precious to tuke risks with, and some sudden mischance might befall. • Each egg is carefully scrutinized as it goes into the trays and many times thereafter. The examination is an interior one, though made wholly from the outsid°. Hens’ eggs are studied by lamp light, the concentration of rays joeing needed. Ducks’ eggs, however, are more transparent and can be looked over at any time. The period.of incubation is eighteen to twenty-two days for hens, twentysix to twenty-eight for ducks’. The science of the poultry farm is not only not ended, but it is just begun when the chick comes out of his shell. In the barnyard the fledgling is thrown upon the cold, hard world at once, and he must scratch for himself even before he cuts his eye teeth, os it were. With the in-cubator-raised chick it is very different. A silver spoon is truly in his mouth. From the hatching Toom he is carried directly to the brooding house. The brooding house is divided into eight “peas.” each about 4xlo, and with tiny “runs” in the sunlight under glass. In the front are rows of steam pipes, which keep the room at on even temperature of a little over seventy, and the chicks huddle up close to *t night*

fall in default of a mother’s warm wings. The floor is well sanded and the “run” outside is made of sandy soil itself. Here the fledglings learn to scratch in an amateur sort of way. Npt for a livelihood—they are too well provided with food for that—but from a natural instinct. The food for the first three days is pinhead oatmeal. Then there follows a week’s diet of old-fashioned johnny cake, baked hard for two hours in a slow oven, ground fine and fed dry. ltis composed of corn meal, wheat bran and ground beef scrap. After this their rations are those of the older fowl, a mixture of com meal, wheat bran, bone meal scrap and ground charcoal. In the winter chopped cabbage is added to make up for their loss of other greou foods. The chick hospital haugs on the wall near by. It is a big cage divided into four wards, or rather compartments, where the fledglings can roceivo especial care and warmth. Medicine is seldom necessary. The weighing machiue is but a few feet off. This, too, is a cage, the flooring resting immediately on the scale. The chick’s promotion to the sea*alary brooding house depends.mainly upon the weather. It is ordinarily a matter of three or four weeks. The secondary brooding house has twenty rooms, each sxß, and open air “runs” of fifty-two feet, separated from each other and the outside world by screens of wire, netting higher than a man’s head. Fifty chicks are placed in each room instead of one hundred, which is the rule in the other houses. Here the young fowl first feels the responsibilities of life. He is deprived of artificial heat and now has a broad field to run and scratch in. But the poultry village is yet incomplete. There is a feed and cook shop, a buutnin house, a building for “surplus” birds, half a dozen small breeding houses, with large yards attached, and the duck buildings down on the edge of Quogue Bay, with a duck pond that is a veritable Southern Sea close at hand. ’The ducks, however, are omnipresent. They have a large yard all to themsolves in the midst of the poultry's domains, and in the heat of the day it is a pretty picture, a flock -of fifty or more of a glossy, glistening white, huddled in the shade of am upright bough arbor of pale brown, with the sparse green grass of the sandy soil as a frame. They are quite unconscious of their -end, -of coarse. And yet the chopping block stands in that very yard. They .have been driven up from the water's edge especially for decapitation. Tho reason of the markots has now come upon them and from fifty to a hundred are killed .each week. But this is but a ■drop iin the bucket fora duck yard producing two or (three thousand a year.— .[.Ne-w York Telegram.

Fasted Fifty Days.

Alex under. Jacques, who undertook to '.fust for fifty days at the Royal Aquarium, (London, England, completed his task. Although during the last week ihis .condition caused much uneasiness to .Drs. Robin and Whitinarsh who watched him (throughout, Mr. Jacques succeeded ,in.abstaining from food. The bulletin issued gave his temperature us'loo and during (the last night he was only able to -sleep for .two hours. This was owing to ■remewed,attacks of gout and to excitement. He still maintained a cheerful -condition and spout the early part of tho morning in attending to his correspondence and talking with those about hint. The bulletin.issued at noon the last day stated that during the past twenty-four ..hours Mr. Jacques had lost two pounds, ! leaving his weight at 114 pounds four ; ounces, liis total loss being twenty-eight Lpoundsfour ounces. His pulse registered -sixty-four, hie respiration 24 and his temperature .98.8. During the previous day .he drank.thirty-four ounces of fluid. At the commencement of the fast the aquarian authorities issued over 2,00© .invitations available at any time, day or night, .during the fifty' days to the inodi.cal men of London. Tho last afternoon a large number of English and foreign physicians visited Jacques, one of whoia, .Dr. Henrik G. Peterson, a Norwegian, practicing in America, tested the strength of the fasting man’s grip on the dynamo meter .before hepuTtook of food, with the .result .that .it was -said to be equal to -seventy-four pounds. As the time approached for the completion of the fust .theireoeption-roomiin which Jacques has remained during .-the .whole of the time became orowdefl -with spectators. Jucquee, who ,htid beon smoking cigarettes (during the latter part of the afternoon, appeared,to bo rather excited. The cheering-«f the uudiouce ,at 4 o’clock an(Uounoed.that the fust was over. Mr. Davis, who has .been the fusting .man’s lecturer throughout the whole of the (time, said that. M_ Jacques had ac■comptished the moststupendous fast ever knowjr, and it has proved the great value •of his herbal powde,r, the secret of which he alone possessed. His .contention was .that urinies campaigning (through a hostile (country, .or if inensuffered shipwreck ■or met with an accident where food was not procurable, the powder would probably be the means of sustaining life until help or sj*eeor .came. Jacques had been iv.atehed night and day by doctors and bv members of the press, and he hoped that he hod now proved to the public without doubt that he was iu possession of a secnet which must prove beneficial in all coses of emergency'. Jacques then rose and carried Kennedy, the mesmerist, twice across the room, and immediately afterward partook of his first meal.,which consisted of ehickon broth, fish and grapes,—[Chicago Herald.

The Diamond Duke.

The Diamond Duke was a nickname given Charles Frederick William Augustus, a Duke of Brunswick in the present century, who was driven out of his dominions by his people in 1831 and who died in exile a few years ago. He was undoubtedly crazj-, and manifested his mental aberration in several peculiar wnj's. He thought everybody was trying to rob him, and his house in Paris was constructed like a fortress. No one was admitted save his intimates, and sometimes his freakish temper denied even them. He converted a large part of his wealth into diamonds, which he kept in strong boxes, secured in cellars and guarded with more precautions than are taken by most banks. The underground rooms where he kept his riches were accessible by secret staircases, the doors of which, when discovered, could be opened only by a knowledge of the numerous combination locks with which they were fastened. His valuable papers and most preciousjewels were kept in a large chest at the head of his bed, and by touching a button the box and its contents descended into a well 150 feet deep. During the last years of his life he spent his time either, in fondling his diamonds or in selecting his costume for the evening. Bewigged. powdered and painted be went nut in the afternoon far bis drive, then,

with ns many of his jowol# as he could bestow ou his person and guarded by half a doson private detectives, he visited the thoatre and returned home. He lived in mortal fear of being poisoned and finally died under the impression that his servants had given him arsenic, in his coffee. —[St. Louis Globo-Demo-crat.

SCALING HERRINGS.

The Work is Performed in a Somewhat Peculiar Manner. A peculiar feature of tho smoked herring industry in this country is tho method by which the fish ore sealed. Enormous quantities of them are captured in weirs and gill-nets and the catch thrown into boats. When a load has been secured the fisherman “treads them out” by walking briskly back and forth through the mass of squirming objects at the bottom of the boat. Tho motion of the fish upon each other and also the contact with the feet and leg* of the "treader” quickly removes the sonles. In tho course of half an hour a skillful operator will thus scale four or five hogsheads of the fish. Another method consists in using a piece of board about a foot long and four or five inches in width, which is securely fastened to a long handle. This is thrust into the center of the mass and moved briskly about until by continued stirring the scales are moved in an incredibly short time. The work must be done while the fish are fresh, as otherwise the scales become set and enu only be taken off with great difficulty, Caro is exercised in both processes, ns if not systematically done, many of the catch will be only partially sealed, and if stirred about or “trod out” for too long a time the flesh will be soft or bruised, in which case the catch will be less salable, and if the skiu is broken, absolutely worthless. After scaling they are washed and salted iu tubs, barrels or hogsheads; then strung on sticks, from twenty-five to thirty-five being placed on eaeh, according to their size. The next step consists in re-washing, to remove all the blood and dirt that has accumulated, and the strings are then laid on frames in the open-air to drain and also to harden and dry the gill-covers. This being accomplished they are taken to the smoke house, properly arranged, the fires started and the smoking begins. Several kinds of wood are used for this purpose in different countries, white birch being preferred iu France, while in England, Scotinud and Holland oak chips und sawdust are considered the best. In this country pine logs that have been soaked in salt water aro selected, as the salt renders tine wood less inflammable und it also gives off a greater volume of smoke. Some of the curers, when the smoking process is nearly completed, build a fire with-oak logs for tho purpose of giving u higher or brighter color to tho fish. As a matter of fact, however, the woods make little or no difference, ‘the chief idea being to get a kind that will burn slowly and at the same time yield a sufficient amount of smoke to cure the fish, and at the same time burn" so slowly that ■there is no possibility of scorching them. —[Detroit Free Press.

Large.

The largest railway depot in the -world Ss at Birmingham, England. It covers eleven acres. An .army of locusts ten miles wide recently swept over the Punjab in India. It •occupied five days iu passing. The highest trestle on ,the line of the Northern Pacific Railroad is that across the Corsican defile, Missoula, Mont., 300 feet above the gorge below. Gladwin, eounty, Michigan, boasts -of having the largest frame barn in rthe •world. It is 156 feet long, 50 feet wide, and in its construction 500,000 foet -of lumber were used. The biggest horse in the world is now (the pride and glory of Detroit. The noble brute is 21 bands high, weighs '2,305 pounds, and is possessed.of remarkable intelligence. The largest lighthouse ilens in this (Country measures fifteen feet in height and eleven .and a half in width, the Internal diameter., or ■‘•‘ball's eye,” being eight feet .eight inches. Some laud in Paris has been sold at rthe rate .of $2,000,000 per acre;; some in London for what would net $5,000,000 per aer.e, and some in New York for a smn equal to $8,000,000 por acre. The British debt is so large that if it were divided into £1 notes they would completely cover the State of Ohio three times over. If paid in penny pieces, and each penny piledoue above the other, it would make seven columns of .copper reaching to tho moon.

Edison’s Latest Device.

Thomas A. Edison, the olectriciau, claims to have just perfected a new system which he can apply to any street car aud wbieh will revolutionize rupid transit. The priuee of electricians said lie would not explain at present his plans or details, but that lie had just finished the tests; that they were a grand success, and that the North American Company is going to use the system. It is a trolley ■system, only the rails are used and there is no slot. It is not a storage battery system either. .\lr. Edison said that by the time the Broadway Company got through digging and ditching, his system would be in operation in some other city at much less expense, and it will give more satisfactory results. He said, too, that he could {lave the old Broadway line and change a dock each night, and no one would have been the wiser until his system was in complete working order. —[New York Commercial Advertiser.

China’s Postal System.

A writer in a Shanghai newspaper recently, describing the Chinese postal system, observes that China has never considered the conveyance of the correspondence of the people as a necessary function of government. This is provided for by postal establishments, which arp to be found in every town of any size, and Europeans in the interior who have to use them report favorably of the system and repose considerable confidence in it. It offers some advantages even over Western postal systems. All letters carried are practically registered and the contents insured to the full value without extra fee, and great latitude is allowed in regard to weight. Letters need not be stamped beforehand; the rule is to keep current accounts with customers, which are settled monthly. The Bank of Paris is said to bars offered Rntaia a loan of W 0,00,030 at foot per cent.

WRAPS ARE NOW WORN.

THE NOVEMBER ATMOSPHERE BRINGS THEM ALL OUT. They Are'Made In All Lines of Woolen Stuffs, Velvet* and Plushes, and Sometimes in Combinations or Satin and Velvet—A Pretty Velvet lloiinet A Child’s Cloak, Etc. Feminine Adornment.

OVEMBER atmosphere has a crispness and a clearness which are very favorable to the display of soft, warm tints, writes Carrie Careless from New York. Nooneknows this better than the intelligent woman of fashion, who invariably adjusts the tones of her costumes to what she calls the “weather,” but which in reality means the light. Some gowns call for one sortof lightand some for another, and it is no small for the fashionable woman -to determine under

what conditions a gown will light up well. Novembor, too. has this peculiarity about It; it is pre-eminently the month for wraps, and this alone endears it to tho tall, slender woman who adores wraps. It may safe ybo said that the cape-shaped, high-shouldered mantle is now at the height of its popularity. They run in all lines of woolen stuffs, velvets aud plushes, and sometimes in combinations of satin and velvet One, for instance, of gray satin arid black velvet brocade, struck mo as very rich and stylish. It was embroidered In arabesques of steel and jet, and edited with a thick chenille fringe, eaeh strand of which was finished off by a gray silk ball and two or three steel beads. In my initial illustration you will find pictured a very pretty deep cape-shaped mantle In white cashmero, decorated with an applique design representing leaves in silver and dark olive green, the borders being of olive green velvet, outlined with silver. The high Henry IV. collar Is also in olive green velvet. The gown Is of o ive green faille, with half sleeves of white cashmere, embroidered In tho same way as the shoulder cape Round tho waist there Is a celnture of plain white satin, while running entirely arourd tho hem of the skirt there Is an embroidery of white leaves. Tho bonnet worn with this costume Is In olive green velvet, with black ostrich feathers and striped silk strings in white and olive green knotted behind, under the hair, and completes an ensemble of rare richness and elegance in good ta*te. In the matter of feminine headgear, I may say that a great deal of inauve is to

STYLISH VELVET BONNET.

be worn this autumn, -and green also, and every tint or warm browns or chestnuts. For those who like a striking theater bonnet, crimson ve vet answers the purpose very well. it should be garnitured with irich aril aments arud laces. In the way -of trimming, f.al I bonnets will -show .a preference foT guipure •and Venetian lace, feathers, of course, and fur in some cases. My seoond iilustrartiiom set* forth a very pretty bonnet of pal* blue velvet, the crown being ornamented with graduated rows of brown appH jue. The velvet is (puffed high, both at the hack and in .tbe front, the strings being of pa'e blue satin ribbon. I should add that we on this side of the Atlantic are likely to feel the effect of the present rage in Paris for Russian gowns and Russian toques, and tlie latter, I can promise, will be qmlte sure to please those whose taste run to gaedy and altogether startling effects. The Russian toque is very becoming to a dark-haired and dark eyed woman It has a c'oth crown decorated in gold and green embroidery, the brim being of astrakhan. Not to overlook the little folks, I give in my third illustration a very pretty design for a child’s autumn cloak, a woolen stuff in a large checked pattern The garment is made loose in front and adjusted to the figure at the back. Lengthwise in the front sides there is one large pleat which is sewed to the lining at the lower edge of the cloak. The sides of the back below the waist line cross a little. They are fuller where they join the side seam and form two large pleats. The pelerine, like the cloak, has one large pleat in front and falls straight over the sleeves. At the back tiio pelerine is divided like the mantle itself. The same pleats must be made in the lining

CHILD'S CLOAK.

as in the material itself, and there are pleats also at the neck. This stylish Tittle garment closes with horn buttons extending a few inches below the waist line. It is surprising how many delicate variations of the same valor are pro*

dneed nowadays. Black is no longer black, nor white white, and tho same may be said of the grays, lilacs, mauves and purples. No matter, how exacting a lady's complexion may bo, some becoming shade may be found by diligent searching: hence would I say to those contemplating new autumn or winter costumes: hurry slowly, and don’t decide until the very shade has been found. It may be that black lace over a heliotrope silk is what you need, or a pale gray may suit you best, or a gown of alternate stripes of mauve and white. An authority iu matters of feminino adornment insists that it always pays to give more for a becoming dress. Hasty choice usually results in a gown that one grows tired of in a few weeks, whereas a really bocoming dress is not thrown aside until it falls to pieces. Walking dresses continue to be mado up in two shades with line effect. A skirt of dark-green maybe beautifully set off by having a aoep hem, over which you lay an inch-wide band of pea-green cloth having Jet passementerie over it The upper part of the bodice is of groen velvet, and back and front there are bands of the pea-green cloth with tho same ornaments. By way of variety I give you in my fourth illustration a novel design for an interior costume, well adapted for a studio reception, at which one expects to meet with costumes not strictly in harmony with prevailing modes. This gown may be made up in a plain and figured stuff or in two shades of tho same material. The dress proper is made up with a crossed bodice, whilo the over part in princess form has broad rovers faced with the dress material. The ovordress is garnitured its full length with silk grelots. My attention was lately attracted by a charming indoor toilet in twp shades of

STUDIO COSTUME.

gray woolen stuff. It was made princess stylo on a foundation of a lighter gray, which served as plastron and tablier. There was a yoke of embroidery which was lined with silk or tho color of the stuff, and three bands of embroidery on the darker material, one on the basque, one on the bottom of the skirt and one midway. Cloth gowns have their plainness relieved by a vest of fancy pattern. Theso vests, or more properly speaking waistcoats, for they have lapels, pockots and backs of lining for all the world like the masculine garment, are particularly ■stylish, providod the fit be faultless, and the woman of fashion now has a number of theso fancy vests so tiiat she may make a change to suit her particular cast of thought or humor—a lively pattern when feeling in good spirits, a dull one when'Otherwise. Each tailor-mado is supposed to bate several vests of different patterns to go with it. The princess form soems to be quite popular, but tho front is invariably jacket form, fa l» ing ovor a tight skirt. You will be quite ■safe in ordering the jacket with loose sides, .provided the skirt toe t'ght and the vest glove-fitting, otiiorwlso not. There is a so a marked taste for'eorseiet bodices for evening wear, and you ■may rig up a very pretty evening costume .at a small outlay by a full toodloe in soft, silk of some bright color to be worn with a black skirt and a black corselet. Tho Tudor sleeves with puffs springing out.at the shoulder and elbow are very becoming to long arms. At this season of the Fear young people’s thoughts turn to all sorts of winter 'entertainments, from amateur theatricals to skirt and fiower dancs. Last season there w-ere some very pretty exbi■bitionsof fiower costumes at private and semi - public entertainments. Tulips, chrysanthemums, roses, hollyhocks, sun-

DESIGNS FOR FLOWER COSTUMES

flowers, and hosts of others wero successfully simulated in siik or satin, and in some case* the imitations were qulto effective. Iho 1 ower made use of In the eo-tumes represented in my last illustration is tho carnation, which made up a very brilliant cost ime, the leaves going to form tho :klrt and the greoi calyxes hanging gracefully from the waist. Of course a cluster of tho natural flower must appear in tho corsage. With a little attention to artistic fitnec, these Cower costumes may bo used with admirable effect to heighten the par ticular style of beauty of each young person taking part in the dancing or post iring. There is no doubt tiiat jet garniture of all kinds wll be much i sed on winter dresses, but the huge cabochons have bpen somewhit overdone a d bee nnc rather vulgar.zed, so that in their stead you will see tiny beads and nailheads finely cut in facets. Jet spang es, too, laid closely one over til • other In unbroken lines forming large branching patterns, are genuine novelties. Another novelty is (he use of white cioth for trimming purpose*, parti uiarly for making vests, revers, cuffs and yokes. It is cut in bands, pinked out and laid under a fold of the material round the bottom of skirts, and you often sec an underbasque of white cloth,'both under and upper being cut in tabs. An excellent lotion for imparting a rosy glow to the cheeks by calling the blood to the surface consists of tincture of benzoin, 1 tablespoonful; rose water, 3 ounces. Apply to the cheeks daily. A harmless lotion for removing freckles Is as follows: Lemon Juice, 1 ounce; powered box ax, X drachm; sugar. X drachm.

PERILS OF DIVERS.

NEW YORKERS WHO MAKE THEIR LIVING UNDER WATER. A Diver’s Fierce Fight With a Big Shark —Story of the Frigate Hussar and its Sunken Treasure. Of expert submarine divers there are not more than a score in and near New York city. At least that is what one of the helnicteit fraternity said yesterday, but ho added that there are "3COUSO” divors without number, and when asked what “soouso ” meant stated that it was a term used to designate a man wlto would work for $3 a day, who would do considerable talking prior to going below the surface and very little work after lie dropped out of sight. Divers like John Chittenden. James Hicks, Henry Kinlin and John Haggerty are artisans as well. They can work at the mason’s trade, can do a neat bit of carpentering or turn their hands to mining. And all this is necessary, for they ure nothing more nor loss than submarine mechanics, and tho solidity of many a structure depends upon tho care of the man who goes below the water’s surface and luvs the stones on the bed of the sea; whilo sunken vessels cannot he raised until holes are patched and seams stopped up. For being a jaek-of-all-trudcs under the water these men receive from $25 to SSO a day when at work. Thomas Hand, lliciiard Hullett and Thomas Bell were divers of the old school who went, down in bells and did their work between breathing spells. When two or more of tho fraternity are together they always tell stories about tho adventures of their predecessors, and tho tale most often referred to is Richard Hullott's fight with a shark. These old-tim-ers say tiie adventure Ims never been chronicled in printer's ink, although known to them all. Hullett at the time was working on a deep-water wreck and oarried a very sharp saw below with him. While being gontly lowered in his bell one day ho saw a black object, beneath him that grew rapidly in sizo and in a second rose to his side. It was a shark and it hud boon caught in the bell. Frightened at the confinement, tho marine monster struggled to escape, and a blow of its tail knocked Hullett from liis resting-place. Man and fish wore then struggling in the water, both held fast in u narrow compartment, und one rubbing ugainst tho other. Hallett, so the story goCH, seized the shark by a fin and held on, although the animal plunged around and around. As long as lie could maintain liis grip the shark oould not get at him, and holding on like grim death with his left, the diver plunged liis fine-tooth saw with his right into and up and down the animal’s body until the water was dyed crimson, llow long tlio terrible struggle lasted Hullett. could never tell; ho remembered signaling to “pull up,” and the next thing hi' know he was lying at home in hod with liis badly lacerated hand bandaged. Those who hoisted the diving-bell say that tho shark and Hallett. both covered with blood and both apparently dead, rollod out together, and that liallett’s hand was still tightly clusped about tln* fin.

Roliert 8. Russell bus been earning liis bread and butter by expeditions below the surface ever since he was ten yenrs of age, except for a period of three months, when lie tried liis hand as a reporter, and nearly starved, he says, until lie abandoned the pencil and again donned the armor. Russell run away from home in tlie year 1854, boarded a wrecking vessel, and the year 18511 finds him one of tlie most export divers on the coast. “Speaking of fairyland,” said Bussell, “the only pluco it ever existed is below the surface. You people who never went down below tlie waves don’t know whut you have missed. In clear water on a brightduy beautiful prismatic colors are thrown on rocks ami stones, long pendants of seaweed droop more gracefully tliuu tho branches of any weeping willow, und between their folds, with sparkling scalos, our friends the fishes glide in and out. There they are at home, and there is us much difference between a fish below tlie surface and tho poor, gasping crouturo in the Wat, as there is between the bird sailing far above our heads and the game bunging in a butcher's shop.” Russell was usked if he lmd met with any adventures. Ho suid that lie bad not except on two occusions, when lie was lot down into deep water and no air came to.him because tlie tube had become obstructed with pieces of paper. He couldn't describe the sensation, becuuse there was none. He was yasensihle each time, and tho last time it was throe days before he recovered. “ Like many another diver,” lie continued, “ 1 have had my spell at work on the old Hussur. Bomo persons do not believe that any portion of the old frigate lies near the foot of 138th street, hut 1 have wandered around on the bottom in that locality too often and poked uwny at l the water-logged ribs too many times not to know tiiat portions of tho wreck do j lie at the point named. Of course there have beon inuny stories told about this wreck, and much that has beon published is rubbish, but I hove been familiar with her history over since I bognn to dive, and I I am going to Icll tlie Recorder something that is known to only two or three —something that may result at no distant (lute in auother effort to secure tho lost treasure. It is history that tlie Hus- j sar had about £2, (MX),000 in gold on board j and that slio was sailing for the port of j New York near tlie close of the Revo- j lutionary War with money to pay tlie troops. While in Hell Gate she struck j Pot Rock and commenced to leak. Her : pilot was a negro named Bounty, and, by I the way, descendants of this same Bounty | live neur Port Morris to-day, and a cave : is named aft*‘r their ancestor. When Bounty learned tiiat tlie frigate was fill- j ing rapidly lie jumped overboard und j swam ashore. “The Hussar drifted along with the tide and finally went down. There is nothing to show that a larger sum than | £2O was ever taken from that locality, j although within the past forty years dozens of companies have worked at the spot. It is sandy bottom there, and, as the ship’s timbeis are partly sunken, it stands to reason that a box filled with gold would be buried. Therefore the only way to work below the wreck is to sink a bell or platform beneath the sand. A Philadelphia company tried it with cylinders, splicing on u new section as fast as one disappeared, and if they bad j had enongh money they could have bored through to Chinn, but their funds gave out after one summer. “Prior to the suspension of work, He rm m Maliford was sent to England to search the Admiralty records. Upon his return lie statod tiiat the reports showed that the gold never went down in the Hussur. After the frigate began to fill a .barge was lowered and tho boxes of treasure were placed on board. There was a heavy tiuo running, and the weight of the gold, combined with the rushing

waters, caused the smaller boat to capsize and she went down long before the Hussar sank, and at some distance from the spot where the frigate finally disappeared. Mr. Russell then branched off upon other subjects and told chilling stories about diving in mid-winter. Ho said that it was not an unusual occurrence for divers to have their fingers frozen and that he had met with such misfortunes twice. “We dress os warm as the Esquimaux at such a timo,” said he, “and our diving nrmor has to bo muoh larger than in summer in order to go over the clothing. I have two suits of underclothing made out of flannel blankets, and wear them both in very cold weather; also two pairs of mittens under my rubber gloves. The quickest work divors have to do is when preparing mines in the winter time. Dynamite, as is known, freezes very quickly, and when frozen is usoless. On a cold day the diver takes his stick of explosive, which is as carefully wrapped up as he is, and hastens to the bottom. There lie lias about ten seconds in which to placo the chnrfjo and be pulled up before the mino is tired.” “How deep have you been, Mr. Russell ? ” "Once I was at a depth of 122 feet,” ho replied, “but I would not hesitate togo down 140 foot if tlie occasion demanded. No, Ido not foel badly when, so fur down. My only sensation ih tiiat of stiffness; indeed, 1 am just like i* board, and it is difficult to raise an arm' ora toot.* “Can you see for any great distance when you are below ? ” "That depends entirely upon the condition of tlie water and whether tlie sun< is shining brightly or not. I have been in places where I oould soo a distance of 3(M) yards, but the ufdor in New York Bay is thick, and ono can soldom decipher any tiling u foot away.”—[New York Recorder.

BALD AND TOOTHLESS.

Man is Said to bo Rapidly Losing Hair and Teeth. Man is rapidly becoming hairless and toothless, according to some of the bust authorities, and if wo tako their statements it will not bo many generations before lie is ns bald us a baby and as toothless us a lion at the present rate of progress lie is making in that direction. '1 ne statement relative to liis liuir is made on tho authority of the London Lancet, the loading medical journal it»> the world. The Lancet attributes tho t rouble almost wholly to tho hats we wear liow-a-days, which, it declares, are tlio worst possible and very productive of baldness. It is especially opposed to the derby and stiff “silk” hat or beaver, which press down upon the glands of tho head, cutting off tho circulation of tho blood and keeping out tho air so as to produce atrophy in the capillary roots. Whenever a hat is tight and stiff enough to leave a mark on tho forehead it is* dangerous and to be shunned as certain to bring baldness in timo. While tho lints worn by men are the worst, tho Lancet bus serious fault to find with those lately fiishionablo among women, not because tlio cause baldness, but because they, ure no covering at all and only a pretense, subjecting tlio wearor to colds, lung troubles and similar complaints. The Lancet thinks tliut female fashion* ure setting in a direction that will assure# women better or at leust safer bonnets', but it sees no hope for jbo men. The derby and silk hut have apparently como to stay. They arc tho worst thut could possibly be worn, but tills will make no difference, for fashions soldom consider the matter of health. The only advice, it cun give men is to stay in tlie house a* much us possible and always remove* . their huts while in there. This will give tho hair a chance to improve and recover its health, but oven with this they may expect to become bald at u very early/ day. , At the suino timo tiiat the Lancet tells-/ us that there is little liopo of saving . wlmt liuir we have loft its, Dr. J. S. Tm> nor, president of tlie British Dental Aj»sociution, and a man of high standing ini his profession, declares tiiat our teeth are l rapidly deteriorating, and he offers some;) suggestions of how they can bo saved, although ho is doubtful whether theso suggestions will bo sufficient to stop tho deterioration now under way. it is a question, therefore, of how much we can save of civilized man. His hnir and teeth are going—they are apparently icyoiul saving—but lot us hope we com save enough of him to make some sort of appearance. It will not do to leave him. like Hhukespeare’s old man, “suns teeth, sans eyes, suns taste, sans everything-”' —[New Orleans Times-Democrat-

Mokanna the Veiled.

The veiled prophet ivui not u croution of mere fancy, but a genuine historic | character of tho eighth century. His ! name was Suakiin Hen Allah, but he | culled himself Mokunna the VeiledHaving lost one eye from an arrow wound, he wore a thick veil to conceall the deformity, and laid claim to be am incarnation of the Deity. Ho had many followers in Arabia, and soon possessed himself of a lurge part of that country, and was acknowledged by a number of cities. His intiuouce wus retained by many devices, such being his skill in magic and legerdemain that his tricks passed for miracles. Troops were sont against him by tho Culipn-Mulmdi, his armies were defeated! in the field, and ho wus besieged in a small fortress in thesouth of Arabia. Finding success impossible and deeming escape hopeless, he poisoned his attendants in a banquet and leaped into a well or cistern which had been partly filled with destructive acids. When the conquerors forced a way 'into the castle they searched in vain for him or his body, the latter having been en- ■ tirely dissolved by the corrosive fluids. The secret was discovered by the confession of one who had beheld tho gre--1 parations for suicide; but in some parts of Arabia there are still persons who bc- | lievc that Mokunna ascended to heaven. —[Chicago Herald. Last summer a Nebraska young man disappeared from his home, lea'ving word that he was going to hare a good time, like the l rodigal Son of Holy Writ. The other day he came home, leading a calf, and on meeting his father he said: j “ Well, father, I have had enough of ,1 time to last me the rest of my life. Will you take back your prodigal ? I have brought a calf with me.” To which the old man replied, “ I see two calves, my I son; but lot that pass. I need, another ’ hired man, and if you will keep straight I'll take you on.” “By gum, yer a. white man, dad,” replied the son, and beimmediately went to work to show that he< had reformed. As for the calf, It waadecided not to kill it, os it was of blooded, stock, and when raised will be a valuablecow. i