Democratic Sentinel, Volume 15, Number 21, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 12 June 1891 — Page 3

THE YEAR OF FLAME.

AWFUL DESTRUCTION BY FOREST FIRES. •JDie Fires of the Preseut Year Kecall the devastation of 1871—The Terrible Fate -salt Hefei Peshtigo, 11 is.—Vivid Description of the Scenes. Although the forest fires of the present •year in Mew Jersey, Michigan and Pennsylvania have doubtless destroyed nearly four million dollars’ worth of property, and swept two or three hundred poor families into the last ditch of destitution, besides costing several scores of Jives, yet these fires do not compare in disastrous results and horrible details with the fearful tornado of flame that swept both shores of Green Bay in 1871, .a year destined to bo known in history •as “The Yearof Flame,”by the simultaneous destruction of the city of Chicago and t.he great pine forests with their multitude of thriving towns and pioneer settlements. If these calamities had occurred separately instead of simultaneously, the impression ®made by each upon the public mind would have been tar more vivid and lasting. As it was, public attention was almost completely absorbed by the burning of Chicago, and the holocausts of the pineries, which entailed a much greater loss of life, were passed by with a tithe of the attention that they would have attracted had not the public eye been dazed by the mighty conflagration 4n the commercial capital of the West. When, also, it was true that the great •Chicago dailies were then homeless va-

grants, so to speak, and unable to .find half space enough in their columns to voice their own woes, it is small wonder that only meager accounts, entirely disproportioned in extent to the ■enormity of the disaster, are on record, •concerning the Wisconsin and Michigan fires. It seems as though the elements entered into a deliberate and calculating conspiracy to prepare for a great conflagration. From April until autumn the sun poured down upon this Northwestern country a fierce and steady flood of scorching rays, with hardly a single, .•shower or passing cloud to dim its awful” intensity. Not only were the crops withered and the forests parched but the very soil was baked to a crust more like peat fuel than fertile earth. Prudent men, who observed the times and seasons, felt a sense of impending •danger and took every precaution to provide for their own safety and that of their fellows, by avoiding the starting of ■any fire out of doors. But a few heedless persons did not observe this necessary caution and occasional clouds of smoko became visible over the great pine woods, from the decks of the vessels plying up and down the bay. It was an ill-omen and those who saw it shook their heads in sad apprehension. Gradually the volume of smoke increased and toward the latter part of September, the fires becamS general, and assumed formidable proportion-", threatening many little inland settlements with destruction. But their hardy inhabitants were used to “fighting fire,” and, once awakened to the so rful odds against them, doubled their diligence and for a time succeeded in averting destruction. But it was only a, temporary victory. From the remote

HURRIED TO INSTANT FLIGHT.

backwoods where it had its birth, the fire steadily and stealthily crept on towards the more populous towns near the coast. Among these was the prosperous little village of Peshtigo, on the Peshtigo River, where William B. Ogden of Chicago, had built the largest manufactury of “wooden ware” in this country, if not in the world, at that time. It contained two thousand inhabitants. On the 24th of September, according to contemporaneous accounts, the people of Peshtigo were called upon to make a stand against the flames that appeared in the surrounding timber. They made a heroic fight for hours, sometimes almost despairing, but again catching hope, as, one after anolner the columns of flame were beaten back. Victory finally rewarded their efforts and they returned it their homes to rest their weary bodies,

thankful that the long strain of anticipating danger was over: that they had met the enemy and conquered. How little they dreamed of the veritable baptism of fire that awaited them. Although a, pall of smoko still hung over

the woods on all sides of them, as the days worn on into October, the feeling of security in their hard-earned victory seemed to increase. One thoughtful man isaaid to have made a circuit of the town, carefully investigating all its surrounding ground, and pronounced the town safe. Every foot of the ground between the village and the timber seemed to bo clear of anything that could convey combustion. On Sunday evening, at the close of services in the churches, the sky, to the south, had an ominous brilliancy, and soon a distant roar became audible. Then a strong, hot wind, like the breath of a blast furnace, swept the town. This was the forerunner of the tornado of fire that was bearing down upon them with incredible speed and a power that uprooted trees.

So brief was the warning of the oncoming disaster that only a few of the inhabitants were aware of the doom that was enveloping them before it was fairly upon them. All printed accounts state that thero was but one version of the spectacle of the approaching fire given by survivors. They described it as a veritable tornado of fire, accompanied by a fearful roar. Dense clouds emitted metors of flame, and these firebaiis seemed to to burled at the buildings and people, as d'rectly as though from the mouths of be.-eiging cannon. This made the awful work of destruction very short, setting every building in the town ablaze almost as instantaneously as though ignited by an electric current. Many declared that points of flame seemed to strikeout at the panic-stricken people as they rushed from their dwellings and fled to the river. Only those fortunate enough to reach the river at the very onslaught escaped with their lives, and even a large portion of those perished. Some who reached the banks in time to have saved themselves had they immediately plunged into the water, thought to escape by crossing the bridge

to the opposite side. The bridge was in flames almost as soon as the dwellings, and as the crowd of crazed human beings attempted to surge across it the planking gave way and dropped them all into the river below, showering a volley of burning timbers upon them. Some seventy people, mostly women and children, took refuge in the largo brick quarters of the Peshtigo Company. They were all cremated as thoroughly as if treated by the most modern method known to the art. It is estimated that about three hundred succeeded in reaching the river, wedging themselves in between the logs of the timber boom that occupied the stream. The situation of even the most fortunate was terrible beyond conception. The water in which their bodies were immersed was bitterly cold, wh.le a maelstrom of scorching wind, burning fagots and bursting bricks beat down upon tho surface of the stream. The logs of tho boom of course ignited, and many of those who clung to them were compelled to release their grasp and sink for the last time—too much exhausted to secure another float. The terrors of the situation were greatly increased by tho fact that the cattle and horses in the place instinctively rushed into the water, dislodging scores of helpless people from their floats, crowding and trampling them down into the current. One family, it is said, made no attempt to escape to the r.ver, but quietly awaited death in their own home, fully believing that the iudgment day was at hand. Others, in whom the commercial spirit was strong even in the midst of such a holocaust, attempted to carry bundles of goods to the ter and were afterwards found, where they had fallen upon their faces with their packs upon their backs. Many plunged into wells, where they were roasted, like barbecued beeves, after the water in the wells had passed off into steam. Tho saddest incidents of that awful hour were the births and suicides, beverai women, under the terror of the moment, were called upon to endure the added agonies of childbirth, while suicides were numerous. One father quickly cut the throats of his three children and then took his own life. At least eight hundred people perished in Peshtigo, and three hundred in the Peshtigo sugar-bush district, a community of about, eight hundred inhabitants. The surfaces of the streams wore spotted with dead fish, while their beds were heaicd with the remains of deer, cattle,

horses, and men. Near oye stream was found a mother with her two children in her arms. One sugar-bush family, consisting of father, mother, and son, escaped by descending into their well aud each dashing water upon the others. At

SCENE AT THE PESHTIGO BRIDGE.

Williamson’s Mill, a little sett'eraent of eighty inhabitants, the “barn boss,’’from an eminence saw tho fire-cloud coming, descended and tried to induco others to fleo with him to tho hardwood grove near By. They refused, and he mounted his horse and dashed through the oncoming flood of flame and reached tho hardwood timber in safety, while fifty-seven out of eighty of those behind perished. Forty-five charred bodies were found in the center of a large potato patch. Mrs. Williamson saved herself and son by tho use of

wet blankets. When she removed the wet covering from her face she found tho burned head of a dead woman resting on the edge of her blanket. One mother, with her fingers, scooped a

TAKING REFUGE IN THE FACTORY.

small trench in the earth and placed her little child in it and then laid down above it, to shield the child with her own body. Both perished. A l ough backwoodsman attempted to carry a sick friend to a stream, they died together. In less than five hours the fire swept a tract of country along Green Bay, forty miles In length and ten in breadth, causing a total direct loss of $5,000,000. The incidents of Feshtigo and Williamson's Mills were duplicated in scores of hamlets of Michigan av'i other portions of Wisconsin, and are most vividly brought to recollection by tho widespread and disastrous fires of 1891, in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wiscons n am? Minnesota.

Many consider the idea that a man can feel pain in an amputated limb as a superstitious absurdity, says Dr. William "Waldo in the St. Louis' GlobeDemocrat, but this opinion is a mistake. All the sensations that an injury to a foot would occasion, for instance, may be felt by one whose foot is amputated. There is a good physiological reason for this in the fact that many of the nerves that furnish communication between the brain are not injured in their activity by the amputation of their lower portion, and convey sensations as readily as ever. The brain fails to recognize the fact that the function of the nerves has changed, and that the part in wjiich it formerly terminated exists no longer. Therefore, when a sensation is felt conveyed by a nerve that in the unmaimed body led to the foot, the feeling is the same as if the foot was still in place. If certain nerves in an amputated leg be touched, the feeling is exactly the same as if the foot was touched, and the sensation of pain is felt, not where it is applied, mit where the mind has been in the habit of receiving communications from the nerve in question.

Gathering chewing gum near St. John. N. 8., at the present time is considered even more profitable than anything else farmers’ sons can turn their hands to. The demand i 3 large and a high figure is assured. When it is known that last year one druggist alone sold 200 pounds of spruce gum a fair idea of consumption and demand may be had. For a really choice article, the price to the picker is 75 cents per pound.

SAW THE FIRE CROUD COMING.

Feeling In an Amputated Foot.

Money In Cnewing Gum.

FOR A FOREIGN MARKET

VIEWS OF A LARCE EXPORTING MERCHANT. American Resources anil American Com* merce Beady to Contest the Foreign Market—Protection an Obs ruction—Kxport Trafe Hurt by the Tariff. Mr. Ulysses D. Eddy, a member of one of tisi) largest exporting firms of New Yojk City, shows in The Forum that tho prophecy of Richard Cobdon, tho merchant statesman of England, is about to be fulfilled. Cobden warned his countrymen more than fifty years ago that a nation was growing up on the North American continent which, through tho unequaled natural resources of its land and the intense energy of its people, would supplant England in tho primacy of the world’s commerce. Cur exports of manufactured products are as yet far behind those of England. Last year our total exports amounted to nearly 900,000,000, of which only somewhat over 150,000,000 were manufactures. On tho other hand, the exports of Great Bi’itaili amounted to more than 1,500,000,000, of which more than 1,000,000,000 were manufactured goods, the product of British factories. There are signs, however, that our country is awakoning to the fact that there are possibilities of an enormous commerce with the 1,300,000,000 outride of their own boundaries. Americans are turning their attention to tho markets of these vast populations, more than 1,000,000 of whom are not actively engaged in manufacturing.. There are signs that wo are about to enter upon a friendly warfare for tho possession of those vast markets, and there are elements of strength in the American character that will make victory probable. The vividly energetic character of the people, educated in activity by a commerce unohstrudod over a continental area, gives promise of a momentum hard to resist. Tho American celerity of thought and tendency to prompt anion, tho spontaneous ingenuity in adapting means to ends, in seizing every nejy discovery and elaborating it for the uses of man with bewildering swiftness, all make lor continuous and rapid progress The present great development of our commerce and its extension in foreign countries are not looked upon by Mr. Eddy as the outcome of protection. On the contrary, in stating tho disadvantages under which wo have hitherto labored, he says: “F'or many years wo have not. only failed to tight for foreign trade, but wo have defended ourselves behind tariff fortifications against tho attacks of other nations. ’’ This view of a shrewd, practical merchant, who has minutely studied tho markets of tho entire world aud has sold goods in them for years, effectually disposes of tho absurd protension of Senator Aldrich that protection promotes foreign trade. Mr. Eddy indorses reciprocity, but only as a temporary step; “in beginning tho campaign for the world's trade, we first throw up outworks around neutral markets in tho shape of reciprocity treaties. ” There will como/however, a great advance upon the timid policy of reciprocity. “After operating for a time in tho shelter of the reciprocity breastworks, our people may discover that these breastworks hamper rathor than help them in a further advance. They will learn how much the enemy fears them, and, gathering courage, will move out into the open field of tho neutral markets. The struggle there will be a severo one, but it is difficult to see how, with our resources, we cun fail of ultimate success. ” There are great and promis'ng markets awaiting ns in foreign countries, if we will but cast off our tariff shackles. “ Tho now commonwealth of Australia, tho greatest consuming nation in tho world in proportion to population, Ims always preferred quality to cheapness, and is ono of our best customers. Whenever our people are ready to admit her wool duty free, we can rest assured that she will grant a generous trade equivalent. British Mouth Africa has long bought many goods from tho United States, but asks free entry for her wool boforo she will grant us favors. Her ports are tho gateways to tho great African gold fields and diamond mines. Her railways are pushing for the heart of Africa, and already reach long distances from the coast. ” Such are the views of a man who is selling American manufactures all over the world, who knows the wants of those markets, and what Americans can sell In them. Hon. William J. Coombs, M. C., who is the head of the great exporting firm of which Mr. Eddy is a member, has pointed out how our exporting trade is crippled by the tariff in making it difficult for ships which take away our manufactures and farm products to get return cargoes in foreign lands. In an address before the New York Reform Giub, of which he is a eading member, Mr. Coombs said, nearly two years ago: “In order to run ships, either sail or steam, at a profit, there are two things that are certainly necessary, viz., outward cargoes and return cargoes. * * The owner of a vessel who charters it for a voyage to Buonos Ayres ortho Capo colonies does so with no expectation of getting a return cargo to this port, but calculates upon taking ono from thero to Europe. If ho wishes to return to this couritry ho must, except under unusual circumstances, come back in ballast. His rate of charter is fixed upon tills basis. * * Our houso has repeatedly within tho present year chartered vessels in foreign ports to como to this country in ballast in order to take away merchandise for which wo had orders. At tho present moment wo have six such charters pending. This not only Involves long delays but enormously increases cost, and for both reasons puts us at a great disadvantage in comparison with our European rivals. ”

Who Gets Prote [?]tion’s Plums?

Robert P. Porter, our Superintendent of the Census, who ought to have some knowledgo of statistics, has assured tho farmers that they got more benefit from protection than any other class. How any man could make such a statement in view of tho enormous fortunes accumlatcd in protected industr es, cannot bo explained except upon tho the theory of willful and wanton purpose to deceive. Farmers themselves know very well that they have not been made prosperous by protection. National Lecturer Willitts, who was the Alliance candidate for Governor of Kansas last year, has recently shown that ho Is under no delusion as to the condition of the farming class. Ho cites the following figures to show hOw the farmers have faPen behind In tho struggle for existence: *Our last census shows that the farm

mortgaged Indebtedness of /Tansa9 Is 5199,0<W,000, and of Michigan 5130,000,000. To pay the interest on the mortgaged indebtedness In the wheat-grow-ing State of Michigan requires 450,534 bushels more wheat than tho State produces. lowa lias 5199,000,000 mortgaged indebtedness—a sum equal to 5101 for every man, woman and child in tho State. “In the last year tho farmers in Kansas havo lost their homes at tne rate of 5 0 per week, ami all tho dosirablo public land is now in tho hands of railroads or of aliens. “In 1850 tho farmers owned 70 per cent of tho wealth of this tonntrv; In 1860 they owned 50 per cent.; in 1880 they ownod 33 per cent: in 1890 they own less than 25 per cent."

How Many Are Protected?

In 1886 the Secretary of the Treasury, tho late Daniel Manning, in preparing his aunual report applied to three of tho most skillful and expert statisticians in tho Government service for an estimato of the number of people in the United States engaged in gainful occupations, grouping separately those subject to foreign com- 1 petition and those who are not. These throe specialists were "Worthington C. Ford, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics of tho State Department; E.’ B. Elliott, United States Government Actuary; and Prof. Simon Newcomb, Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac, published by tho Navy Department. The result of their calculations, separately conducted, was that tho numbor of per-ons in any way subject to foreign competition, wero statod as follows, with their percentage to the entire number engaged in gainful occupations: l*er Number. Cont. By Ford 827,184 4.70 By EUlott 825,0 XJ 4.75 By Newcomb ~9j5,00.) 6 20 Averages 8.V2.M00 UfS The percentages given arc, each based upon a slightly different estimate of the the total number of workers. Stating the result in tho rough, then, wo may say that about 850,001 of our people are directly interested in protection, and thiit 95 per cent., or nineteen out of twenty, have no interest whatovor in it. Whenever tho protectionists try, therefore, to persuade those ninetoon men that they will be ruined, unless they tax themselves for the benefit of tho twentieth man, thoy a o guilty of an absurdity which ought to move an owl to mirth. These figures, givon forth with the authority of the men best fitted to speak on tho subject, should give the farmer some light on tho venerable “homo market th ory." If nineteen farmers wero asked by some twentieth man to tax themselves for his good, and he in return would buy all his corn, Hour, vegetables and moat from thorn, they would laugh him out of tho country. They won d say at once that a one-man-power hoipo market was far too small to bo of any valuo to nineteen thrifty farmers, and certainly such a maiketwas not worth taxing themselves so would even give It upontiiely rather than tax tliolnselves.

Yet it Is on precisely such a flimsy basis as this that tho protectionist! rest tholr easo. They asfi: the nineteen ,to pay higher prices for what the one makos, and then ho will loturn the favor by buying from them—but of course,at current market rates.

A New-Fangled Protection Theory.

The protectionists profess to hate theories and theorists, but they are now so bud y rattled that they have bocoine groat theorists themselves, and some'of their new theories are amusing enough. One of their latest is that wo must put a high tiirilf on foreign goods, not In order to keep thoso goods out of the country, but in order that wo may liny all the more of them. Senator Aldrich put forth this theory at the great protection banquet in New York, and already the high tariff organs aro taking to it as a restful variation upon the old familiar theory of keeping up a high tarfff la order to shut out foreign goods. The Boston Unitt and shoe Recorder has so much confidence in the now theory that it ovpn ventures to apply it to Mexico. as follows: “Wo know from our own oxperionce that just in proportion as our industries develop wo have the means for buying more foreign goods, and wo find that our imports aro greater per capiti after thirty years protection than they were previous to 18(51 with a low tariff. The tamo will be true of Mexico. They have a tariff that is excessively high on many articles, but it is operating to develop industries there, and in addition to this is the steadily growing demand from this country for the tropical products which Mexico has in such abundance. The Moxican people must therefore gain rapidly in wealth, and their imports from otuer countries will increase in proportion. ” This means that Mexico must keep up a high tariff in order to become rich enough to buy our goods, and yet the Recorder wants reciprocity with that country—i. e., wants Mexico to lower its duties on our goods, in order that wo may sell more there. What a baso jewel of inconsistency! Against this new-fangled theory the great and only McKinley himself must bo quoted. In his speech introducing his high tariff bill he said: “Thero is not a member of the Committee of Ways and Means, thero 13 not a member of the minority of that committee, there is not a member of the House on either side, who does not know that the very instant that you have increased the duties to a fair protective point, putting them above the highest revenue point, that very instant you diminish importations, and to that extent diminish the revonuo. Nobody can well dispute this proposition ” Certainly not; you are right for once!

The Price of Beef.

Some extremely silly McKlnievites have pretondod to see in the increased price of beef another of the many “benefidencies" of the McKinley tariff law. But men who seek for facts rather than political illusions know that the poor yield of fool crops last year is tho cause of the b gher price. A confirmation of this luet is pointed out by tho Rural XewYarkcr as fol.ows: “A good illustration of tho shortago of cattle foods in the country is given in the prices paid for by tho prodnets of rice manufacturing. A year ago rice polish sold at sl2 to! #l4 per ton with rice-bran at #7 to ?8. Tho polish now soils at ?22 and the tran at sl7 in the New Orleans market.” Farmers who bougiit corn last winter to feed their cattle will not be deceived by tiffs “I-to : d you-so” of the protectionists. when they say tho McKinley law has raised the price of beef. By tho way, the McKinley law was

efr 1 not going to rfclso tho prfc»>, w» a,™ i or' a slnglo necessary of lifo. And by the I way again, tho McKinloyltes always tell i tho farmer that tho high duties on manui faeturod products always lower prices, ! and thus help tho farmer, then they I fai o about and t 'll iiim that tho higher j dutios on farm products raise the prices : of theso and thus help the farmer again. | When tho MeKin.oyitos aro guilty of 1 such absurdities, blowing hot and cold : with tho same breath, need thoy wonder 1 that tho farmer is losing faith in their sincerity, and is coming more and more j to look upon protection as, tho cheap ' humbug that it is? ff protection reduces tho prico of nails and axes, the farmer cannot bo brought to boliavq that it raises tho prico of beef and corn.

TIN PLATE PROMISES.

THE INFANT INDUSTRY OF THE M’KINLEYITES. * —; —- Brilliant Promises find How They Have Been Kept—Pour lln Pluto Mill* -What the Tin Pinto Tax WIU lost—Plguro* and Part* to Consider. The large and brilliant promises of the McKinloyltes last year as to the rapid development of our infant tinplate industry have not l ean realized. What those promises were may bo teen by tho following extract from tho speech of Congressman Bunting, a promine. 't winner of New York State, at tho roeunJ mooting of the National Canned Goods Packers* Association at C icago. In speaking of the cannors* hearing before McKinley's committee iu March, 1890, Mr. Bunting said: “Our unanswerable arguments wore offset by tho most flattering predictions ana promises concerning the future of domostlo tin plate. Tho Chairman of tho committee |Mr. McKinley| ventured tho assertion lhat before the law wont into effect, July 1, 1891, American tin plate could be bought cheaper than the foreign plate was then selling, and that in tho interim the consumers of plato could buy the foreign article as choaply as over. Mr. J Jay no, a member of tho committoe, professed himself entirely willing to take orders for future delivery on that basis. Mr. Payne lost his temper in an effort to show that within thirty days after the passage of the bill, forty factories on a basis of millions each In capitalization would bo undermining the Welshman at ills favorite pursuit of making tin plate. Tho prodict'on of Senator Allison that thirty reputable firms ongaged in tho iron industry would within thirty days put up tinning stacks and manufacture tip plato was flung at us for our composure.” Now, how have these line promises boon kept? The MeUil Worker, a prominent trade journal, entirely In sympathy with the effort to build up the Infant tin-plate industry by the high McKinley duty, has just collected all tho Information avallublo as to the new tin-plate works; and all it can find, which are actually engaged In making plates, are just four, with.four others in course of oroetion. Of one of the most pretentious concerns now making tin-plates—-that of Norton Brothers, in Chicago,— the Metal Worker says: “it will take considerable time for them to develop their tin-plate plant to a sufficient oxtont to meet their own requirements." Jt Is learned from a different source that another of the four mills, ox-Con-gressman Niedringhaus’ ht. Louis Stamping •Company, does not offer any plates for sale, tho entire output being used by Niedrin? I* us in his own establishment and in sending specimens around to Republican banquets and conventions and to the offices of high tariff newspapers. Meantime, what is all this tin plate no’so costing the country? Our ontlre imports last year wero 074,000,009 pounds, valued at 920,746,000, or 3 1-10 cents per pound, and paying a duty of 56,740,000. Tho McKinley duty on the same quantity next year will amount to 514,822,00 ). But our imports this year will bo considerably abovo 800,000,000 pounds, and tho McKinloy duty on an equal ouantity imported after July 1, will amount to 517,600,000. A high tariff paper, the Boston Comm ratal Bulletin, calculates that It will' require 280 mills, with a capital of from 54,500,000 to 55,000,000, to make all our tin plates.. The consumers are therefore to bo compelled to tax themselves 517,0)0,000 a yeur In order that a few capitalists may iind a place to invest 53,000,000. Are wo not gain? to pay too much for our tin whistle?

Don't Want Our Eggs.

The protection comedy Is becoming highly amusing. Last year McKinley put a duty of 5 cents a dozen on eggs—a duty aimed mainly at the pauper-laid eggs of Cnnada; and now it is announced that Canadian farmers want a duty on American eggs. During tho fiscal year ending Juno 30, 18U(', Canada imported 659,051 dozen of eggs, valued at #91,773. Of those oggs tho United Statos supplied 625,166 dozen, valued at ji89,444. It would add greatly to the mirth of the melancholy to get the Canadian Armers to give their reasons for wanting a duty on onr eggs, get similar ‘reasons’ from McKinley for his 5-cent duty on Canada's eggs, and then print these side by sido.

Getting Neptune Down Fine.

An apparatus for measuring tho mean level of the sea lias lately been invented at Marseilles. It is based oa the principle that when a liquid wave traverses a capillary tube or a porous partition its amplitude diminishes, and it is retarded In its phases without the mean level of the wave changing. Itconsists of a glass tube, the lower end of which communicates by a flexible pipe with a plunger which is lowered beneath the lowest water level. There are two cells in the plunger, the lower being filled with sand and open to the sea, the result being that the column of water in tho tube rises and falls very little with the tides, and the mean sea can be read from a graduated scale.

A Pennsylvania farmer tells In the RinalNew Yorker his experience of higher prices under the McKinley law. He gives tho following case: “Before the McKinley bill was a law, I had some spouting put up at eight cents per foot, complete. Now, under the McKinley protection I had a similar job done, aud was compelled to pay ten cents per foot, besides the wages of an extra hand. This shows plainly that for every cent of tariff the manufacturer adds ten cents for profits, and the laborer gets nothing." If it be true that protection lowers prices, why do tho manufacturers always shout so lustily for “more?” i Men like to be coaxed, and women i know how to coax. What profiteth a . woman to scold.