Democratic Sentinel, Volume 15, Number 11, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 3 April 1891 — Page 5

HOME AND THE FARM.

A DEPARTMENT MADE UP FOR OUR RURAL FRIENDS. Some New Appliances for the Fanner — Well Selected Suggestions for the Housewife. the Stockman, the Dairyman, the Poulterer, and the Horticulturist—Notes. THE FARM. Second Crops.

oats have been harvested, and in this way a very fair amount of feed besecured. It is quite an item in doing this to have the soil reasonably rich, and then, if from any cause there is a prospect of a short supply of feed, an increased supply can be secured, while to a very considerable extent these are quick-growing crcps, and the soil ought to be reasonably rich to maintain this growth. With the soil thoroughly prepared in a good condition and reasonably rich, a quick germination and a good start to grqw can be secured. Any of these three can, with anything like fair conditions, be made to yield a large amount of feed. This is especially the case with sweet corn and turnips. Buckwheat makes an excellent feed, but usually does not yield an extra large crop. All can be grown without cultivating. The corn ought to be sown in drills while the turnips and buckwheat can be sown broadcast and covered by harrowing thoroughly. In a very dry season such a plan would not be feasible. There should at least bo sufficient moisture in the soil to induce a good germination of the seed and a chance to grow. After the plants get started, growing sufficiently to shade the soil thoroughly, they will usually be able to make a fair growth even if the weather continues dry. not as good of course as would be made if the weather was more favorable, but sometimes sufficient to add considerably to the suppy of feed if the supply should be scant, as it is sometimes. If this plan is attempted preparation should be made to do this work as soon as possible after the crops are harvested and stacked. Turnips can be deferred the latest of all, as it is possible to secure a very fair crop of turnips sown even as late as the 10th of August. Of course with any crop attempted to be grown at this time it cannot be considered as certain as those planted in the spring or fall. — Journal of Agriculture. Wooden Well-Curbing. In sections of the country where stones or brick cannot be obtained the wells are curbed up with boards or timber, and this is an important operation where wells are sunk through sand or friable soil liable to cave in. Herewith is illustrated a method of curbing as fast as the well is deepened. It not only serves as the permanent wall but prevents trouble and accidents from caving in while the

WOODEN WELD CURB.

laborers are at work making the well. Having decided on the diameter of the well, cut boards of uniform length (usually about four feet,) cutting or notching in each end as shown in the engraving, Dig the well square, placing in the boards upon all four sides; as it is deepened two short strips are nailed over each crack to hold the boards in place. After water is reached, or at any time, corner pieces are firmly nailed at each angle to hold the whole firmly and solid, when the short strips may be removed. It is also well to make a ladder, by simply nailing to one of the corner pieces strips one foot apart They will be one inch from the curb and make a firm and secure hold for both hands and feet in making the ascent and descent.—American Agriculturist. A Convenient Halter. The small conveniences about the farm make work’much more agreeable. "sreover, a little laborsaved in each one

adjjjstable halter, and fore to p are constantly becoming entangled when this headgear is being arranged. To remove the one illustrated, it is only necessary to unbuckle the strap, when the ■whole falls to the floor. Again, it is specially convenient to carry upon the road, since it can be adjusted over the bridle by lengthening the strap when buckling. When a halter is used in this way the rope should be passed through the bit-ring, giving much greater control over a horse if he should become frightened while standing at the hitching-post. The snap and rings are a convenient arrangement for lengthening or shortening the ! amount of rope.— American Agrtculturist.

THE STOCK-KANCH. Cattln Brefdlnc. Mr. W. D. Rutherford, a successful breeder of Jersey cattle, spoke in substance as below, at a meeting of the Farmers’ Institute, in Canton, N. Y.: It is the live stock that keeps up the fertility of our farms, and upon thequality of the stock depends the margin of

THERE arc three crops that can be grown as second crops. We might make a fourth by sowing millet, but \ usually this would \ be an uncertain \ crop as it does not ji®il make a good start Ito grow if the / weather is too hot and dry, and this is an important item with this crop. But some corn for fodder, ■k buckwheat, and Sr turnips can very oft’nbesownafter J a crop of wheat or

of the hundred bits of work that come up in the course of a day makes a large amount in the aggregate. The halter shown in the illustration is much more readily adjusted, since in 'the old-fashioned halter the mane

profit and loss. Every farmer should have a purpose and a system in breeding; yet careless and aimless breeding is the rule with too many farmers. Test your cows and weed out all below the profit line. If you are breeding for butter, use a bull from an extFa butter cow of a butter breed. Avoid in-breeding; it tends to delicacy and enfeebled constitution, while by using a bull from another family, possessing the butter qualities in the same degree, you retain the butter tendency and increase the capacity by adding vigor to the offspring. In selecting breeding stock see that the dam is individually good; that the sire has an unbroken pedigree and is of good strain, and especially that he has a good dam. It is an old saying that “the bull is half the herd.” In my own experience I find the influence of the dam on the offspring to be greater than that ot the sire. You often hear it said that “like begets like.” As a rule this is true; yet it is on the deviation from this rule that our hopes depend. Some of the offspring will be better than their progenitors; others not so good. Breed only from the best. If you breed from a good dam, and a sire whose dam is good, you have a strong point in breeding. Do net make the mistake of trying to breed for the greatest yield of milk butter, cheese and beef in the same animal. Breed for a purpose. There is no such thing as a general purpose cow, horse or hen. The cow that produces 900 lb of butter in a year makes a very modest showing in milk, and the horse that can trot a mile in 2.10 would make a very poor showing at the plow. Mr. Rutherford gave an instance where a neighbor!ug farmer, by breeding to good Jersey bulls for fifteen years, had increased the butter product of his dairy over one hundred pounds per cow, and received last year 8375 more for butter from seventeen cows and heifers than his neighbor did from twenty-nine common cows. THE DAIRY. Cleanliness in tbo Dairy. The following suggestions are taken from an article in the Swedish dairy paper, Nor disk Mejerl-Tidning, translated for and published in the Country Gentleman: Careful cleanliness in milking is of the greatest importance, and ought to be promoted by all means. If there is not received a clean, fresh, and good-tasting milk the product cannot be sold at a satisfactory price. The public has so long been accustomed to fine butter and cheese, and to pay for these such a price, that this should constitute an inducement to production of the best goods, even to the observance of the smallest details.

To secure pure milk it is necessary to furnish a dry bed, good care and fresh air in the stable. On the dressing and attention of milch cattle depend in a high degree their product; With care as to a clean and dry stall, the cows ought also to be refreshed daily by combing and brushing. All visible dirt ought quickly to be removed, and the cow’s whole body should be clean and glistening. Washing in general, particularly of the udder, is not to be recommended, considering a complete washing must be undertaken with the greatest prudence, and one so difficult should always be thoroughly performed. A badly performed washing is rather a damage than a benefit. When the udder or teats are very dirty, and affected with sores, washing can be recommended, and ought to be done with lukewarm water and some soap. Care should be observed that the washed parts are afterward well dried, and that the animal is not exposed to a draft. In ordinary cases the udder can be most easily kept clean with a soft brush, or by rubbing with a straw brush. Fresh air is secured in the stable by means of an air shaft, as well as by opening the windows and ventilators in the walk. Avoid, however, exposing the animals to any strong draft. The windows in most stables lie so low that the animals are directly exposed to such a draft. Under snch circumstances prudence is required in airing the stable. Hair-cloth windows are recommended, through' which fresh air, without any particular draft, can be secured through the warmer months. It is a great influence on a regular and good product to keep an even temperature in the stable. This should be kept between 54 degrees and 59 degrees F. A constant changing in temperature results in a diminished product from the animals. If it is too cold, then too much feed is required to furnish the animal heat; if too warm, the respiration is too great—in both cases at the cost of the product. So far as possible ought the temperature in the stable to be regulated by a theremometer and constantly kept there. The arrangement of the stable ought to be such that the animals are not crowded. There should be no stall partitions; without these the animals secure so much more freedom, and have some liberty when they lie down. By this means they may, as far as possible, avoid lying in the dirt. At milking the following points be observed: 1. All milk vessels, which are best made of tinned iron, must be constantly kept carefully clean. 2. The milking should be performed in a neat dress and with clean hands, for which latter object a pail with warm water and a towel ought to be kept convenient. 3 Before commencing to milk, remove carefully all dirt from the udder and neighboring parts. If there is left any dirt on the teats it is incorporated so thoroughly in the milk during milking that neither strainer nor strainer-cloth can remove it from the milk. No matter to what extent the milk in this manner may be dirtied, the dirt is removed at the seperating and remains in the grease in the seperator. The grease remaining in the seperator being more or less black shows whether the milking has been performed in a more or less cleanly manner. Immediately after milking strain the milk through a fine cloth strainer. Pay attention that frequently during the process of milking the strainer becomes thoroughly washed. Should this not be done, the constant pouring of milk on the accumulated dirt reduces it to such a degree of fineness that no additional straining can remove it.

THE FOILTKI-I’AKD, Breed* and Incubator*. In the great range of climate and temperature in this country, we can find climatic conditions similar to those from whence certain breeds were imported, and where their peculiar excellence was developed either as meat or as ege-pro-ducers. We cannot expect the Leghorn, which comes from Italy, to lay as well In

Dakota as in the “Sunny South,” or its native clime. Langshans, which originally came from China, would naturally do better in a cold climate than at the South. In all breeds, their habits, amount of plumage, etc., must be carefully considered if one would have as good results from the bird as is claimed for it on its native heath. The past ten years have brought a marked change in the class of people who are raising purebred poultry. Men and women of thought and culture have engaged in it, and are bringing up the poultry interests of this country. Thanks to the many good poultry journals in circulation, farmers are becoming a thinking, reading and practically demonstrating class of people. The sitting hen is a “delusion and a snare.” She breaks all the eggs she possibly can, crushes the chicks when they are out of the shell, and her first gift to them is “vermin without number.” The care of several sitting hens at this season of the year means something, and if they foul the nests, which they so frequently do, they are simply loathsome, In these days, when simply constructed incubators of 100-egg capacity can be had so reasonably, it is a matter of economy, especially if purebred eggs are to be hatched. Letters come to us from all parts of the country with grevious complaints about the sitting hen, so she surely must go. Newly hatched chicks should not be allowed to wander a foot away from the source of heat. The first three or four days’ heat is quite as essential to them as food, and if they get a chill at any time, even if they survive it, you need never expect a healthy chick.—Form, Field and Stockman.

Cluck* and Cackle*. Broken oyster-shells and bone are both excellent food for hens. Dampness is invariably the open door to roup. Fill up all hollow places where filthy water accumulates after a rain. It is much easier to keep disease away than to put it away when once invited and received into the flock. Charcoal in some form and lime should always be kept convenient where the fowls can help themselves. ■ > Fat hens that do not lay will not produce many eggs after they reach such a condition. Fat is detrimental to egg production. Such hens should be marketed. THE VINEIARD. * Grape Growers* Maxims. Prepare the ground in fall; plant in spring. Give the vine plenty of manure, old and well decomposed, for fresh manure excites the growth, but does not manure it. > Luxuriant growth does not insure fruit. Dig deep and plow shallow. Young vines produce beautiful fruit, but old vines produce the richest. Prune in autumn to insure growth, but in spring to insure fruitfulness. Plant your vines before you put up your trellises. Vines, like old soldiers, should have good arms. Prune spurs to one developed bud, for the nearer the old wood the higher flavored the fruit Those who prune long must soon climb. Vine leaves love the sun; the fruit the shade. Every leaf has a bud at the base, and either a branch or a tendril opposite it. A tendril is an abortive fruit bunch — a bunch of fruit a productive tendril. THE HOUSEHOLD. Bedroom*. The care ot a bedroom is sometimes neglected because of the apparent simplicity of the work. The style in which it is usually accomplished is known to every one. The coverings are thrown back over the foot of the bed, permitting them to drag on the dusty floor, and the window is left open five or ten minutes, a length of time popularly considered quite sufficient to air the room. The bed-maker may possibly turn the mattress, but in seven cases out of ten the bedclothes are spread up without going through this form, and tucked in snugly at the sides and foot, to prevent the fresh air getting in or the stale air escaping. The right way of performing this work is not so difficult that one need shrink from it. The covering should first be stripped back over two chairs set at the foot of the bed. The mattress should then be doubled so that the air may get to all parts of it, and left so for from half an hour to an hour. In very severe winter weather the time my be lessened. Each piece of bedclothing should be well shaken before it is restored to its place, and the pillows beaten and patted into shape. The white spread, that should have been removed at bedtime the night before and neatly folded, is now fresh and smooth. If pillow shams are not used, the creased night slips may be exchanged for fresh day cases, and the former laid aside until the evening. The bed is not all that needs close care in the sleeping-room. The dusting is far more important than many people suspect. Accumulations of fluff and dust form a favorite nesting place for disease germs and unsavory smells. On this account many ornaments are not to be commended in a bed-chamber. The bits of drapery, the brackets, the gay Japanese fans, the photographs and the pieces of bric-a-brac that are admirable in other parts of the house are out of place here. Whatever furniture there is should be carefully wiped off each day with a soft cloth, and this shaken out of the window afterwards. The room should receive a thorough sweeping at least once a week, and at this time every article in it should be moved, and no nook nor corner left unbrushed. If there are curtains at the windows they should be well shaken, that no dust may linger in their folds. The receptacles for waste water should be washed out every day and scalded three times a week. In hot weather the scalding should take place every day, and the utensils sunned if possible. Wash-cloths .should be wrung out in boiling water every other day. Without this they soon become offensive. Shoes and other articles of apparel should not be left lying about the room to gather dust and look untidy. Soiled clothes should never be left in the sleepingroom. They contaminate the atmosphere. When all these precautions are closely followed there will be no trouble with the close, unpleasant odor that one finds often in even handsome and apparently well-kept bedrooms. Sucji malodors are not only disrgreeable, but positively unwholesome, especially for delicate persons and children. —Hint* to Ho»«ekeeper*. After washing a wooden bowl place ft where it will dry equally on all sides, away from the stove.

TRUSTS IN GLASSWARE.

MANUFACTURERS COMBINING INTO TRUSTS. They Want All the Profits ot McKinloyisni—Highly Protected Already, McKiuGave Them Still Higher Pro tec : iou - Profit* of the Buslne**. A dispatch from Findlay, Ohio, has recently appeared in the papers as follows: “The Western Flint Bottle Association, comprising thirty-seven factories, at a meeting last night decided to close their works on .lune 1 instead of July 1 as heretofore. This is for the purpose of maintaining prices and compelling jobbers to come to the manufacturers’ terms." This is one of the trusts in the glass business. Another is the trust of the manufacturers of table glassware, which was started only a month or two ago, and which is now completing its organization. The McKinley law made heavy increases in the duties on glassware; and now the trusts are making haste to get all they can out of the advantage that McKinley has given them. The increase in the tariff duties from 40 per cent, to 80 per cent., not to mention the imposition of duties upon packages, which would add nearly 25 percent, more, was entirely uncalled for, since the old duties were practically prohibitive. Nevertheless this scale of duties upon glassware was insisted upon in the conference committee by Mr. McKinley. What his purpose was, backed as he was by the manufacturers in Ohio and western Pennsylvania, could not be surmised at the time. It is now however perfectly plain. Nine of the largest manufacturers of tableware in Ohio and Pennsylvania have united and applied for a charter under which a table glassware trust has been formed. Their purpose is to control the output of glass and raise the price. This combination was born in Mr. McKinley's district, and the more active manufacturers concerned were among those who contributed large sums to carry on his campaign last fall. Abundantly able to control the markets here even.with'glassware upon the free list and to export large quantities besides, they are not content with their present profits but aim under the McKinley tariff to charge as much for their goods hero as they can force consumers to pay. relying upon the foreign market to take the surplus, at reduced rates. They have secured what they wanted and will not hesitate to carry out their plans. One of these companies declared dividends of 60 per cent, in 1883, 60 per cent, in 1884, and about the same since. Another has declared nearly the same amount in the same time, and its stock has advanced over 200 per Scent, since 1885. Another has doubled its capital out of its earnings for the past three years. When carefully managed these works make not less than 25 per cent, profit each year. These figures show how reckless the McKlnleyltes were in raising duties where there is absolutely no necessity for an increase. Some of the flint and lime-glass makers went before McKinley’s committee and pretended that they were being driven out of the home market by German competition. These men had much to say about the low wages of German labor. It is a specimen case, showing how a lot of smart manufacturers can pull the wool over the eyes of m committee of protectionists, ready and willing to be deceived, and eager to find an excuse for giving the highest kind of protective duties. The increase of these duties is rendered all the more inexcusable in view of the great and rapid development of the glassware industry under tho old duties. That growth is reflected in the following figures: 1880. 1890. No. of establishment* 91 144 No, of furnace* 162 225 No. of pot* 1,559 2,624 Great as this development is, it is not so great as it would have been if the glass industry had the benefit of free raw materials; for the tariff on these is a great burden on this highly protected industry itself. Of the raw materials used soda, potash and lead are imported to a greater or less extent. If soda is used in the form of soda ash it is very largely imported, since a little only is made here. But salt cake is. often used as a substitute for soda ash, and of this the greater part is of domestic production. Soda ash pays %of a cent per pound duty or 26 per cent., and salt cake $1.25 per ton or over 28 percent. These duties affect the manufacturer of lime glassware only. Potash is largely-imported and is free of duty. The chief raw material, with the exception of sand In quantity, and the costliest of all used In the manufacture of glass is lead. One-third of the total weight of lead glass is lead. Since lead in the form in which it is used in glass manufacture is worth to-day from 6J4 to 9 cents per pound, at wholesale, it will be seen that in every pound of glass made with it there are from 2 to 3 cents, worth of lead. The duty on pig lead from which red lead and litharge are made is 2 cents per pound or 72 per cent. On red lead and the duty is 3 cents per pound, or 66 per cent, and 85 percent, respectively. The smelting and refining of lead in the United States is in the hands of a “trust,” which manages to keep up the price here above the foreign price by nearly the whole amount of duty. Red lead and litharge are the form in which glass manufacturers use lead, and these products are made by the manufacturers of white lead. It happens that the same trust controlling the production and price of pig lead is also In control of the production of white lead, red lead, and litharge. The excuse which they offer for the high prices which they charge the glass manufacturers is the high price of pig lead, which, however, Is not the price they pay for it, but the price they charge their competitors.. Nothing shows more clearly the handicap that is placed upon the manufacturers of lead glass in competition with foreigners in the markets of the world by these high duties than the sworn declaration of Mr. Macbeth, a large manufacturer and exporter of lead glass, who appeared before the Ways and Means Committee of the House early this year. Mr. Macbeth declared that for materials which cost 840 in Germany he had to pay here 879.63, or nearly 100 per cent more; and that upon the materials used in making 1,800 gross of lead chimneys, or one week’s production, the enhanced cost on account of the tariff on the materials used was 8650. Why should manufacturers and consumers be taxed in this way to support the lead trust. This tax restricts production and consumption, and handicaps our manufacturers in the export trade in which there is a great demand for American glassware. Must our exoort trade In glassware follow that of paints?

The high duties on lead In connection with those upon linseed oil, both of which products are In the control of trusts, have killed our once flourishing trade with foreign countries in paints Shall they be allowed to do the same with the only foreign trade which we have in all our glass industries —the export of glasswares?

To Whitewash MeKinleyism.

It is said that the high protectionists of the United States Senate are not exactly pleased with the work ot Labor Commissioner Carroll D. Wright They do not deny his conscientious devotion to the truth, it Is said, but they think that some of his recent investigations have not taken just the best turn for the high tariff cause. It is doubtless the Commissioner’s recent publication of his investigations into the cost of producing iron and steel in the United States and in Europe that has given the protectionist magnates dissatisfaction. At any rate, just before the adjournment of Congress a resolution was passed by the Senate authorizing the Finance Committee to collect evidence as to the effect of the pew tariff law. In view of the violent attacks upon the McKinley law, they desire some figures gotten together by its friends with a view to showing that the effects of the law have been good, and that a high tariff deserves to be perpetuated as the support of our industrial system. In order to secure this evidence the Finance Committee is authorized to sit where and when it pleases, and ft is governed by no restrictions as to hearing both sides and permitting the cross examination of witnesses. The understanding is that there will not be so many hearings as there will be letters sent to the right persons to obtain facts bearing on the effect of the new tariff. Price lists will be sought and statements as to wages paid under the old tariff and the new, and as to the development of old plants and the establishment of new ones. The protectionist majority of this committee is partisan enough to warrant the belief that it will make a report in which MeKin'eyisin will be whitewashed and made to appear as a thing of beauty. But McKinloyism has been emphatically condemned by the people; and it is too late In the day to try to galvanize that eorspc into a semblance of life again.

Wanted a Rubber Trust.

Efforts to form trusts are reported very frequently since the day of McKinleyism began. A scheme has been on foot for some time to unite all the rubber boot and shoe establishments of the country into a combination to control prices and regulate output. The Boston Boot and Shoe Recorder says that “the recent financial troubles put an end to all negotiations for a time,” Then it goes on to say: “Now it is stated that still another movement of the same kind is on foot, that a prominent banking housft 1h New York City is interested in making the deal, and that the bank expects to realize a good sum in commissions through floating the stock of the proposed new combination. This movement will probably follow the course of the previous efforts in the same line. Some companies when approached are found anxious to sell, others will sell at a fair price, while still others name figures that stagger the would-be buyers. ” From the latter remark It appears that the rubber boot and shoe business must be very profitable. The ever generous McKinley, however, was not satlstlsd with the old duty of 25 per cent. Nobody apparently came to ask for an increase of duty, but as McKinley had contracted the habit of raising the tariff wall, up went the duty on rubber boots and shoes to 30 per cent, This was done without any evidence that domestic manufacturers are suffering from foreign competition. If there are any Imports of rubber boots or shoes at all the Treasury reports do not give them. And now the effort to form a rubber trust! When ft comes let McKinley bless it as one of the “beneficences” of his tariff law that he said the people might expect. ’

total Appropriations, $1,003,000,000.

The enormous extravagance of the last Congress in voting away the people's money in order to make tariff reduction impossible will almost certainly result in a large deficit next year, and Already there is talk about the necessity of devising new methods of raising revenues to me t the permanent appropriations saddled upon the country by the protectionists. The total appropriations made by the last Congress are calculated by Senator Allison and ex-Congressman Cannon to have been 8988,000,000; but in this sum they do not include the direct tax refund, wnich will amount to more than 815,000,000 additional. The total is thus more than 81,003,000,000, making an increase of over 8170.000,00) more than the appropriations of the previous Congress.

When the country is brought face to face with an empty treasury next year nobody will be rash enough to propose a further Increase of tariff duties. The people have already shown what they think of McKinleyism, and they will stand no more of it. In finding new ways of raising revenue an income tax graded according to wealth is already mentioned by some as most likely to m-'et with favor In the next Congress. When such a system of direct taxation has been introduced it will prove the entering wedge for the destruction of the protective system. Under this system the rich are not bearing their due share of taxation. When, therefore, the people have found that another system can be put into operation, will shift the burdens of taxation froni the poor to those who are better able to bear them, they will soon become eager t> give protection itself its death-blow. The equalizing of the burdens of taxation is the ctyingneedof the day, and the taxing of the many for the benefit of the few is the first great injustice which rnustgo.

Women Pay McKinley Prices.

A New York paper reports that women who go shopping there now are hearing much about the McKinley law. One woman related her experience in buying spring goods as follows: “I’ve heard about the McKinley law wherever I’ve been to-day. I went out to buy stuff for an ordinary every-day dress. Last year I got suitable goods for 81 a yard, and that is about what I have paid for the last three or four years, sometimes going as high as 81.25. I believe that it is only an inconsiderable percentage of New York women who buy more expensive materials for their every day street Costumes. “I could not to-day buy material for my dre.-s for less than 81.60 to 31.75 a yard. Material of similar value was easily obtainable last year at from 81 to 81.25 a yard. There is nothing desirable

In any of the stores in regular line* at the old prices. I had to take my choice between buying cheaper stuff than I have ever worr/before or paying from 50 to Award more than I have ever paid before. y “My shopping tour this morning has convinced me that Mr. McKinley and his friends have taken considerable purchasing power away from the few dollars that 1 have to spend on dress, and I shall never believe a Republican when he tells me that the tariff is not a tax.

The President on McKinleyism.

President Harrison has recently had a talk with the correspondent of the New York Tribune. He gave his views of thetariff agitation and the McKinley law thus: “Most decidedly, I think there should be no more agitation upon this subject until the McKinley bill has been fairly tried. It has been charged with numerous faults. There is no reason why its workings should be prejudiced by malevolent predictions. The bill has been already long enough in operation toindicate that much that was charged against it is untrue. A period should be permitted to pass long enough to test, fairly the character of the measures Then, if it can be shown by such fair and impartial trial that it has faults, letthem be eliminated, but until such period is passed, I should bo strongly against, any further agitation of the tariff question.” But the tariff agitation cannot. be stopped. The President can no more stop it than Mrs. Partington could sweep back the rising waves of the Atlantic Ocean. The President dilated upon one of the beauties of the McKinley law as follows: “Under this act the American merchant can get raw material, for the duty is not charged where such material is imported to bo manufactured into articles for exportation, and so the American merchant will be able to sell at the same point of advantage as the English merchant, with the additional advantage of free entry into ports whore treaties are made. ” But this Is a singular position for a protectionist President. The Republican party keep reiterating, with parrotlike simplicity, that the tariff is not a. tax;,yet this Republican President points out that the drawback on raw materials enables the American merchant “to soli at the same point df advantage as the English merchant.” A drawback is a refunded duty; but if “the foreigner pays the tax,” it is not necessary to refund the duty on raw materials to our* manufacturers in order to place them on the same footing as their English competitors. Is it not a strange piece of legislation, too, to give our manufacturers untaxod raw materials when, manufacturing for the foreign market,, and to exact ho.avy taxes upon materials to be used in making goods for the home, market? “The homo market is the best market in the world,” say the protectionists. At least it is long-suffering and slow to wrath.

Opposing Human Progress.

Protection, is getting a pernicious brood of ideas in this country which needs to be destroyed. The starting point of the protectionist heresy is in the proposition that the powers of theGovernment can be rightly used to protect manufacturers from competition. Whatever fives our manufacturers abigger job «nd bigger profits, it is held,, is good for the entire country. , This thing spreads. The laborers employed in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing at Washington made a curious though logical application of this protectionist principle during the recent, session of Congress. The laborers saw that if the steam plate printing presses in the bureau were removed, it would give them a bigger job and bigger profits. The power of the United States Government was Invoked to protect the pi intern, from the “ruinous competition” of steann machinery; and the protection Congress obediently voted a law removing the steam presses. As the result of this measure the spendthrift legislators found it necessary to increase the appropriation for the bureau by #IOO,OOO. Now that tho printers are protected from c«>mpetiti< m it is impossible to print revenue stamps, with the hand presses as fast as they ar*> ordered; and Secretary Foster has been, pleading with the men to permit the use. of twenty steam presses to catch up with the orders. The men, however, are Inexorable and will not yield one jot of their “protection.” Every outsider sees how absurd then whole business la On this principle the self-binder would have to bo driven from: every wheat field in order to make a. greater amount of labor for men with, the old grain cradle; and the threshing machine would have to go In order that meu might beat out the grain with flails. But these case*, absurd as they seem, are precisely parallel to the proposition. of the protectionists that we must manufacture everything at home in order to< make more employment for labor. They' do not see that the demand for machinery and the demand for untaxed foreign goods are at bottom one and tbo same thing. In both cases you want toproduce the greatest possible amount of goods with your labor, or get the most, for your money. Tne laborer who wishes to burn reaping machines or the one who setsasidosteam presses ar* no more unreasonablethan the McKlnleyltes who try to keep back the stream of foreign goods from coining into the country. The saving of labor, not its creatlori,, is the end and aim of human progress.

The Celluloid Trust.

There is no falling off in the making of trusts. The Celluloid Company, or trust, has recently bought out the facturers of lithoid and zylonite, and) consolidated them into a single trust.. All the celluloid collars and cuffs made in the country will pass through the hands of this trust. An office has been opened in New York to handle the entire product. The Celluloid Trust is well bolstered up by the tariff. On all manufactures of celluloid there is a duty of fifty cents a. pound and twenty-five per cent, equal to an ad valorem duty of forty-nine per ciyit. Trusts will continue to thrive, and will throttle competition so long as the ppople are foolish enough to vote them the. protection that makes monopoly possible.' The present tendency air.o ig all our industries is in the direction of trust* and> nine-tenths of these industrjps, it is’said,. are already controlled by trusts. A year ago the price of cod liver oil 1 in large wholesale lots was from 32 to 35 cents a gallon. The duty was then 25 per cent. McKinley changed thp duty to 15 cents a gallon, which is equal to an< ad valorem duty of 53 per cent, and; now the price of domestic cod liver oil is i 40 to 43 cents a gallon. It looks as if the tariff is a tax in this case.