Democratic Sentinel, Volume 14, Number 42, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 14 November 1890 — Page 6

CHICAGO IN THE LEAD.

NOW CONSTRUCTING A WONDERFUL LIGHTING PLANT. A History of Illumination—The Six Eras of Light: Wood, Lamps Candles, Gas, Kerosene, and Elec riclty—Tne Electric Light, the King of Them All—The Principle Upon Which It Is Constructed— How Coal Is Turned Into an Electric Current.

most Important of all good gifts, without which vegetable and animal life would never have had an existence. What light is wo can judge only from Its effects, its real essence remaining an impenetrable mystjerv. But this is likewise true of many other things, including life itself. Light is an incident of fire, and from the most remote ages the two have been principal among the concerns of mankind. Fire, and withit artificial light, was obtained by, the savage ancients from the effects of lightning, volcanic eruptions and spontaneous combustion. When observation and thought had developed something of the inventive talent inherent in man, he discovered that fire can be obtained as the result of friction, the principle upon which we still rely when “stricklng a match,” and had acquired the power of producing a light without the Intercession of the gods. The history of artificial illumination Is, in a certain sense, the history of the world’s progress. In the rudest times light was obtained by burning wood or other vegetable substances. After a time these gave place to oils, animal and vegetable. As light was regarded as the special gift of the divinities, lamps became early works of art, upon which great ingenuity, both as to shape and ornamentation, was expended; indeed, external form was more regarded than powers of illumination. Lamps, as devised by the ancient Hebrews, have continued in use down to our century and may still be encountered in the French portions of Canada. These are oval metallic vessels with a handle at one end and a beak at the other, through a hole in which, a wick conducts oil or grease from below, emitting a smoky light. It is difficult for us to conceive of an ago in which “tallow dips” were not employed for household illumination; indeed, it would seem that their use ought to have antedated the lamp. As a matter of fact candles are a comparatively modern invention, having been first introduced in the latter part of the thirteenth century. Originally they were made by the process of “dipping, ” with which most middle-aged country readers are familiar. Later they were cast in molds. Gapdies wore early made of wax, and latterly of sperm oil and the products of petroleum. Candles are spoken of in the English translation of the Bible; but the word should have been rendered “lamp.” Candles were a vast improvement over their immediate predecessor, the lamp, and mark the third era of Illumination. The fourth period dates from the invention of gas. The honor of this lies between Dr. Hales and the Rev. Jpnn Clayton, of 'VYakefiqld, England. In 1727 the former described a process of evolving illuminating gas from coal, while the latter accomplished it in 1739. The first

SAVAGE PRODUCING FIRE BY FRICTION OF WOOD.

practical application of gas was effected" tn 1792 by William Murdock, who used ft for lighting his workshop, at Redruth, In Cornwall. In 1802 it was introduced In Soho foundry, near Birmingham, and In 1813 London Bridge was lighted by the then mysterious fluid. About this time, Sir Walter Scott wrote from London: “There is a madman proposing tb •tight the town with—whatdo you think? —why with smoke.” The next year its use became general in London, and in 1822 it was introduced into the United States at Boston. Natural gas, now extensively employed in this country, has been used in China, from remote ages, being convoyed through bamboo pipes from salt mines from. l K ?00 to J,QOo,feet in depth. . The next era in the history of illumination begins with the invention and general introduction of kerosenei .oil. At first it ■was extracted from bituminous coal; tout, since the general discovery of petroleum, has been manufactured from it. Though not the equal of gas, kerosene has furnished farmers and the residents of villages and small towns with a better and cheaper light than was before known In the world, and has proved an almost inestimable blessing to mankind. Glass chimneys, by the aid of which kerosene Is burned without emitting smoke, were Invented as an adjunct of the a*£and lamp, by Airne Argand, in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Lights to warn vessels off rocky and Otherwise dangerous coasts have been

maintained from time immemorial. At first they wore fed by wood, and later by coal, the later being used on the coasts of Sweden and Norway as late as the year 1846. In 1760 wax candles were first used in light-houses, those made of tallow being afterward introduced. The argand burner was introduced into England in 1785, and, in connection with the parabolic re-

HILE darkness covered the face cf the earth God said, Let there be light. Ever since the issuance of the divine command, which marked the beginning lO f time, [at least so I far as this power is ■concerned, ,light has -been regarded a s the chiefes t and

flector, revolutionized light-houses. A parabolic reflector is a mirror which'follows the mathematical curve from which it takes its name. The light is placed as nearly as possible in the focus, and the rays of light, instead of being scattered by a plane reflector, are projected forward in nearly parallel lines. Locomotive headlight are made on this principle, which accounts for their power of

penetrating the darkness. In the United States the first light-houses were illuminated by tallow candles. Lard oil has long been the standard, though electric lights are now employed where a current can be obtained. This briiycs us to the sixth and last era

of illumination, upon which the world is just entering—the electric light. As to what electricity really is, we are as ignorant as we are of the nature of the nature of light. Wo speak of it as a “current,” but only as a matter of convenience, since, as a matter of fact, it may be something entirely different. To convey to the reader of limited scientific knowledge an intelligent idea of the electric light is a difficult but not hopeless task. When the terminal wires of a battery are brought together and then slightly separated, there results a bright light between them. To this light, by reason of its curved form, the name “electric arc” has been given. If the circuit is not immediately broken the ends of the wires become greatly heated and melt, dropping off in glowing globules. As they melt away the distance between them increases, and a point is reached at which the electro-motive force of the battery is no longer sufficient to maintain a icurrent across the intervening space. As tile heat thus generated is sufficient to fuse and even vaporize all known metals, the problem of rendering the electric light permanent and profitable became a most difficult one. Its solution was found in using points of carbon, which no heat can fuse but which can be vaporized. The bright arc is caused in part by the heated carbon vapor through which the current passes, and in part by the high .temperature of the carbon points themselves. .. Ast the points burn ah&y they are pushed forward |>y iineans of delicate' machinery, which comprises the most intricate part of an electric lamp, and a constant separating space is maintained. The carbon with

the positive <yitLo( the wire,bupus away, just twice jxs fast fts tlje ope at. the negative end. ‘if a bar of steel is magnetized by/rubbing it upon a natural magnet or loadstone one end becomes positive, attracting light objects and having a tendency to j oint to the north, the othef

THIS OLD JEWISH LAMP.

THE SIX ERAS OF ILLUMINATION.

GASLIGHT.

ELECTRIC LIGHT.

negative, repelling such objects and pointing toward the south. These are spoken of as the “poles” of the magnet. Similar poles repel each other and dissimilar poles attract each other. The carbon into which the current flows from the battery is positive and its companion negative. There have been almost no end of electric lamps invented and ano less number of machines for supplying the necessary electric current. None of these machines can readily be described in detail, but the principle of most of them may be briefly stated. If a tar of soft iron is subjected to a current of electricity it and remains while the current continues, a magnet In most machines, these electro-magnets,as they arc termed, are employed in place ot the natural magnets formerly used. These masses of soft iron, through which a current is kept passing while in use, are made in such shapes that a complete circuit is established by means of a revolving coil of wire located between their poles, which is called an armature. It Is to revolve this armature at a high rate of speed that the power for running the generator is requited. The attractive power of the magnet tends to hold the armature in one position, and great force is necessary to revolve it. As it turns, the current is momentarily made and broken, and the electricity so generated carried off by means of brushes which rub against the armature, thus supplying the current to maintain the lights in the circuit. The current which renders the masses of soft iron magnets is supplied from the revolving armature, and is in turn drawn from them, together with all that is used to maintain the lamps in the circuit Whence this electricity comes no one can say, but that it can be so generated with-

out limit thousands of practical machines constantly attest. Such ipachiuo’ amount, in practice, to the conversion of so much coal, used ti for generating steam into a current of electricity of a certain power. .Almost a been employed in developing this system, which is still far frpm perfect. Ir» 1810 Sir Humphrey DaVy, the inventor of the safety lamp, exhibited in Paris an elaborate light j>roduced by two poices of earbon ana a powerful galvanic battery, The system described Is called the arc system; strips of metal axe used in place of carbon, and are kept from melting on burning by inclosing them in glass globes from which the air has been removed, producing a vaccuum. This system is used principally in public and private oosidences, but is not. well adaptedifor rutdoor lighting. i -<-%»»•;- The city of Chicago is engaged in constructing gigantic system for llght'iflg its streets'by means of oiqetricity.- 1 The work has bb'en three yeai'S ‘ffi pbogerss, and tlje results of the most gratifying nature. Three power houses are already in operation, and others are fast nearing completion. About 8300,000 a year is being expended, and before the beginning of the Columbus Fair the thickly populated portions of the city, embracing about fifty square miles, will have been.reclaimed from the domain of the ‘jgas syndicate” and brilliantly illuminated by means of the subtle and mysterious electric current. The comparison

SAND-FLY SEASON.

between the twojmay. well be likened to the fight pfXthw stare and that t suppjied byjt&e iuoon ; when atythe fullj on 3a clear night.' Not only is'Chicago tlffi first large city in America to build an electric plant for itself, but it has solved the problem of placing conducting Mfifts under ground, thus avoiding alfi.thg numerous accidents ahd 'great lo&s or life which have rendered electric lighting a nuisance in New York. r The wires, 'Which'are of topper, are covered with paraffine, then with rubber, and, lastly, encased in lead pipes. The lead pipes are inclosed in others of iron, where only one line is laid-tn a street, and in large pnesof cement, with various separate passages, where a numbet are run uow'n a street to supply a distant district. About one horse-power is required for a lamp, which is of 2,000 candlepower, thirty-five being in u circuit. One lamp is placed at each street intersection, and one in the center of long blocks. In the sand-fly season the electric lamps attract the insects in vast numbers, to the intense annoyance of passers by and the amusement of onlookers. Second in nothing, the Garden City will soon, be the best and cheapest-lighted city in the world, optic-jdazzling Paris not being excepted. Dwight Baldwin. Chicago, 111. -.. IT is said that money can never give happiness. This is an experiment, however, that every man wishes to try for himself.

“WE ARE THE PEOPLE.”

THAT IS TO SAY, WE ARE $2,-480,54-0 OF THEM. Supt. Porter, of the Census Bureau, Bays That Is the Total Population of the United States—J«ot Quite aa Large as Was Expected—Porter’s Explanation ot the Falling Off—Growth of the Western States. [Washington dispatch.] Bulletin No. 12 on the population of the United States has been issued by the Census Office. It says: The population of the United States June 1, 1890. as shown by the first count of persons and families, exclusive of white 1 ersons in Indian Territory, Indians oh reservations, and Alaska, was 62,480,549. These figures may be slightly changed by. lator and more exact compilations, but such changes will not be material. In 1880 the population was 50,155,783. The absolute increase ot 'the populatMh In the ten years intervening was 12,324.757 and the percentage of increase wit5,,24,5(7; '.ln 1870 the population was stated as §8.558,371. According to these figures the aj solute increase in the decade detyrepn 1870 and JBBO was 11,597,412 ana thO percentage 6f Increase was 30.08. Upon their slice these figures show'that the population has increased bfitwetm iBBO and 1899 only 727,345 more than between 1870 and 1880, while the rate of ipcrease has apparently diminished from 30.08 Jo 24.57 per cent If these figures were derived from correct data, they' would be mdeed disappointing. Such a reduction in the rate of increase in the face Of the enormous immigration during the last ten years would argue a great diminution In the fecundity of the population or. a corresponding increase in its death, rate. These figures.are, however, easily explained when the, character of the data used is understood. It is Well known, the fact having been demonstrated by extensive and thorough investigation, that the census at 1870 watt grossly deficient in the Southern States, so iquch so as not only to, give aji exaggerated rate of increase of the population between 1870 and 1880 in these States but to affect very materially the rate of increase In the country at large. These omissions were not the fault nor were they within the control of the Census Office. The census of 1870 was taken under a law which the Superintendent, Gen. Francis A. Walker, characterized as “clumsy, antiquated, and barbarous.” The Census Office had no power over its enumerators save a barren protest, and its right was even questioned in some quarters. Some of Superintendent Porter’s comments on the conditions governing the spread of population are fateresting, particularly as regards the Western States. In Ohio, Indiana, lowa, and •Missouri, and in Illinois, if the city of Chicago be dropped from consideration, the rate of increase has declined decidedly. In Ohio it has fallen from 20 to 15 per cent.; in Indiana, from 18 to 11; in lowa, from 36 to 17; in Missouri, from 26 to 23 per cent., in spite of the rapid growth of St. Louis and Kansas City; and in Illinois, dropping Chicago from consideration, from 14.9 to 5.6 per cent. In these States the agricultural industry, which is still the prominent one, has begun to decline, owing to the sharp competition of Western farms. The farming population has migrated westward, and the growth of manufactures is not yet sufficiently rapid to repair these losses. The southern portions of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are under similar conditions, but the northern parts of these States, lying upon the frontier of settlement, have filled up with sufficient rapidity to repair either wholly or in part the losses of the southern parts. Michigan increased at the rate of 38 per ceiit, between 1870 and 1880, while between 1880 and 1890 the rate was but 28 per cent. The increase between 1880 and 1890 was cut into unequal parts by the State census taken in 1884. In the first four' years of the decade the increase was j 13.2 per cent., while in the last six it was 12.7 per cent. In Wisconsin the last decade shows an increase of 28 per cent., as against an increase of 25 per cent, in the decade between 1870 and 1880. The State census of Wisconsin, taken in 1885, cuts the decade into two equal parts, and shows an increase in the first half of 18.8 per cent., and during the second half of but 7.7 per cent. Minnesota [mcreased 78 per cent, between 1870 ana 1880 and 67 per cent, between 1880 and 1890, the numerical increase being over half a million in the last decade. The State census, taken in 1885, shows that the bulk of this increase occurred between 1889 and 1885. The numerical increase during the first years was 337,025, and the rate of increase 43 per cent., while during the last half of the decade the numerical increase was 182,219 and the rate es increase 16.3 per cent. , During the last ten years the population of Dakota, considering the two States of North Dakota and South Dakota together, has increased from 135,177 to 5y),273, or 277 percent.; Nebraska from 452,402 to 1,056,793, or 134 per cent.; and Kansas from 996,096t0 1,423,485. or 43 per cent. This increase has not, however, continued uniformly throughout the decade. In 1885 Dakota contained 415.610 inhabitants, or more than four-fifths of its present population. Nebraska contained 740,645 inhabitants in the same year, thus dividing the numerical increase quite equally between the two halves of the decade, but leaving the greater percentage in the first half. In the Same year Kansas by its State census had 1,268,530 inhabitants, showing that nearly two-thirds of the numerical gain was acquired during the first halt of the decade. The industries of these States are almost purely agricultural, and are dependent upon the supply oi moisture, either in the form of rain or by Irrigation. Through these States passes what is known as the subhumid belt, a strip of country several degrees in width, in which during rainy years there is an abundance of moisture for the needs of crops, while in the years when the rainfall is below the average the supply is deficient. In this region little provision has been made for artificial irrigation, the settlers having thus far been content to depend upon rainfall. Into this region the settlors flocked in large numbers in the early years of the decade, drawn thither by the fertility of the land and by the fact that for a few years the rainfall had been sufficient for the needs of agriculture. During the last two or three years, however, the conditions of rainfall have materially changed. It has fallen decidedly below the normal, and settlers have thereby been forced to emigrate. Thousands of faifiilies have abandoned this region and gone to Oklahoma and the Rocky Mountain region. This migration is well shown in the progress of Kansa-, as indicated by its annual censuses. These censuses show a rapid increase in population from 1880 up to 1887; 1888 shows but a slight increase over 1887, while 1889 shows a reduction in the population, leading up ,

to the further reduction shown by the Federal census in 1890. Throughout the South Atlantic and Southern Central States the rate of inctease has diminished, and in most of these States it has diminished materially/! A certain reduction tn the percentage of increase, especially in the eastern part of this region, was to be expected, due not only to the operation of general laws but also to the fact that there has been considerable emigration from the States east of the Mississippi River to the westward and but little immigration. Taken together, however, these two causes by no means account for the reduction in .the rate of increase in these States. The real cause is to be found, it is stated, in the imperfections of the census of 1870. These imperfections resulted in giving a comparatively low rate of increase between 1860 and 1870 and an exaggerated increase between 1870 and 1880. Arkansas has continued to grow at q, rapid rate, having increased 40 per cent, in the last ten years. Texas also has increased with great rapidity, the numerical increase of its population being 640,471, or over 40 per cent. In the far Western section the conditions of growth have been varied. In the earlier years of the decade the discovery of valuable silver and copper mines in the mountains of Montana in the neighborhood of Butte drew to that State a large Immigration, which is engaged not only in mining but in developing the rich agricultural resources. Wyoming has continued to grow with accelerated rapidity. The census of Colorado in 1880 was taken on the top wave of a mining excitement, which had filled its mountains with miners, prospectors, and speculators, increasing its population enormously, especially in the mountainous country. The census of the State taken in 1885 was, on a superficial view, surprising. It showed that most of the mining counties had lost population during the five years preceding. This loss was, however, more than made up by the growth of its cities and its agricultural counties. The census of 1890 shows still further reduction of population in the mining regions of the State and an extraordinary ,development of its urban population and its foating element. New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah show rates of incrca’e vWiich are small when the sparsely settled condition of these territories is considered; while Nevada shows an absolute diminution of population of 17,939, or nearly 29 per cent, leaving ft the smallest of all the States.

TERRIBLE CRASH AT SEA.

Nearly One Hundred Lives Lost in a Collision. An unknown schooner, apparently bound east, with a load of coal, ran down the Spanish steamship Vizcaya, outward bound from New York, and cut it half in two amidships. Within ten minutes both vessels had sunk in twelve fathoms of water, their masts showing above it. Of the ninety-seven persons on board the steamer nearly all went dswn with tlie hull. Some thirty clung to the railing, and a few of the schooner’s crew, with three of the crew of the steamer, found clinging space in the upper rigging of the latter. As the night advanced, the cold and consequent exhaustion claimed the weaker ones, and they dropped into the water one by one, and were drowned. Only twelve —four officers and eight seamen—were still in the rigging at daylight when the tramp steamer Humbolt re: cued the survivors by means of its boat: This terrible disaster occurred withii eight miles of the New Jersey coast at Barnegat. Sixteen passengers, a steamship crew of sixty-five, and a schooner crew of probably sixteen, the usual number—ninety-seven in all—certainly perished. Among the passengers who were losj was Signor Juan Pedro, a millionaire of Havana, who was the chief owner of the Compania Transatlantic Espanola, who was on his way home after a summer spent in Paris. He took this steamer because it was esteemed one of tlie finest and safest in the line. The surviving officers claim that the schooner had no lights out. She was fairly on top of the steamer before she was seen, though the night was clear. Capt. Cuniil was at hi® post of duty on the bridge, and was in stantly killed by the bowsprit of th schooner.

Thought to Be Sharp.

Whenever a woman loves, a man she bates a woman.— Atchison Globe. The ballet-girl doesn’t kick at what she is paid, but for what she is paid.— Boston Courier. “Be flirtuous and you will be happy,” as the young lady remarked to her friend. —Laurence American. There’s a tithe fop everything: Taking off your boots after' you get in bed indicates a high old time..—Binghamton Leader. Mbs. Stagger^—We are to have dear mother for dinner, fames'! Mr. Staggers—All right; see that she is thoroughly cooked,—Pick-. MeMrs. Fangle—Here's an account of an African rac.e of which the adults grow no taller than four feet. Fangle— You might almost call that a pony race. —Drake’s Magazine. Giles —How is it you didn’t send that borrowed money : you premised, when you knew that I was sick? Do Jinks— You see, I heard you Were likely to die. —Munsey’s Weekly. ■ No excuse can be offered for the Baltimore man who lias been arrested for hugging a minister’s wife. Even thei plea that he was merely embracing religion won’t go.—Philadelphia Press. In the restaurant: "Waiter, these eggs are very old and very unpleasant. Call the landlord.” “But I assure you, sir, you will find him very much more unpleasant. ’’—Fllcgende Bbietter. Mrs. Blossom (to her husband, who has come home with a black eye)— That's what you get for riding a bicvcle. Mr. Blossom (mournfully)—No, my dear; it’s what I get for not being able to ride one.— Epoch. Steel is said to corrode much more rapidly in salt water than iron. An English experimenter, Mr. David Phillips, having kept plates of boiler iron and of boiler steel, each five inches square and 4 of an inch thick, immersed in salt water from 1881 to 1888, the steels lost 120 per cent, more than the irons during the first three years, when the plates were in contact; 124 per cent, more in the second three years, when they were insulated; and 126 per cent, more for the whole period of seven years. : White pine boards are now made by reducing small trees and limbs to pulp and pressing in molds.

WORLD’S FAIR MAHERS

BIDS FOR IMPROVING THE LAKE FRONT REJECTED. None of Them Satisfied the Executive Committee Meeting of Lady Managers —Bow the Work Is Progressing—Miscellaneous Gossip. [Chicago dispatch.] Bids for filling and piling on the Lake Front were evidently not up to expectations. The Executive Committee of the World’s Fair opened the bids yesterday afternoon, discussed them, and passed them on to the Committee on Grounds and Buildings. Neither committee took any action in regard to them, and the whole subject was turned over to the Board of Directors, which will meet this afternoon. None of the members of either committee would express any opinion or give any information regarding them, even refusing to state the number of bids received. But one thing is sure, and that is that the answers to the advertisements for bids were not, as a whole, satisfactory, and that it is probable that new bids will be advertised for. “I cannot tell you anything about the bids,” said President Gage, yesterday. “Were any of them below the limit of 8700,000?” he was asked. “I am not able to give any information on the subject.” “It is hard to say where there are no footings to the bids,” said Director Waller. “It takes a long time to get the totals sometimes.” Even Press Secretary Murphy, who was present at the meeting of the Executive Committee, declined to say whether any of the bids wore within the limit. Three bids are known to have been made, but their figures have not been made public. One was from E. P. Reynolds & Co., of New York, who have done a good deal of work in New York harbor, and another was froth Fitz Simons & Connell of Chicago. Reynolds & Co. put in their bid through Thomas Byrne of Chicago, and it is said to be within the limit. “The fact of the matter is,” said a contractor, “that men hesitated to bid for several reasons. One was the excessive penalty for not having the work completed in time, and another was the lack of knowledge as to how much filling would be required. The depth of the lake is not accurately known where the piling and filling is to be done, and there was no time to take soundings. To be sure, that was done by the engineers of the directory, but it is expressly stipulated in the specifications that no one will be bound by these soundings. Consequently, if the soundings should be wrong, there might be a chance to lose a good deal of money. It might take more material and cause delay.” * The bidding by the acre also may have had something to do with the unsatisfactoriness of the bids. It made it hard to figure up totals. ‘ A number of contractors will probably be present at the meeting of the Board of Directors ■ this afternoon, and it is possible that the matter may be arranged, but that seems doubtful. Matters are in such an unsatisfactory condition that it is not unlikely that piling and filling in may be abandoned. Indeed, it may be necessary because of delay resulting from this new phase of the case. An informal meeting of the local lady managers was held yesterday for the purpose of considering plans for the reception and entertainment of the lady managers coming to Chicago. There were present Mrs. Judge Shepard, Mrs Shattuck, Mrs. Leander Stone, Mrs. Gen. Chetlain, Mrs. Sandes, Mrs. Mulligan, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Wallace and Mrs. Doolittle. At the request of Secretary Dickinson they have taken under consideration the selection of a suitable hall for the meetings of the full Board of Lady Managers. No decision wasteached regarding the reception to be accorded the visiting members, the subject being laid over till Monday, when there will be another meeting. The committee of the lake front property owners met at the Leland last, night and went into the question as to how best to move the Illinois Central tracks farther east. It studied the legislation connected with the matter, but the result of its deliberations was not given out. The committee claims, however, that it is not necessary to wait for legislation before beginning the filling and piling. Work can be begun at once, and arrangements made for changing the track later. This would Exposition Directors in the positipn of; dfiviqg piles for the Illinois to Asa When the tracks are moved out, but Itrisclaimod that the : UHnois’Central Voifld ’fie gla'd. to pay .fqr ptc v along, its new right-of- way, iii. view «of the- width -of the right of way being increased to 300 feet.. Put it yould bg-. taking chances unless such'-an agreement wefce signed in .i advance. Telfort} Burnham addressed the com- . mittee oil the Subject of fte use:ot ’tlj4 • Lake. Front. - He thought JhaJ. buildings should be, put out a’little, way to got a' perspective. Mrs. D. R. Robinson, alternate,, of Albuquerque, N, M., has resigned frcim the Board of Lady Managers; There is talk df haying the CrerSr Lincoln montiment put oh the Lake' Front, near the Art be the only permanent biiiltjing jprecte# there in all probability. Commissioner Ritchie, of Ofiio, called at hgadquarterS for threP shared® of steeft—dhe f&r himself, one for his wife, and a third for his son. He believes the money will be well invested. , Lewis Trunkhill, of Rock Springs,' Wyo., has written'to headquarters in the interest of parties who have organized in his town for the purpose of collecting Western curiosities for exhibition at the exposition. His organization iiPt©sJ> B ® to collect one or more car-loafflg' of -arS mals of every kind, fossils, mineral, and those which have been petrified or carbonized.

Personal Paragraphs.

Me. Jaog is understood to be quite a heavy load for the ;Prqiiibß> tion ticket irt loXtfa. ' ’ ! j F|| Gov. Be'a\’i££ and Gen. phatically deny the story told by York Herat c} cftno&rpipjg the misappropriation of thezfunds.contributed for the relief of the Johnstown sufferers. Chief. Justice and Mrs. Fuleer will celebrate thetr kftvei* January at their Washington home. On that: day the wedding of their daughter, Miss Mildred Fuller, to Hugo Wallace will; take place.