Democratic Sentinel, Volume 10, Number 14, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 May 1886 — Page 8

Presentiment of Death.

The subject of presentiment concerning death and fatality in families spoken of in Hancock’s case recalls some sad points in the Bayard history. Few families have been more depleted by sudden death than the Bayards, and in many instances there have been forewarnings and presentiments. It is said that Miss Bayard wrote a letter indicating her approaching death. There are now in Washington many old naval officers who remember the interesting circumstances attending the death of Miss Bayard’s cousin, Charles C. Bayard, at Mount Vesuvius. He was the favorite son of Richard Bayard, of Philadelphia, whose father and Secretary Bayard’s father were brothers. In 1843, while on board the United States ship Congress. in company with several young friends from on board, he made the ascent of Mount Vesuvius. It was the same Congress that went down in Hampton Roads before the Mcrrimac, and in the party was the same Joseph Smith, who. as commander of the Congress, had his head taken off by a cannon ball and of whom his father said, when he heard that the Congress was taken: “Then Joe is dead.” In the party also was Lehman B. Ashmead, of Philadelphia, with whom young Bayard afterward went to Jerusalem to visit the Holy Sepulcher. While there they both had tattooed on their arms, by an old dragoman, the heraldic arms of Jerusalem, with the date of their visit [n the case of young Bayard the tattooed cross developed virulent features, festered, and finally he became sick and the arm became greatly swollen. He continued to declare that he would die, and even after it appeared to grow entirely well he was in the habit of saying to Mr. Ashmead and other friends: “This arm will be the death of me yet” Ten years afterward younp; Bayard left for a cruise in the Columbia as flag lieutenant of Commander Morris. Before leaving he took a sad farewell of all his friends here, and declared to one and all that “they would never see him again.” He was very dejected and despondent Ten years to a day from his previous visit, in company with young Carroll Tucker, of Maryland, and a few friends, the Columbia being then at Naples, he made the ascent of Vesuvius during an eruption. With him were Rear Admiral Simpson and Rear Admiral Calhoun, who were then Lieutenants. He had the arm of a Prussian army officer. He was quite gay. Just near the Hermitage, where he had halted ten years before, the party stopped, finding it would be dangerous to go nearer the crater. As they were turning a mass of lava and rock struck young Bayard on the arm where he had been tattooed, cutting it fearfully and obliterating the cross, and before the pajty coula reach the foot of the volcano he died. His mother is still living, upward of 90 years of age. His body is buried near the foot of Vesuvius.

What Are Cruel Punishments?

When men, under the impetus of the indignation and horror that are occasioned by the commission of crimes that bear the stamp of deliberate cruelty or atrocity, undertake to apply what are popularly deemed adequately severe remedies, their action generally embodies results that, to the mind of those versed in matters of social or governmental science, are as mischievous in their tendency as the evils sought to be remedied. It not infrequently happens, in cases of crimes of deep atrocity, that citizens resolve to avenge the wrong immediately, by lynching the offender. The folly and wrong of this method of meting out punishment in a civilized community are now universally conceded by calm-thinking and intelligent men. Again, it will happen that this same spirit of impatience at the slow processes of law and of distrust in the ordinary legal methods of punishment for crime wiu find its expression in an equally wrong and illogical method, towit, the adoption of legislation providing cruel methods of punishment for certain crimes, in the belief that the evil of their frequent perpetration may be remedied in that way. Upon reflection, it will be found that both methods have their origin in the some erroneous conception of the scope and object of punishment for crime. Under the designation “cruel punishments,” I include all such penalties for crimes as are designed to inflict direct physical suffering, accompanied by circumstances of ignominy. The whip-ping-post is ah example. The infliction of such penalties proceeds upon the theory of retaliation, and, for this reason, is improper and vicious. The legitimate province of all laws relating to penalties for crime is punishment simply. Anything that is inflicted beyond this, whether against law, as by mob violence, or by - legislation , as in the case of retaliatory punishments, exceeds the legitimate scope of penalties for crime. There may be scriptural precedent to the contraiy, but we must not adopt as a divine precedent, applicable to all nations, those rules which were laid down for a particular people, in a remote and barbarous age. Many things that are faithless, treacherous, unnatural and cruel, find a seeming sanction and precedent in the Mosaic law r . Punishment, in its proper accepts ation, means the protection of society, as represented by the State, against the inroads of the individual upon its welfare, or, as it is called in criminal-law phrase, “the peace of the State.” It is only when the enroachments of the individual upon the rights of others amount to a public wrong that they are punishable criminally, and then it is only the wrong to society, and not the sin, that is cognizable by the tribunals. —Lewis HockJu’imer, 'in topular Science Monthly for April.

Change of Structure Due to Change of Function,

* * * Here, however, my chief purpose is to add an instance showing, even more clearly, the connexion between change of function and change of structure. This instance, allied in nature to the other, is presented oy those varieties, or rather sub-varieties, of dogs, which, having been household pets, and habitually fed on soft food, have not been called on to use their jaws in tearing and crunching, and have been but rarely allowed to use them in catching prey and in fighting. No inference can be drawn from the sizes of the jaws themselves, which, in these dogs, have probably been shortened mainly by selection. To get direct proof of the decrease of the muscles concerned in closing the jaws or biting, would require a series of observations very difficult to make. But it is not difficult to get indirect proof of this decrease by looking at the bon}" structures with which these muscles are connected. Examination of the skulls of sundry indoor dogs contained iu the Museum of the College of Surgeons, proves the relative smallness of such parts. The only pug-dog’s skull is that of an individual not perfectly adult; and though its traits are quite to the point they cannot with safety be taken as evidence. The skull of a tov-terrier has much restricted areas of insertion for the temporal muscles; has weak zygomatic arches; and has extremely small attachments for the masseter muscles. Still more significant is the evidence furnished by the skull of a King Charles’s spaniel, which, if we allow three years to a generation, and bear in mind that the variety must have existed before Charles the Second’s reign, we may assume belongs to something approaching to the hundredth generation of these household pets. The relative breadth between the outer surfaces of the zygomatic arches is conspicuously small; the narrowness of the temporal fosse is also striking; the zygomata are very slender; the temporal muscles have left no marks whatever, either by limiting lines or by the character of the surfaces covered; and the places of attachment for the masseter muscles are very feebly developed. At the Museum of Natural History, among skulls of dogs there is one which, though unnamed, is shown by its small size and by its teeth, to have belonged to one variety or other of lap-dogs, and Which has the Bame traits in an equal degree with the skull just described. Here, then, we have two if not three kinds of dogs which, similarly leading protected and pampered lives, show that in the course of generations the parts concerned in clenching the jaws have dwindled. —Herbert Spencer , in Popular Science Monthly for April.

A Grecian Bathing-Room.

Among the rooms which cluster about the megaron at Tiryns is one of quite unique interest. This is a small chamber —in size some ten feet by twelve—whereof the floor is formed of a single gigantic slab of stone weighing about twenty tons, and the walls were wainscoted with solid and close-fitting i flanks. A gully at the corner, evidenty made for the exit of water, at once suggested that this was once a bathroom, and no other theory seems tenable. That Homer’s heroes, like Greeks of later times, betook themselves to the baths before they they went to dine in the hall is well known to all scholars, and here again excavation gives material confirmation to the poet’s words. But it does more than confirm, it also explains. Homer speaks of the chiefs as repairing to the cuzesta asaminthol , and the commentators have variously interpreted the phrase in the light rather of their own ingenuity than of comparative archaeology. But a fragment of a large terracotta vessel, evidently used in bathing, has come to light at Tiryns, proving beyond reasonable doubt that the bathing ciistoms of the Homeric Greeks differed but little from those which the representations on vases show to have prevailed in historical times. In the midst of the floor of the bath-room was placed a large vessel full of warm water. In this, after laying aside his clothes, the bather sat, or over it he cowered, while a bathing man ladled over him the water, which, falling on the floor, ran away by the sink in a corner of the room. After the washing came rubbing and oiling. It is, however, to be observed that the place of the bathing man is in the Homeric descriptions supplied by a woman, sometimes even a high-born lady. At Pylos, Polvcasta, youngest daughter of Nestor, bathes and dresses young Telemachns. Helen bathes Odysseus when he comes to Trov as a spy, and recognizes him in bath by personal marks, as does old Nurse Eufyclea at a 4 later period* It seems to be a mark of the extreme modesty of the same hero that he declines to be bathed by the maidens of Nausica. Thus always, when we compare Homeric and later Hellenic customs, we find strong likenesses and sharp contrast, presenting to the historian and anthopologist one of the most fascinating of fields for study, a field which they can not as yet be said to have half occupied.— The Quarterly Review.

The Rev. J. L. Scudclerof Minneapolis is in error when, in trying to prove that women are more fond of dancing than men, he says: “Women will dance with each other by the hour, but men never dance except with women.” We have seen in a dancing hall in Rome men dancing with each other by the dozens of couples in preference to the partnership of young women who danced equally well. This was undoubtedly evidence of the most undiluted love of dancing for its action ami the rhythm alone; but we take it that the love in* grained in the human heart for this historic exercise is the same whether in man or woman.— N. Y. Sun.

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STRAYED OR STOLEN!

From the premises of the undersigned, in Jordan township, Jasper county, Ind., about the 19th of April last, a two-year old mare, dark bay or brown, about 15 hands high. Information that will lead to her recovery by the undersigned will be suitably rewarded. Address Henry P. Jones, Rensselaer, Jasper county, Ind.

Christopher Plath had arranged to take the morning train, Monday, az the beginning of his journey to Germany, but voted before he started ;and shortly afterwards was arrested on a warrant charging him with illegal voting. The old man has been in poor health this winter, and remained most of the time with his brother-in-law in Newton county, but his house and household goods were here, and this h claimed was his place of residence. The person who caused the airest claimed that he had lost his residence here, and hence the charge of illega* voting. He had a hearing before squire Pure ..pile, and was promptly acquitted. This prosecution seems to have been entirely unjustifiable and malicious.— Rensselaer Republican. Here is another example in which the editor of the Republican measures other people’s corn in his own half bushel. He evidently thinks that because nearly all his actions are controlled by hate and malice that others are prompted by the same cause. The arrest was made, we think, without any malice, and upon the firm conviction that Plath had voted illegally. In our opinion the testiny showed that when he left last October he expressed himself as going to his home, in Newton county,and that he informed several parties that Newton county was his place of residence. The testimony further showed that he had told parties here that he had no right to vote at this place, as he had lost his residence. Considering all the testimony and all the 'Circumstances, we think he was not a legal voter. *

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