Democratic Sentinel, Volume 10, Number 10, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 9 April 1886 — Page 3

WOMAN GOSSIP.

, Hit Littl*- \Vorl«L “Hr little world is very small, Scarce worth your notice, sir, tit till." Tbo mother said. “My pood, 1 in<l husband, as yon And those toree chi ilreu at niy kmc, W ho look to ns s > trustingly For ilail r bread. “For their sweet a- V - s, who love me »o, T keep the tire-1 *; i 1 u glow In mr dear home. ii’Lat. though tli - temp ist ro ir outside, And fiercely threaten fir and wi ie. Thecl.ojry blaze may serre to guide Dear feet that roam. “And as the merry kettle boils We welcome him who daily toils For t.s each day. Of true-love kisses full a score Ho gets, I’m certain, if not more. Who 1 fond ones met thim at the doer. At twilight groy. "OnefgCts his slippers for his feet, Another hauls him to his seat — The bi' arm-chair. And while tbo children round him sing, And make the dear old rafters ring, One little daught r crowns him king With blossoms fair. “Ah, rir, we are r.ot rich or great, Ihi owners of a vast estate," The mother sain : “But we have b tier f*r than gold— Contentmmi and a little fold As full cf love as it cm hold. With daily bread." — Mrs. M. .4. Kidder.

Jealousy, Thy Xante Is Woman. She —“So you think that hateful thing is pretty, do you ?” He —“Well, she certainly has a piquant and interesting face; and then, you know, she has such a saucy little retrousse nose.” She (contemptuously)—“A saucy little l’etrousse nose, indeed! Yes; so has the ordinary bull-pup, .1 believe. And, to my mind, one is about as handsome as the other.”— Somerville Journal. Not That Kind of a Star. Husband (whose wife is an actress; — “I see that by paying $225 you can have a star named alter you.” Wife—“ How nice! If we had the money now we could have a star named alter our boy.” H.—“ But our boy is not named yet.” W. —“But it is easy enough to give him a pretty name.” H.—“ However, as we cannot afford to have a star named after him we can name him after a star, which costs nothing. ” W.—“ That’s just as well.” H. —“Certainly. Now what star will we name him after?” W. —(reflectively)—“Let me see. How would Edwin Booth do?” , Husband goes out to the club. — Boston Courier.

Pretty Hands. Various causes combine to make the hands very coarse and rough. Curiously enough, less attention is given to the hands than to the face, although they really require more care on account of tho hard work they are called upon to do. And yet a white and delicate hand is very charming and worthy of quite as much attention as the face, if not more. Even a cook may have less coarse hands, if she wili, by always using glycerine or honey after washing her hands, and by never using coarse yellow soap, but a little bran or oatmeal, which will clean the hands quite as well a 3 soap and keep them soft at the same time, whatever may be the amount of work she may have to do and to whatever exposure to heat and cold the hands may be subjected. These same precautions maybe adopted by women who occupy themselves with any rough work in the house, and, moreover, they should always wear gloves, which will, more than anything, keep the hands soft and clean, and thus dispense with the necessity of too frequent washing.— Exchange.

Look to Your Comp exion. Ladies who are in the habit of using lotions to preserve their qomplexions and clear them may find in the following something of value on that subject: Lotions like pomades should be employed at night and always moderately. Lotions may be employed in the morning, especially if a pomade has been used the night previous. A pomade for pimples is made of bicarbonate of soda two scruples and glycerine one drachm. A means of preserving freshnesss of complexion is the use of pastes applied to the face in the form of a mask during the night. Use barley flour sifted three ounces, honey one ounce, white of egg one scruple; mix as a paste. To refine the skin take of blue skim-milk half a pint, slice into it as much cucumber as it will cover; let it stand one hour and bathe the face and hands, afterward washing them with clean water. This is an old English cosmetic and much prized. It is said to stimulate the growth of the hair also. A shiny polished skin is caused by an excess of fatty secretion beneath the skin. - Soap cannot remove it. A saturated solution of borax unites with the minute globules of fat and forms a soap, thus removing the trouble. The following is also excellent: Camphor water, one quart; glycerine (pure), one ounce; powdered borax, one-half ounce. Mix and bathe the face morning and night, letting it dry and remain on for several minutes, then wash in rain or filtered water.

Undervests and Skirts—Plain Talk for Women by a Woman. The advocates of silk underwear next to the skin have much to say in regard to the irritating effect of wool upon a sensitive cuticle. They admit the superior sanitary influence of wool, but assert that upon a fine and delicate skin the hair shirt of a penitent is not more intolerable than contact with ordinary wool. This is nonsense and creates bugbears where no bears exist. A silk skirt in summer is uncomfortable beoause non-absorbent, and it is so

expensive it is non-existent for the majority. It also rapidly deteri irates by being subjected to the washing process, so that it loses much of its beauty and softness before it begins to wear out. For these and other reasons silk underwear is not desirable in warn, weather, and the majority are to be congratulated upon not being tempted by it and on being provided of ate years with soft and line “gauze” woolen underwear, of which even the ordinary grades (fifty cents per \ est i will not irritate the finest and most sensitive skin. These vests are high and low neeked, long and short sleeved, with a narrow rim of silk embroidery around the neck. They absorb ail moisture, can bo changed twice or. thrice a week, or every dav if preferred, and keep the corset and cotton or . linen combination from contact with the skin. They are not so much to wash as a i pocket handkerchief, and add no ap- | preciable or unpleasant degree of i warmth to the clothing. They are, in fact, a boon to the majority, and should be so considered, for, though not an incumbrance, they are still protective, and preserve the chest and lungs from slight exposure and incidental changes of temperature. We do not sufficiently appreciate the modern tendency to adapt the best thing to the largest number. This availability genders the good thing a double blessing. It is quite lime that women understood that there are certain parts of their attire which should not bo subject to the law of fashion and change. Underwear, for example, should simply cover the body—not enlarge, depress or compress it. The finest French underwear, excepting skirts worn next the dress, follows this rule. Even hems aro not allowed, and there are no gathers. The garment is curved in at the sides and center, the edges are hand, embroidered, and the fit is perfect. Women who buy underwear made at slop-shops simply because it is cheap, without regard to its form or style, sometimes wearing it gathered in, sometimes loose, sometimes shaped, can never have their dresses fitted with precision or elegance. The corset is even more important; whatever it is, it ought to be of the same cut and style, the same depth over the hips, the same lines inclosing the bust. The modern corset is anything but an object of terror. It yields a necessary support to the fleshy part of a woman’s figure and serves as a flexible frame u; on which to build the dress. It is scientifically cut and carved to the body and supplied with elastic side or gores, which adapt it to delicate women ancl growing gi' ls. There are summer corsets of transparent lace-like fabric, traversed by slender, pliant lines of whalebone, forming the frame, which are a luxury even to look at and may be worn on the hottest day with ease and comfort. But there are still straight, shapeless, heavily weighted “stays” machine-made, coarsely corded, and charged with steel bars, that quite alter the figure of the wearer, who perhaps thinks she is improved because she is martyred in wearing them or selects them because they are a few cents cheaper. This is self-murder for less inducement than would be accepted by the commonest assassin and destroys tliejeffect of the finest costume. —New York letter, in Washington Star.

Historic Dogs.

At a time when dogs, especially metropolitan dogs, are somewhat under a cloud, says a writer in All the Year Round, it may be well to recall some of the claims of our old friend to respect and esteem. Every one remembers the dog of Ulysses, who died in greeting his master, just returned from his long wanderings, and the story shows the consideration in which the dog was held in the heroic ages of Greece. The old Persians, too, held the dog in high esteem; to the Magianshe was a sacred animal, the representative and Iriend of Ormuzd the Beneficent, and the great satraps were distinguished by their trains of hunting dogs, as was the King himself, and Xerxes set out for the conquest of Greece by a great body guard of faithful dogs. Those most highly prized by the Persians came from India, so-called, probably, from the Bactrian regions, where the dog is still held in high repute. Captain Woods tells us that the old-fashioned Uzbeg would think it no insult to be asked to sell his wife, but would resent an offer for his dog as an unpardonable affront, wh le among the border tribes of Turkestan the epithet of the dogseller is one of the profoundest contempt. Indeed, the birthplace of nations is probably the original home of the dog, and when out Arvan ancestors began to migrate westward from their ancient seats with their flocks and herds they brought with them, no doubt, their fierce and faithful dogs, who have left their descendants of to-day—the English mastiff, the Pyrenean sheep dog, the Albanian wolfhound. Ancient laws, too, record the estimation in which the dog was held: “A herd dog that goes for the sheep in the morning and follows them home at night is worth the best ox,” say the ancient laws of Wales. The best herd dogs of the present day perhaps are the Breton sheep dogs —rough, shaggy uncouth—with an aspect as if they had a little of the blood of bruin in their veins, but highly valued by their possessors, who are not to be tempted into parting with them by anything under the price of the best ox; and the Breton dog is one of the most sagacious of his kind, watching and tending his flocks with an almost incredible zeal and devotion. The man who fell out of his bunk on ship-board explained that his black eye was a berth-mark. The first river you come to in Scotland they will tell you is the Forth.

SHOOTING TO KILL.

A Posse of Deputies Protecting a Train Fired Upon at Fort Worth, Texas. One of the Officers Killed, Two Mortally Wounded, and a Striker Killed. ;Fort Worth ‘Texas) dispatch.) The first tragedy to result from the strike ou the Texas and Pacific occurred Saturday afternoon, when a group of strikers, lying in ambush a short distance south of the city, tired ou a portion of the Sheriff’s posse, fatally wounding Officers Townsend and Snead, and sending a bullet through the thighs of Policeman Fulford. One of the strikers, Frank Pierce, a switchman, was killed, and Tom Neece, another, was shot in the groin. Two other strikers arc believed to have been wounded. Officer Townsend is dead, and Officer Snead is now lying at the point of death. Owing to the bold stand taken by the strikers during the week it was feared that serious trouble would soon ensue, and when it was known Friday night that warrants of injunction had been served on many of. the strikers, and that the company would make a desperate effort to get out trains in the morning, under the protection of the Sheriff, bloodshed was deemed inevitable. At 10 o'clock yesterday morning officers began to collec t at the Union Depot and in the yards, and a few minutes later Engine 54, loaded with armed men, steamed down into the Missouri Pacific yards amid the derisive shouts of the spectators. The engine was then backed up to Hodge, from which point it was to pull a freight train into the city. At 11:35 the train came into the yards unmolested by the crowd. A woman waved a red flag as a signal for the engineer to stop, but he paid no attention to it. Proceeding on its way by the. Union Depot, the train passed on south, guarded by twelve officers, armed with revolvers, under the command of Special Deputy Marshal Courtwright. At tiie crossing a mile and a half from town a switch was found open and the train halted. The officers approached the switch and discovered about twenty of the strikers lying in ambush, with their Winchester rifles aimed, ready to shoot. Firing was opened by both sides almost simultaneously, and after about fifty shots had been fired the officers retreated to the train and return! with their wounded comrades to the city. The tragedy occasioned terrible excitement. throughout the city, and Sheriff Maddox at once armed two companies of citizens with carbines and stationed them at tiie depot to lie ready for future emergencies. The Mayor issued a proclamation appointing seventy-five special policemen, and telegrams were sent to Gov. Ireland urging him to hurry on a regiment of militia at once. He immediately ordered out the troops. The troops here now number 255 meil. Adjt. Gen. King, Brig, Gen. A. S. Roberts, Attorney General Templeton, Inspector General P. Smyth, and Col. W. P. Gaines are on the ground. Two companies of rangers accompanying Gov. Ireland are on the way to the city from Austin. District Judge Peckham was called into consultation with the railroad officials this morning, the result being that about 12 o’clock a freight train was sent south under guard of the Grayson Rifles and a special force of fifteen citizens. Another train was at once made up and sent north, also under guard, and at 5 o’clock a third train pulled out, going soirtli. The statement is made that the Knights of Labor have determined that Fort Worth shall be the point where trains shall be stopped at all hazzards and that there they will win or lose their battle. On the other hand, it is said the citizens declare that the Missouri Pacific trains shall move, even though it costs scores of lives to accomplish it. No one is allowed to stand on the streets. The officers are in citizens’ dress, and nearly every man in town not known as a striker has a permit to carry concealed weapons. Attorney General Templeton, who is here with Adjutant General King, says: “Since the authority of the State has been invoked it shall be wielded, and trains must move if it takes the whole military force of the State to do it.”

Mr. lloxie and the Knights -A Cold Reception. (St. Louis telegram.] Secretary Turner and William H. Bailey, of the General Executive Committee of the Knights of Labor, arrived from Cincinnati, and after a long conference with the joint committee of the Districit Assemblies went to the office of Mr. H. M. Hoxie, Vice President of the Missouri Pacific. Their interview was of short duration, and was very unsatisfactory. They say that they were received coldly, and that Mr. Hoxie’s demeanor was eminently disappointing. He told them that the company had decided to reduce its force of shopmen by 50 per cent., and that a large number of men had already been employed to fill the places of the strikers. Such of the old employes as wished to return should apply fora position, and their applications would be considered, without regard to their connection with the strike, but tho company reserved tho right to reject any objectionable applicant. These terms were not what the committee expected, and they accordingly withdrew. Mr. lloxie was very cool. He did not even ask the committee to be seated. Tlie World of Labor. The Eureka Iron Company, of Wyandotte, a suburb of Detroit, has recognized the right of its employes to join the Knights of Labor. » Journeymen bakers, of New York, to the number of twelve hundred, have determined to strike, on May 1, fortwelve hours’ work live days a week, and fourteen hours on Saturday. K. P. Allis, of Milwaukee, informed eight hundred employes of the machineshops booing Ins name that work wpuldbo permanently stopped should an attempt be made to enforce the eight-hour rule. The strike has been crushed at Atchison and Parsons, and the Mayor of the city offers to pay whatever damage has been in-* dieted upon railroad property within tho town by strikers. The street-car strike at Pittsburgh has been adjusted, except as to one line. The men are to get the same wages as heretofore, and the hour question is to be further arbitrated.

FACING 62,000 SOLDIERS.

Strikers in the Little Kingdom of Belgium Confronted by All the Nation's Military. Deadly Encounters Between MOO 3 and Soldiery-Immense Destruction of Property. [Cable dispatch from Brussels.) Three hundred strikers made an attack on the Marlemont colliery at Mons, and were fired upon by troops. The number of killed and wounded is fourteen. The.entire reserve force has been ceiled out. With these additional troops the army will number 02,000 men. The strikers stopped work at the Rosaix collii ries to-day. They were thrice ordered to disperse, but refused to do so, and began to throw stones at (lie troops. The latter fired upon the rioters, killing and wounding seventeen. The miners at Antoing, three miles southeast of Toumav, struck to-day and went rioting. They formed into a body and marched toward Tournav for the purpose of looting the place. Troops sallied out from that place to meet them, and a conflict followed, in which many persons were wounded. The strikes are spreading in the coalmining districts of Fltnn and Boiinage and the authorities there fear trouble. The miners in the latter district receive but $3 a week. They have destroyed the residence of the mine manager by dynamite. In these districts there have already been several conflicts between the strikers and the troops and many have been killed on both sides. Re-enforcements have been sent to the scene from Mons. In a fresh tight between the rioters and infantry at t’amieres two persons were killed and many wounded. The Socialists aro greatly enraged because of the energetic action of the military in suppressing disturbances. As an act of revenge they threaten to raid the extensive cloth-works, which are a conspicuous feature of that town. Larcoyer, the lender of the Socialists, has been arrested. It has been proved that the riots wore not due to political causes. Of the ldO persons arrested here in connection with the disturbances one-half are old convicts of the worst kind. At a meeting of Hie Cabinet it was decided that the Premier should explain the situation to the Chamber of Deputies. A Government Inspector is examining the depots for dynamite in the Charleroi district. Rioters attacked and burned a pottery manufactory at Bandour, near Mons. Th succeeded in resisting the gendarmes, who, however, shot and killed three of the rioters. The citizens of Fleures, seven miles northeast of Charleroi, have armed themselves with pitchforks, clubs, and guns, and have thus far succeeded in defending their town from pillage. They drove one army of rioters away by main force, dispersing it utterly. Vigilance committees are being formed by the citizens in other places threatened by the strikers. The workmen iu the cloth factories' at Venders have joined the strike. Charleroi is a vast military camp from which flying columns arc operating in all directions. It is believed now that the worst is over. The Government, has authorized the peaceable inhabitants of the city to arm themselves and use every means in their power to defend their domiciles. There is a more confident feeling. The civilian patrols and the troops are overmastering the rioters. One hundred arrests have been made, among them several Anarchist leaders. The burials of the rioters who were shot by troops are proceeding quietly at Vcrviers. Several French newspapers accuse Prince Bismarck of having incited the riots in Belgium and warn Belgium to beware of him. The Belgian Republican League of Paris has called a meeting of the Belgian workingmen of Prance to assist their brethren in Belgium.

THE “QUEER” IN PRISON.

Discovery of Counterfeiters’ Molds and Bogus Money in the Kansas State Penitentiary. [Leavenworth teleg am.) Considerable excitement was caused in the Kansas State Penitentiary by the discovery that a number of counterfeiters’ mokls had been in nse for some time by a couple of convicts, the latter having successfully made a number of bogus coins. A quantity of the latter, representing perhaps $6, was found in the cell of one of the convicts. The molds were accidentally discovered in the drying-room of the laundry, where tho two convicts were employed. When examined they said that they»had been assisted by some of the guards, who procured materials for them and got rid of tho spurious coins. They named two of the guards, who have been suspended from duty pending an investigation, but it is generally thought the guards are innocent. The counterfeiting had gone on for several weeks.

BLOWN FROM A BATH-TUB.

Tlic ltemarkable and Uncomfortable Kxperlonce of a Nebraska Judge. [Hastings (Neb.) dispatch.] A remarkable accident occurred at McCook, in this State. Judge Lucas had gone into the bath-house of the town, and was comfortably enjoying a hot-water bath, when suddenly, a terrible noise was heard, and one end of the bath-room went flying across the street. Lucas was hurled forward after it, and driven head foremost into a huge snowdrift, where he remained a moment completely dazed. Believing him but slightly injured, the crowd that had gathered around heartily enjoyed Lucas’ predicament. The boiler in the basement had exploded, breaking mirrors, furniture, and other articles into fragments and knocking ihe chimney to pieces, which fell into the tub so recently occupied by Lucas. The boiler was buried with terrific force across the street, alighting on the building oocupied by the Democrat, crashing through the roof, and ruining the forms and other articles on which it fell. The damage was considerable, hut no one was seriously injured.

KNIGHTS OF LABOR.

A Biography and a Sketch Which Will Be Bead with Interest at This Juncture. Terrence Cinoent Fowderly, authoritative leader of the Knights of Labor organization (says the Now York World), was bom at Carbondale, Fa., Jan. 24, ISIS). Ho went to school for six years, and when 111 years old went to work us a switch-toiler for tho Delaware & Hudson Canal Comjitv.iy. When 17 ho went into the machine shop of the company. He went to Scranton and found employment in the shops of tho Delaware, Lackawanna A: Western Railroad Company. In 1870*he joined the Machinists and Blacksmiths’ National Union. He soon became President, and began to study tbo labor problem in the shops by talking to his fellow-workmen, watching tho endeavors and aims of employers and employes. In 1872 Mr. l’owderly married. Tho trades-union was too narrow to suit his views. Hia father had been a day laborer, and he learned that no labor organization could thrive until it took in every class of laboring men. The machinists did not take kindly to Mr. Powderly’s suggestion that they tuko in the laborers, the carpenters, painters, and every other t.rudo. In November, 1874, a friend invited him one evening to come to a labor meeting. Ho went without any idoa of what sort of a gathering it was. It was Local Assembly No. 88 of tho Knights of Labor, and he at once joined it. Hf> loimd tin r* men of all trod os and all crafts. It was his idea of a labor organization, and he at once entered heartil-y into its plans. Tho panic of 1873 left Powderly without employment. Ho went west into Ohio looking for work, cumn back into Western Pennsylvania, and in Oil City found a job, and was sont by tho Machinists and Blacksmiths’ Union of that city as a»delegat ■ to the General Convention hold at Louisville in September, 1874. Scon after bo was back in the employ of the Dickson Manufacturing Company at Scranton, and it was on this return that he joinod tho Knights Ho soon Induced the entire union to join tho Knights, and the union was disbanded. In 1877 the railroad strike took many from this section, and about live thousand men went from that district. Many of them were in tho order of Knights, und, when they pushed on into tho West, were instrumental in building up now local assemblies. Up to this time tho Knights of Labor had no General Assembly, and many of the leading Knights were iu correspondence on the subject. M. F. Turner, Secretary of District Assembly No. 1, Philadelphia; Mr. Griffith, of Chicago; Charles H. Litciuium, of Marldoliead, Mass.; and Mr. Thomas King, of Reading, l’a., had beer* writing one to another, and. the result was a call for tho first General Assembly at Beading in January, 1878. A constitution vras adopted at this time, and Uriah K. Htevens, tho founder of tho order, was chosen Grand Master Workman. At the Ht. Louis Convention, held in St. Louis January, 1870, Mr. Stevens was re-elected, and Mr. l’owderly was chosen to the second position nB General Worthy Foreman. Tho time of the* meeting of the General Assembly was changed to September, and in September, 1879, a convention was held in Chicago, when Mr. Stevens sent a letter declining re-election as Grand or General Master Workman, and suggesting Mr. Powderly, iu strong words of prinso, for tho position. That choice was made, and cuoh successive September, at tho general assemblies, he was re-elected. Ho had continued to reside at Scranton, and in April, 1878, liis fellow-workmen put his uamo in nomination for Mayor and elected him. His first act was to discharge tho entire nolioo force. This he did because ho feared that his enemies would seek to create disorder and possibly do damage, and lie wished to have by him men in whom ho could trust to repress nnv uprising. In 1880 Mayor Powderly was ro-oloctrd and in 1882 again chosen on" a Democratic ticket, but the labor element showed its strength by giving him a majority in several strong Republican districts. Sinco his induction into the order of Kirighta of Labor, Mr. Powderly has given it his entire attention and a vast amount of study. He has virtually reorganized tho order. Ho found it a close, oath-bound body, but at tho Detroit General Assembly, in 1881. he urged tho abolition of oaths and tho removal of tbo obligation of secrecy. Mr. Fowderly has filled tho position of constant instructor for seven years, and has not had a single day off, not even a whole Sunday. Mr. Powderly in 187.7 went somewhat into tho study of law, and while Mayor of Scranton got a very good legal training and habit. He started the Labor Advocate in Scranton during 1877, but this publication,, h° said, “died easily while I stood by its bedside.” By Wliat Methods Its Members Hope to Solve the Lubor Question, The District Assembly is composed of three delegates from each local assembly in its jurisdiction, and i# the highest tribunalwithln ita dominion. There are what are called “trade districts” and “mixed districts.” Tho former, a* the name donates, are composed of those of any one or affiliated trades. Thus a district of printers contains stercotypers, type-founders, compositors, pressmen and feeders, bookbinders and sewers, lithographers und plate printers. A district of shoemakers has within it every person working at that business in any capacity. A mixed district is formed of assemblies of overyrraile having less than five locals, which number is necessary before a trade can lie organized as a distinct district. There are soveral trades in the order which have national districts, and it is hoped by many a Knight that in time every national and international trade union will be coverod with the shield of tbo order. It is said that If such was possible it would inure to the strength of the trad’e union, as it has been found that every trade is dependent on all tho others. Local assemblies can bo formed of men and women, or men or women respectively, of any one or more trade!', or no trade whatever, excepting lawyers, bankers, brokers, and rum-sellera, who are considered to be drones in the human hive, or seeking alwuas their Own preferment first, last, and all the time. In every local assembly a half-hour at each meeting must bo devoted to the discussion of “labor in all its interests.” It is during these moments that'the “declaration of principles” is taken up and enlarged upon by some one designated for that purpose. In locals newly founded the declaration is taken up section by section, beginning with the following paragraph : “The alarming development and aggressiveness of grout capitalists and corporations, unless checked, will inevitably lead to tho pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses. It is imperative, if wo desire to enjoy the full blessings of life, that a check be placed upon unjust accumulation and the power for evil of aggregated wealth. This much-desired object can bo accomplished only by the united ehrats of those who obey the divine injunction, ‘ln the sweat of thy face sbalt thou eat bread.' Therefore we have formed the order of Knights of Labor, for tho purpose of organizing and directing the power of tho industrial masses.” Sbo aims of the order aro declared te be : 1. To make industrial and moral worth, not wealth, the true standard of individual and national greatness. 2. To securo to the worker the full enjoyment of the wealth they create, sufficient leisure in which to develop their intellectual, moral, and social faculties ; all of the benefits, recreation, and pleasures of association; in a word, to enable them to share in the gains and honors of advancing civilization. To securo these results certain demands aro made upon tho State and National Legislatures, in addition to which the Knights of Labor will endeavor to associate their own labors. “To establish co-operative institutions such as will tend to supersede the -wage system by the introduction of a co-operative industrial system ; to secure for both sexes equal pay for equal work; to shorten tho hours of labor by a general refusal to work more than eight hours; to persuade employers to agroe to arbitrate at differences which may arise between them and their employes, in order that the bends of sympathy between them may be strengthened and that strikes may be rendered unnecessary. The Knights of Labor have attempted to introduce in the ord-cr distributive co-operation and lifo insurance on the assessment plan, but thus far without any success. The crodit of founding this great order i& dne to Uriah 8. Stevens, who died in Philadelphia in 1882. The idea cf the Knights of Labor, a secret bro’.herhood, was many years in developing itself, and did not take practical form until 1869, when Mr. Stevens was working as a clothing-cut-ter. For years it was a strictly secret society.