Democratic Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 42, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 November 1885 — Page 2

gljcScmocraticSentincl' RENSSELAER, INDIANA. J. W. McEWEN. ... Publisher

NEWS CONDENSED.

Concise Record of the Week. EASTERN. Ferdinand Ward complains of liarsli treatment at the hands of his keeper in Sing Sing prison. He denies that ho has any money left, but alleges that Warner received in excess of $1,000,000 from the firm of Grant <fc Ward. A misplaced switch on the Baltimore and Ohio Road sent a passenger train into the Youghiogheny River, at Bluestono quarry. Among the sixteen persons receiving injuries were C. E. Boyle, member of Congress from the Fayette District of Pennsylvania, and two Internal Revenue Collectors of that State, E. H. Bigler and John Dowling. A corps of physicians was sent forward by special train, and the wounded were removed to hotels in Connellsville. A man who has been playing the hemorrhage game along the roadways in the vicinity of Boston by means of a bladder of reddish liquid held in his mouth was thrown into jail at Waltham, after realizing considerable money. In the cellar of a house at York, Pa., tho remains of Mrs. Rosina Berg were exhumed by the Coroner, and about tho nock of the skeleton wero found a twisted rope and handkerchief. About a year ago she kept house for three men, but upon her disappearance the parties reported that she had gono to Germany. Sho possessed $1,500, and it is presumed was murdered for tho money. When Thomas Ford was convicted of murder in the second degree at Buffalo, and sentenced to life imprisonment, he pleaded with the Judge to change it to the death penalty. Being refused, he gave notico to the official that at the first opportunity he ■would kill himself. Horace Brigham Claflin, whose reputation as one of the greatest merchants of New York extended throughout tho country and to Europe, died of apoplexy at his country house at Fordham. Mr. Claflin was in his 74th year. Portland, Me., is still agitated over the reported resurrection of Joseph C. Dyer, who, it is claimed, was taken from his gravo by medical students, revived under their treatment, and is now somewhere in the land of tho living. The story, on general principles, is probably a canard; besides (an exchange,remarks, flippantly), one would imagine a Deyr the most likely person to stay died. Albert Fritz, an engraver residing at No. 183 Grand street, Now York, recently had a few unkind words with his wife about tho conduct of a child. Mrs. Fritz suffered so keenly from the incident that sho killed two children and herself with cyanide of potassium.

WESTERN.

Near the corner of Halsted and Adams streets, Chicago, a cranky shoemaker named Max Ritterberg shot and killed a policeman who entered his shop to quell a disturbance. Ritterberg then ran to his residence, and in the presence of his family put a bullet .through his brain. Judge Gresham has approved the decree of foreclosure against the Toledo, Cincinati and St. Louis Narrow-Gauge Road, which is mortgaged for $5,400,000, and weighed down by receivers’ certificates for $1,000,000 or more. The divisions will bo sold separately, at Indianapolis, about the end of December. At liockfield, Wis, the 4-year-old child of a miner threw a dynamite cartridge into the kitchen stove. The explosion killed the child and fatally injured its mother, A convention of racing representatives at St. Louis organized the American Turf Congress, Mr. J. F. Robinson being elected President, and B. G. Bruco Secretary-Treas-urer. Important changes were made in the rules, but the dates for next year’s meetings were not fixed, as satisfactory arrangements could not be reached. Promptly at noon of the 14th, in the jail at Chicago, the three murderers of Filippo Caruso were simultaneously executed. They spent the previous night iu tlio library with Italian priests. The bodies were intorred in Calvary Cemetery, each of_the condemned men having bequeathed his remains to a benevolent •organization. William Sharon, ex-Senator from California, died in San Francisco, after an illness of a week, during which time ho was unable to take nourishment. Ho was iu his sixty-fifth year. The census of lowa shows twenty centenarians. Jacob Heike, of Grundy County, the oldest person in the State, is 121 years of age. The mysterious robbery of the Nebraska State Treasury, last winter, has been followed by a verdict of manslaughter against Detective A. L. Pound, who is believed to have incited the crime and then shot his victim. A prominent citizen of Montana asserts that the Marquis de Mores has sunk* all his capital remaining outside the.battle business, putting $250,000 into refrigerators along the Northern Pacific, $45,000 into new paper ventures, and expending $25,000 on his trial for murder. The Supreme Court of Illinois has affirmed the sentence of five years in the peni r tentiary imposed upon Joseph C. Mackiu for perjury in connection with tho Eighteenth Ward election fraud in Chicago. At an explosion in the boiler-robm of the Bull Domingo Mine at Silver Cliff, Co)o;,. ten men Were killed.' Twelve members of . the bar.of. Tuscarawas County, Ohio, united in a. letter to Judge John S. Pearce requesting his resignation on account of personal insultt abU Yxtrehte

nervousness. The Judge proposes to hold the fort William A. Vincent, lately removed from the Chief Justiceship of the Supreme Court of New Mexico, has made a full statement of his reasons for appointing S. W. Dorsey as one of the commissioners of jurors, and he appeals to President Cleveland for a thorough investigation of his case. Hugh N. Brooks, alias Maxwell, alias D’Anquier, was arraigned in the Criminal Court at St Louis, and formally charged with the murder of Charles Arthur Preller. Jo£n V. Suvdam, who died at Green Bay, was the publisher cf the first newspaper in the Territory of Wisconsin, having resided there since 1829.

SOUTHERN.

George Schaefer, a cotton-buyer at Hampton, Ga., has been forced by ill-health to suspend business. His liabilities are $130,000. At Fannin, Clay County, Texas, a lad of 13 years, named Valentine Sanford, killed his mother with a rifle. He confesses having intended to murder his father, sell the plantation, and organize a band of stage-robbers. Confederate bonds are selling freely in Columbia and Charleston, S. C., at $1.75 per SI,OOO. The Governor of Louisiana has granted a respite for thirty days to Patrick Ford and John Murphy, the murderers of Captain Murphy, a local politician. Three boys started from Louisville with a stolen team, intending to go West and rob stage-coaches. During tho night they fired a house and several barns, and kept tho pursuing farmers at bay with cocked revolvers. They wore followed to Louisville, however, and arrested. Bev. Dr. Clinton Locke, of Chicago, has been requested by a clergyman of Galveston to receive contributions for the sufferers by fire in that city. Jay Gould, the New York millionaire, was among the first to contribute for the relief of tho sufferers, tho amount of his donation being $5,000. C. P. Huntington gave a like sum. Anderson Burres, a full-blooded Choctaw, who. murdered his wife, was shot dead by the sheriff at Atoka, Indian Territory, in strict accordance with the sentence of the court.

WASHINGTON.

It has been discovered that Mr. Charles Foster, Consul to Elborfeld, Germany, was not, at the time ho took his oath of office, a citizen of tho United States, and that he will, consequently, have to he recalled. A firG which started on the Strand at Galveston, Texas, swept southeastward with gaeat rapidity, destroying 400 dwellings and residences, many of the inmates narrowly escaping. A high wind which prevailed at the time aided the progress of tho flames, which found easy prey in tho wooden structures covering tho burned district. One thousand families wore rendered temporarily homeless, and tho financial loss will approximate $2,500,(100, with less than $1,000,000 insurance. Tho buildings on forty and one-half blocks, or one hundred acres, were swept away by tho tiro. Colonel B. G. Ingersoll has sold his residence and furniture iu Washington to Andrew B. McCreary, a California millionaire, for $45,000. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs says there have been a great many boomers in Oklahoma, hut they are being rapidly removed by the military and serious trouble is not anticipated. A. J. Edgerton, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota, has resigned. An official denial is sent out of the report that the Secretary of State is one of tho movers in a diplomatic project to secure the neutrality of the islands of tlie Pacific which aro not now occupied by Continental Powers.

POLITICAL.

Samuel J. Tilden, Jr., has been appointed .Internal Revenue Collector for the Fifteenth District of New York. The President has appointed General Joseph It. Bartlett, of New York City, to bo Second Deputy Commissioner of Pensions, in place of Lewis C. Bartlett, resigned, on account of ill-health; William R. Morgan, of Naslivillo, Tenn., to be member of the Board of Indian Commissioners, -in place of Orange Judd, resigned; and John G. Lee, of Philadelphia, to be Secretary of Legation at Constantinople. Dr. Leo is a friend of Minister Cox, and is understood to have been appointed on his personal solicitation. He is familiar with the modern languages and is said to bo peculiarly fitted for the place. A National Convention of FreeTraders and Revenue Reformers was in session at Chicago last week. Among the more prominent delegates were the Hon. J. Q. Smith, Ohio; Gen. M. M. Trumbull, Illinois; the Hon. J. Sterling Morton, Nebraska; J. B. Peabody, New York; Henry J. Philpot, Iowa; the Hon. Benjamin Reece, Ohio; Charles S. Cameron, Chicago; the Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Green, Chicago; F, W. Blakie, Chicago; Hon. Frank Hurd, Ohio. Gen. Stiles made the welcoming address, saying that the delegates did not come as President-makers, with brass bands, but simply as earnest men to seo what could be done toward tariff reform. Henry J. Philpot, of lowa, Western Secretary of the league, in an address reviewed tho progress of the movement in the West. Tho convention .displayed great enthusiasm over the declaration by Secretary Bowker that the American pubjjp. • anxiously awaits the birth of a great, third ,party to assume control of tlie<Governmen£ Iho conference chose David A Wells President,’ and R. R. Bowker Secretary. The resolutions adopted declaro that under no pretense shall any countenance be given to attempts to increaso protective duties; and that articles at the foundation of great industries should be' freed from duty. Free ships are demanded,.and the: abolition of restrictive navigation laws.; Tlje conference also declared- that ’hd further reduction in the and tobacco " taxes should, be countenanced until the existing tariff has been brought to a strictly revehtie basis. Two mass meetings held iri Central Musjc Hall were well

attended, and were addressed by Henry Ward Beecher, Frank Hurd, and other prominent revenue-reformers. The President has made the following appointments: George W. Glick, Pension Agent at Topeka, Kan.; Erasmus Redman, Collector of Customs for the district of Frenchman Bay, Me.; Frederick F. Mansfield, of Texajs, to be Secretary of Legation at Japan; James Bums to be Surveyor of Customs for the port of Kansas City; Oscar Yaleton to be Assistant Appraiser of Merchandise in the district of New Orleans. The President has also made the following appointments in the fnavy: John I. Hunker, Lieutenant Commander; Milton E. Schwenk, Lieutenant; William H. Schuetz, Lieutenant; Waldemar D. Rose, Lieutenant junior grade.

MISCELLANEOUS. According to the figures of the New York Produce Exchange the visible supply of wheat and com is as follows: Wheat, 46,797,693 bushels; com, 5,436,926 bushels. The National Butter, Cheese, and Egg Convention assembled at Chicago last week. Norman J. Colman, Commissioner of Agriculture, addressed the delegates in relation to the manufacture of artificial butter, and advocated stringent Federal legislation. J. W. Gould, of Ohio, stated that the Health Officer of Cleveland recently found 33 per cent of vaseline in “butter” sold in that market, and he remarked thdt’ it disheartened a dairyman to compete witli the oil wells of Pennsylvania. Colonel H. W. ’Hatch, a member of Congress from Missouri, thought butterino should he branded with a raw head and bloody bones. The Secretary reported that during 1883-1885 tho receipts of butter in Chicago footed up 238,733,000 pounds, and the shipments 250,041,000 pounds. Tho fact that the shipments wero greater than the receipts was due to the shipments of 12,000,000 pounds of bogus butter. He had collected some statistics about butterine, which showed that from May 1 of this year to May 1 of 1886, the output will easily reach 20,000,000 pounds. Tho receipts of cheese in Chicago for 1883-1885 wero 119,600,OCO pounds, and the shipments 97,065,000 pounds. From November 1,1883, to November 1,1884, there were received 332,000 cases of eggs, against 429,000 tho previous year. Tho shipments for 1883-1884 wero 112,000 cases, against 188,000 cases in 1884-1885. For the' ten months ended Oct. 31 last the export of minerals from tho United States was valued at about $41,500,000. Business failures throughout the country for the week were 223, as -compared with 179 last week and 201 for the week previous. This includes both tho United States and Canada, thirty-three failures occurring during the last week in the Dominion. The Bailwav Department of Canada is engaged in examining and appraising the roll-ing-stock and machinery used in constructing tho British Columbia Section of the Pacific Road, which the Government is bound to purchase.

FOREIGN.

The Servian and Bulgarian trobps continue to indulge in desultory conflicts along the frontier. The depression in the shipbuilding trade on the Clyde is increasing. The Indian Government has formally declared war against Burmah, with the sanction of Queen Victoria, and sent forward an invading army of 15,000 men. London factory girls mobbed Mr. Charles Edward Lewis, M. P., and, as the dispatches state, treated him “in a most shameful manner. ” Mr. Gladstone, m a speech at Edinburgh, expressed his ignorance of an attempt to make church disestablishment a test question. He thought it impossible for Parliament to deal satisfactorily with the Irish issue except through a party sufficiently powerful to ignore the Irish vote. Descending to personalities, he denied that he felled trees on Sundays or owned land in Russia. The British Government has ordered that Mr. Stead, editor of the Pall Mall Gazette, receive treatment as a first-class misdemeanant while iu prison. This is a mark of consideration for the convicted editor. The Emporer of China is reported to bo now favorably disposed toward railroad enterprises in his dominion, and ready to aid an American syndicate with subsidies. Two wars are now being waged in the old world. The Servians have invaded Bulgaria and the British have invaded Burmah. The Servians want to. seize and annex a part of Bulgaria becauso Southern Bulgaria has annexed itself to Northern Bulgaria. The British covet Burmah for the additional trade it will give them and the trade route it will afford them into China. Great relief committees have been formed to assist tho Russian Poles, compelled to leave Prussia because of Bismarck’s continued enforcement of his edict of exile. Great suffering exists among the Poles, who in some cases are ordered to leave by thousands. The marriage of the Infanta Eulalie of Spain to the son of tho Due de Montpensier is fixed for Feb. 11. Trains loaded with soldiers are constantly leaving Philippopolis for the front. The meu of the national guard have been summoned to join their commands. Prince Alexander complains that the Servean agent in Bulgaria withheld for eight hours the declaration of war. Russian newspapers declare that the Czar can not permit Bulgaria and Servia to tear each other to pieces. The Sultan has contracted with a steamship line for the transportatiofl-'. of thirty more battalions from Asia Minor to European Turkey, England has assured the Porte of her intention to do her utmost to preserve the integrity of Turkey. The Bulgarian government has asked Turkey for assistance. A dispatch from Belgrade days that the immediate reason for Servia’s declaration of war against Bulgaria was a fight between troops of the two countries near Vlosina. The Servian forces have captured Trn and occupied the heights. * ■ , ~

LATER NEWS IETMS.

Louis Riel was hanged at Begina at 8:23 o’clock on the morning of the 17th, and died almost without a struggle. His executioner was one Jack Henderson, who was a prisoner of Riel in 1870. The body was temporarily buried at the foot of the scaffold, but will be removed in a few days to St Boniface Cemetery at Winnipeg, there to rest by the side of his father. The execution caused great excitement in the Province of Quebec. At Quebec and Montreal men were seen on the streets wearing crape on their hats and on their coat-sleeves, and incendiary hand-bills calling for meetings were distributed. Flags bearing signs of mourning were hung at halfmast, and special pictures and decorations in windows attracted large crowds. Students paraded the streets execrating Orangemen, but no breaches of the peace are reported. Iu Ontario the feeling appeared to obtain that Riel got his deserts. Eleven hangings are to take place in the Dominion of Canada within the next six weeks. * Dispatches from Belgrade state that the Servian troops have captured four Bulgarian redoubts. The Servians are marching on Sofia, but the Bulgarians are contesting every inch of ground. Turkey refuses to interfere in the quarrel. The London press severely criticises Servia for issuing the declaration of war. The Bussian press, in commenting on the Balkin question, abuse Austria equally with England. The steamer Doowoon, recently sent to Mandalay, the capital of Burmali, to bring away the European residents detained there by the Burmese Government, has escaped from there and reached the British lines. A ward in chancery, heiress to an estate worth £BO,OOO, eloped recently with the steward of her guardian. Her lover was a middle-aged man, with a wife and six children. The guilty pair wero captured in Ireland and taken back to the place in Scotland whence they fled. The man is locked up on a charge of abduction. Judge Durham, First Comptroller of the Currency, has decided that each United States Marshal is entitled to compensation amounting to $6,000 a year, provided tho fees of his office amount to that sum after paying his deputies and all other office expenses. Deputy Marshals, ho decides, are entitled to three-fourths of their earnings after deducting necessary expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties. The issue of the standard silver dollars from the mints during the week ending Nov. 14 was 628,117; during tho corresponding period last year, 448,991. The shipment of fractional silver coin from Nov. 2 to Nov. 14 amounted to $317,446. At Pittsburg on Monday the National Rabbinical Convention of the Reformed Hebrew Church was called to order to consider the propriety of abolishing many of the traditional features of the Jewish religion, such, for example, as the belief of the orthodox Hebrews that they are all to go back to Jerusalem. A public school-house at Kittanning, Fa., valued at $30,000, was destroyed by flames arising from natural gas. A fire in the Springfield School at Pittsburg was extinguished with a loss of $5,000. Three hundred children were moved out uninjured. 001. H. W. Bogers, a United States Deputy Marshal, was shot and fatally wounded by some one on the street while standing near tho window in the court house at Harlan, Ky. His assassin is supposed to he a moonshiner. A negro named Noah Cherry, who murdered a white school girl in Princess Anne County, Va., was lynched by residents of the vicinity. Ten converts made by the Salvation Army were on Sunday baptized in the Merrimao River at Lowell, a crowd of five thousand throwing stones and howling like wild beasts. Engineers and firemen on the Rock Island Road report seeing apparitions and hearing groans at the tunnel near La Salle, where no less than forty persons have lost their lives.

THE MARKETS.

NEW YORK. • Beeves $4.00 @ 6.00 Hogs 3.50 @ 4.25 Wheat—No. 1 White 97 © .99 No. 2 Red 94 @ ,95 Cobh—No. 2 53 @ .55 Oats—White 34 @ .39 Pobk—Mess 10.00 @11.50 CHICAGO. Beeves—Choice to Prime Steers. 5.50 @ 6.00 Good Shipping 4.50 @ 5.25 Common 3.25 @ 3.75 Hogs 3. 50 © 4.00 Floub—Extra Spring 5.00 @ 5.50 Choice Winter 4.50 @ 5.25 Wheat—No. 2 Red Winter 90 @ .92 Cobn—No. 2 43 @ .44% Oats—No. 2 26 @ Vl' Rye—No. 2 60 @, .62 Babley—No. 2 66 @ .68 Butteb—Choice Creamery .21 @ .24 Fine Dairy 16 @ .18 Cheese—Full Cream, new io @ .10 ’2 Skimmed Flats .06%@ .07% Eggs—Fresh 20 @ .21 Potatoes —Car-lots, per bu 45 @ .52 Pobk—Mess 8.50 @ 9.00 MILWAUKEE. Wheat—No. 2 87 @ .88 Cobn—No. 2 44 @ .45 Oats—No. 2 26 @ .27 Rye—No. 1 60 @ .62 Pobk—New Mess 9.50 @IO.OO TOLEDO. Wheat—No. 2 \94 @ .95 Cobn—No. 2 44 @ .45 Oats—No. 2 26 @ .27 ST. LOUIS. Wheat—No. 2 Red 92%@ .93% Cobn—Mixed 39 "@ .40 Oats—Mixed ,26%@ .27% Pobk—New Mess 9.50 *@lo.oo ” CINCINNATI Wheat—No. 2 Red 91 @ .92 Cobn—No. 2 45 @ .46 Oats—Mixed 28 @ .29 Rye—No. 2 .66 @ .66 Pobk—Mess • 9.25 @ 9.75 DETROIT. Beee Cattle 4.25 @ 5.25 Hogs ....j &25 @3.75 Sheep i 8.00 @4.00 Wheat—No. 1. White........ 91 @ .92 Cobn—No. 2 47 @ .49 Oats—No. 2 29 @ .32 INDIANAPOLIS. Wheat—No. 2 Red 91 @ .92 Cobn—Mixed 42 @ .44 Oats—No. 2 .26 @ .28 EAST LIBERTY. Cattle—Best. , 6.00 @ 5.50 Fair ..... 8.75 @ 4.50 Common 8.25 @ 3.75 Hogs 8.50 @.4.00 Sheep. 3.50 @4.50 BUFFALO. Wheat—No. 1 Hard 1.00 @ 1.01 Cobn 48 @ .49 Cattle 4.25 5.75

THE INDIAN PROBLEM.

Friends of the Untutored Savage Lay His Grievances Before the Great Father. The President and Secretary Lamar Outline the Indian Policy of the Administration* The members of the committee appointed at the Lake Mohonk Conference to call on the President and the Secretary of the Interior were very much pleased by their reception by both functionaries, though neither unreservedly assented to all that the committee asked, and the Secretary differed radically from the committee in certain important particulars. Gen. Clinton B. Fisk headed the delegation, and presented the members to the President. Hon. Erastus Brooks, of New York, read an address embodying the views of the conference as to the best methods of improving the condition of the Indians. He reminded the President of his remarks on this subject in his inaugural, in which he said the Indians should be “fairly and honestly treated as wards of the Government, and their education and civilization promoted with a view to their ultimate citizenship.” He also recalled the words of Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson in her death-bed letter to the President, to wit: “I am dying happier for tho belief that it is your hand that is destined to strike the first steady blow toward righting the wrongs of the Indian race.” The questions, Mr. Brooks said, which seemed to them to demand most immediate attention are those relating to land and education, homes and families. What is now needed in regard to lands, he said, is severalty and individuality, with the protection of law for persons and families. This would result in settlements, in homes, and in land cultivation, and in that way make the Indian a self-supporting citizen, endowed with all the rights, privileges and duties of citizenship. The proof of the ability of the Indian to work profitably for himself and for the Government is found, said he, in the fact that those who are the most civilized now have under cultivation more than 250,000 acres of land, upon which in a year was raised 1,000,000 bushels of corn, 1,000,000 bushels of wheat, and nearly 1,000,000 bushels of oats and barley, besides 103,000 head of cattle, 1,000,000 sheep, 235,000 horses and mules, and 68,000 swine. These figures, he said, do not include the products of 60,000 civilized Indians, ready for Territorial government. The speaker dwelt eloquently upon the evil effects of the lack of laws to protect the Indians, and said they needed just what the white man has—the force of law in their behalf and the freedom of the ballot. To secure these ends, it was urged that the tribal relations and reservations be abolished, and the diffusion as speedily as possible of the Indian in the United States encouraged, so that he may secure, by association with his white brethren, pure civilization and full citizenship. Remarks were also made by Rev. Lyman Abbott, Mr. M. E. Gates and Gen. Fisk, each of whom advocated the abolition of the present system of Indian reservations, and favored the adoption of a policy in regard to them similar to that so successfully employed in the case of the colored population.

The President listened attentively to the speakers, and assured them of his deep interest in the Indian question. He reviewed briefly the many difficulties encountered in dealing with the question, which he acknowledged was a very important one, and said the great trouble to his mind was as to the first practical steps to be taken in improving the condition of the Indian. Shall we give more schools and churches, and agricultural implements for use on their reservations, or shall we deed them lands in Severalty and leave them to their own resource? One trouble be found was to get rid of the influences of the old chiefs. Then, again, if we leave them to themselves, and one gets hungry, a loud cry goes up that they are starving. How are we to get the Indians to mingle with the whites? We certainly cannot drive them off their reservations. Is it better to keep them under tutelage where they are, or could their civilization be better accomplished in some other way? “The question is surrounded with difficulties,” continued the President, “and the most important consideration to my mind at present is, ‘What is the most useful thing to be done?”’ He said that while it might not be well for the cause to disturb the Indians in their present homes, he said that their reservations would ultimately be given to them in severalty, and the Indians thrown on their resources. The President reminded the committee ■that the cause which they advocated wouldrequire years to consummate, but intimated that he hoped to be able to make a beginning in the right direction during the remaining years of his administration. ‘ The committee after leaving the White House proceeded to the Interior Department, where they had a long interview with Secretary Lamar, and through their chairman presented him a written statement of the view of the conference. In reply to a brief address by General Fisk, Secretary Lamar said he would, in his forthcoming annual report, acknowledge his obligation to the philanthropic and benevolent associations and individuals in the work he had to carry on. The ultimate object was the civilization of the Indian. A crisis had been reached in the history of that race that must be met by some methods different from those heretofore pursued. His own knowledge df the Indian’s wants was as yet too limited to permit him to formulate a general policy adapted to the present and the exigencies of the future. The process must be one of improving the Indian out of his present condition into civilization, and it would be a gradual process. The first point should be to secure their reservations to them (either as now located or compressed into a smaller space) in fee simple so that their title shall be inviolable. At the same time he did not advocate th > division of the entire reservation among the Indians, and believed the abandonment of the reservation system at this time would be premature. It was the end to be sought, but the first step would be, after bringing the Indians, with their consent, into limits proportionate with their numbers, to protect them from the destructive influences of the stronger civilization surrounding them. Whites should be rigorously excluded, and whgn the reservations had bean partially subdivided a considerable portipn ought to be IfepE undivided and undistributed. .In • the' transition state the tribal system must be adhered to.'