Democratic Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 21, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 19 June 1885 — Page 3

GRANT’S LIFE.

Extracts from the General’s Personal Memoirs—'The Interview with Lincoln. Hia Peculiar Feelings Just Before the First Battle Humorously Described. How Chattanooga Was Saved-The Wilderness Campaign-Vari-ous Other Anecdotes. The crowning work of Gen. Grant’s life—hl3 personal memoirs, written by himself—ls ijow practically complete, and in the hands of the publishers. There will be two volumes, of 500 pages each. The first will contain the family genealogy and a history of the General's boyhood and youth. It will have for frontispiece an ensraving of Lieut U. S. Grant at the age of 21. The second volume deals mainly with the ■events of the war of the rebellion. The text will be freely illustrated by plans and maps showing the maneuvers cf the armies on the various fields of battle. The volume treats of the battle of Chattanooga, Hooker’s fight above the clouds on Lookont Mountain, and all the ■subsequent operations up to the great battle of the Wilderness. The capture of Atlanta, Sherman’s march to the sea, and his operations in Georgia, North and South Carolina, as well as Sheridan’s raid down the Shenandoah Valley and his victory at Five Forks, Are described. The Appomattox campaign, culminating with the final scene of Lee’s surrender at McLean’s house, is graphically told. The apple-tree legend and the story of Lee’s sword are authentically settled. The first volume contains little of ’interest. The story of Grant’s early life as told by himself Is conventional and quite devoid of exciting incident But in the second volume, where the memoirs ■deal with the thrilling events of the war, the simple, lucid style in which the work is written is pleasing, and the interest never fiaga F'rom advance sheets of the work the following extracts are taken: Writing of 1861, Gen. Grant says: ‘‘Going home for a day or two soon after a conversation with Gen. Pope, I wrote from Galena the following letter to the Adjutant General of the army: _ “Galena, 111. May 21,18C1. Col. L. Thomas, Adjutant General U. S. A., Washington, D. C.: “ Sir— Having served for fifteen years in the regular army, including four years at West Point, and feeling it the duty of every one who has been educated at the Government expense to offer his services for the support of that Government, I have the honor very respectfully to tender my services until the close of the war in such capacity as may be offered. I would say, in view of my present age and length of service, I feel myself competent to command a regiment if the President in his judgment should see fit to intrust one tome. Since the first call of the President I have been serving on the staff of the Governor of this State, rendering such aid as I could in the organization of our State militia, and am still engaged in that •capacity. A letter addressed to me at Springfield, 111., will reach me. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. Grant.” Gen. Grant, describing his firEt battle in the civil war, says: "As soon as the enemy saw us they decamped as fast as their horses would carry them. I kept my men in the ranks and forbade their entering any of the deserted houses or taking anything from them. We halted at night on the road and proceeded the next morning at an early hour. Harris had been encamped in a creek bottom for the sake of being near water. The hills on either side of the creek extend to a considerable height, possibly more than 100 feet. As we approached the brow of the hill, from which it was expected we could see Harris’ ■camp and possibly find his men ready formed to meet us, my heart kept getting higher and higher, until it felt to me as though it was in my throat. I would have given anything then to have been back in Illinois, but I had not the moral courage to halt and consider what to do. I kept right on. When we reached a point from which the valley below was in full view 1 halted. The place where Harris had been encamped a few days befone was still there, and the marks •of a recent cm ampment were plainly visible, but the troops were gone. My heart resumed its place. It occurred to me at once that Harris had been as much afraid of me as I had been of him. This was a view of the question I had never taken before, but it was one I never forgot afterward. F'rom that event to the close of the war I never experienced trepidation on confronting an enemy. “At the battle cf Belmont, fearing that the enemy we had seen crossing the river below might be coming upon us unawares, I rode out in the field to our front—still entirely alone —to observe whether the enemy was passing. The field was grown up with com so tall and thick as to cut off the view of even a person on horseback, except directly along the rows. Even in that direction, owing to the ■overhanging blades of com, the view was not extensive. 1 had not gone more than a few hundred yards when I saw a body of troops marching past me not forty yards away. I looked at them for a moment, and then turned my horse toward the river, and started back, first in a walk, and when I thought myself con■cealed from the view of the enemy as fast as my horse could carry me. When at the river bank I still had to ride a few hundred vards to the point where the nearest transport lay. The corn-field in front of onr transports terminated at the edge of a dense forest. Be ore I got back the enemy had entered this forest and had opened a brisk fire upon the boats. Onr men, with the exception •of details that had gone to the front after the wounded, were now either aboard the transports or very near them. Those who were not on board soon got iher.\ and the beats pushed off. F was the only man of the national army between t:e rebels and our tramp, rts. The Captain of a boat that had just pushed out, but had not starred, recognized me, and ordered the engineer not to start the engine. He then had a plapk ran out for me. Mv horse seemed to take in the situation. There was no pa h down the bank, and every one acquainted with the Mis-al-sippi knows that its banks in a natural state do not vary at any great angle from the perpendicular. My horse put his fore feet over the bank without hesitation or urging, and with his hind feet well tinder him slid down the bank and trotted aboard the boat, twelve or fifteen feet away, ■over a single gang plank. I dismounted and went at once to the upper deck. “The description of the battle of Shiloh given by Col. William Preston Johnston is very graphic and well told. The reader will imagine that he can see at each blow struck a demoralized and broken mob of Federal soldiers, each blow sending the enemy more demoralized than ever toward the Tennessee River, which was a little more than two miles away at the beginning of the onset. If the reader does not stop to inquire why, with such Confederate success for more than twelve hours of hard fighting, the national troops were not all killed, captured, -or driven into the river, he will regard the penpictnre as perfect. But I witnessed the fight from the national side from 8 o’clock in the snorning until night closed the contest, and I t»ee but little in the description that l ean recognize. The Confederate troops fought well, and deserve commendation enough for their bravery and endurance on the 6th of April Without detraction from their antagonists or claiming anything more than their due. In an article on the battle of Shiloh which 1 wrote for the Century Magazine I stated that Gen. A. McD. McCook, who commanded a division of Buell’s army, expressed some unwillingness to pursue the enemy on Monday, April 7, because of the condition of the troops. Gen. Badeau also, in his history, makes the same state.'cent on my authority. In justice to Gen. McCook and his command, I must say that they left a point twenty-two miies east of Savannah •on the morning of the 6th. From the heavy rains of a few days previous, and the passage of trains and artillery, the roads were necessarily deep in mud, which made marching slow. The division had not only marched through this mud the day before, but it bad been in the rain all night without rest. It was engaged in the battle of the second day, and did as good service as its position allowed. In fact, an opportunity occurred for It to perform a conspicuous act of gallantry, which elicited the highest commeudai ion from division commanders in the Army of the Tennessee. Gen. Sherman, In both his memoirs and report, makes mention of this fact. Gen. • McCook himself belonged to a family which

furnished many volunteers to the army. I refer to these circumstances with minuteness because I did Gen. McCook injustice in my article in the Century, though not to the extent one would suppose from the public press. lam not willing to do any one an injustice, and if convinced that I have done one I am willing to make the fullest confession. “The campaign of Vicksburg was suggested and developed by circumstances. The elections of 1862 had gone against the prosecution of the war. Volunteen enlistments had nearly ceased and the draft had been re sorted to. This was resisted and a defeat or backward-movement, would have made its execution impossible. A forward movement to decisive victory was nece-sary. Accordingly, 1 resolved to get below Vicksburg, unite with Banks against Port Hudson, make New Orleans a base, and. wtth that base and Grand Gulf as a starting point, move onr combined forces f gainst Vicksburg. Upon Teaching Grand Gulf, after running its batte ies and fighting a battle, 1 received a letter trom Ban’s in'orming me th >t he could not be ac Port Hudson under ten days, and tneu with cnlv f.fteen thousand men. The time was worth more than the re-enforcemeats. I therefore determined to push into the interior of the enemy's country. With a large river behind ns, held above and below by the enemy, rapid movem nts were essential to success. Jackson was captured the day after a new commander had arr.ved and when large re-enforce-ments were daily expected. A rapid movement west was made, and the garrison of Vicksburg was met in five battles and badly defeated. I he city was then successlully b s eged." Following is an account of Gen. Grant's appointment as Lieutenant General: “My commission as Lieutenant General was given to me on the 9th of March, 1864. On the following day 1 visited Gen. Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac, at his headquarters at Biandy Station, near the Rapidan. I had known Gen. Meade slightly in the Mexican war, but had not met him since until this visit. I was a stranger to most of the Army of the Potomao-’I might say to all, except the officers of the regular army who had served in the Mexican war. There had been some changes'ordered in the organization of that army before my promotion. One whs the consolidation of five corps into three, thus throwing some officers of rank out of important commands. Meade evidently thought 1 might want to make still one more ehange not yet ordered. He said to me that I might want an officer who had served with me at the West, mentioning Sherman especially, to take his place. If so, he begged me not to hesitate about making the change.” No reminiscence of war history will be read with greater interest than Gen. Grant’s account of his first meeting witn Mr. Lincoln, and Mr. Lincoln’s charge to him: “Although hailing from Illinois myself, the State of the Pres dent, I had never met Mr. Lincoln until called to the capital to receive my commission as Lieutenant General. I knew him, however, very well and favorably from the accounts given by officers under me at the West who had known him all their lives. I had also read the remarkable course of debates between Lincoln and Douglas a few years before, when they ivere rival candidates for the United States Senate. I was then a resident of Missouri, and by no means a ‘ Lincoln man’ in th«t contest, but I recognized his great ability. In my first interview with Mr. Lincoln alone he stated that he had never professed to be a military man or to know how campaigns should be conducted, and never wanted to interfere with them, but that procrastination on the part of the commanders and the pressure of the people at the North and of Cong.ress, which, like the poor, he “had always with him,’ had forced him into issuing his well-known series of ‘executive orders.' He did not know but they were all wrong, and did not doubt but some of them were. All he wanted, or ever had wanted, waß that some one would take the responsibility and act, and call on him for all the assistance needed.” Of the Wilderness campaign the General says: “Operating as we were in an enemy s country, and supplied always from a distant base, large detachments had at all times to be sent from the front, not only no guard the base of supplies and the roads leading to it. but all the roads leading to our banks and rear. We were also operating in a country unknown I o us, and without competent guides or maps showing the roads accurately. Estimating Lee's strength in the same manner as ours, the enemy had not less than eighty thousand men at the start. His re-enforcements during the campaign were about equal to ours dt ducting our discharged men and those sent back, Lee was on toe defensive and in a country in which every stream, every road, every obstacle to the movements of troops, and every natural defense was familiar to him and his army. The citizens were all friendly to him and his cause, and could and did furnish him with accurate reports of our every movement. Rear guards were not necessary for him, and, having always a railroad at his back, large wagon trains were not required. All circumstances considered, we did not have any advantage of numbers. On the morning of the 7th we sent out pickets and skirmishers along our entire front to discover the position of the enemy. Some wentas far as a mile and a half before finding him. But Lee showed no disposition to come out. There was no battle during the day and but little firing, except in Warren's front about midday. Warren was directed to make a reconnoissance in force. This drew some sharp firing, but there was no attempt on the part of the rebels to drive them back. This ended the battle of the Wilderness. More severe fighting has not been witnessed on this continent than that of the 6th and 6th of May, 1864. Our victory consisted in having successfully crossed a formidable stream almost in the face of the enemy, and in getting the army together afterward as a unit. We gained an advantage on tre morning of the 6th which, if it had been followed up, must have proven very decisive. In the evening the enemy gained an advantage, but was speedily repulsed. As we stood at the close, the two armies were relatively in about the same condition to meet each other as wheD the river had divided them, but the fact of safely crossing was a victory. Our losses in the battle ot the Wilderness were ,2,261 killed, 8,785 wounded, and 2,902 missing-probably nearly all the latter captured by the enemy." Gen. Grant thus describes Gen. Lee’s surrender: “1 found Gen. Lee had been brought into our lines and conducted to a house belonging to a Mr. McLean, and was there with one of his staff officers waiting mv arrival. The head of his column was occupying a hill, a portion of which was an apple orchard, across the little valley from the Court House. Sheridan’s forces were drawn up in line of battle on the crest of the hill, on the south side of the same valley. Before stating what took place between Gen. Lee and myself, I will give all there is of the narrative of Gen. Lee ana the famous apple tree. Wars produce many stories of fiction, some of which are told until they are believed. The war of the rebeliion was fruitful in the same way. The story of the apple tree is one of those fictions, with a slight foundation of fact. “As I have said, there was an apple orchard on the side of the hill occupied by the Confederate forces. Running diagonally up the hill was a wagon road, which at one point ran very near one of the trees, so that the wheels on that side had cut off the roots of the tree, which made a little embankment, Gen. Babcock reported to me that when he met Gen. Lee he was sitting upon the embankment, with his feet on the road, and leaning against the tree. It was then that Lee was- conducted into the house, where I first met him. I had known Gen. Lee- in the old army, and had served with him in the Mexican war, but did not suppose, owing to the differences in our ages and rank, that he would probably remember me, while 1 would remember him more distinctly because he was the chief engineer on the staff of General Scott in the Mexican war. When I left camp that morning I had not expected the result so soon that was then taking place, and, consequently, was in rongh garb, and without a sword, as I usually was when on horseback on the field, wearing a soldier’s blouse for a coat, with shoulder-straps of my rank to indicate who I was to the army. When I went into the house 1 found Gen. Lee. We greeted each other, and after shaking hands took onr seats. What his feelings wore Ido not know. Being a man of much dignity, and with an Impenetrable face, it was impossible to say wfiether he felt inwardly glad the end had finally come, or whether he felt sadly over the result and was too manly to show it. Whatever his feelings, they were entirely concealed from observation; but my own feelings, which had been quite apparent on the receipt of bis lett r, were sad and depressed. I felt like anything rather than rejoic ng at the downfall of a foe that had fought so long and gallantly, and had suffered so mnch for a cause which I believed to be one of the worst for which a people ever fought, and for which there was not the least pretext. Ido not question, however, the sincerity of the great mass of those who were opposed to us. Gen. Lee was dressed in full uniform, entirely new, and wearing a aword of considerable value;

very Mkely the aword that had been presented by the Btate es Virginia. At all events, it was an entirely different aword from the one that would ordinarily be worn in the field. In my rough traveling suit, which was the uniform of a private with the straps of a General, I must have contrasted very strangely with a man so handsomely dressed, six feet high, and of faultless form. But this was not a matter that 1 thought of until afterward. Gen. Lee and 1 soon fell into a conversation about old army times. He remarked that he remembered me very well in the old army, and I told him, as a matter of course, I rememoered him perfectly, but owing to-the ditlerem-e in years—there being about sixteen years difference in onr ages -and our rank. I thought it very likely I had not attracted his attention sufficiently to be remembered after suth a long period. Our conversation grew so pleasant that I almost forget the object of onr meeting. Gen. Lee at that time was accompanied by one ot hi-* staff officers, a Col. Mar-hall. I had all of my staff with me, a good portion of whom were in the room during the interview." This is Grn. Giant’s account of how Chattanooga was saved: “On receipt of Mr. Dana's dispatch Mr. Stanton s nt ft r me. Finding that I was out he became nervous : nrt excited, inqubing of every person he met, including guests of the house, whether i hey knew where I was, and bidding them find me and send me to him at once. About II o'clock I returned to the hotel, and on my way, when near the house, every person I met was a messenger from the Secretary, apparently partaking of his impatience to see me. I hastened to the room of the Secretary, and found him pacing the floor rapidly in aoout the garb Mr. Jefferson Davis was wearing subsequently when he was captured—a dressing gown, but without the shawl and sunbonnet. tie showed the dispatch, saying that the retreat must be prevented. 1 immediately wrote an order assuming command of the Military Division of the Mississppi and telegraphed it to Gen. lioseerans. 1 1 hen telegraphed him the order from Washington assigning to Thomas the command of the Army of the Cumberland, and to Thomas that he must hold Chattanooga at all hazards.” Here Is a funny story about Gen. Bragg, which Gen. Grant tells in his characteristically simple way: “1 have heard a story in the old army very characteristic of Bragg. On one occasion, when stationed at a post of several companies, commanded by a field officer, he was himself commanding one of the companies, and at the same time acting Post Quartermaster and Commissary. He was a First Lieutenant at the time, but his Captain was detached to other duty. As commander of the comi any, he made a requisition upon the Quartermaster (himself) for something he wanted. As Quartermaster he declined to fill the requisition, and indorsed on the back of it his reason for so doing. As corn) any commander he responded to this, urging that his requisition called for nothing but wiiat he was entitled to, and i hat it was the duty of the Quartermaster to fill it The Quartermaster still persisted that he was right. In this condition of affairs Bragg referred the whole matter to the commanding officer. The latter, when he saw’ the nature of the matter referred,exclaimed: ‘My God, Mr. Bragg, you have quarreled with every officer in the army, and now you are quarreling with yourself!' Lc ngstreet was an entirely different man"

METHODIST EPISCOPAL VISITATION.

Plan for the Fall Conferences Adopted by the Board of Ilishops at St. Louis. Conference. Place. Date. Bishop. Utah Mis.... Park City.Utah..July 2... Warren. MontanaMis.Dillon. M. T July 9.. Walden. ColumbiaßivSpok’cFallsW.T.July 18. .Walden. Idaho CanyonCity.Orc.July 30.. Walden. PugetPound.Taacoma.W T.. Aug, 13.. Walden. Colorado ...Pueblo, Col .. ..Aug. 20... Andrews Bl’k HillsMisßaplds City, D.TAug. 20 .Ninde. Nevada Mis. Bishop's Cr.,Nev.Aug. 20. .Fowler. Indiana Spencer, Ind Aug. 27.. Harris. Oregon Roseburg, Ore... Aug. 27.. Walden. .Tapan ToU io, J apan.... Aug. 27.. NWSwedishDa-vton, lowa....Sept. 3.. Bowman. Cincinnati.. Cincinnati,, Ohio. Sept. 3.. Harris. N. Ohio Berea, Ohio Sept. 3.. Merrill. N. Nebraska.Ponca, Neb Sept. 3.. Andrews. N.W.lndianaValparaiso, Ind. .Sept 3. .Foss. W. German.. Clay to n ia, N e b... Sept. 3.. N inde. California.. .Stockton, Ca 1.... Sept. 3.. Fowler. Norwegian <fc Danish... .Cambridge, Wis..Sept.lO. .Bowman. CenGerman .Columbus, Ohio. Sept. 10.. Harris. Erie Shat on, l’a Scpt.lo. Merrill. W.Neb Mis.. Kearney, Neb... .Sept. 10.. Andrews. Detroit Pontiac, Mich... Sept. 10.. Warren. Si. LouisGer.St. l.ouls. M 0... Sept. 10.. Foss. lowa Mt. Pleasant, la. Sept. 10..Ninde. S. California. Santa Barbara.. Sept, 10..Powler. Chicago tier. Manitowoc, Wis. Sept 17.. Bowman Cen. Ohio...Fostoria, 0hi0... Sept. 17.. Harris. E. 0hi0..... .Barnesviile, O..Se.pt. 17.. Foster. Pittsburgh ..Allegheny City.. Sept. 17.. Merrill. Nebraska....SeWartJ, Neb.... Sept, 17.. Andrews Michigan.... Gd. Bap., Mich.. Sept. 17.. Warren. Des Moines..DesMoines, la.. Sept. 17..F055. Illinois Rushville, 111• ■ • .Sept. 17..Ninde. N. Dak.Mis.Wahpeton,D.T..Sept 17.. Walden. Arizona Mis..Tuckson, Ariz’a. Sept. 17.. Fowler. W. Wiscon’n.Dodgeville, Wis. Sept. 24..80wman S.E.lndiana.Brookville, In'd. .Sept. 2*. .Harris. Ohio Delaware, O Sept. 24.. Foster. W. Virginia..Charleston,W.VaSept. 24.. Merrill. N.W. Germ’nLe Seuer, Minn. • Sept. 24.. Andrews Cen. Illinois.Fairbury, 11l .. .Sept. 24.. Warren. N. W. lowa..Storm Lake, la.. Sept. 24,.F055. S. Illinois....Edwardsville,lllSept. 24..Ninde. N.M.Mis (S.i.Peralta, N. M.... Sept. 24..F0w1er. N.China Mis.Pekin, Cnina... .Sept. 24.. Wisconsin... Waukesha, Wis. Oct. 1.. Bowman. Kentucky... .Covington, Ify.. Oct. 1. .Harris. Minnesota,. .Rochester, Minn. Oct. 1.. Andrews U pper lowa .Toledo, 10wa.... Oct. 1.. W arren. Genesee Lima, N. Y Oct. 1.. Hurst. Bine Ridge..Gastonia, N. C.. Oct. L.Mallalieu N. Mex. Mis. Santa Fe. N. M. .Oct. 1.. Fowler. Bulgaria Rustchuk, Bui...Oct. 1 Cen. N. York. Syracuse, N. Y.. Oct. 8.. Merrill, Dakota, Mis. Blunt, D. T Oct. 8.. Foss. Rock River. .Elgin. 11l Oct. 8.. Fowler, Holston JohnsonC’y.Ten.Oct. 15.. Hurst. Cen. Tenn.. .Tullahoma,Tenn. Oct. ls..Mallalieu Cen.ChinaM.Kiukiang, China. Oct 15.. F, Tennessee. Knoxville, Tenn. Oct. 22.. Hurst. Tennessee... Gallatin, Tenn... Oct. 22.. Mall alien S. German...SanAntonio.Tex.Nov. 19.. Foster. Foochow Foochow, China. Nov. 19.. South India.. Bombay, India.. Nov. 19.. Georgia ...Ellijay, Ga Nov. 19..MaMalleu Texas..„*....Houston, Tex... Nov. 26.. Foster. Alabama Edwardsville....Nov. 26..Mailalieu West Texas. .Austin, Texas. ..Dec. 3.. Foster. Savannah.... Savannah, Ga.. Dec. 3..Mallalleu Austin Denton, Texas.. Dec. 10.. Foster. Cen. Ala Mobile, A1a.... Dec. 10..Mallalieu William M. Harris, Secretary.

A MOMENT WITH A METEOR.

Colored People in Texas Thought the Day of Judgment was at Hand. [Sherman (Texas) special.] A meteor of remarkable size was seen near midnight last night, moving in a southwesterly direction. The sky was brilliantly illuminated by it for several seconds. A moment after the meteor had disappeared a loud explosion, similar to the discharge of heavy artillery, was heard, accompanied by a perceptible shock. This phenomenon was followed by a rumbling like distant thunder. The meteor appeared to be about the size of a flour barrel. It was also observed at McKinney, thirty-five miles distant, where a hissing sound was heard, greatly alarming some colored people who were returning from a prayer meeting and causing them to tike to flight, shouting thijt the day of judgment had come.

MURDERED BY APACHES.

Five More Victims Added to tlie Bloody List. [Tombstone (Arizona) dispatch.] C. T. Nightingale, just arrived from Macasoriand Sonora, Mexico, says: Three American miners—Fred Huntington, Peter McCurton, and Peter Palmer—were killed by Apaches at a mine May 27. The bodies of McCurton and Palmer were found in a dump box, shot through the head. Huntington’s body was found at the bottom of a shaft Two other men, whose names are unknown, were killed by the Apaches on the Opoto trail about a week previous.

GATH WRITES OF INDIANA.

The Influences Which Determined the Growth of the Hoosier State. Indianapolis in Macy Bespects a Peculiar City —The Old Town of Vincennes —The State’s Public Mon. [Letter in Cincinnat i Enquirer J It was the custom thirty years ago to allude to the State of Indiana as if it were something between Arkansas and North Carolina. The pride of Virginians and Kentuckians, of Ohioans and Illinoisans found consolation in reflecting upon these former three States as without the so.ial basis of their own—the poor white commonwealths of the Union. As late as 1885 a history of Kentucky went oatside of its scope and purpose to show that “a land company imported, in the seventeenth century, to the waters of Pimlico and Albemarle Sounds the worst, by far the worst, population of any brought to America, from whom have come the sand-hillers, crackers, dirt-eat-ers, red-necks, etc., of the South. The western march of this unhappy mongrel people,” says the author, “passed south of Kentucky, and thev then crossed the country from the Carolina coast to Central Arkansas and Soathern Missouri." Persons who have noted the social and political Improvement of what ware called the poor white States since the rebellion have also observed how necessary it has been for more pretentions States which have fallen back in the race to keep alive these ancient and vague illusions. The history of Indiana Illustrates the motto that “Honor and shame from no condition rise.” No State in the Union has come out stronger in biography, .n the contrasts of type and character and in real monuments of towns, architectures, and convenience ', than Indiana since the beginning of the civil war. Within her binders were large Ingredients from the slave States, and Sonthei n Indiana for manv years continued to import and export slaves. Into Indiana went a large Virg.nia and Kentucky element, but probably a larger Carolina element, with occasional notable arrivals from Tennessee. The.e was also in Indiana a small but well-marked French element, not only at Vincennes and other spots in the Houth, but in the northeast, toward Canada and Detroit. Pennsylvania gave the first important Northern element to this State, and afterward Ohio began to send forward her second growth of citizens, and within the past twenty years there has been a curious reflex wave of immigration to Indiana from the States to the west of her. An idea was long prevalent that mnch or most of the land of Indiana was inferior, and therefore the larger tides of emigration, taking the water routes by the lakes and the Ohio, went past Indiana. They or their descendants have but reoently discovered that in many cases they obtained worse land by going the further. Indiana has, therefore, grown beyond the expectations of her grandfathers. The census of 1880 portrayed her with about two millions of inhabitants . This was an increase of about one-third in twenty yoars, and of nearly a million of inhabitants added in thirty years. Indiana is the sixth State in the American Union, next below Missouri, andnext above Massachusetts. ThiH State had no general or spiritual incentive, like Ohio, Kansas, and some other Western Sta es. Being closed to slavery by the organic law creating the Northwestern Territory, It did not attract wealthy people from the South, and as it had navigation inferior to other Western States, with their longer line* of lake and more general river systems, it furnished no particular nucleus, such as Chicago, or Cleveland, or St. Louis for a great settlement. It was not colonized by Revolutionary soldiers, co-operating w ith their enterprising officers, as was the case with Ohio, in which it was originally contained. The growth of Indiana was almost secondary; the large towns beyond its exterior furnished the newspapers which were read bv the people of the country, and. therefore, it had but few advertising advantages, the habit being to comment upon it as if it were some inoffensive Egypt. The politics of Indiana was influenced bv the rise and succession of the school of Gen. .lackson, whose warlike nature and humble beginnings greatly recommended him to the plain people there. The State had its own hero, Harrison, who came forward some years afterward and triumphed over Gen. Jackson's successor; but the President dying the scepter again departed from theMoab of the West, and we heard but little of Indiana until the outbreak of the civil war. Two men then appeared of nearly equal force of character and fierce convictions— Jesse D. Bright and Oliver P. Morton. A financier was also developed from the State banking system of Indiana in Hugh McCulloch; a quick and capable Speaker of Congress and subsequent Vive President was Schuyler Colfax, a graceful, skillful and experienced advocate caine also to the front in Thomas A. Hendricks. Indianapolis rose to be one of the most interesting cities in the West, although it had been created by an act of legislative will, and was without any particular advantages, except its centrality. This city has been said to be the largest city in the world, wholly remote from natural lines of communication; it is upon no river that pertains to commerce, and it has grown to be larger than Washington was at the commencement of the civil war, and has probably a stable population of nearly 100,000. Other legislative centers in the West, I ke Columbus, St. Paul, and Denver, have taken root and flourished, but Indianapolis, above all otber capitals is probably the undisputed mispress of Its State In cnmmunications, commerce, and social influence. Indianapolis is the social capital of the more modern history of this State; further back we must seek in cities and towns now partly forgotten for the rulink spirits of the State. Among these towns are Madison, New Harmony, Vin* cennes, Connersville, Brookville, Richmond, aud other places upon the Ohio, the White and the Wabash Rivers. An atlas of Indiana, published as late as 1822, shows next to nothing in threequarters of the whole State; there were only two counties in middle Indiana, nor,h of a point thirty m ies from the Ohio River, and from that point the settlements ran along the eastern and western boundary, and gave the State the appearance of a stocking hung up at Christmas, with all the “goodies" along the sole and ipstep, and nothing in the leg. Indianapolis stood at the highest forks of the White River, with a long name and no neighbors. Vincennes, with an origin anterior to the American possession, had propagated a lew wild counties, but most of the counties and villages of consideration were close to the Ohio River and Ohio line. The city of Cincinnati had an effective influence upon peopling Indiana, through her communications, which were early established, and by reason of the rich limestone valleys and plains about the Miami River, which constitutes the boundary point between Indiana and Ohio. Louisville, which became a place of wealth ana consideration later than Cincinnati, a'so had an influence in the settling of this State, but perhaps the greatest of all influences was the railroad extension through Indiana only a few weeks previous to the great rebellion. Until steam highways were put down in a Stato whose rivers ran the wrong way, or toward the West instead of the East, there was no general understanding or settlement of the Indian commonwealth. It was called Indiana because it was the great Indian land. The population in 1820 was less than 150,000 people, and Delaware County, which had Indianapolis for* its center, and comprised, probably, oneetghth of the whole Btate, had hardly 3,600 people. The Wabash River is to Indiana like a sash tied around a man's body from left to right, and though it is 6 m miles long, its part in the settlement of the Btate has been greater as a drain and fountain than : s a highway. Indiana had no such comprehensive railroad as the Illinois Central to act a* a great forked tree in the Btate, and fill it pith boughs and twigs of population. The National Road, which the Government built far into Ohio, was taken up and carried along subsequently, but not in time to be of mnch benefit to a new community. with the railroad spirit coming so swiftly onward in the rear. In 1826 the Governor said in hia message: “We must strike at the internal improvement of the Btate, or form our minds to remain poor and unacquainted with each other.” No toad was begun from Lake Michigan through Indiana) oils,to Madison on the Ohio until 1839. Two years later a canal was opened from the Wabash to Lake Erie. The panic of 1837 came when Indiana had just launched n comprehensive system of canals. Until about thirteen years before the great civil war the Btate was unable to pay the interest on her internal Improvement debt. The

first railroad in the State was from Madison t» Indianapolis, and It was opened In 18*7; this road was meant to be tue ih es inlet to the State from the region of Cincinnati and the Ohio River. In 1853 a railroad was opened from India! apolls to Louisville, 'ihe Fori Wayne and Chicago Railroad stopped in Ohio » good while, and was not opened throwrh t . Chtcigo until 18.48. The Ohio and Missis fp) i 1 ailioa i, passing through boutrorn. Indians, was not op nod until tno brink of the rebellion; by 1»67 it was running to Vincennes, cut was n t ready for traffic to St- I onis nntil 186 c. The Northern Indiana l!at'ro. d, connecting the Lake Shore with Chicago, Was only oi ened In 1852. indiaua ha i in last more ihan 4,300 miles of railroad, and sine • that time her mileage has inireass'. The con equenc > has been the springing up c f ue w ow n t in ovary i or.ioa of the State, and, pi rh i)>s, more than any State in th' Union. Indiana ha* been created and peopled by 1 er railroa is. Indianapolis itself was only laid out in 1821, and the public ofllie* w renotes.ablished there until 1825, and iho Btate House, rep ntiv oestioyed, was not opened until 1834, when it co<t $60,000. Th") pre ent countv Com t Hot so of Indiana!olis cos; $1,500,000, rts,s iLh'y-tne feet irom the ground. Is three stories hah, and i 5275 feet long, and its tow>.ris 200 feet high. The great Union Depot in that city, which Is about to be built upon a scale corres) on dug to its continental usee, will be one of the chief human centers in the West. To comprehend the origin of Indiana one must go to the old city of Vincennes, which is said to havo been founded as early as 1710, on the Wabash River, some seventy-five miles from its mouth. Until 1813 this post, tort, and town was the capital of Indiana. There can still be seen the Executive mansion of the first Governor, William Henry Harrison. It Is narrated that in the yard of ' this house, whieh stands upon the sloping river bank, Tecumseb, the oolebrated Indian organizer, had resolved to kill Harrison by assassination, in the midst of a council which was held there. The city occupies a healthful plain, adapted to fruit, and many of the houses retain the old F rench appearance; many of the people not only look like Frenchmen of either pure or mixed blood, but they speak the F'rench language, and l*rench immigrants have settled at Vincennes within our own time. The old oathedral in the place, with its graveyard aud conventual surroundings, Is worth a visit. It is said that M. de Vincennes, who gave name to this place, was killed by the Chickasaw Indiana Ills wife could only make her mark, though she was a daughter of the wealthiest o.tlzen of Kaskaskla, which was the French emporium of the Upper Mississippi. Vincennes is older than Savannah, and of the age of Trenton, N. J„ and, if Its date be correctly stated, It Is eight years older than New Orleans. It had been in the English occupation about sixteen years when the Kentuckians occupied it, In 1779, under Gen. George Bogers Clark, whom many consider the true founder of Kentucky. Nearly five years afterward the Northwestern Territory was presented by Virginia to the United States, and Gen. Harmar and Gen. Bt. Clair both visited Vlnoennes, wh'oh was visited by distinguished foreigners. Volney, the traveler, wrote an account of it, and in Its vicinity was established a notable English settlement in Illinois by Bnrbeck and Flower, both authors and men of intrepid moral courage. Gen. Harrison, though historically assigned to the State oi Ohio, began his more public life in Indiana. In Ohio he had been the territorial subordinate of Gov. St. Clair. In Indiana he was himself the Governor at the early age of twenty-seven; the youngest son of one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence; he fought against the Indians in th» West under Schuyler and Wayne, and won a captaincy; and he commanded Cincinnati when It was a frontier fort. Identifying himself with the new West by marriage and property interests, he was sent to Congress as a delegate. His father-in-law, Mr. Symmes, of New Jersey, controlled a million acres of land at one time on the little Miami River, and finally had patented to him near 312,000 sores, npon which stands Cincinnati and the most populous portions of Ohio and Indiana. Harrison lived at Vincennes about twelve years, and when we became a second time engaged; in war with England, he was made a Brigadier General; and at the close of that war was returned to Congress from Ohio. The remainder of his life, about twenty-seven years, was Spent In Ohio, but very close to the Indiana line. Harrison was not only the first Governor of Indiana, but he was the chief warrior of the State, and the battle of Tippecanoe, which he fought at Tecuraaeh's own settlement, beoame a political battle cry, which carried him into the Presidency. Indiana cast her electoral vote twice for Harrison for President—in 1836 and in 1840. Of the Indiana electors in 1840 one. Caleb B. Smith, lived to be In the Cabinet of Abraham Lincoln, and another; Richard W. Thompson, waa In the Oabnet of President Hayes. State Items., —John J. Johnson, Deputy Recorder of Muncie, committed suicide with a revolver. —Frederick Groteguth, who killed his wife at Vincennes June 4, has confessed. He quarreled with his wife and cat her throat with a razor. —Professor Borden is arranging for the dedication of Borden Institute, at New Providence, on July 4. Hon. Will Camback will deliver the address.

William Doliver was declared not guilty by a jury at Winnamac. He was tried for the murder of Zack Letterman, committed at Medaryville, last February. —lt is said that $2,000 will place the Floyd County Jail in perfectly safe and first-class condition, and make separate apartments for male and female prisoners. —The directors of the Northern Indiana penitentiary have made a contract for a large stone workshop, in which 300 convicts will be worked by the Amazon Hosiery Company of Chicago. —Eloping couples from Kentucky are unusually numerous for the season, and justices of Jeffersonville and New Albany are kept busy marrying the fugitives, from whom they receive liberal fees. —A SIO,OOO suit at Muncie turns on the legality of a mortgage, it being alleged that the seal used by the notary who took the acknowledgment was not his own seal, but one borrowed from another notary. —The colored population of Plainfield expect a rare treat in a short time. Henry Dunbar, a colored man at that place, avers that on several occasions he has eaten four dozen hens’ eggs at a meal, and proposes to beat this record at a public exhibition to take place at Guilford Hall or the base-ball park. —Stucker Rogers and Edward Rogers, aged respectively twelve and thirteen years, are in jail at Bloomington, charged with placing obstructions on the track of the Louisville, New Albany and Chicago Railway. It is alleged that the boys got some old ties and stones and placed them on the track at a curve between Gosport and Stinesville. A freight train, drawn by engine No. 23, collided with the obstruction* and the engine was thrown from the track and blow out a cylinder head. The boys are grandsons of the proprietor of the Rogers House at Gosport, and have been caught in many scrapes. Some time ago, it is charged, they set fire to two barns at Gosport.