Democratic Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 7, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 13 March 1885 — THE NEW DEAL. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

THE NEW DEAL.

Sketches of President Cleveland and His Constitutional Advisers. With Portraits of the President, Vice President, and Most of the Ministers. THE CABINET. A List of the New Ministry. Secretary of State, Thomas F. Bayard, of Delaware. Secretary oj the Treasury, Manning, of New York. Secretary of the Interior, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, of Mississippi. Secretary of War, William C. Endicott, of Massachusetts. Secretary of the Navy, William C. Whitney, of New York. Postmaster General, William F. Vilas, of Wisconsin. Attorney General, Augustus H. Garland, of Arkansas. BIOGRAPHICAL. Brief Sketches of the Public Services of the Chosen Ministers. (We are indebted to the Chicago Daily Neirs for the following brief sketches of the President and his advisers:)

Grover Cleveland Is a native of New Jersey, born at Caldwell, Essex County, March 18. 1837. His father was a minister, and the President has living relatives prominent among the Protestant clergy, not to speak of his numerous clerical ancestors. After receiving such instruction as was procurable from the common school in various places of the paternal residence, young Cleveland was sent to the academy at Clinton, Oneida County, N. Y. Upon leaving this seat of learning he went to New York City, where he filled for some time the position of clerk in an institution of charity. He is next heard of making his way West, with an enterprising young man, with Cleveland, Ohio, as his objective point; but visiting, while on his way, an Uncle residing in Buffalo, he was induced to remain in that city as clerk in the store of his relative. He was 18 years of age at the time, an ambitious young fellow i ossessed of the earnest desire to become a successful lawyer. His uncle favored his aspiration,and we soon find tlq* youth a clerk in the office of a prominent law flrm. and at the same time enjoying the comforts of a good home at his relative’s house. He was admitted to the bar in 1859. His first political office was as Assistant District Attorney for the county of Erie, under C. 0. Torrance. He held the position three years, until the end of his°superior’s term of office, when he was nominated for District Atto ney on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated. In 1870, five years after this failure, he was elected Sheriff of Erie County, and in November, 1881, was elected Mayor of Buffalo by a decided majority. His Incumbency of this office was successful and popular. In the fall election of 1882 Mr. Cleveland was elected Governor of New York, receiving 635,318 votes to 342,464 for Folger. He was nominated for President July 12, and was elected Nov. 4, receiving 4,874,983 votes to 4,851,981 for Blaine, 175,370 for Butler, and 150,369 for St John.

Thomas A. Hendricks was born in Ohio on the 7th of September, 1819. He was graduated from South Hanover College, in that State, in 1840, when he removed to Chambersburg, Pa., and began the study of law. Three years later he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of his profession in Indian*). Hie career opened auspiciously, and in a few years he became a lawyer of excellent standing. In 184-8 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1850 was a delegate to the State Cons titu tonal Convention. The next year he was elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1853 his term expired. He was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office byLPresident Pierce, and from this on he has been on*) of the most important political characters in Indiana. In 18 ohe ran for Governor against Henry S. Lane, and was defeated. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1863 for the long term. After leaving the Senate in 1869 he practiced law in Indianapolis until 1872. He was then made the candidate for Governor of the State, and was elected by a majority of 1,148. His name was presented to the Democratic National Convention in 1868 as candidate for the Presidency, and he would no doubt have received the nomination but for the Ohio delegates, who, by persistently voting for Horatio Seymour, finally caused a stampede in his favor. Again, in 1872, he was proposed as a candidate in the Democratic National Convention, and but for the unexpected fusions of that time he would probably have been the nominee of his party. He was nominated for Vice President in 1876, and was nominated for the same office in 1884. He was married near Cincinnati on the 25th of September, 1845, to Miss Eliza C. Morgan, by whom he had one son, born in 1848, but who lived to be only 8 y<arsof age. This was the only child, and its death greatly affected the father. He was nurtured in the Presbyterian faith, and was a member of that communion until the organization of St. Paul’s Episcopal 'Church in Indianapc Ha in the year 1862, when he became a member of that parish, and was elected Senior Warden. THOS. F. BAYABO, OF DEIAWABB, BSCBBTABT OF RTATUP, ' ‘ Thomas F. Bayard is the hereditary Senator from Delaware, repres nting the third eu> cessive generation Of his family to occupy n seat in the United States Senate from that State, Besides hia grandfather and father, his uncle.

Richard 8., was a member of that body from IKK to 1839 and from 1841 to 1846. A greatuncie. CoL John Bayard, was a member of the Congress of confederation of 1786. Two brothers named 1 ayard were among the

Huguenots that fled from France to escape the massacre of St. Bartholomew's day in 158-v. They went first to Ireland, and later to New York. Senator Thomas F. Bn yard was born at Wilmington. Delaware, Oct. 29, 1828, anil was educated at Mushing school. Though trained for a mercantile life in his early yeais, he adopted the profession of the law and was admitted to the bar in 1851. He was appointed United Blates Dis:riot Attorney for the State of Delaware in 1863, but resigned the following year. March 4, 1869, he succeeded to his father's seat in the United States Senate, a place he now h'.lds by a third election. He was a member of the electoral commission of 1876, and has often been a prominent figure in Democratic conventions. He has been the reco nized leader of his party in the Senate for a number of years, and at the last two National Democratic Conventions his name was favorably considered in connection with the Presidential nomination. Senator Bayard's career as a lawyer has nothing in it of more than local importance, though he has long been recognized as one of the best lawyers in his State. He has made a record in the Senate of being a diligent, conservative, and watchtul member. His constant attendance on the sessions of the Senate, his long service in that body, and his close attention to its business, have made him one of the best-informed Senators. Though a thorough partisan, his political opinions have not narrowed his grasp of public affairs. He is a graceful and pleasant speaker, but is not given to much talking. He is a man of good judgment, well balanced, and deliberate. Personally he is tall, smooth-laced, and a fine specimen of physical manhood in the prime of life. Socially Mr. Bayard’s family is said to be exclusive, ana to have aristocratic tendencies. He, however, is of a genial nature and popular with his fellow Senators.

L. Q. 0. Lamar is a native of the State of Georgia. He comes of an old family which has distinguished itself in government affairs ever sinod the Declaration of Independence. He was born in 1826. and graduated from Emory College, Georgia, in 1845. He was admitted to the bar in 1847. Ho moved to Mississippi in 1849 and soon after was elected adjunct professor of mathematics in the university of that State. At the same time he held the place of assistant editor of the Southern lieview. He returned to Georgia in 1860, locating at Covington for the practice of law. He was elected to the Legislature of Georgia in 1853. and in 1854 moved to Lafayette County, Miss., where he owned a plantation. He was elected to Congress in 1856, and re-elected in 1858. He resigned his seat in 1860 to become a member of the Secession Convention of his State in 1861, and the same year entered the Confederate anu£, being shortly promoted to a colonelcy. In 1863 President Davis sent him to Russia on a diplomatic mission. At the close of the war in 1860, he became professor of political economy ana social science in the University of Mississippi, and the following year professor of law in that institution. He was elected to Congress in 1872 and again in 1874. and succeeded James L. Alcorn in the United States Senate in 1877, to which place he was re-elected for the term beginning March 5,1 83. He has been in public life ever since he came of age, and is a man of large experience, though not a hard worker like Bayard. Hets Suiet, reticent, and something of an idealist, mring the troublous reconstruction period he was liberal and conscientious in his views and threw his influence on the side of harmony between the different sections of the country. His mind is remarkable rather for its line temper than its force. He is an eloquent speaker when aroused, though he is not olten heard in Congressional debate. He made a national reputation in his eulogy of Charles Sumner on the floor of the House. He is a man slightly above the average height, possesses a full, rounded figure, and has the bearing of a student and scholar.

Augustus H. Garland was born in Tipton County, Tennessee, June 11, 1832. His parents removed to the State of Arkansas the following year and settled in the bottom lands of the Red River Valley. At a suitable age young Garland was sent to Bardstown, Ky., to be educated in what was then the most famous seat of learning in the Southwest. His academic studies were pursued in the Catholic colleges of St. Mary and St. Joseph. During the latter part of his residence In Bardstown he read law, and attended the trial of causes in the court-room whenever he had the opportunity. At that time the local bar was very strong. Garland profited greatlv by this practice as well as by his studies, which he pursued with persistent devotion. Returning home he continued to woo that jealous mistress the law, and in 1853 was admitted to practice at Washington. Ark. In 1866 he removed to Little Rock, the oanital of the State. He was

admitted to practice as an attorney tn tin Supreme Court of the United States on Dec. 26, iB6O. By that time he had attained professional reputation, and tn ths same ye«r was a Bell and Everett elect r. He opposed the secession of Arkansas as long as there was any hope of a peaceful solution of sectional differences. When, however, war was inevitable, he threw in his lot with his State. He was a member of the Provisional Congress wh ch met t Montgomery, Ala, in May, 1861. and took part in drawing up the Constitution of the Confederate States. During the struggle between the Federal and Confederate governments he gave his counsel to the Southern cause, first as a Hep? resentative and afterward as Senator. He was serv ng as a Senator in its Congress when the Confederacy collapsed. In 1815 Mr Garland petitioned the supreme Court of the United States, to practice therein without taking “the ironclad oath,” at the same time submitting an argument in support of his petition which was a masterpiece of reasoning. He won his cas 1 . which was not decided until the December term of the Supreme Court, 1867. While it was pending he was elected unit id States Senator from Arkansas. He appeared to take his seat in the Senate March 4, 1867, but was not permitted to do so. In 1874 Mr. Garland was elected Governor of Arkansas without opposition. His election as Senator took place in Junuary, 1876, without opposition. He began nis term as successor to I'owell Clayton, Republican, on March 5, 1877. In 1883 he was re-electe I, and his term of service would not have expired until March 3, 1889.

Daniel Manning was educated in a newspaper office. He began at the age of It as an errandboy. became a reporter at 15, and subsequently a city editor, and graduated the general manager of a newspaper company. He afterward became identified with the management of the Commercial National Brink of Albany, and finally its President. While employed in the newspaper office he became famili ir with local politics, and as a reporter of legislative proceedings of New York ho acquired an extensive acquaintance with State political affairs. He already had something more than a local reputation as a politician when, in 1878, he became a member of the New York State Democratic Central Committee, of which body he was made Chairman in 1882. He managed the campaign that elected Cleveland Got e nor of Now York, and was the first to name the latter lor the Presidency. Cleveland's nomlnatlpn lor the office is generally conceded to lie due to the adroit management of Mr. Manning, and bis election to the no loss ably conducted Presidential campaign in NewvYork. Mr. Manning is a remarkably uccesstui organizer and shrewd pel tician. He has had no experienoe in pnblio affairs nor as a m i nag r of great financial interests. His personal habits of close economy and hi* success In private business enterprises may be the foundation for great success as Secretary of the Treasury. His record is yet to be made. Mr. Manning is 47 years of age and a native of Albany, N. Y.

William F. Vilas traces his genealogy to Sir Richard de Vilas, a crusader under Edward 1. of England. He was born in Chelsea, Vt., July », 1840. His father was a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1840, but removed to Madison, Wis., in 1861, where he became promin nt as a Democrat in the politics es that State. William F. graduated from the Wisconsin State University in 1868,and two years later entered upon the practice of the law. in 1802 he raised a company and entered the Union army as Captain. He was rapidly promoted and resigned a Colonelcy in 1868. He is one of the lecturers in the law department of the Wisconsin State University. In 1873 he was one of the committee of three appointed to revise the statutes of Wisconsin. He was President of the Demooratio convention that nominated Cleveland, and is now a member of the lower house of the Legislature of his State, the first elective office he ever held. Col. Vilas is an able and eloquent advocate, a studious and hard-working lawyer, and a brilliant man. WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT, OF MASSACHUSETTS, BECBETABY OF WAB. William C. Endicott is a native of Salem, Mass., where he still res des, and is now about 69 years old. He gradu ted from Harvard College in 1847, and entered upon the practice of law in 1850. Gov. Washburn appointed him to a place on the Supreme bench of Massachusetts, which position he resigned m 1882 on account of ill-health. Until 1860 Judge Endicott was an old-line Whig, but from that time forward was aD< mocrat. He never was prominent in politics until the last campaign, when he was the Democratic candidate tor Governor of the Bav State. As a lawyer he is said to be thorough, painstaking, and dignified. He stood high in the ranks of the judiciary while a member of the Supreme bench. He is a descendant of John r ndicott. one of the first colonial Governors of Massachusetts His mother was a daughter of the Hon. Jacob Crowninshield, who served a term in Congress, and was President Jefferson’s Secretary of the Navy frm 1805 to 18 D. WILLIAM C. WHITNEY, OF NEW YOBK, HECBETABY OF THE NAVY. William C. Whitney v. as born at Conway, Mass., in 1840. He graduated at Yale College-in 1853. and at the Harvard law school in 1864. He at once began the practice of law in New York City, and speedily drifted into politics. He was appointed Corporation Counsel of New York City upon the downfall of the Tweed ring. His energy and ability in clearing up the mass of litigation that grew out of the ring s fraudulent transactions made his repntatlon as a lawyer. He laid the foundation of a comfortable fortune in his profession, and completed it by marrying a daughter of Oliver W. Payne, of Ohio, one of the millionaire stockholders of the Standard Oil Company. Throughout his political career he has enjoyed intimate relations with Samuel J. Tilden, and has labored under the advice and direction of the sage of Greystone for the overthrow of Tammany and the machine rule of New York City. Mr. Whitney conceived the plan of organizing the County Democracy of New York, and largely aided in its execution. He is a successful organizer, and, after Daniel Manning, did more than any other one man to secure Cleveland's nomination and election. He is a clean-handed Democrat. Mme. Buttkay writes from Turin that her brother, Louis Kossuth, is in good health. Mark Twain’s average time to reduce a cigar to ashes is forty minutes.

GROVER CLEVELAND, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

THOMAS A. HENDRICKS, VICE PRESIDENT.

L. Q. C. LAMAR, OF MISSISSIPPI, SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

A. H. GARLAND, OF ARKANSAS, ATTORNEY GENERAL.

DANIEL MANNING, OF NEW YORK, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY.

WILLIAM F. VILAS, OF WISCONSIN, POSTMASTER GENERAL.