Democratic Sentinel, Volume 8, Number 46, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 12 December 1884 — Page 3

ffjje DcmocraticSenttnel RENSSELAER, INDIANA. ■J. W. McEWEN, ... Publisher

A returned "Western gold miner I came np to the counter of the Miners Arms, on Front street, New York, a •day or two since, and received S9OO in English sovereigns for a fifty-ounce bar -of gold. It was the result of twenty*six years’ mining in Nevada and Montana. The man was a native of Penzance, in Cornwall, and was about to ■ sail for home.

Sib Thomas Gresham, who built the Royal Exchange in London, was the -son of a poor woman who, while he was an infant, abandoned him in a field. "The chirping of a grasshopper attracted a boy to the spot where the child lay, and the life of the latter was pre;served by this means. After Sir Thomas lad, by his great success as a merchant, arisen to the pinnacle of commercial ■wealth, he chose a grasshopper for his -crest.

Dr. Lehnman, chief rabbi of May*ence, in congratulating Sir Moses Montefiore upon his 100th birthday an--Ttiversary, noticed the fact that in the Hebrew lesson for that week it was mentioned that the eminent men of old -attained extraordinary age; also, that -in the Kabbalah, the authorship of which is ascribed to Rabbi Simeon Ben -Jochai, 150 B. C., it is predicted that -A similar phenomenon will occur as the harbinger of the Messiah. The Director of the Mint has prepared a statement in regard to the present money circulation of thirty-nine -countries of the world as compared f with the circulation as reported a year Ago, which shows a decrease in the gold circulation of about $52,000,000, -an increase in the silver circulation of $42,000,000, an increase in paper circulation of $112,000,000. He attributes the loss in gold circulation to a reduced production, and to the increased use -of that metal in ornamentation and Arts.

Thirty thousand dollars a year ■ would be considered a fairly liberal allowance, even by the most exigent of -school-boys; But the guardian of the Marquis of Camden, aged 12, thinks -the amount insufficient, and wants it raised to $40,000. The Judge of Probate before whom the application came .♦refused to grant it. He intimated that as the total income of the youthful IMarquis did not exceed $50,000 a year It would be better, at present for him to get along by exercising a strict economy with the $50,000, adding that hope 'might be cherished of an increase of .the allowance when his lordship should Ibe sent to Eton or to a university.

Doubtless the late Postmaster General of England owed his success largely to the ability, energy, and demotion of his excellent wife. But -there is no truth in the current story ■that she once had her finger crushed in -the carriage-door hinge as she was riding to the House of Commons with him, and bravely endured the torture in silence rather than disturb him with the knowledge of it, and thus imperil the successful delivery of the great speech he was about to make. Such instance did, indeed, occur, but Mrs. Benjamin Disraeli was the heroine of it, and but for her fortitude then her husband perhaps never would have become Earl of Beaconsfield. The story was first told to the American public many years ago by the late N. P. 'Willis. The oldest and most celebrated dealer in wild animals in the world, Mr. Bernhardt Kohn, died in Kassala at the beginning of August last, in his seventysecond year. Mr. Kohn was the first to import animals into Europe direct irom Nubia. Quite lately he had procured a large number of giraffes, lions, antelopes, ostriches, monkeys, etc., and had them brought to Kassala. *For eight months Kassala has been besieged by the adherents of the Mehdi, and, since the death of Mr. Kohn, the Mudir of Taka has been in great embarrassment what to do with all the animals, lit was thought probable that they would be slaughtered by the inhabitants, who were said to be in danger of famine. Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, in an address to the Grand Jury, at the •opening of the autumn assizes, at Bedford, England, the other day, spoke at length on the character of the punishment which justices of the peace frequently indicted. He strongly condemned the passing of heavy sentences ior trifling offenses, such as pilfering and the like, believing that such a method was but manufacturing criminals instead of correction them. In illustration he cited a case where two urchins were sent to prison for three months, with hard labor, for ’the paltry theft of a few apples from an orchard, an offense pf which, perhaps, many of the magistrates themselves were guilty when they were boys. If heavy sentences were awarded in such cases, there were no others adequately

severe for the far graver crimes which frequently came before judges at assizes.

The low price of wheat for the past year has led to the determination among many American farmers not to plant that cereal hereafter. It is argued that we have a practical monopoly of cotton and corn, both of which are very profitable crops. These cannot be raised in any larger quantities in other parts of the world. "Wheat and other small grains can, however, be grown in almost any land where the soil is reasonably fertile. The extension of steam transportation to every available country under the sun is opening up competing wheat fields in all quarters. Russia has just borrowed $75,000,000 to be exjiended during the next few years in developing the railways of that country, with a view to utilizing new wheat regions. Australia as well as East India are doing the same thing. The Argentine Confederation in South America is spending $28,000,000 in constructing four trunk lines from Buenos Ayres, her principal seaport, into the wheat fields and cattle ranges of the interior. This cheapening of wheat is a very serious matter in England. There are 30,000 acres in the county of Essex, England, for which there are no tenants. A farm of 170 acres, only thirty miles from London, sold recently for £2,400, for which £5,000 was refused only ten years ago. Wheat was never cheaper than it has been in many parts of the world during the past year. Our farmers like to grow it, however, because it involves so little labor. After the field is plowed and the land sowed with seed, wheat calls for no attention until the harvest comes. But cotton and corn require incessant labor the season through. Cattle raising and dairying also demand cheap labor, which as yet we have not got. But the competition of the extreme Northwest of itself threatens to keep down the price of wheat. The Northern Pacific, the Canada Pacific, the Manitoba, and their feeders are opening up a wheat country of illimitable extent. This now almost unsettled region could supply the whole human race with the staff of life.

There is a movement on foot to put the British West Indies under the government of the Dominion of Canada. The matter is being discussed by all the parties interested, including the British Cabinet, the ruling powers of the Dominion, and the representatives of the various West India islands. In 1881 the territory controlled by the Ottawa Government contained 4,350,000 inhabitants, while the West India islands, including Jamaica, Barbadoes, Trinidad, the Bahamas, and the Bermudas, have about 1,250,000 inhabitants. This consolidation of authority, if effected, may have very important consequences. It would give the Dominion of Canada great maritime importance, with more ships at sea even than the United States. The exports of the British Antilles are about $31,300,000, and the imports $29,000,000. It has long been the dream of some of the most far-seeing people of the United States that the Dominion in time would be annexed to the Union. Its extent in territory is greater than the United States, though much of it is laud that can never be other than a wilderness; but its people are our own kin, and would make excellent America citizens. It would gratify our national aspirations if the whole of North America was under our sway without war, and with the acquiescence of every section of the northern continent. The proposed consolidation with the British Antilles may postpone this much-desired union, for it would give Canada new interests and a greater sense of her own importance. Annexation to the United States would then be a somewhat more difficult matter, for we have no governmental machinery to take charge of communities, such, for instance, as Jamaica. So far the American people have declined to annex regions that cannot be self-gov-erned. We might have had Cuba or Santo Domingo long since, but no administration dare to propose it, as we have no precedents in our history for taking care of people who cannot take care of themselves.

Women in Colleges.

Gen. Eaton, Commissioner of Education for the United States of America, reports 40,000 youDg women in collegiate and scientific study; 29,000 of these are in 227 colleges exclusively for women; 152 of these institutions are authorized to confer degrees, so that nearly three-fourths of all the young women seeking what is usually called higher education have colleges exclusively for their own use. —Toronto Mail.

These is no need of our receiving any idiots, insane persons, or mentally imperfect peop e from foreign countries. We appear to be able to produce enough ourselves. In a total of 91,997 insane 65,651 are native Americans. In a total of 76,895 idiots 72,888 are native Americans. In a total of 48,928 blind 40,599 are native Americans. In a total of 38,878 deaf mutes, 30,597 are native Americans. Louise Michel, the Parisian communist, used to be a school teacher, and wrote some pious hymns while slig was a devout Bornan Catholic.

INDIANA STATE NEWS.

—William Fisk, who was injured by the premature d schirge of a cannon, at Rising Sun, died. —The celebrated imported Clydesdale stallion belonging to Samuel Carter, of Plainfield, and valued at $2,000, died colic. —The Shetland pony stallion, Prince, alleged to be the finest in the United States, has been purchased by W. J. Hasselman, of Indianapolis. —Governor Porter commuted the sentence of Koerner, the Indianapolis wifemurderer, who wA to have suffered death to imprisonenment for life. —Capt. V. P. Schenck, a well-known river man, died at Vevay. He was the owner of a number of Ohio river steamboats, and died a millionaire.

—Henry L. Wilson, who recently sold the Lafayette Journal, has been compelled to take possession of the property again, under the mortgage, until it can. again be sold. * —Contractors of the new Georgia Capitol having decided to use Indiana stone in its construction, an effort was made to have the product of Georgia quarries used instead, but the Legislature almost unanimously indorsed the selection of the contractors. —The Governor’s office is the only one in which the State election makes any notable change. Colonel Gray, the Govern or-elect will be inaugurated on the second Monday in January. His Private Secretary will be his son, Pierre, who is a graduate of Asbury University, and has been a law student in his father’s office, at Union City.

—The next session of the Indiana College Association will be held in this city on the 29th and 30th of December. The programme promises a series of exercises from our leading college men, such as can hardly fail to interest and instruct the public. The inaugural address will be delivered on the evening of the 29th by Dr. John Clark Ridpath, President of the association. On the preceding afternoon President C. H. Kiracofe, of Hartsville University, will read a paper on “Education and Politics.” This subject will also be discussed by Dr. A. R. Benton, of Butler, and Prof. A. B. Chaffee, of Franklin. The next paper will be by Prof. Robert B. Warder, of Purdue, on the subject of “The True Place of Industrial Education.” Brief addresses on the same topic will be delivered by President Thompson, of the Rose Polytechnic, and Prof. J. B. DeMotte, of DePauw. The next regular paper will be on the subject of “Native and Foreign Teaching of Modern Languages,” by Prof. Alma Holman, of DePauw University. This subject will be discussed by Prof. Charles H. Gilbert, of the State University, and Calvin W. Pearson, recently of Earlham. Dr. David S. Jordon, of the State University, will deliver an address on “Science in the Sea,” and that subject will also be presented by Dr. Philip S. Baker, of DePauw. The last paper of the session will be on the “Conditions of the Physical Development of Indiana,” by Dr. John L. Campbell, of Wabash College. This topic will also be discussed in brief addresses by Dr. A. W. Brayton, of the Indiana Medical, and Dr. G. C. Smvthe, of the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons. It is believed that no previous programme of the association has presented a more interesting range of topics, and the public will be glad to hear what our leading educators have to say. —lndianapolis Journal.

Indiana Products.

The annual report of Will A. Peelle, Chief of the State Bureau of Statistics, will show the annual aggregate production of wheat, corn, barley, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes from 1879 to 1884, inclusive, ns follows: WHEAT. • Bushels. Bushels. 1879 47,234,8711882 46,928,643 1880 40,788,003 1883 31,405,573 1881 30,635,688 1884 40,532,200 CORN. < 1879 115,482,300 1882 115,699,797 1880 80,990,696 j 1883 89,699,237 1881 71,397,07511834 89,159,799 OATS. 1879 11,804,049 1882 19.615,516 1880 15,405,822 1883 19,567,789 1881 ?..., 14,398,420 1884 23,567,117 BARLEY. 1879 342,74811882 1,138,717 1880 409,345 1883 399,183 1881 526,364 1884 259,106 RYE. 1879 176,419 1882 548,405 1880 89,200 1883 358,513 1881 123,177 1884 434,266 IRISH POTATOE-'. 1879 4,122,836 1882 7,264,830 1880 4,148,024 1883 8,363,412 1881 2,390,350 1884 5,969,461 SWEET POTATOES. 1879 ’.... 148,507 1882 696,245 1880 406,306 1883 168,876 1881 239,511 1884 142,429 The number of bushels produced by Marion County each year was as follows: WHEAT. Bushels. Bushels. 1879 729,33211882 854,980 1880 695,45411883 449,546 1881 474,72811884 736,334 CORN. 1879 2,227,537:1882 1,084,711 1880 1,456,626 1883 1,893,818 1881 1,106,616 1834 1,338,975 OATS. 1879 134,55911882 217.495 1880.. 185,971|1883 197,799 1881 167,558:1884 202,993 BARLEY. 1879 1880 6,7101883 14,699 1881 11,700 1884 11,925 RYE. 1879 3V3 1882 6,621 1880 207 1883 1.526 1881 1,222 1884 1,790 IRISH POTATOE3. 1879 149,626 1882 15',450 1880 56,471 1833 315,875 1881 67,504 1884.... 310,165 SWEET POTATOES. 1879 21,682 1882 68.754 1880 51,586 1883 32,485 1881 18,370 1884 10,780 —Prof. John M. Coulter, of Wabash College, has been elected a member of the American Scientific Association. The number of members is limited to 100, hence a membership is greatly prized among scientific men. —The banking house of Hyatt, Levkigs & Co., of Washington, made an assignment. Its liabilities are estimated at $122,000 and assets SIOO,OOO. —Col. Isaac P, Gray, Governor-elect, b 56 years old.

FUNDS OF THE NATION.

Secretary McCulloch’s Yearly Balance-Sheet of the United States Treasury. Foreign Trade, Taxation, and America’s Shipping' Interests Considered. The report of Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury, Is of great length, but on several questions of vital interest to the financial and commercial world it is exceedingly interesting. From the mass of figures submitted It is learned that the total revenues of the Government for the last fiscal year were $348,519,869, and that the expenditures were $290,916,773. leaving a Burplus of $57,603,396, of which $31,000,000 has been applied to bond redemption. The actual and estimated revenue for the fiscal year 1884-5 is $330,000,000 and the estimated expenditures are $290,000,’ 00. Of the revenues expected during the ensuing year $185,000,000 will come from customs taxes, and $115,000,000 from internal revenue. The Secretary estimates that the Treasury surplus in 1886 will be not less than $50,000,000, and argues that something should be done to relieve the people of this unnecessary taxation. - The most Important chapter in the report is devoted to foreign trade and taxation. After speaking of the remarkable changes In the Western States and Territories, and asserting that “to the rise In the value of lands resulting from the construction of railroads the wonderful increase of the national wealth is very largely attributable,” he says: The condition of the manufacturing Interest of the United States is similar In some respects to the oondltion of the agricultural interest of the West in the early days. What the Western farmers then needed was a market f r their crops. What manufacturers now need is a market for their surplus manufactures. The real foundation of onr great manufacturing industry was laid in New England under the first tariff of a protective character, which diverted a part of its capital from shipping into cotton factories. Those first constrticted having been fairly remunerative, more were constructed, and other branches of manufacture were undertaken, until New England was converted from maritime and commercial pursuits into manufacturing. It will be recollected that New England was opposed to the first protective tariff—that one of Mr. Webster's great speechoa was a free-trade speech. It was not many years after the first cotton mills were erected in New England that the great iron Industries of the country began to be developed, and Pennsylvania soon became the great iron manufacturing State of the Union. Nor was it long before various kinds of manufactures came into existence In most of the Northern and Western States. The demands of the Government during the late civil war for nearly all Jdnds of manufactured goods and the high tariff greatly stimulated production. After the war stimulus was found in railroad building and in oxtravagant expenditures induced by superabundant currency, and the time has now come when the manufacturing industry of the United States is in dire distress from plethora of manufactured goods. Some manufacturing companies have been forced intd bankruptcy; others have closed their mills to escape It; few mills are running on full time, and as a consequence a very large number of operatives are either deprived of employment or are working for wages hardly sufficient .to enable them to live comfortably or even decently. Nor are manufacturers and their employes the only sufferers by the present dopreaslon of our manufacturing industry. So largo and widespread has this industry become, so interwoven is it with other industries, so essential is it to the welfare of the whole country, that it cannot bo seriously depressed without Injuriously affecting business throughout the Union, The all-important question, therefore, that presses itself upon the public attention is, how shall the country be relieved from tho plothora of manufactured goods, and how shall plethora hereafter be prevented? It is obvious that our power to produce Is much in excess of the present or any probable future demand for home consumption. The existing iron, cotton and woolen mills. If employed at their full capacity, could meet in six months—perhaps in a shorter time—the home demand for a year. It is certain, therefore, that unless markets now practically closed against us are opened, unless we can share In the trade which is monopolized by European nations, the depression now so severely felt will continue, and may become more disastrous.

The question how shall our foreign trade be increased is the question which now comes to tho front and demands prompt and careful consideration. anufacturers are primarily interested, but the whole country has a stake in its solution. In its Investigation the tariff will necessarily be Involved, Inasmuch as tho relations between it and onr foreign trade are so close that thewcannot be considered separately, but it need not be Involved except so far as It stands in the wav of international trade. If the duties upon raw materials are an obstruction, those duties should be removed. If the duties upon other articles are an obstruction, they should be modified. Whatever may be required to Increase our foreign trade, whether It be a repeal or modification of existing duties should be demanded bv the manufacturers themselves. How, then, shall the information required for a full understanding of what stands in the way of an Increased exportation of onr manufactured goods be obtained? It may not be proper for me to offer advice on this point, but I cannot forbear to say that I can see no better means than by the appointment of a commission, composed of men not wedded to the doctrines of free trade or pro-tection—fair-minded men, who would prosecute the Inquiry thoroughly, comprehensibly, and Impartially. If such a commission should be created, it should be done without unnecessary delay. The business of the whole world has been revolutionized bv steam power and the substitution of machinery for hand work. .If not the Inventor of the steam engine. Great Britain took the lead in utilizing it in manufacturing, and she thus became the great workshop of the world. For many years she had a monopoly of manufacturing. The raw materials from nearly all nations was taken in her own ships to her ports and returned In manufactured goods. It has been the profit of this combination of manufactures and commerce which has made her the richest and most powei fui of nations. Now, however, all Western nations are endeavoring to use their raw materials at home and to encourage and sustain their manufactures by protective duties, the effect of which has been general overproduction. It is this great revolution caused by steam liower and machinery and their general use that will make the labors of the commission arduous. All the leading nations of the world are now engaged In manufacturing, and all but Great Britain are forcing themselves in by protective duties. Among them the United States has been conspicuous Has not the time come when a new departure is demanded? Cobden, one of the ablest and most far-seeing of British statesmen, predicted that the United States would in time not only become a great manufacturing country, but would become a competitor of Great BfKain iu the South American markets. In the cojirse of some remarks upon ihe condition of British trade he said: “Members of the House of Commons and others are constantly crying out that there is very great danger threatening this country from Russia, and they neglect to observe that the great danger to the supremacy of the country is not In Russia, but in the competition of the United States of America.”

The present condition of our foreign trade Is not as fully understood by the public as It ought to be, or there would be greater uneasiness in regard to wbat may be the result. Look, for Instance, at our trade relations with Brazil. We sold to Brazil last year various articles to the amount of $8,646,261> We bought of her various kinds of her own productions to the amount of $50,265,889, leaving $41,620,628 as the balance against us. Now, how is this large balance liquidated? Not by gold, but by the sale of our farm products, for which there is a large demand In Europe. It is our cotton, our wheat, our petroleum, our beef and pork, which can be produced more cheaply in the United States than anywhere else, which create sterling exchange that enables us to carry on this one sided trade with Brazil. Now, if by the failure of our crops, or very favorable seasons on the other side of the Atlantic, or what is more probable, by retaliation, our exports of these articles sh< >uld materially decline, what then would be the condition of onr Brazilian trade? Instead of depending on the exports to Enrope for means to cover the balance In favor of Brazil, ought not an effort bo made to equalize that trade by onr manufactured goods? Ought we not to endeavor to verify the prediction of Cobden by becoming a competitor with Great Britain In the Brazilian markets? Ought not this to be attempted in the interest of our own manufactures? When the real condition of our foreign trade and the character of the competition in which we muet sooner or later engage, are fullv understood, it will be found that our inability to make that trade as tree as our best interests require lies in the necessity which exists for heavy import duties, which, although they may be levied for revenue only, must be in a large degree protective. It is upon such taxes, therefore, that our government mnst mainly rely tor Its large current expenditures and the reduction of the national debt. Large revenues will r e derived from the taxes upon whiskey and tobacco, if the tax on the latter article should be retained, bnt our chief revenue must be drived from import duties. To show how these duties mny be so imposed and distributed ss to neither imperil our

manufacturers nor obstruct our foreign trade, while the Treasury Is kept in an easy condition, will be the task of the oommis -lon. That the task will be a very difficult one is certain; that It may be successfully performed ought to be certain also. In the commencement of its work the commission should, I think, regard the following points as being settled: L That the pnblio revenues are not to be in excess of what may be required for the support of the Government and the gradual reduction of the pubiio debt. 2. That our manufactures, which under the fostering care of the Government have attained such gigantic proportions, and whose prosperity is essential to the welfare of all other Interests, are not to be put in jeopardy by rapid and sweeping changes in the ta iff, and tha: all reductions of Import duties should be made with a view to their ultimate advantage by opening to them markets from which they are now in a large degree excluded. If such a commission as has been suggested had been appointed, and its work could he pet formed at in early date, I should not be disposed to say anything bearing directly upon the tariff; but aa relief from the present burden of taxation Is urgently and Justly demanded, I deem it my duty to suggest that something in this direction should be done without del y. Owing to tne shortness of the time allowed to me for the consideration of the subject, I am not prepared to name the articles upon which duties should be removed or reduoed. I should regret this If Congress were not already In possession of the facts which Bhould govern its action. This much, however, It may be proper for me to recommend. 1. That the existing duties upon raw materials which are to4>e used in manufacture should be removed, This can be done tu the interest of our foreign trade. 2. That the duties upon the articles used or consumed by those who are the least able to bear the burden of taxation should bo reduoed. This also can be effected without prejudice to our export trade. In regard to our Internal revenue taxes, I have to say that, as these taxes, with the exception of the tax upon whisky, ought not to be and will not be needed for revenue if appropriations are kept within reasonable bounds and rigid economy is established In all branches of the public service, 1 see no good reason for their continuance. Taxes upon agricultural productions, although Indirectly levied, are Inconsistent with our general policy, and tobaoco is the only one of these productions which has been taxed. An article which is so generally used, and which adds so much to the comforts of the large numbers of our population who earn their living 'by manual laoor, cannot properly be considered a luxury, and as the collection of the tax Is expensive and troublesome to the Government, and la especially obnoxious and Irritative to small manufacturers, the tax upon tobacoo should. In mv judgment, be removed. The tax upon whisky oonld not be repealed without a disregard of publlo sentiment, nor without creating a necessity for higher duties upon imported goods, but while this Is true the tux upon the alcohol used in manufacturing might be removed with decided benefit to home Industry and foreign trade. On the subject of our shipping Interests Secretary McCnlloch urges the prompt removal of the unjust tariff taxes which have driven American vessels from the sea and paralyzed shipbuilding in this country. He does not, however, oonsider the restoration of our merchant martno an easy matter. Wo have been out of the oarrylng trade so long, and foreign companies have suoh enormous capital Invested, that an attempt on the part of the United States to gain supremaoy on the seas wuuld meet with most vigorous competition. On this point Mr. McCulloch says: » There Is, in my opinion, no prospect whatever that the United States will ever share to a considerable extent in the foreign carrying trade without Government aid. It Is for Congress to determine whether tills aid shall bo granted or whether our foreign shipping Interest shall remain In its present death-like condition. The let-alone policy has been tried for many years, during which our ships have been swept from the ocean, and we pay every year many millions of dollars to foreign ship owners for freights and fares. Ought this ooudltlon of th.ngs to be continued?

Entertaining these views, I do not hesitate to express the opinion: 1. That without government aid to United States steamship lines the foreign carrying trade will remain In the hands of foreigners. 2. That as we ought to have an Interest In the business which we create, and as the restoration of our shipping ldterost Is Important, If not essential. to the extension of our foreign trade, subsidies in tho form of liberal payments for the transportation of malls or In some other form should bo offered rb an Inducement to Investments of capital In steamships. Tho amount of necessary aid would be Insignificant In comparison with what has been granted to manufacturers by protective duties, and nothing wonld be paid until the services were rendered. After showing the danger involved In the continued coinage and unlimited legal tender quality of the silver dollar the Secretary says: I have be n forced to the conclusion that unless both the coinage of silver dollars and the issue of silver certificates are suspended there la danger that silver, and not gold, may become our metallic standard. This danger may not be imminent, but it is of so serious a character that there ought not to be delay in providing against it. Not only would the national credit be seriously impaired if the Government should be under tho necessity of using silver dollars or certificates In payment of gold obligations, but business of all kinds would be greatly disturbed; not only so, but gold wonld atonoe cease to be a circulating medium, and severe contraction would be the result. The United States Is ono of the most powerful of nations—lts credit is high, its resources limitless; but it cannot prevent a depredation of silver unless its efforts are aided by leading nations of Europe. If the coinage of silver Is continued In despite of the aotlon of Germany In demonetizing it and the limitation of Its coinage by what am known as the Latin nations, there can be but one result—silver will practically become the standard of value. Our mines produce large amounts of stiver, and it Is Important, therefore, that there should be a good demand for It at remunerative prices for the outlays In obtaining it. The suspension of its coinage might depress the market price of silver for a time, bat the ulttmate.effect would doubtless be to enhance it. The production of gold is diminishing, that of silver has practically reached its maximum, and there are strong indications that from this time the yield of both gold and sliver mines will speedily decline. At the same time the demand for both for coinage and In manufactures will Increase. The very necessities of the commercial world will prevent a general and continued dlsnse of either as money. The European nations which hold large amounts of silver must sooner or later come to its rescue, and the suspension of coinage In the United States would do much to bring about ou their part action in its favor. But, whatever might be the effect of the suspension of the coinage upon the commercial value of silver, It Is very clear that the coinage cannot be continued without detriment to general business and danger to the national Credit. The amount of one-dollar notes in circulation is $26,7<>3,097.80; the amount of two-dollar notes In circulation is $2%778,738.20. Congress would, I think, act wisely In butting an end to their circulation. Nor do i hesitate to express the opinion that the country would be benefited It all flve-dollar notes should be gradually retired and the coinage of half and quarter eagles should be Increased. If this should be done the circulating medium of the United States below $lO would be silver and gold, and we should be following the example of France, In which there Is an Immense circulation of silver coin, which in all domestio transactions maintains a parity with gold. The substitution of gold and sliver for small notes would be productive of some Inconvenience, but this would be temporary only. If the five dollar notes shonld be withdrawn the Treasury wonld be relieved from the burden of silver in its vaults, and It would not be long before the coinage of sliver might be resumed. In conclusion, the Secretary recommends that Immediate aotlon be taken by Congress relative to the basis of national bank circulation, now seriously threatened by the rapid call tor bonds on which It Is bas'-d, and that the system be continued substantially as It now Is, exoept that the tax on circulation be repealed; that oar subsidiary silver coins shonld be recoined and increased in weight; that the trade dollars shonld be purchased at a slight advance only npon their bullion value, and not at all unless presented within a year; and that additional vaults for the storage of silver be constructed.

CLEVELAND’S ADVISERS.

Bayard for Secretary of State—Garland'* , Chance*. [Washington telegram to Chloago Tribune.] Senator Saulsbury, of Delaware, thinks that Cleveland will tender Bayard the Secretaryship of State, because it is the apparent wish of the Democracy that he should head the Cabinet, but Mr. Saulsbury is not inclined to believe that Bayard will accept. Mr. Saulsbury admits he has no information on the subject, but holds to the opinion that Bayard will prefer to continue in the Senate, where he is the recognized leader of his party. Senator Saulsbury also' expressed the belief that Senator Garland will be offered a Cabinet position on the ground of his fitness for the place, and that his appointment would be most acceptable to the v Democratio party.

ROBBERS ATTACK A TRAIN.

The Thieves Plunder the Passengers and Carry Off Six Thousand Dollars. Thej Are Tracked to Their Homes by Bloodhounds and Identified. [Little Rock telegram.] The passenger train on tho Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway was stopped, between 10 and 11 o’clock last night, at a point three miles below this place by five masked robbers, who ran the train on a switch and then proceeded to plunder it. The conductor, Pat Rice, and the express messenger, Honeycutt, were in the baggage-car, and when Rice started toward the engine the robbers opened firo, shooting at him five times. Both he and the messenger were then covered with revolvers, as were the passengers in the front car. The rear car carried some forty people. The rapid discharge of fire-arms and the sudden stopping of the train created great alarm, and an indescribable panic ensued. Suddenly the door opened and a slenderlookiug white man appeared, and, covering the passengers with a six-shooter, ordered them to “hold up their hands. ” No opposition was offered, lip went the hnuds of all. While this was taking place three of the robbers were at work upon the safe in the baggage car. and the riuging blows dealt upon it could be distinctly heard. The robber who guarded the door talked constantly and in a jocular strain, say.ng that he was a relative of Jesse Janies, and that he had fifteen men guarding the train and intended to make a clean sweep of all the money and valuables belonging to the passengers. “You will," said he, “have a cnuuce to contribute to the missionaries. " As he spoke he was joined by a second robber, who, flourishing a pistol, began snatching watches and pocketbooks indiscriminately and tossing them into n sack he carried. He went through the car in about ten minutes. By the time he had finished the safe was burst open and plundered, and the passengers in the rear cars having been relieved of their money, the robbers told the passengers to remain in the car for ton minutes, as it would be unhealthy for them to venture forth before that time. They then plunged into the woods, disappearing in a westerly direction. The following is a list of the principal victims: H. B. Dow, of the firm of Cole & Dow, of Little Rook, lost nearly SSOO. L. Thompson, of Pine Bluff, Ark., lost a gold watch and $lO in silver. Z. T. Hedges, of Little Rock, lost n gold watch and a small sum «of money. W. Richards, of Little Rock, lost a gold watch and money. W. Dyer, engineer of tho snag-boat Reese, lost n sum of money. J. M. Blair and wife, lost $lO or sls. Matt Coen, of Littlo Rock, lost $7. John W. Dillon, of the firm of William ltesor & Co., of St. Louis, could not tell how much he lost. J. C. Duncan, of San Antonio, Tex., a stockman, lost SBO. Mr. Dunoon savod a largo sum by hiding it under his seat-cushion. Geo. W. Atkins, of Pine Bluff, lost S2O. T. B. Martin, of Little Rock, lost $5. Freeman Smith, of the firm of H. Waterman & Co., of St. Louis, lost $2. He saved a package containing SBOO by’hiding it in his boot. J. W. D. Cook, of Atlanta, Gn., lost only sl. Robert Allen, of Little Hock, lost $10.50. C. Z. Williams, of tho Cole Manufacturing Company, of Memphis, Tenn., lost $170; Thos. B. Martin, of Little Rock, lost a gold watch. J. S. Whiting, of Little Rock, losj; a watch and chain and S2O. In addition tho roadmnster and all the train hands lost sums ranging from SSO to SIOO. Tho ex-, press car of the Southern Express Company is said to have contained about $2,000. The ' total amount secured by the robbers is os- * timatod at SB,OOO. Little Rook has been in a state of great"' excitement all day on account of the affailr. Early this morning bloodhounds were put, on the trail of the robbers, and followed them straight into the city. Before noon Joseph Cook, J. C. Jones, John Clifford, Charles Campbell, and a boy named Parker, five in all, hud been arrested. Jones will probably be released. Three of those arrested have been identified as among the robbers. The State has offered SI,OOO for the capture of tho lobfcers, to which the railroad company has added a like sum. Circumstances point strongly against Cook, Clifford and young Parker. In addition to their being identified, it is proven that they were away from their boarding-house until 2 o’clock this morning.

OUR GOVERNORS.

A I.lst of the Executive* In the Thirtyeight HtatoM and the President'* Appointee* In the Territories. The following is a list of all the present Governors, several of whom hold over, and of the Governors-elect throughout the thirty-eight States, together with the President’s appointees in the Territories: Present Holdover or State. incumbent. Governor-elect, Alabama.E. A. O’Neal, D...E. A. O'Neal, D.* Arkansas Jas. H. Berry, D... Simon P. Hughes, D Callf’rniaGeo. Stoneman, D.Oeo. Stoneman. D. Colorado. James B. Grant, D.B. H. Eaton, R. Conneo’t/fhos M. Waller. D.H. B. Harrison, B. Delaw’re.O. C. Btocklev, D. .0. 0. Stockley, D. Florida . .W. D. Bloxham, D.E. A Perry, 1). Georgia. .H. D. McDaniel, D.H. D. McDaniel, D.* Illinois...J. M. Hamilton, R.R. J. Oglesby, It. Indiana. .A G. Porter, R... .Isaac P. Gray, D, lowa B. R. Sherman, R.B. R. Sherman, R. Kansas ..G. W. Gllck, D.,..John A. Martin, R. Kent'oky J. P. Knott, D ,T. P. Knott, D. LouslanaS. D. McEnerv, D.B. D. McEnery, D.* Maine.... Frederick tioblo,K.Frrderlck Iloble.R.* Maryl'ndß. M. McLane, D..H. M. Me Lane, D. Massc’tts G. D. Robinson, R.G. D. Robinson, R.* Michigan J.W. Begole, D.... Russell A Alger, R. Minn L. F. Hubbard, R...L. F. Hubbard, R., Miss Robert Lowry. D ..Robert Lowry, D. Missouri.T. T. Crittenden, D.J. S. Marmaduke.D NebraskaJ. W. Dawes, D....J. W. Dawes, D. Nevada..J.W. Adams,D J. W. Adams, D. New H.. .Samuel W. Hale, R.Moody (.urrler, R. N. Jersey Leon Abbett, D Leon Abbett, D, NewYorkGrover Cleveland, DGrover Cleveland.+ N. Car'at Thomas J. Jarvis, D. Alfred M. Scales, D 0hi0... .George Hoadly, D.. George Hoadly, D. Oregon. .Zenas F. Moody, R.Zenas P. Moody, R Penn’a. ..Robt. E. Patlleon.D Robt.E.Patttson, D Rhode I.Aug. O. Bourne, R Aug. O. Bourne, R* 8. Caro a.H. S. Thompson, D.H. S.Thompson,D* Tenn Wm. M. Bate. D Wm. M. Bate, D.* Texas.... John Ireland, D....Johnlreland, D*. Vermont. John L. Bars tow, R. Sami. E. Plngree, R Virglnla.W.E. Cameron, Read.W. E. Cameron, W. Va.... Jacob Jacknon.D E. W. Wilson, D. Wiscon'nJere. M. Rusk, R.... Jere. M. Rusk, R.* Territory. Present Appointee. Alaska... John H. Kincaid ot Nevada. Arizona. .Frederick A. Trltle of Nevada. Dakota. .Gilbert A. Pierce of Illinois. Idaho....WilliamM. Bunn of Pennsylvania. Montana Vacant.; N. Mex.. Lionel A. Sheldon of Ohio. Utah Eli H. Murray of Kentucky. Wash’n..Watson C. Squire of New York. Wyoml’g William Hale of lowa. ♦Re-elected, twill resign in January and be succeeded by David B. Hill, at present Lieutenant Governor. IJobn Schyler Crosby, late Governor, is now First Assistant Postmaster General. His successor has not yet been appointed. “OCida" complains that the papers lie about her. She says one enterprising correspondent describes her housekeeper under the impression he was writing up “Ouida” herself. Pope Urban. VIII. issued a bull against the use of tobacco in churches, and urged the priesthood to abstain from it entirely. Steps have been taken in New York toward erecting a $30,000 monument to Father Mathew, of temperance fame. Some of the Canadian papers printed President Arthur’s message in full.