Democratic Sentinel, Volume 8, Number 22, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 27 June 1884 — Page 3

GUANO STATESMANSHIP.

: Extracts from the Congressional Record of Candidate Blaine. ;His Voice Was For and His Vote Against Remonetizing Silver, .But He Was Not a “ Deadhead ’’ in the Interest of Subsidized Monopolies. Previous to the meeting of the National Republican Convention, the Daily News, of Chicago, predicted that, in the event of Blaine’s nomination for the Presidency, the advocates ■of the Kennebec man would be put upon the defensive, and be compelled to conduct a campaign of denial and explanation. The prediction has been verified, in a measure, as the Chicago Tribune, one of Blaine’s foremost ■champions, has already devoted some columns to a vindication of the ex-Sec-letary’s connection with the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railway. Following are some extracts from the Daily News article with regard to course while in Congress: What He Will Have to Explain In Massa- . chusetts. On Jan. 22, 1878, Mr. Blaine made hie memorable attack upon Massachusetts in his remarks before the Senate in presenting the statue of William King, first Governor of Maine, as the .-gift of that State to the national statuary hall. He said William King was cnoeen to represent Maine in the national gallery, because first of .-all he was influential in erecting the district of Maine into a free State, and continued: “The connection of the district with Massachusetts had become exceedingly distasteful, I might say intolerable, to the majority of our’people, and a feeling amounting well • nigh to rancor and hatred could be satisfied witfc nothing less than .-separation. This dislike was mutual, and had been growing for years: was strongly inflamed by the war of 1812, and resulted in political ■differences. Massachusetts was deeply hostile to the war, and did all in her power to embarrass its prosecution. The majority of the people of Maine regarded the attitude of Massachusetts toward the General Government during that memorable struggle as thoroughly unpatriotic, if not treasonable.” The Chicago Tribune charged that Blaine made these remarks through a desire to obtain revenge, in the following editorial of Thursday, Jan. 24, 1878: Mr. Blaine, reinvigorated by the Hot Springs, .has once more besmeared his cheek with the ■war-paint and sallied forth from his wigwam in search of scalps. The setting up of a statue of William King, first Governor of Maine, in the national gallery supplied him with the opportunity. The refusal of Massachusetts to thank the commander of the Hornet for capturing the Peacock, her long refusal to consent to the partition of her old territory, and her refusal to vote for Mr. Blaine in the Cincinnati convention ■supplied him with a sufficiency of motives. In .reality, the motives were superfluous. Being in a belligerent mind, he simply placed a long ■chip on his shoulder and invited Massachusetts to knock it off, which Massachusetts proceeded -to do, regardless of the declaration of the late Mr. Webster that Massachusetts needs no defense. The unfortunate demise of Mr. Webster mad? it easier for Mr. Blaine than it otherwise -would have been, but still Mr. Hoar and Mr. Dawes may be credited-with having made a very -vigorous defense. How He Stood Astride the Silver Bill.

In January, 1878, Mr. Blaine introduced his .amendment to the silver bill then pending in the Senate. The object of his measure was to -enlarge the native weight of the silver dollar, to require that every legal tender above the amount ■of $5 should consist of one-half gold coin and -one-half silver dollars, and to provide for issuing treasury certificates for stamped gold and rsilver bars. In an editorial discussion of this bill the Chicago Tribune of Jan. 25,1878, says: No change in the standard value of the silver -dollar will be tolerated by the people who demand silver remonetization, because the demand is for the original dollar which was eliminated ■from the money system of the country without the consent of the people. ♦ * ♦ The proposition to reoulre that silver and gold ■coin shall be paid in equal proportions in order to constitute a legal tender is likewise subversive of the purpose of the movement for remonei tization. The essence and usefulness of the ■double standard require the option of paying in ■either metat * * • Mr. Blaine has made a mistake in introducing this bill unless he intended that it should serve •as a bridge to carry him over the silver men and away from the Wall street crowd. * » » Mr. Blaine's political strength lies among the Western people. , The Cincinnati convention demonstrated that. It is to the Middle, Western, and certain Southern sections that he must look for his future preferment outside of the contracted .sphere of a Maine representative. But the admiration, enthusiasm, and devotion of his friends in these sections will melt away if he shall array himself in an. agonism to their hopes »nd efforts in behalf of silver remonetization. They will never forgive any man who makes ■one of the one-third in the Senate that mav , eventually defeat the silver legislation in case of -a Presidential veto. Such a man will be in worse odor than the Credit Mobiler and salary--grab left behind them. On the morning of Saturday, Feb. 17, 1878, the ■silver bill passed the Senate. Mr. Blaine was .among the twenty-one Senators who voted against it. The Chicago Tribune of Sunday, Feb. 17, 1878, gives an editorial analysis of the vote, in which it says: “Mr. Blaine, with dramatic inconsistency, after declaring that the demonetization of silver -was clearly deliberately voted against the bill remonetizing silver." Feb. 28,1878, President Hayes vetoed the sil--ver bill. It was promptly passed over his veto by both houses of Congress. James G. Blaine, •of Maine, was among the nineteen Senators who -voted against its final passage.

-Blaine’s Attitude Toward the Thurman Bill. During the winter of 1878 Thurman’s bill to •compel the subsidized Pacific Hailroads to proTide for the payment of the debt they owe the -Government was before Congress. There was a «trons lobby against the measure. In the Senate Mr. Blaine made a determined fight again-t it, and, according to an editorial in the Chicago Tribune of Thursday, April 11, 1878, offered an amendment providing that the Government surrender its rights to the railroads in -consideration of the bill.” The Tribune’s telegraphic account of the passage of the bill, Wednesday, April 10,1878, declared that Thurman's determined attack upon Blaine’s amendment, "as the most complete surrender of the public interests to the greed of the railroad companies that any man had ever been bold enough ■to propose in either house of Congress, and worse in its effect than the loss of all the money ■owed by the roads to the Government, made the weaker members hesitate to sanction it.” In this account of the debate the Tribune puts Blaine in the position of complimenting Jay Gould’s management of the roads. A few days later Mr. Blaine complained upon the floor of toe Senate that he had been misrepresented, which brought out the following editorial from the Tribune of Thursday, April 18, 1878: Mr. Blaine has taken the trouble to deny from This seat in the Senate the correctness of a dispatch printed in the Tribune, in which it was asserted that he had usedin debate lanauage complimentary to Jay Gould. We give Mr. Blaine the benefit of his denial. It concerns -an immaterial and trival question. The people ■do not care whether his language was complimentary to Jay Gould or not. The important point is that his vote was complimentary to Jay Gould; that he—a defeated aspirant to the Presidency, but still a claimant tor the Republican nomination—voted to continue the Pacific Railroad fraud upon the Government for twenty-two years. Mr. Blaine’s extraordinary conduct in the Senate when this bill was pending astonished and grieved his friends. It seemed to show that he was under some obligation to the railroads: that be was “not a deadhead in their «nterprise.”and that his obligation was so binding m its character as to force him to commit a serious indiscretion, from a political point of view. He straddled the bill with an amendment, -as he had straddled the silver bill before, and attempted in tiffs manner to defeat the plain and equitable adjustment proposed ■by Messrs. Thurman and Edmunds. His amendment ■agreed to surrender the Government's "right to amend or repeal.” Mr. Blaine pretended not to know what the fuM effect of this amendment was. He advocated It with a child-like and bland assu ance that there could be no objection to it, an I that its adoption would insure his support of the bill. Mr. Edmunds attempted to enlighten him, showing that the amendment would "•tie the Government up in a bag” for twentytwo veers, but this information was wasted on Mr Blaine. His amendment being rejected, as he knew it must be unless the Senate was com-

pcaed of knaves or idiots, he voted against the bid, making the loss of his amendment a pretext. We recite these circumstances yith the less pleasure because they are calculated to injure Mr. Blaine in public estimation, and he is already sunk low enough. Blaine and the Lumber Thieves. Occasional references have been made to Mr. Blaine's relations toward “lumber thieves. ” Exactly what is meant by these is shown by the following editorial, which appeared in the Chicago Tribune. March 8, 1878: The history of the pine-log bill, which the President has just returned to Congress without his approval, is curious and Instructive. It was avowedly designated to protect the interests of certain persons accused of stealing timber from the Government lands. The protection intended to be procured by it was two-fold—first, as against past offenses, and secondly, as a cover and authorization of future depredations. * The timber depredations have continued for a long term of years, and have resulted in an enormous loss to'the Government. Timber lands in the West are not subject, as arable lands are, to the homestead or pre-emption acts. There is no law providing for the sale of timber. The settler must take it or buy it from others who have taken it without|authority of law. In practice, the settlers have generally bought from companies engaged In cutting timber from Government lands. The object of Secretary Schurz has been to fine these companies a part of the profits they have derived from their sales.

The position of Secretary Schurz and the President being thus sound and jnst, it becomes an interesting inquiry, how did the pine log bill happen to pass. Its success in the House was due to the importunity of a number of Southern members, particularly those from Louisiana, who knew how to influence their Democratic colleagues in favor of the bill. In the Senate the bill owed its success to the personal efforts of Mr. Blaine. It was returned from the Judiciary Committee with an adverse report, but Mr. Blaine, having a grievance to air, spoke vehemently m its behalf, and described the hardships of certain hypothetical settlers in Montana in Slowing and pathetic language. He advocated le bill on personal grounds, because he had, or fancied he had, a just resentment against Secretary Schurz, who has long been his political adversary. Mr. Blaine’s Hatred of Carl Schurz. Throughout Mr. Blaine’s service in the Senate he never omitted an opportunity to be “aggressive ” toward any man who had ever stood in his light. Carl Schurz was especially an object of his dislike in connection with the latter’s action In regard to the Montana timber thieves. On this point we find the following in the Chicago Tribune of March 14.1884: Senator Blaine’s hostility to Secretary Schurz has placed him in the attitude of the especial champion and defender of the Montana timber thieves. It is charitable to presume that Mr. Blaine’s course is to be accounted for by the fact, not that he loves the timber thieves more, but the Secretary of the Interior less. At the same time it is a little awkward to feel constrained to apologize for larceny on a tremendous scale in order to gratify a political grudge. And again, on March 19, 1878: Mr. Blaine’s case against Secretary Schurz appears to be that Prussia isn't much of a country. Secretary Schurz is a native of Prussia; a reflection on that country is supposed to be a reflection upon him; and it is, in Mr. Blaine’s opinion, a great reproach upon Prussia that she contains fewer square miles than Montana. This disgraceful insufficiency of area of Mr. Schurz’s native land is esteemed by Mr. Blaine a complete rejoinder to the Secretary’s argument in the timber-land controversy and a vindication of the thieves. We do not agree with this opinion. And still again on March 25,1878: If Mr. James G. Blaine ever had any prospect of becoming the Republican nominee for President in 1880, he will most effectually destroy all such probabilities if he persists in his present course in making enemies among the prominent men of his own party. His recent assault upon Massachusetts was in exceeding bad taste, but not more so than his sneer at Secretary Schurz because of his foreign birth. Mr. Blaine not only publicly insulted a Cabinet officer, who is certainly the peer of the Senator from Maine in all the characteristics of a well-bred gentleman, but Mr. Schurz is the representative of a powerful and intelligent body of adopted citizens, who have always been a mighty factor of the Republican party in the West. When Mr. Blaine is in want of votes at the next nominating convention, as he was sorely in need of them at Cincinnati, he will not be likely to taunt any of the delegates with having been born in Prussia. Blaine and Steamship Subsidies. When the postoffice appropriation bill was before the Senate in 1878, Mr. Blaine supported an amendment establishing a sea service with Brazil. Senator Edmunds secured the defeat of the amendment, and was complimented in the following language by the Tribune of May 15, 1878: That solid old Roman, Senator Edmunds, of Vermont, who never lets an opportunity slip to expose a steal or unearth a fraud, got in a stunning blow at the subsidies yesterday, which demoralized the army of lobbyists waiting with breathless suspense in the ante-rooms of the Senate to learn the fate of their pet project—the proposed appropriation in aid of a steamship line between certain ports in the United States and Brazil. Of Mr. Blaine’s support of Roach’s Brazilian scheme, the same paper remarked April 25, 1878: Mr. Blaine seems to be owned by a steamship company as well as by a railroad. If he could induce a telegraph monopoly to invest in him he might be called the incarnation of modern progress.

Is He the Great North American Straddler? Among the measures before Congress during the session of the winter and spring of 1878 was one to revise the tariff laws, one to repeal the national bankruptcy act, and another to provide for the distribution of the Halifax fisheries award. According to the Tribune files covering that period, Mr. Blaine’s position upon all these propositions was equivocal and not such as would have been dictated by wise statesmanship. He opposed the first bill by introducing in the Senate a resolution declaring it inexpedient to legislate upon the tariff at that session, but spoke and voted for the repeal of the bankruptcy act. Soon after the Halifax award came before the Senate he introduced a resolution calling tor the correspondence relating to the appointment of Delfosse as the third Commissioner for the distribution of the fund. At that time he said it was unjust to pay the $5,500,000 required by the Washington treaty, and declared that the English Government evidently deceived the Government in securing Delfosse’s appointment. When the correspondence asked for came before the Senate Mr. Blaine declared, in a speech delivered March 26, that it was plain from this correspondence that Delfosse had been forced upon our Government. He would be willing, however, to pay the $5,500,000 demanded if that would burv the matter out of sight, but he found it was'only the beginning of the trouble. The entire subject was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, which recommended that the Executive Department be authorized to pay the award, if, after correspondence with Great Britain, the President shall deem payment demanded by the honor and good faith of the nation. This report was adopted without objection from any one. In discussing Mr. Blaine’s position upon these and other questions the Tribune of May 14. 1878, says editorially: Mr. Blaine has now straddled: 1, The silver question; 2, the Halifax-award question; 3, the timber-stealing question; 4, the ta iff question; 5, the bankrupt-repeal question; 6, the Pacific Railroad question. There are several questions yet to hear from, and we feel authorized to say that Mr. Blslne will straddle them severally as they approach him. He is now engaged in meeting “ questions” in this manner; and, unless some mishap befalls him, he will clear the entire field of economies and politics before harvest. This conduct is supposed to be prudent and statesmanlike in a Presidential candidate. We feel, hpwever.that it is not just to the honorable State of Maine, which is entitled to have two thinking and voting members of the United States Senate. Mr. Blaine onght to stop straddling and resign for tills reason.

Blaine’s Chili-Peru Guano Statesmanship. Mr. Blaine’s connection with the Landreau guano claim is of such recent date that all must remember it. In that matter he was pursuing the ” vigorous foreign policy” which his friends now wish to foist upon the country again. When Mr. Blaine became Secretary of State he was waited upon by the representatives of these interests claiming the right to large guano fields in Pera. The first was presented by Jacob R. Shipherd, as the representative of the Peruvian company, which claimed to act under a charter from the State of Georgia, and to own by right of assignment the interest of Gelacio Cochet. This person was the illegitimate son of Alexander Cochet, a subject of France, who discovered the uses of guano tor fertilizing in 1840, and by right of those discoveries claimed he was entitled to one-third interest of the guano of Peru, valhed at $500,000,000. Cochet’s case was investigated by a commission of French and Peruvian citizens in 1861 and decided adversely to him. The second claim was made by Jean Theophile and J. C. Landreau, the former a Frenchman and the latter claiming to be a citizen of this country. They also alleged that they had discovered new deposits of nitrates and guano in Peru about 1844, valued at $400,000,060. Un ter the law of Peru they contended that they w re entitled to a one third interest, but before making the dis -overy k own agreement w.is made with t o Peruvian Government by which they were to receive 10 per cent, of the net proceeds of the guano discovered. After unsuccessful efforts to enforce the cbim through the Peruvian

and French Governments, the matter was brought-before Secretaries Fish and Evarts, bnt neither of them would consent to any official intervention on the p rt of the American Minister. The third interest was owned bv the Credit Industrie!. a French company which h'ld a large quantity of Peruvian bonds, and the company was anxious to prevent Chili, wh ch was then at war with Peru, irom absorbing Peruvian territory.

When Shiperd called upon Blatne as the representative of the owners of Cochet’s alleged claim he told him he would like to have him notify Peru and Chili that there mu»t be no settlement without the leoognition of these American rights. Shiperd a' so spoke a good w<rd for the Landreau claim, and left the Secretary of State with the assurance that he should get what he wanted. In the meantime Gen. Hurlbut was appointed Minister to Peru, and s Red lor Lima, July 2, 1881, the day of President Garfield's assassination. While at Lima waiting for the full particulars of Gultean’s crime he received Blaine's celebrated letter, in which he was instructed to say that the Government of the United States will expect some adequate and proper means to be provided by which Laudreau can obtain a judicial decision upon his rights." If Peru is compelled to surrender any of the guano deposits to Chili Mr. Hu. Ibut is instructed to say that the Government should stipulate in the treaty “for the pieservation and payment to Landreau of the amount due under his contract," and to notify both Governments of the character and status of the claim in order that “no definite treaty of peace shall be made in disregard of the right ■ which Landreau mav be found to possess." The testimony taken by the Congressional committee t-hows that Blaine was using his position to secure the payment of private claims, in which the Government had no interest, and that his later policy was not in accord with his first instructions to our Minister or the views of President Garfield. All in the Blaine Family. Some curiosity has always existed as to the reason for Gail Hamilton's attack on Mr. Medill when she posted him in her “rogues' gallery" in the New York Tribune. It is to be found in the following squib which appeared in the Chicago Tribune April 25, 1878: “ Gail Hamilton’’ and Mrs. Blatne were said last year to have traveled on a railroad pass for Mr. Blaine and wife—the artful Dodge declaring to the puzzled conductor that she was Mr. Blaine. Since Mr. Blaine has come out in favor of subsidies for steamships, we infer that it won’t cost the family a cent to go to the Paris Exposition this summer.

Blaine’s War Record.

Hon. Eben F. Pillsbury, formerly of Maine, told at the meeting of the Bay State Club the following story of the distinguished military services of the “white-plumed Navarre of debate,” and of debate only; “I would like to know what he did during the war, although he was foremost in support of the party and policy that led to the war. When the war came, he didn’t volunteer, but he was drafted—the first name drawn from the box. Prior to that time he put some money in a pool gotten up for the purpose, and with the money derived from that pool he hired a substitute. His name was Bradford, and a place was provided for him at Augusta instead of going to the front. Afterward he was detected selling for money forged certificates of exemption papers, and was arrested and confined in jail until the close of the war. Then, gentlemen, after the war had closed, the men who had pooled and put up their money to furdish substitutes clamored because the cities and towns did not pay their expenses. Then the cities and towns issued bonds for every man who hired a substitute. Blaine got his bond of S2OO. Afterward a resolution was put into the Common Council of the city of Augusta to pay Blaine S2OO, and it was voted and passed, and he got his pay twice. Now, gentlemen, that is a true story of Blaine’s service in putting down the rebellion. One would suppose from the manner in which he breathed defiance to the men of the South after the war’ that he feasted on rebel meat morning, noon, and night."

Comment and Opinion.

The “Plumed Knight” has ordered a new set of plumes. They can be used on a hearse if necessary.— New York Journal. “Plumed Knights” are not half so much in demand as some good sound horse sense at the head of affairs.— Indianapolis Sentinel. Mr. Logan, one word with you: A Republican paper, the Chicago News, says that you are the author of the famous black laws of Illinois, passed Feb. 12, 1853. The first section of the law provided for the indictment of any person who brought a negro into Illinois, slave or free. The law provided that the negro should be sold at public auction. Mr. Logan, please explain the matter. — Ex. “Puck,” whose picture of Blaine as the tattooed man has been the most successful politi- al cartoon of the year, has dropped into campaign poetry, as follows: “When the grass Is sere and withered, Jimmy Blaine, Jimmy Blaine: When the grass is sere and withered, Jimmy Blaine, And the leaves are red and gold. And November found has rolled, Then the day for you’ll be cold, Jimmy Blaine.”

Mb. Tilden’s feelings are perhaps akin to those of Cardinal Richelieu when the latter exclaimed: “Would I were younger. By the knightly heart that beats beneath these priestly robes, I’d have pastime with these cutthroats.” Would in sooth the splendid old man at Greystone were younger. What pastime he would have, indeed, with the “Plumed Knight” and his horde of ravenous camp-followers. Chicago Times.

Mr. Blaine is a great statesman. There’s no doubt about it. He once called Mr. Conkling a turkey-cock. He allowed the Fort Smith Railroad Company to sneak its land-stealing bill through Congress. He destroyed the Mulligan letters, that would have shown his connection with that job. He “sloshed around” quite frantically in a good many bloody-shirt debates with the Confederate brigadiers in Congress, whom he never interfered with in the field. He wrote some pretty savage letters to the British Government about a canal that we didn’t have and are not likely to get. He tried to push the swindling claims of an adventurer against a little, crippled South American republic. He egged Garfield into a row with Conkling, and he has lately written an unreliable political history. Is anything more needed to prove that Mr. Blaine is a great statesman?— Chicago Times.

The chief objects of interest at Citra, Fla., are its orange groves—the largest in the world, their owners claim, and certainly the largest in Florida. For three miles along the borders of Orange Lake, covering an area of some four thousand acres, stretches one unbroken foiest of fragrant trees, laden with their golden harvest.

GARRISON GOES UNDER.

An Assignment by the Famous Millionaire for the Benefit of Creditors. 111-Health the Cause —The Action Claimed to Have Been Unnecessary. [New York telegram.] Cornelius K. Garrison has assigned to John T. Perry, with preferences amounting to $631,000. Commodore Garrison is well known as formerly deeply interested in the Pacific Mail, New Orleans and West India steamship lines, and is the largest stockholder in profitable gas companies in this city, St. Louis, New Orleans and other large cities. He was the principal owner of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, but sold out a few years ago to Jay Gould. He has been interested latterly in numerous railway schemes. He was formerly a resident of St. Louis, and made the bulk of his fortune prior to the rebellion.

The preferences amount to $631,390. distributed as follows: Bank of California $30,000 Bank of New York and National Banking Association 20,000 United States Trust Company 100,000 T. W. Pearsoil & Co 50,000 Notes of Eames <t Moore. 30,000 Michigan Car Company 70.000 Nason Manufacturing Company 18,000 Nason Machine Works 14,850 Caringan Bros 30,000 Danwood State Iron Company 4,744 Danworth Company. 2,850 Sundries 30,000 As soon as the announcement was made a crowd of friends visited the Commodore’s office, at No. 5 Bowling Green, where he was found prostrated from sickness and old age, which greatly aggravated his financial embarrassments. He said: “After consultation with my legal advisers, I have made up my mind to take this step, which I believe is for the best interests of myself and my creditors. A temporary pressure was brought to bear on me, and I could see no other way out of the difficulty than to turn my property over to an assignee.” The Commodore’s friends say that he is really unable to attend to business. The assignee said: “Owing to ill-health, the Commodore made an assignment as the best course. No schedule of assets and liabilities has yet been made. Until such schedules are made, the only opinion to be taken is that of his friends, who speak confidently of a large surplus after paying every liability. ” Mr. Rockafeller, of the Standard Oil Company, said: “It is undoubtedly true that the Messrs. Andrews are involved in Commodore Garrison’s trouble, but no matter what happens to them it can have ho effect on the Standard Oil Company. The Messrs. Andrews are simply stockholders, and can easily dispose of their holdings if they think necessary. Reports that officers of this company are in trouble are unqualifiedly false/’

Mr. Melville C. Hay, counsel for Commodore Garrison, said: “The Commodore has been forced to make this assignment because of financial embarrassment, and not for the purpose of evading any just claims which might be made upon him.” Commodore Garnson is deeply involved in the Pittsburgh, Cleveland and Toledo Railroad. He and W. C. Andrews indorsed the notes of the company. One note which was protested was for $50,000 and another for $150,000, both representing part of $300,000 in paper which had been issued by Hie railroad company. It is supposed that the total amount of the Commodore’s liabilities is about $5,000,000.” Solon Humphreys stated that the assignment was made solely on account of the advanced age of the Commodore, and that the assets of the estate are millions more than the liabilities. Commodore Garrison has long been a familiar figure to New Yorkers who in any way were brought into connection with Wall street. Of late years he has suffered from a stroke of paralysis, and he is best remembered as a tall man, with a sallow face and a slow, unsteady step. He was born at Fort Montgomery, N. Y., March 1, 1809, and the ruggedness of his constitution is attested by his defiance, at his age, of the effec' s of paralysis. He laid the foundation of his fortune in St. Louis, beginning his business life by steamboating on the Mississippi River, at a time when the turbulent character of the people ; living along its banks often called for the display of courage on the part of captains ■of river steamboats. William 0. Ralston was a clerk on the Convoy, the first boat that the Commodore commanded, and a friendship existed between the two men up 'to the unhappy death of Mr. Ralston in 1875. Late m the '4os Commodore Garrison established a banking house in PanaSia, interested himself in the steamship nes which were carrying the West India trade, and then went to San Francisco as the representative of the Nicaraguan line of steamers. In this position he received $60,000 a year, and as agent of 'several New York insurance companies he drew an income of $25,000. He was elected Mayor of San Francisco six months after his arrival there. The Commodore was the first cash subscriber for the exploration of a route for the Pacific Railroad, and he became practically the sole owner of what is now known as the Missouri Pacific Railroad. He sold his interest in this corporation to Jay Gould in 1879 for about $4,000,000. He removed to New York before the outbreak of the civil war, and in 1864 his son, William R., came here to end his life in the accident on the New Jersey Central Road, near Long Branch, in 1882. Among the steamship enterprises with .which Commodore Garrison was early associated were the California line and lines ito New Orleans, Savannah, and Brazil, and the United States and Mexico Mail Line. He was one of the original projectors of the Gilbert (now known as the Metropolitan) Elevated Railway, and was heavily interested in the New York Loan and Improvement Company, which built that road. Among other enterprises in which he enlisted was the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad.

ITEMS.

Foreigners own 20,647,000 acres of land in this country. It will cost Brooklyn SIOO,OOO to put the wires of her fire department under ground. The suit of the Czar of Russia consists of 105 Adjutants-General, 86 Majors-Gen-eral, and 104 aids-de-camp. Miss Kate Field has spent the winter among the Mormons of Salt Lake City, and will spend the summer at Newport. There is an unrepealed law in the District of Columbia which brands with a redhot iron the tongue of he who uses profane language. An advertisement in the Paris Figaro announces that a man of 36, titled, intelligent, and energetic, would accept any situation, even one perilous and requiring him to go far away, or marriage, in return for the payment of $20,000 of debt. Lord Shaftesbury wants the surplus of 30,000 English females sent to America.

PARTY PREFERENCES.

The Unit Rule to Prevail in the New York Democratic Delegation. __________________ • Gen. W. H. Calkins the Repub* lican Nominee for Gover* nor of Indiana. New York Democrats. The New York State Democratic Convention met at Saratoga, and was called to order by Chairman Manning. He named William E. Smith, of Clinton County, for temporary Chairman. In his speech an incidental mention of the name of Hancock brought on a storm of applause. Further on he mentioned the name of Tilden and the cheers were beyond control. In the roll call of delegates, when New York was reached, Col. Fellows announced that it had been agreed to equalize the representation by giving the County Democracy and Tammany each thirty-one and Irving Hall ten. A resolution to this effect was unanimously adopted, and the convention took a recess until evening.

The evening session of the convention was called to order at 9:15 by Chairman William E. Smith, and the report of the committee on contested seats was adopted. The committee on permanent organization reported in favor of a continuation of the temporary officers of the convention. Mr. Smith’s name was greeted with applause. A delegate from each Congressional district was named as Vice President and one as Secretary. The repoit was adopted. Nelson J. Waterbury, of New York, announced that the report of the Committee on Resolutions was unanimous, and that in the national convention not one word of division would be heard, except an expression of opinion as to who would be the best candidate for the Presidency. He went on to point out the necessity of a candidate whose name will be a guaranty of reform. He glanced at the platforms of 1874, 1876, and 1880, and said the resolutions embodied therein were applicable to the situation of to-day; that on the latter platform the Governor of this State was elected, an event which brought forth excellent results, and that the chief points of these platforms were retained in the present declaration of principles. Mr. Waterbury then read the platform, as follows: Resolved, That the Democracy of the State of New York, assembled to appoint Its delegates to the national convention of the party, commits to those delegates, In association with the representatives or the party from other States, the general declaration of Democratic principles upon national issues, at the same time recognizing that no issue can be more important than the election of a President of the United States whose character and public reputation shall give to the whole people the assurance of an honest, impartial and elticient administration of the laws, without suspicion of personal ends or private interests. Huolwd, That this convention adopts and affirms the resolutions of the conventions of the party in 1874, 1876, and 1882, to which the people of the State have given hearty approval ; that It recognizes the duty of the Legislature to respect the popular vote in 1888 for the übolitlon of the contract system of labor in the prisons, and that It heartily commends anew the efficient and upright administration of Gov. Cleveland. Resolved, That the delegates to the Democratic National Convention to be appointed are hereby Instructed to enter that convention as a unit and to act and vote as a unit In accordance with the will of the majority of the members thereof; every delegate, or alternate occupying place of delegate, to be bound by this rule, and in case of the absence of both the delegate and alternate from any district the vacancy to be tilled by a vote of the majority of the delegation. The reading of the resolutions was Interrupted by frequent applause and cheers for Cleveland and counter cheers for Flower. The resolutions were unanimously passed. Judges Andrews and Rappallo, of the Court of Appeals, were renominated to those positions with great enthusiasm. The following are the Congressional district delegates to Chicago: First, Beniamin Downing; Second, Felix Campbell; Third, W. C. Kingby; Fourth, Henry J. Cullen; Fifth, Archibald Bliss; Sixth, M. C. Murphy; Seventh, Abram S. Hewitt; Eighth, Michael Norton; Ninth, John Keenan: Tenth, Hubert O. Thomson: Eleventh, John Kelly; Twelfth, W. C. Whitney; Thirteenth, Andrew J. White; Fourteenth, William Stahlnecker; Fifteenth, Peter Ward; Sixteenth, S. J. Tilden, Jr.; Seventeenth, A. B. Parker; Eighteenth, Edward Murphy, Jr.; Nineteenth, A. Bleecker Banks; Twentieth, J. W. Green; Twenty-first, Smith M. Weed Twenty-second, Daniel Majors; Twen-ty-third, James Stephens; Twentyfourth. Stephen L. Moynan; Twenty-fifth, H. J. Mowery; Twenty-sixth, Elliott Danforth; Twenty-seventh, H. D. Brewster; Twenty-eighth, E. K. Apgar: Twenty-ninth, John Flanigan; Thirtieth, William Purcell; Thirty-first, James A. Hanlon; Thirty-sec-ond, Solomon Scheu; Thirty-third, John M. Wiley; Thirty-fourth, Charles D. Murray. After the appointment of the State Committee and of electors the convention adjourned sine die.

Indiana Republicans. The Indiana Republican State Convention met at Indianapolis, and was called to order by John Overmeyer, Chairman of the State Central Committee. After prayer, Stanton J. Peelle was elected permanent President and W. A. B. Roberts, o's Sullivan, Secretary. Nominations for Governor were made the first thing in order, the Committee on Resolutions not being able to report. W. H. Calkins of LaPorte, Col. W. W. Dudley of Wajne, and Gen. John P. C. Shanks of Jay were named. The name of Postmaster General Gresham was not presented. Before the balloting commenced R. W. Thomson, from the committee, reported the platform, which is os follows: The Republicans of Indiana, in State convention assembled, ratify and adopt the platform of the recent Rational Republican Convention at Chicago as a comprehensive and sufficient declaration of their faith ana purposes In respect to all questions of national scope and character, and they ratify and approve the nomination of James G. Blaine and John A. Logan for the offices of President and Vice President of the United States, and pledge to them the united and earnest support of the Republican party of Indiana. [The remaining planks are of local importance.] Ladies are so scarce in Modoc County, California, that a youthful Pennsylvania maiden of 84 summers recently received sixteen offers of marriage, with no end of inducements, during a twenty-four-hours’ stay in the place. Congressman Ochiltree is pushing a scheme in the House of Representatives by which it is proposed to appropriate $7,000,000 for the improvement of Galveston harbor in accordance with Capt. Eads’ plans. Sarah Bernhardt is engaged—for seven years at the Porte St. Martin Theater.

INDIANA. STATE NEWS.

—Mrs. Eleanor Thompson, of Federalsburg, has been the mother of twenty-one children, fourteen boys and seven girls. —Mayor Hazlett, of Anderson, has issued a proclamation ordering the strict enforcement of the Sunday law. This means the closing of all stores and livery-stables. —Charles A. Fisher, for five years Deputy Postmaster of Greencastle, has been appointed Postmaster at Aberdeen, Dakota. He has been a resident of Aberdeen one year. —Feather-bed swindlers (a new dodge) are operating in Southern Indiana. They get possession of the family feather-bed under pretense of renovating the feathers, and never return it. —Frank Arbuckle, of Walker Township, Rush County, caught his hand in some of the machinery of Nathan Arbuckle’s mili, and had the flesh literally tom from his bones. He lived in extreme agony for several days, when relieved by death. —D. J. Salisbury, one of the oldest settlers of Porter County, committed suicide at his home in Valparaiso, by shooting himself in the head with a heavily-loaded shotgun. The deceased had been suffering from ill health for some time past. —Frank Kersey, a boy about 15 years old, got into a street difficulty with Al Hinton, another boy about 14 years old, at Lebanon, During the difficulty Hinton stabbed Kersey in the abdomen. Kersey died from the effect of the wound. —'Squire Thomas Jones, one of the bestknown and most respected men in Shelby County, fell dead from his buggy while driving in the southern portion of the county. He was in his seventy-third year, and has settled more estates than any man in Indiana. * —A 2-year-old son of David Zook, who lives ten miles west of Franklin, was killed by a horse. The horse, while grazing in the yard, stepped upon his halter-strap, causing him tb back suddenly and trample the child under foot, inflicting injuries from which he died in about one hour.

—At his home, twelve miles southwest of Salem, Cyrus Simpson, aged 25 years, dug np a root that he supposed to be edible. He ate the root, giving part to his small brother and sister. The root proved to be wild parsnip, and Cyrus died in an hour. The boy and girl are out of danger, —The 18-year-old son of William R. Pittingor, living eight miles northeast of Muncie, met with a tragic death recently while cultivating ground with a clod-roller. The horses became frightened, ran away, and he was thrown in front of the machine, and, after being dragged a considerable distance, was run over and killed. t —lt is reported that a large cave, possibly a rival of Wyandotte and Mammoth, has been discovered near Merom, Sullivan County, the entrance having been unearthed by a recent land-slide. A skeleton of a man and a dog and a number of Indian relics were found in it. It has been named the Blue Creager, in honor of the two men, bearing these names who discovered it.

—The School Trustee muddle at Anderson was recently settled very quickly in the City Council. • Mr. G. W. Durbin withdrew his name, explaining as he did so that the fight against him had been caused by jealousy and personal matters, and he feared, in case of his election, the strife might be carried into the schools, much to their detriment. He therefore named H. J. Daniels as the man for the place, and Mr. Daniels was accordingly elected. —The last will of the late Harriet Judah, of Vincennes, has been probated. All of her vast estate is equally divided among her three sons, John M. Judah, Indianapolis; Noble B. Judah, Chicago, and Sam B. Judah, of Vincennes; her daughter, Mrs. Alice Clarke, and the children of the late Gen. Laz Noble. The latter will receive a fifth, which would have been the share of their late mother. The estate is worth $250,000 at least.

—The experts who have been examining the books of ex-Treasurer J. W. Richardson, of Pike County, have presented their third and final report, which charges a delinquency of $9,725. The experts were engaged for several months upon the books at an expense of $lB per day, and finally the County Commissioners declarred the investigation at an end. Mr. Richardson claims entire innocence, and proposes to have the books thoroughly examined himself.

—A daring robbery occurred in Shelby County one night recently. William Kastor is a wealthy farmer who resides in Marion Township. Living with him are two farm hands. The other night, as the latter were passing into the house about 10 o’clock, they heard a noise in the milk-house. They started to enter, but just as they reached the door two men dashed out, and, although chased a short distance, they escaped. It was presumed by the young men that the thieves were bent on stealing something to eat, and nothing more was thought about the matter till the next day, when it was discovered that during the night Mr. Raster had been robbed of almost S3OO in gold and silver coins. This money was in a bureau drawer, and the most of it had been in Mr. Raster's possession since before the war. In the same place was $230 that the thieves overlooked ! n their haste. —The flower mission of Jeffersonville and New Albany, visited the Southern Prison one Sunday recently, and held religious services there, afterward presenting each convict with a bouquet. —The Superintendent of Schools for Steuben County reports that there is no child in his district between 10 and 21 years of age unable to read and write. —lndianapolis has a “When” Club, tha nature of which is not known.