Democratic Sentinel, Volume 6, Number 25, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 21 July 1882 — What It Is All About. [ARTICLE]

What It Is All About.

From 639 to 1517 Egypt wm rated byto« “fc.. 'dependelSt'M<3Bl6ml , rince«. FrooTi6l7 to 1811 the country was under the .gfeolate Turkey. After ay Engliffjt hemot Ali was appointed rebelled against hlrii, bufaftar a settee he became virtual master of the oodßry. Mw along conflict with Turkey be ypecufM the recognition of liir dynasty fromAthe Saltan, the five great powers of Europe guaranteeing tho succession and the fulfillment of conditions on the part of Turkey. In this way Egypt came into Eurbpean'polidos as the ward of the nations, the powers aU having an lutoceat iu U» conduct of her affair! In 1806 the Sugaq. the ruler of Egypt the title of King <1 KhttliVe.and in 1873 granted to tho KkodlWr Ismail L) the right to conclude treaties with foroigu powers and to maintain armies. This mado tho Khedive virtually independent, and ho prooeoded to inaugurate a graud ays* tom of public improvements. His not wolluircotoJ cuthuslMiu ended in the distress of his pcop'o ind of the conutry, •nd in 187% affcafthere had l>eon years of reckless cxpHußTlfti nnd .JOoso management, England and France interfered undor a clause of the guarantee of 1841, compelled Ismail L to abdicate, put Mohammed Tewfik, tl* present Khedive, on thtf throne, and placed tho administration of affair# under the supervision of two representing the two European Governments. In 1880 the Khedive appointed an International Oonuisss'on of Liquidation to examine tho financial situation of Egypt aud frame a law regulating the relations tietwoen Egypt and her creditors. Both of those steps,were tskou with the consent of all the kuaranteainsr powers, and for a time it soemod~that tho Controllers General would carry out without difficulty maay.peeded reforms. A great deal was accomplished, but the European methods, while they admittedly made the" condition of the people bo i tor, oxcited the prejudice of tho Arabs, or Mohammedans, and this dissatisfaction was enoouraged by Turkish emissaries. Among the younger men ;o£ the Mohammedan party was Arabi Bey, jvho, after an adventurous career i*my, became Minister of War. He was fronithe first dissatisfied with European management ip Egypt, and his influence there was established the Chamber of Notables. This is composed of seventyfive chiefs or leaders chosen from among the wealthier natives, and its establishment was proclaimed as the first step toward constitutional government, the claimants igndMfig tßg" fact that the Board of Control bad given the country the first semblance of constitutional government it had experienced.. The Chamber of Notables, selected by the army, or under the influence of the army, became the creaturo of the War Minister, and soon came in conflict, with the Kjredive and tho Controller* Ge3firak" This oop4(ptripencd into open rebellion omthe part of fjmn'e followers, and the Khedive was held for virtually a prisoner. . ■fee' England and France primarily, and Germany, Austria and Russia in an inoidwafnl wav, were under obligations to Stand by the Khc live and the Controllers General, and very eaily in the agitation England made the demand that Arabi Bey be retired and the statu quo re-established. i’he Khedive was powerless, and could not comply with tha demand. Turkey, put forward her claim to intervene in such cases under old treaties, and negotiations were opened making the matter of settlement a European question. In tho meantime Arabi B y was encouraged in his attitude of hostility by agents representing »he jealousies ofthe 'several nations and the boar interest in bonds, and for weeks the question was given an artificial color through the manipulation of speculators. - England, having made the demand that the Khedive and the Controllers General should be re-established in full authority, prepared quietly to stand by it, and, after a conference at Constantinople, the representatives of the powers decided that, under certain contingencies, England should take the initiative in &nnq£ intervention. Arabi Bey was ordered tjrsuspendw° rlt oa toe Alexandria -fortifications, this work, with tho fleets of Europe in the harbor, being an act of hostility. He did not comply, and at the expiration of twenty-four hours’ notice the fleet opened Are on the forts with the results noted in the dispatches. In this action England represents Europe, and there is no chance for misunderstanding on this point. But op the iqnpstion of .flow far she may proceed after bombardment there is chance for misunderstanding at every step, and there is a possibility of half of Europe becoming involved m the trouble.