Democratic Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 48, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 10 January 1879 — Page 1

Sjtnwcratiq §tnfinrl A. DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED EVERT FRIDAT, *-BT JAMES W. MoEWEN. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. One copy one y**r SI.W One copy *ix month*..... I.M One copy thifte month* M tWAdverttaing rate* on application

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

FOREIGN NEWS. Many Russian students, arrested for participation in the recent disturbances, have been banished to Siberia. A public whipping on a big scale has taken place at St Petersburg, where 200 rioters were flogged as a penalty for resistance to the police authorities. ’ There were over 15,900 commercial failures in Great Britain during 1878, or 4,000 more than in 1877. A dispatch from Constantinople says a thirty-eight-ton gun burst at Ismid, during practice on the British man-of-war Thunderer. 'Fhe vessel’s turret was destroyed, seven men killed, and forty wounded. In France, a sudden thaw has caused many of the rivers to overflow their banks, doing considerable damage to property. Gen. Grant arrived in Dublin, Ireland, on the 3d inst He was presented with the freedom of the city. The Town Council of Cork, in Ireland, refused to give a public reception to Gen. Grant. Moncasi, the assassin who tried to kill the King of Spain in October last, has been executed. The Senatorial elections in France have resulted in a great victory for the Republicans. They will have nearly sixty majority in the next Senate. Another heavy bank failure is reported from England—the Gornish Bank, at Truro, with several branches, and deposits amounting to £5,000,000.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. XCaat. Ex-Gov. Steams, of New Hampshire, is dead. By the burning of a bam at East Orange, N. J., two young men were burned to death. An old woman and the watchman lost their lives by the burning of a small house attached to the Irving House, at New London, Ct. Three men are reported killed by an explosion of the nitro-glycerine works at Upper Preakness, N. J. The three men killed were torn into fragments and blown in every direction. A brother of Benjamin Hunter, the convicted Camden (N. J.) murderer, has asked Gov. McClellan for a special session of the Court of Pardons, to consider the commutation of the death sentence, on the ground that Benjamin is of unsound mind. The scarlet fever is playing havoc with the young people of New York. There were 180 deaths from this disease in that city last week. The Bryant memorial exercises, at the Academy of Music, New York, on the 30th ult., were of a very imposing and impressive character. George William Curtis was the orator of the occasion, and President Hayes, Secretory Evarts, Gen. Sherman, Gov. Tilden, Peter Cooper, Gen. Hancock and a large number of other distinguished persons were among the spectators. There were 917 failures in New York city in 1878, with liabilities amounting to >64,000,000. Caleb Cushing died at his residence in Newburyport, Mass., on the 2d of January, after an illness of brief duration. He was 78 years old. West. Advices from Breathitt county, Ky., report that the new County Judge, Randall, has had all the ringleaders of the Little faction arrested, which has produced consternation and dismay among those concerned in the late difficulties, and that Breathitt is now one of the most peaceful counties in the State. None of the Strong party had been caught, but it -was the intention to arrest the leaders of that party as fast as they could be found. There were 7,361 deaths in the city of Chicago during the year 1878—the smallest number in any one year since 1871. A fire at Paris, Mo., destroyed $40,(XX) worth of property. Judge Charles T. Sherman, brother of Secretary and Gen. Sherman, died at Cleveland, Ohio, last week. A battery of three boilers at Htilman A- Fairbanks’ distillery, Terre Haute, Ind., the largest in the world, blew up with terrific? force the other day, killing two persons, demolishing the large boiler-room and creating great disaster and rum.

A committee of the Legislature of Oregon has just completed an investigation into the finances of the State Government, and have discovered that funds to the amount of about $97,000 have either been unaccounted for or paid out without authority of law. The committee’s report is very severe in its condemnation of Gov. Grover. Thursday, Jan. 2, was one of the coldest days experienced in the Northwest in many years, the mercury ranging from 15 to 30 degrees below zero, according to location. The Second Baptist Church, in St. Louis, has been destroyed by fire Loss, •140,000. During the progress of a feast at the Town Hall hi Barnesville, Ohio, some rascal nut croton oil in the food, and between 800 and 400 persons were taken violently i 1. For the third time within a period of seven years the Chicago Postoffice has been burned out It was located in the Honore building, on Dearborn street, one of the finest and prettiest blocks in the city. The loss by the fire is about $79,000, fully covered by insu'ance. ■ South. The Congressional Yellow Fever Commission met at New Orleans on the 30th nit, and proceeded with their investigation. Drs. Holliday and Holcomb, two leading physicians of that city, were examined. Both agreed that the fever originates in New Orleans every year from a germ which was originally imported there, and has become a part of the climate; that the epidemic was undoubtedly incurred by neglect in removing garbage, and by filling up streets with the offal and garbage of the city. A fire at Charleston, 8. C., destroyed a cotton-press warehouse and over 10,000 bales of cotton, valued at nearly $600,000. Four tramps were frozen to death at Glasgow Junction, Ky., during the late cold snap. The Rankin House, with thirteen large stores umlgrimth, at. Columbus, Ga., has been destroyed by fire. Lobs, $200,000. > Washington notes. The Secretary of the Treasury has called in for payment $10,000,000 additional 5-20 bonds, with the proceeds from the subscriptions to tfae 4 per cents. • The advocates of the Texa# Pacific Railroad bill say-that they have made a careful Mnvaw of the House and Senate, and find a wadn the House and six |q

The Democratic sentinel.

JAS. W. MoEWEN Editor.

VOLUME 11.

Senate in favor of the bill when it shall be put on its final passage. Senators Patterson, Garland and Grover, who in behalf of the Senate Committee on Territories have conducted an inquiry into the condition of affairs in the Indian Territory, recommend the enactment of legislation by Congress which shall provide for the erection of the Indian Territory into a Territory of the United States, and the conversion of the Indians nto citizens, amenable to Federal laws and competent to serve on United States Conrt juries. A new circular has been issued by the Secretary of the Treasury in regard to subscriptions to the 4-per-cent. bonds, in which it is stated that United States notes, as well as coin, can now be received for subscriptions; and that, instead of paying a commission on all subscriptions, the department will pay no commission on any subscription less than >IOO,OOO. The public-debt statement shows an increase of the debt for December of >1,233,785, and the following balances in the treasury; Coin, *224,865,477; currency, >4,515,550; currency held for the redemption of fractional currency, >10,000,000; specif deposit for the redemption of certificates of deposit, >3,455,000; coin and silver certificates, >24,076,830; outstanding legal tenders, >346,681,016; fractional currency, >16,108,154. The recent letter of the Secretary of the Interior, calling upon Gen. Sheridan for specific facts in support of his charges against the efficiency of the Indian service, has elicited a reply in the form of a report from Gen. Sheridan to Gen. She: man, in wiiich he specifies numerous instances of bar! management in the Indian service. A package of currency containing >IO,OOO was stolen from the Government Printing Office, by some adroit thief, a few days ago. The Government Directors of the Union Pacific railroad have sent their annual report to the Secretary of the Interior. They are of the opinion that the Union Pacific, in view of the extremely liberal aid that it has received from the Government, and the brilliancy of its success as a commercial enterprise, should be judged by the most severe standards known among the railroads of the country. Measured by this standard they report the deficiencies many and apparent.

POLITICAL POINTS.

The National Executive Committee of the Socialist-Labor party has issued an address to the working people, in which the action of the German Government in its dealings with the Socialists in that country is strongly condemned, and the workingmen all over the United States are called upon to testify in public meetings to be held for the purpose their approval of the sentiments embodied in the address. Clarkson N. Potter and Jacob D. Cox, a sub-committee of the Potter Investigation Committee, arrived at New Orleans on the 30th ult., for the purpose of prosecuting the inquiry that was cut short by Yellow Jack last summer. No other members could be prevailed upon to go. It was agreed that Potter’s vote should ho counted as two in order to avoid a tie on party questions. The Potter sub-committee began work at New Orleans on the 31st ult. by examining Oscar Arrayo, Secretary of State,* who produced the records of his office relating to the election of 1876. P. G. Deslonde, Secretary of State under Kellogg, testified to affixing his signature to the first set of Republican electoral certificates, but had no recollection of signing any second set Judge Billings and two or three other witnesses were examined, but nothing of an important character was elicited. A bundle of documents left in a store by Mrs. Agnes Jenks, and addressed to her, was produced before the committee. Among the documents was one purporting to be the alleged original “Sherman letter.” Chairman Potter made a statement to the press to the effect that these documents had been dropped by Mrs. Jenks for the purpose of imposing upon the committee. He declared that the so-called copy of the Sherman letter was a forgery.

At the second day’s session of the Potter Committee, in New Orleans, Mr. John Ray, counsel for Secretary Sherman, filed a communication setting forth that he had no intention of offering further evidence on the subject of intimidation in the .elections of 1876. Chairman Potter then announced that, inasmuch as several witnesses wanted by the committee were in Washington, the committee would adjourn to that city. In the meantime Mr. John Ray, representing Mr. Sherman, and another gentleman to be selected by the Chairman, would remain in New Orleans and take whatever testimony might be offered in rebuttal of the evidence already taken by the committee. Hon. E. B. Washburne denies the report that he has been tendered the post of Minister to Berlin, and says he would not accept it if it were. The people of Maine having failed, at the November election, to choose a Governor, owing to the fact that no one candidate received a majority of all the votes cast, the Legislature, as provided by the State constitution, has settled the matter by electing Alonzo Garcelon, Democrat Maine has not had a Democratic Governor before in over twenty years.

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS It is announced that Baring Bros. & Co., the great London banked, have made arrangements for running a line of fourteen steamers between Liverpool and Boston. The Swedish Polar expedition is reported blocked in the ice at East cape, north of the northern entrance to Behring strait, and much solicitude is felt for the safety of the party. The taking effect, on the 2d of January, of the Resumption law caused no excitement in the financial centers of the country. At the United States treasury, in Washington, no gold was paid out, even for interest on bonds, as Secretary Sherman had given orders to pay out gold in New York only. Persons who asked for gold when presenting their coupons were given coin drafts on the Assistant Treasure r_jn. New York. This fact created some comment of an unfavorable character. Treasurer Hillhouse, at New York, was prepared to meet .the probable rush for gold; but, contrary to general expectations, the demand was light, while in many instances greenbacks were preferred. The Manitoba blizzard that swept oyer the country on the 2d and 3d of January will be long remembered as one of the severest visitations of the kind in weather annals. It penetrated to every quarter of the land—East West, North and South. In the region of Bus - falo the cold wave was accompanied by a blinding snow-storm, blocking railroads and placing a complete embargo upon business of all kinds. Numbers of unfortunate people are reported frozen to death in. different sections of the country. Altogether it was a * spell of weather ” that wfll-not soon be forgotten.

Philadelphia bouts an export grain trade of 37(000,000 bushels this yew t

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 10,1879.

THE BLAINE INVESTIGATION.

Responses of Senators Blaine and Thurman to the Call of the Committee for Evidence. RLAINK. Mr. H. M. Teller, United State* Senate. Cliafrinan of; Senate Committee, etc. Dear Sib : I have this morning received your favor inclosing the following resolution adopted by your committee: SMoltul. Tliat the Son, JfMjpe* G. Blaine, thorn over of tlje resolution. be requested to specify in writing the particular class of frauds, outrages, and violence committed in the recent elections which the committee is expected to investigate, and to furnish such information and evidence as may be in his possession, and the names of witnesses he may wish to be examined. It cannot, of course, be the purpose of your honorable committee to limit the investigation to any particular class of frauds, outrages, and violence committed in the recent elections that may be ‘“specified ”by me. The resolution is the action of the Senate, speaking almost unanimously, and it is not for me to say what your committee is “ expected ” to investigate beyond what is expressed in the resolution itself in very explicit terms. It would be gro-s assumption in me to “ specify ” where the Senate itself has directed. But, anxious to indicate any detail&that mav expedite the labors of the committee, I Will call your attention specially to the tissue-ballot frauds in South Carolina; to the laws of that State, which made free voting impossible in certain counties; to the practice in that State of breaking up all meetings held to oppose the Democratic party unless Democratic speakers were allowed to take part in the discussions, and to all the methods by which in Sumter and other counties a full and free election was prevented. In Louisiana I invite your attention to the murders in Tensas parish on election day, anid to the frauds committed in the same; to the frauds and outrages upon the ballot in the city of New Orleans, and, even while I write, to the allege dassassinations of two witnesses while on their way to the United States Court to .testify against those who had robbed them of their rights on the day of election. I could make further specifications in these two States and in other Southern States, but I have not time. I am'just leaving for New England, and am compelled to postpone further details until after my return Among the witnesses I would name are James i B. Campbell, E. W. M. Mackey, and C. G. Mimminyer, of South Carolina; Gov. Nicholls; his j agent, Col. Zachary; ex-Chief Justice Ludeling, i of Louisiana; the Hon. Reuben Davis, of Mississippi ; J. Cole Davis, of Helena, Ark.; and the editor of the AvoZanc/te, a Democratic paper published in Memphis, Tenn. But I beg especially to refer you to a large mass of valuable information in the office of the Attorney General of the United States, already called for by the Senate, and soon, I presume, to be laid before your committee. This is official in its character, and in many cases has the weight and value of legal evidence, not requiring further examination of witnesses to authenticate and confirm it. In offering the resolution in the Senate I did not assume the part of Public Prosecutor, but especially declined any such service. The invitation of your honorable committee, however, is one which “ cannot disregard, and on the reassembling of Congress I shall from time to time lay such facts before you and make such suggestions as may seem to constitute a full and fair compliance with all the requirements of your resolution. With great respect, your obedient servant, J. G. Blaine.

THURMAN. The Hon. H. M. Teller, Chairman of the Select Committee of Investigation. Dear Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 21st ult, inclosing a copy of the resolution adopted by your committee requesting me to furnish in writing such facts anu such evidence as may be in my possession touching the matter involved in the amendment made on my motion to the resolution under which the committee is acting. Of course the committee does not suppose that the matters embraced in that amendment are within my personal knowledge, or that of any one nian. They relate to elections in every, part of the republic, and the allegations are for the most part to be found. In the opening of his speech in support of his resolutions, Dec. 11, the Senator from Maine distinctly stated that the resolution was based on accounts given in the press, which has teemed with statements which, if true, require the investigation proposed by my amendment, and I have no doubt the members of the committee read the newspapers quite as diligently as I do. It is probable they know where to look for the sources of information as fully as I do, and they are charged witn the responsibility of making investigation, and I am not. I l>eg respectfully to say that I take no part of it upon my shoulders. Nevertheless, as the amendment was offered in perfect good faith, and with a firm belief that the matters -it embraces require investigation quite as much as the matters contained in the original resolution, it will be proper for me, especially since your committee has requested it, to furnish such information touching the subject as may, from time to time, come under my observation. I therefore send herewith installment No. 1, consisting of 1. An editorial article cut from this morning's Washington Pont.

2. A copy of a petition of sixty-odd citizens of 1 New York to the House of Representatives, complaining of the illegal and oppressive conduct of John I. Davenport and other Federal officials at the late election in New York city, and I am authorized fay the Hon. Fernando Wood, who presented the petition, to say that its statements are proved by sundry affidavits in his hands, and that he will, if required, furnish the names of the affiants, and other witnesses to the same facts. 3. A copy of an opinion of Judge Feedman touching the rights of certain naturalized 'Citizens of New York, which rights Were grossly violated by the eaid Davenport, as set forth in said petition. 4. I respectfully refer you to that portion of the speech of Senator Wallace, one of your number, delivered in the Senate Dec. 8, 1878, ■which relates to the last election in Pennsylvania. (See Congressional Record. Dec. 18,p. 28.) I also beg leave to refer you to the published letter of the Hon. William D. Kelley, of Pennsylvania, showing the means employee! by the Federal officials and others to defeat his nomination and election. You have, no doubt, seen the letter in the newspapers. If net, -F will have a copy prepared for you. 5. An editorial article from the Arants and Patriot, a newspaper of Montpelier, Vt, touching the election at Bennington, in that State. 6. A copy of the President’s civil-service order of June 22, 1877, and, as showing what attention has been paid to it, also what means were resorted to by the Republican Congressional Committee of 1878. I inclose a circular of that committee, signed by George C. Gorham, its Secretary. This circular it is said, was sent to nearly every person in the civil service of the Government and to public contractors and others having relations with the Government I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A G. Thurman. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE FROM THURMAN,. Washington, D. C., Jan. 4. Hon. H. M. Teller, Chairman Select Committee of Investigation. Dear Sir : In further compliance with the request of your committee, communicated to me by your letter of the 21st ult, I have the honor now to inclose to you “ installment No. 2” of facts relating to the late election, and especially to the misconduct of United States Supervisors and Deputy Marshals, to wit: 1. A letter from James H. Paine, of Jacksonville, Fla., relative to the misconduct of United States Supervisors and Deputy Marshals at the late elections in the Second Congressional district in that State. 2. An affidavit of Owen J. Sommers, of Duvall county, Fla., relating to the same subject 3. Statements of F. C. Randolph, of Montgomery, Ala., shoving misconduct of United States Deputy Marshals at the late election in that State. I am assured that these three gentlemen are citizens of high standing and respectability, and I beg leave to commend their statements to earnest consideration of your committee. I am, Mr, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A G.'Thurman. Bayard Taylor’s Family. He married the daughter of the astronomer at Gotha, an accomplished lady, whose fine critical taste and learning have been of so much advantage to him in his learning, and so perfect was her familiarity with his purposes and herkno wladgaot-his literary material, that there is room to hope sne may do the work ho designed in the life of Goethe. He leaves one child, his daughter Lilian, wh<w is a re*

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

markable reproduction of his own- as it appears in the portrait that shows him as he walked in Eutope when a boy. His father and mother are living at Cedarcroft, the houseJllAt ®K&uilt Mthiif a milb of his birfn-pacfe, on ground that his ancestors owned for 200 years. It has* been nearly ten years since their golden wedding, and in April last t,hey sa\y with cjieerful hopefnliiesA their adveiiturolisJihd famous son set forth bn the last of his long journeys,— Cincinnati Commercials--'

GREAT IS CHICAGO.

Trade and Commerce of -the Garden City for 1878. [From the Chicago For thirty years, despite all meaner of calamities, war, pestilence, epidemics, fire, failure of crops, panics, crashing of banks, prostration of credits, and countless vicissitudes special and general, the city of Chicago has anifually added to-the quantity and value of the merchandise she’ has received ‘ and shipped, and the value and quantity of her manufactures; and also to the expansion of her population, the beauty and uumber of her buildings, the extent of her streets, the number of her railroads and their connections. An unbroken series annual increase in all her business for thirty years is an evidence of her stability, and offers reasonable grounds for the belief that the city is even now but in the infancy of the commercial.grCatness which is to be hers in the near future.. The story of the growth of Chicago reads like a tale of the imagination. Let no one fail to read the statement which in all its details this morning fills- such a large space in the Tribune.. From the totalities we take the following general results :

The greatest amount of breadstuff's (flour being reduced to grain) in any previous year was in 1873, when the aggregate was 98,935,413 bushels. The receipts during 1878 reached the enormous aggregate of 134,856,193 bushels, an increase 35,920,780 bushels, or of 36.3 per cent over that year. The number of hogs received during the year was 6,339,656, and the number killed here 5,128,000. The number killed in 1877 was 3,076,639. The weight of the hogs killed during 1878 was 648,200 tons. Their value was $44,810,000, and the value of the whole hog product was $55,500,000. The value of the live stock received ' in Chicago during 1878 w’as $98,400,000, being an increase of $5,200,000 over last year, and this notwithstanding the extraordinary reduction in prices. Despite the general decline in the value of all manner of productions, the increase in the value of the manufactures of the city over last year is $22,000,000. The reader can readily estimate the increase in the quantity necessary to warrant this increase in the value. The total of the wholesale sales in 1877 was $276,500,000, and of the like sales in *IB7B w r as $280,000,000; Remembering the decline in prices, the reader will understand how great was the increase in quantities. The values given are in currency; reduced to gold we have: Wholesale sales in gold, 1878. >277.900,000 Same in gold, 1877 265.100,000

Showing an increase.in coin value of $12,800,000. The capital invested in wholesale trade is about the same as last year, not including the increase in the value of the currency. There is an increase in value of sales of dry goods, $2,000,000; oysters, $1,000,000; and .tobacco, $1,000,000. There is a filling oft in value of dried fruits, coal, and oils. Under the comprehensive title of produce is included a large list of commodities which may be grouped as follows, with the values for the year of the receipts : Breadstuffss 71,620,00€ Live stock 978,300.000 Provisions, tallow, dressed h0g5..... 9,630.000 Butter, cheese, hides, w 00 1.... 27,960.000 Seeds, potatoes, salt, broom-corn ; 5,820,000 Hay. poultry, apples, eggs 1,880,'4)0 Alcohol 370,000 Miscellaneous 3,800,000 Total. 18785219,700,000 Total, 1877 212,1f:0,0t0 Value in coin, 18785218,000,000 Value in coin, 1877 203,150,000 Increase in value.s 14,850,000 Coal, lumber, and fish are not included in these figures. The total receipts of jnmber (not including shingle’s and lath) during the year were 1,171,364,000 feet. We have only indicated a few of the facts of which the full details are given in the general review, of which we earnestly invite a critical examination, satisfied that no person in this city will fail to be conipensated for the time given to such examination. The general summary of the year’s trade may be thus stated. Produces2l9,7oo,ooo Wholesale 280.000.000 Manufactures 230,000,000 T0ta1..5729,700,000 Deduct for manufactures included in wholesale 74,700,000

Grand total. 1878....?.. 56554)00,000 Grand total, 1877 621,500,000 Increase in the value, 1878$ 83,500,000 Total, 1878, in coin $650,000,000 Total, 1877, in coin 595,000,000 Increase in coin va1ue......$ 55,000,066 Exports of Provisions. The Bureau of Statistics at Washingkm has just issued a very intieresting statement showing the export of provisions from the United States during the month of October last, the totals of which are as follows: Articles. Value. Articles. Value. 8ac0n52,630,651 Butters 270,977 Hams 13.874 Cheese 959,619 Fresh beef 317.214 Lard., 1,624.164 Salted beef 156.994 Eggs "415 Pork 344,996 Tallow. 458,604 Tefa1.56,776,'898 It will be seen that of butter and cheese there was nearly a million and a quarter for the month. This is a growing industry in the Middle and Western States.

A Queer Grave Robbery. A novelty in grave robbing is reported from Cuba, Alleghany county, N. Y. Eighteen years ago a citizen of that place buried his mother, and, to prevent the body being stolen, he prepared the grave by building in mortar a brick receptacle for the coffin, which, when lowered, was covered crosswise with timber, then earth. Desirous of removing the remains, the other day, he found that the grave had been* disturbed. The remains were found untouched, but every brick in the grave *had been removed.

The Ameer has eight. marriageable daughters waiting for husbands, and the dower of each is the revenue, tjf. a oity. Ten other of $$ dflnghters

1861—1878.

A Brief Resume of Our Financial Legislation for Seventeen Years. On Dec. 28,1861, the banks of New York, whose example was promptly followed by all the other banks in this country except those in California, suspended specie payments. Practically the. Government had already suspended. On Jan. I, 1879, the Government and the banks resumed specie payments. At thia moment, above all others, does the financial history of the United States fpr seventeen years possess peculiar interest, the more so because the history of the finances of this country during and after the war is not so familiar as .it jmight be. At the beginning of the late war the Government obtained funds through the associated banks of New York, Boston and Philadelphia. The banks of these cities agreed to lend the Govemment three sums of $50,000,000 —a total of $150,000,660 —of which sum New York undertook to advance $105,000,000. The banks advanced $5,000,000 every six days. They were to receive therefor 7.3 d notes, which they were To sell to the people, and thus obtain money to advance to the Government. Owing to the delays in the preparation •of these notes the banks for months received** only non-negotiable certificates of indebtedness. Although the Government was scattering this money all the way from the Merrimac to the Rio Grande, and only the banks in three Eastern cities were in the association helping the Government, yet the internal-trade movement was so intense that the coin advanced by the banks came back to them in the ordinary course of trade in about a week. After the associated banks had taker) the third loan of $50,000,000, and the banks of New York city alone had advanced to the Government $80,000,000, the latter, banks found that their aggregate specie reserve had been reduced between August and Dec. 7 only from $49,000,000 to $42,000,000. In spite of the delay in printing the 7.30 notes the people had already subscribed to the banks for $50,000,000 of the notes. About this time, the Government commenced issuing the old demand notes. These notes passed readily into circulation and were offered at the banks on deposit and in subscriptions for 7.30 notes. The banks were advancing gold coin to the Government, and they were compelled to take their choice between receiving Government notes and rejecting them. To do the former was to render it impossible for them to continue advancing coin to the Government. They could not receive paper and pay out coin for any length of time. To do the latter was to discredit the Government to which nearly all their means had been given, and whose securities they were trying to sell. The latter course was out of the question, and the old demand notes were received by the banks. As a result the specie reserve of the New 7 York banks was reduced between Dec. 7 and Dec. 28 about $13,000,000, nearly double the loss in the preceding four months. It was only a question of a few days when the banks would find themselves without any gold at all, and they concluded to save what was left. On Dec. 28 they suspended specie payments. About this period the original Legal-Tender act was introduced in Congress by Representative E. G. Spaulding, of Buffalo, and became a law Feb. 25, 1862. It authorized the issue of $150,000,000 in notes which were to be legal tender for all purposes except the payment of duties on imports, and interest on the pubhc debt. These notes were fundable at par in 6 per cent, twenty-year gold bonds. In less than a month after the passage of the Legal-Tender aet the demand notes of July, 1861, and February, 1862, amounting to $60,000,000, were declared legal tender. Only five months passed and a second issue of $150,000,000 in legal tenders was made, July, ] 862. In March, 1863, a third issue of $150,000,000 was authorized, but only a part of the notes were issued. The act making the demand notes legal tender provided they should be deducted, at least to the amount of $50,000,000, from the .legal tenders whose issue had been authorized, so that by this act the amount of legal tenders was very slightly augmented. Of the third issue of legal tenders two-thirds were in lieu of $100,000,000 of notes authorized by the resolution of Jan. 17, 1863, so that the increase of currency by the act of March, 1863, was only $50,000,000. The gold premium fell somewhat after the act of March, 1863, was passed, but the greater part of the increase' of the currency authorized by that act had already taken place, and the gold premium, which was 45.1 in January, rose to 60.5 per cent, in February. The disbandment of the armies rendered vast immediate disbursements by the Government necessary, and Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury, issued more than $500,000,000 of three years 7.30 notes for this purpose. The soldiers were paid in part with the notes themselves.

The amount of the 7.30 three years notes outstanding was in 1864, $109,356,150; in 1865, $672,578,850; in 1866, $806,900,750; in 1867, $488,647,140; in 1868, $37,717,650. Since that year the amount has been trivial. The average gold premium for January, 1862, was 2.5 per cent., and forFebuary 3.5 per cent. The passage of the Legal-Tender act was followed by a fall of the premium to 1.8 per cent, in March, and 1.5 in April. The LegalTender act promised’ the people a currency which would be,of uniform value in all parts of the country, while the $202,205,000 of State-bank notes current in 1861 ranged all the way from par to a heavy discount. In May, 1862, the gold premium was 3.3 per cent., and from that time it began a long ascent. In June the premium was 6.5- per cent. In July the second issue of greenbacks Was made, and the premium went up to 15.5 per cent. It fell 1 per cent in August, but with that exception its ascent 'was rapid and uninterrupted till February, 1863, when it was 60.5 per cent.? It then declined steadily till in August, 1863, it was 25.8 per cent. The premium then rose rapidly and without interruption till it reached its highest point in July, 1864. It averaged for this month 158.1 per cent., and its highest point was 185, at which time the greenbacks were worth about 35 cents on the dollar, and bonds bearing gold interest stood, averaged for the month, at only 42 in gold, but a trifle higher than the-W'ixjter*

est-bearing notes. They were not salable in Europe at any figure, though Turkish, Spanish and South American bonds were quoted in Lombard street and on the Paris Bourse. The gold premium fell to 107.2 per cent, in October, but rose to 133.5 per cent. in November, and then fell contifiuously to 85.6 per cent, in May, 1865, when the war was over. The gold premium advanced from May, 1835, to December of that year, when it stood at 46.2 per cent. It fell to 31.8 per cent, in May, 1866, and then rose to 51.6 per cent, two months later, when it fell again to 34.6 per cent, in January, 1867. In September and October it stood above 42 per cent., but ended the year at almost the same figure at which it began it. What is known as the “Nine-hundred-million-loan act ” became law March 3, 1863. It authorized a third issue of $150,000,000, two-thirds of which had already been issued under resolution. It authorized the issue of $400,000,000 tteaMiry notes. These notes’were not to be of any denomination less than $lO, were payable at the option of the Government at any time within three years, bore interest not to exceed 6 per cent, (they were issued at 5 per cent.), and were legal tender for their face value, excluding interest. At- the close of the fiscal year of 1863-4 there were outstanding of these notes A year later there were only $42,338,716 out, and the amount has since been MvjWThe act also authorized the issue of currency to an amount not exceeding $50,000,000, and the negotiation of 10-40 bonds at an interest not to exceed 6 per cent., most of which was in lieu of securities already issued. The act increased the bonded debt only $75,000,000. Further sales of bonds under this act were stopped by an act passed a year later. In his first report to Congress after the close of the war (1865), Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury, recommended a policy of contraction to facilitate the preparation for resumption. Congress authorized him to withdraw $10,000,000 withifi six months, and to continue contraction thereafter at the rate of not more than $4,000,000 a month. The greenbacks had been reduced in amount $44,000,000, there was something like a stringency in the money market, and on Feb. 4, 1868, the contraction of the currency was stopped by act of Congress. In the spring of 1869 Congress passed the well-known “act to strengthen the public credit,” whieh became a law on the 18th of March of that year. It reads as follows: That in order to remove any doubt as to the purpose of the Government to discharge all just obligations to the public creditors, and to settle conflicting, questions and interpretations of the laws by virtue of which such obligations have been contracted, it is hereby provided and declared that the faith of the United States is solemnly pledged to the payment in coin or its equivalent, of all the obligations of the United States not bearing interest, known as the United States notes, arid of the interest-bearing obligations of the United States, except in cases where the law authorizing the issue of such obligations has expressly provided that the same may be paid inlawful money, or in other currency than gold and silver. But none of said interestbearing obligations, not already due, shall be redeemed or paid liefore maturity, unless at such time United States notes shall be convertible into coin, at the option of the holder, or unless at such time bonds of the United States bearing a lower rate of interest than the bonds to be redeemed can be sold at par in coin. And the United States also solemnly pledges its faith to make provisions at the earliest possible pe iod for the redemption of the United States notes in coin.

The panic of September. 1873, found the volume of legal tenders $356,000,000. President Grant and Secretary Richardson reissued $18,000,000 of the greenbacks that had been withdrawn. In the following session Congress legalized this action, making the volume $382,000,000. In the spring of 1874 a measure to increase the currency to the amount of $400,000,000 was passed by Congress, but was vetoed by President Grant. A bill fixing $382,000,000 as the maximum was then passed, received the signature of the President, and became a law. In 1869 the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of Hepburn vs. Griswold, decided that the LegalTender act was unconstitutional. The opinion of the Court was given by Chief Justice Chase, who, as Secretary of the Treasury, had regarded the Legal-Ten-der act as essential to the salvation of the Government. This decision was entered on the minutes Feb. 7, 1870, a few days after the resignation of Justice Grier had taken effect. The majority of the court consisted of Chief Justice Chase, and Associate Justices Nelson, Clifford, and Field. The dissenting Justices were Associate Justices Swayne, Miller and Davis. On the 10th of April of the previous year (1869) Congress had passed an act making the Supreme Court consist of one Chief and eight Associate Justices. This act was to go into efiect Dec. 1, 1869. The two additional Justices appointed to fill the court to the number prescribed by the new law were Justice Strong, appointed Feb. 18, 1870, and Justice Bradley, appointed March 21, 1870. Subsequently the cases of Knox vs. Lee and Parker vs. Davis were argued before the full court, and in the decision of these the Legal-Tender act was held to be valid by Associate Justices Swayne, Miller, Davis, Strong and Bradley, the dissentients being the Chief Justice, who read a dissenting opinion, and Associate Justices Nelson, Clifford and Field. In the spring of 1874 Senator John Sherman introduced “a bill to facilitate the resumption of specie payments,” but failed to get it through. On the 21st of December of the same year he reported from the Committee on Finance, of which he was Chairman, “a bill to provide for the resumption of specie payments.” The bill was placed upon its passage almost immediately, the vote standing 32 yeas to 14 nays. It was reported to the House on the 23d of December, and, immediately after the holiday recess, was taken up, passed by a vote of 136 to 98, and became a law on the 14th of January, 1875. By a singular coincidence, the author of the Resumption act became the Secretary of the Treasury, whose duty it was to carry the act into effect.

Matrimony as a Paying Institntion.

“Every man should provide liberally for his family* says Mr. Smith. “ Ever since my marriage I have kept my wife provided with 'a sewing-machine, surmounted by a fine mirror.” ** What is the mirror for ? ” inquired a party present “ Well,” said, the oracle, “ I tell her that when she gets so lazy that she can’t run the machine she eon and se§ herself starve to death.” (Ofkio)

$1.50 dot Annum.

NUMBER 48.

CLAY’S REPLY TO CALHOUN.

A Great Scene in the Senate. [From Matthews’ ’* Orators and Oratory.”] Proceeding to the Senate, my attention was at once arrested by a voice that seemed like the music of the spheres. It came from the lips of a tall, well-formed man with a wide mouth, a flashing eye, and a countenance that revealed every thought within. His voice was one of extraordinary compass, melody and power. There was not one word of rant, not one tone of vociferation in the very climax of his passion. He spoke deliberately, and his outpouring of denunciation was as slow and steady as the tread of Nemesis. He gesticulated all over. As he spoke he stepped backward and forward with effect, and the nodding of his head, hung on a long neck—his arms, hands, fingers, feet and even his spectacles and blue handkerchief aided him in debate. It was Henry Clay, engaged in a hand-to-hand struggle with another giant of the Senate, John C. Calhoun. Clay had just taunted him with a rumor that he had left the opposition ranks, and struck hands with the administration. He (Mr. Clay) “would like to know what compromises had been made between the honorable Senator from South Carolina and the Kinderhook fox” (meaning President Van Buren).

Calhoun replied: “No man ought to be more tender on the subject of compromise than the honorable Senator from Kentucky.” Then, alluding to the compromises effected by Clay in the nullification crisis of 1830, he added: “The Senator from Kentucky was flat on his back. I repeat it, sir, the Senator was flat on his back, and couldn’t move. I wrote home to my friends in South Carolina half a dozen letters, saying that the Senator from Kentucky was flat on his back and couldn’t move. I was his master on that occasion. I repeat it, sir, I was his master on that occasion. He went to my school. He learned of me.” The two antagonists sat at the extreme ends of the semi-circular rows of seats Calhoun sitting in the front row, on the President’s right, Clay in the rear row, on his left. “ The honorable Senator from South Carolina,” said Clay,.“ says that I was flat on my back, and that he wrote home to his friends in South Carolina stating that I was flat on my back and couldn’t move! Admirable evidence this in a court of law! First make an assertion, then quote your own letters to prove it! But the honorable Senator says that he was my master on that occasion! ” As he said this the speaker advanced down the aisle, directly in front of Calhoun, and, pointing to him with his quivering fingers, said, in tones in which were concentrated the utmost scorn and defiance, “He my master! He my master!” he continued in louder tones, with his finger still pointed, and retreating backward, while his manner indicated the intensest abhorrence. “He my master! ” he a third time cried, raising his voice to a still higher key, while retreating backward to the very lobby; then, suddenly changing his voice from a trumpet peal to almost a whisper, which yet was distinctly audible in every nook and corner of the Senate chamber, he added: “ Sir, I would not own him for my slave.” A hush of breathless silence: then followed a tempest of applause, which for a while checked all further debate, and came near causing an expulsion of the spectators from the gallery.

Fighting a Mad Dog.

The Hartford (Ct.) Courant gives an account of a mad dog which created much alarm by biting people and dogs in that town. The Courant says: “ The dog next attacked David Phelps and bit him in the leg. A. Mr. Foley was passing, and the dog went savagely after him, and caught him by the coat, but did not succeed in biting him. The animal next put his jaws onto the leg of a young man, but the bite was harmless, as the teeth struck against the top of a boot, and did not go through. The froth from the dog’s mouth was left upon the young man’s pants. “By this time a crowd had begun to collect, and a gay young man armed with a revolver fired three shots at the animal without effect. Then Officer Jencks, of the police force, came along, and, taking a double-barreled shot-gun, followed the dog into Morgan street, and into an alley a little way down the street. As he went into the alley the dog was facing him, and he made a dive for him. He discharged one barrel of the gun, and the shot proved harmless, whereat the animal, now thoroughly enraged, came at him furiously. The officer was now in a critical condition. A crowd had gathered in the vicinity, and he must be careful about firing, as the dog turned into the street. Considering his safest position to be a standing and defensive one, he stood his ground, and the dog came at him on a jump, with jaws wide open, and, as he came into close quarters, the officer let him take the barrel of the gun into his mouth, and, as he seized it with his teeth, fired, and fortunately the weapon was discharged. There was not much left of the dog. The first noticeable thing after the explosion was a dog-col-lar flying through the air, and what was left of the dog was lying around loose. Officer Jencks, though an old soldier, says the position he held for a few seconds was not a very cheerful one, and he really expected tliat the dog would get the better of him, but when he saw the dog-collar safely removed he began to feel safe himself. It was certainly a courageous act on the part of the officer. The dog was 18 years old.”

How Lincoln Got His Pass Renewed.

Here’s a souvenir of the great Abraham Lincoln. It is a true copy of a letter on file among the archives of the Chicago and Alton road, at the Superintendent’s office in Bloomington, 111. It is a modest request for the renewal of a season pass on the Alton road: Springfield, Feb 13,1858. R. P. Morgan, Superintendent C. & A. Railroad: Deab Sir: Bays Sa:n to John: “ Here’s your old rotten wheelbarrow. I’ve broke it usin’ on it I wish you would take it and mend it, case I shall want to borrow it this afternoon.” Acting on this as a precedent, here’s your old “chalked hat.” I wish you would take it and send me a new one, case I shall want to use it the Ist of March. Yours truly, A Lincoln.

Miss Ada Gillette, a maidep lady of 92, lives in Torrington, Ct., in a house more than 100 years old, built by her father, It is her felicity to own a. complete file of the Hartford Courant from its first issue in 1764. They fill the whole ride of a room fifteen feet wide, and are-pjM up close so the ceiUpgfo '

fijemocratiq JOB PRINTING OFFICE DM betUr facfliilea thin any office la North weatera Indiana for the execution of an branches of JOB SPRINTING. PROMPTNESS A SPECIALTY. Anything, from a Dodger to a Price-List, or from t Pamphlet to a Footer, black or colored, plain or fancy, SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

THE OLD STONE BASIN. BT SV SAN COOLIDUE. In the heart of the busy city. In the scorching noon-tide heat. A sound of bubbling water Falls on the din of the street. It falls in a gray stone basin. And, over the cool, wet brink. The heads of thirsty horst s Each moment are stretched to drink. An 1, peeping between the cr< wdlng heads, As the horses come and go. “ The Gift of Three Little Sisttr.s” Is read on the stone below. Ah, beasts are not taught letters— They know no alphabet— And never a horse in all these years Has read the words, and yet I think that each toil-worn creature Who stops to drink by the way. His thanks, in his own dumb fashion, To the sisters small must pay. Tors have gone by since busy bands Wrought at the basin’s stone; The kindly little sisters Are all to women grown. I do not know their home or fates. Or the name they bear to men; But the sweetness of their gracious deed Is just as fresh as then. And all life long, and after life, They must the happier be. For this “cup of water” given by them When they were children three. —St. Nleholat for January.

WIT AND HUMOR.

A snow’ plow’ is no plow when there is no snow. A hotel bill miy well be called inndebtedness. The demand of the hour is a burglarproof grave. Motto for a candy pull—What are yer givin’ us—taffy? A clear case of body-snatching—A dog stealing sausage. Why is an enraged snake like the letter H ? Because it is an asp-irate. Hens are said to-day their eggs in the day-time because at night they are roosters. “The Sioux are not contagious,” said an old frontiersman. “ What do you mean?” asked a by-stander. “ I mean that they are hard to catch,” was the plyA mule’s head does not contain a brain capable of culture and refined rearing, but it is wonderful to what an extent the. other end of him can be reared.— New York Mail. Strange, isn’t it? Smoke a good cigar and you will never hear a word about it; but light one of those four-for-ten-cents, and every body within 100 yards will talk about it. We have known a lady who was so delicate she could rarely walk more than a hundred yards without complain- • ing, who would rim up a tremendous bill (the compositor is requested not to set this word hill) without taking a breath. A Chicago publisher has issued a book entitled “How to Become Plump.” The old way, you remember, was to lean out of a third-story window and come down plump. The new method is less dangerous, but not so certain. A lady entered a shop lately and requested to see some lavender kid gloves, whereupon she was shown several different shades of that color. Being a little overcome with so great a variety, she asked: “ Which of those pairs is the lavenderest ? ”

A very diminutive specimen of a man lately solicited the hand of a fine, buxom girl. “Oh, no!” said the fair but insulting lady, “I can’t think of it for a moment. The fact is, John, you are a little too big for a cradle, and a little too small to go to church with.” A country surgeon, who was bald, was on a visit to a friend’s house, whose servant wore a wig. After bantering him a considerable time, the doctor said: “You see how bald I am, and yet I don’t wear a wig.” “True, sir,” replied the servant, “but an empty barn requires no thatch.” Mr. Spurgeon is credited with this design on hubby’s happiness: “ When I am marrying young couples I generally tell the young lady to let her husband be the head, for that is according to scripture and nature; but I always advise her to be the neck, and twist him round which way she likes.” Said I to my wife, “ My dear, Ton my life. You look gloomy and sad thin fine morning.” “So would you,” said my wife, “if you’d gone through'my strife With a cook who’d just had a month's warning.” “ There's a way. my sweet Maud, to be rid of such elves; Let us live upon chops—and we'll cook ’em ourselves.” “ Yes, that’s all very fine,” she replied, “my dear hub, For. when sick of fried chops, why—you’ll dine at your club.”

Some one has suggested that if the inventor of the phonograph would bring out a little machine, to be attached to the door, which would say, when landlord called for the rent: “Come again next month,” it would have a good sale. So it would; and, if he wanted a name for it, he might call it the postponograph. First small boy—“ Hullo, Jim! I’ve got a two-bladed knife and a book full o’ picters.” Second S. B.—“ Pooh 1 That’s nothing. I’ve got a four-blader and two books and a bully sled and a pair o’ skates and—” First S. B.— “ Look a-here, you Jim Smikins, my pa can lick your pa, and, durn ye, I can lick you. Yer’d better don’t be blowin’ round me, ole feller.”— Boston Transcript.

A Narrow Escape.

A remarkable case of - mistaken identity occurred at St. Louis recently. Herman Schuster awoke in the morning and found himself dead. At least the newspapers said he was dead and that his body was at the morgue. Mr. Schuster went to the place mentioned, and there, sure enough, found himself laid out on a slab as dead as any one could wish. Mr. Schuster was alarmed. The forehead of the corpse was his, the hair and mustache were the color of his, and the body would not vary in weight five pounds from his own. The clothes, also, were exactly like those adjoining Mr. Schuster’s person. “ Vot ish de golor of his eyes ? ” asked Herman of Dr. Ainbaugh. The doctor turned up the corpse’s eyelids and found that the eyes were blue. “ Dot ish petter,” said Herman, with a long sigh of relief. “ Dot is not mine pody. Dose is pine and mine is plack. Got in himmel! vat a narrow eschape—vot a glose gall dose vas! ”

Robert H. Newell (Orpheus C. Kerr) has recovered from the mysterious loss of power to eat, which nearly caused his death by starvation two years ago. Abkanha# ha* 170 InntvticH confined in jaih.