Democratic Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 41, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 22 November 1878 — Page 1

|P? §Hemocrntiq j| entincl A. DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED EVER! FRIDAY, BY FAMES W. McEWEN. TEENS OF SUBSCRIPTION One copy 'paJfgrmr #I.BO One copy atx month* * 1.06 Coe copy three months .66 OTAdvertising rates on application

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

■THE ADMINISTRATION - AND TOTS SOUTH. The Washington National Republican of the 13tli iubt. prints an editorial interview with the President on the Southern situation. Omitting the questions, he is represented as saying: “ The time for discussion has passed. It is now too late for anything but the most determined and vigorous action. The determination was reached several days ago, and the deliberations of the Cabinet on this subject since then have been comparatively brief, and confined mainly to the consideration of the duty of the Attorney General in the premises. When the Southern policy was originated it was with an oarnest desire to conciliate ihe. Southern leaders, to round off the sharp angles of sectional tlUfcrciiceo, aim tu mtftcu the asperities of political strife. No one will deny that the attempt to onforco this policy was most earnestly made, nor that it was carried out with a conscientious desire to accomplish the result for which it had been inaugurated. Of the personal and partisan sacrifices I made in this effort, and of the consequent interruption of certain relations which had previously existed betweon myself and some of my supporters, I have nothing to say just now. But it appears that the leaders whp made those pledges either did not exert themselves to keep them, or were unable to do so. In fact, I am reluctantly forced to admit that the experiment was a failure. The first election of importance held since it was attempted has proved that fair elections with free suffrage for every voter in the South are au impossibility under the existing condition of things. It is pot because the Republican party appears as sufferers in those rosults that I complain. It is because free suffrage and freedom of political rights have been interfered with that I am called upon to take cognizance of these disturbances. If tlio facts wore exactly reversed, and if the Republicans had committed theso outrages upon the Democrats, my duty would bo the same. It will not do for mo or for any official before whom tho questions may como to treat them otherwise than in an unpartisan way. Tho partisan press will naturally take a partisan view of tho case, and I will bo hold to account for aiding tho Republicans in Haunting the “bloody shirt,” as it is called; but for all that 1 shall do my duty as Chief Magistrate of all tlie people, to Democrats and Republicans alike, and ,in tho faithful execution of the laws, justice shall demand the punishment of this or that man, whatever his political connections may be, I shall not bo deterrod by partisan criticism.- All that I know is that groat crimes have been committed, and it is my duty to aid in tho punishment of tho criminals. I do not think tho Southern loaders who have promised to protect the blacks in the exorcise of their rights are responsible for those crimes. Gov. Hampton, for example, has tried repeatedly to repress the violence which has characterized the campaign in South Carolina, and failed. Such Republicans as Judge Lee, Mr. Rainey and ex State Senator Swails, of that State, have advised mo of theso facts. They say that Hampton cannot control tho rod shirts, as they call them, and they have repeatedly informed mo of speeches he lias made deprecating violence in tho conduct of the campaign, and it appears that Gov. Nieliolls, in Louisiana, is earnestly opposed to theso proceedings or the same ltisd of violence in his State. Tho officers of the Department of Justice liavo boon instructed to carry out tho proceedings already begun against tho depredators—not only against those who have already been arrestod, but against others who will soon bo arrested. It is proposed tfl make a clean sweep of this business, and oxlmust every legal resource in the execution of justice. Tho integrity of American citizansbip lias been grossly violated in widespread localities. It must and shall be vindicated.”

FOREIGN NEWS. The icleu is contemplated, in St. Petersburg of proposing an international commissionto watch the execution of the Berlin treaty. The Porte, with England’s assistance, is trying to conclude a loan, to be guaranteed on the revenues of Syria and the Egyptian tribute. Numerous heavy failures are announced in London. No more of the Glasgow Bank Directors will bo admitted to bail. There is an increased demand for United States bonds in England. An ugly insurrection has broken out in Macedonia, and is reported to bo spreading in tlie direction of Thessaly and Epirus. It is believed that the revolt is more a cover for brigandage than a political movement, but a strong Turkish forco has been sent to crush it out. An unsuccessful attempt was made at Naples, on the 17th iust., to assassinate Humbert, the young King of Italy. As he was enter ing the city in state, the assassin attacked him with a poniard. Signor Cairoli, Chief of the Ministry, who was in the carriage with the King, laid his hands on tlio man, who wounded him in the thigh. The King drew his sword and struck the assassin, who was immediately secured. Tho King rocoived a slight scratch. The assassin is 29 years old, and by occupation a c*ok Ho says he belongs to no society, but, being wool', nourished a hatred toward the King.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. East. D. C. Griswold & Co., wholesale drygoods dealers, Boston, havo failed. Liabilities, S2OO,(XX) to $250,000. A terrible tragedy occurred in West Chenango, N. Y., tho othor day. Two brothers, Jamos and David Taber, quarreled about a division of property. David went to tbe bam where Jamos was husking corn, and David, seizing a pitchfork, knocked James down and tabbed him in the chest fifteen or twenty times. He lived only a few moments. David then went to tho woods and blew his brains out with a shot-gun. 'lhe association of New York bankers known as tho Clearing House, at a meeting in that city last week, decided upon the following plan of action after Jan. 1, 1879; l, Decline receiving gold coins as special deposits, but accept and treat them only as lawful money; 2, Abolish spocial exchanges of gold checkß at the Clearing House; 3, Pay and [receive balances between banks at the Glaring House either in gold or United States legal tenders; 4, Receive silver dollars upon deposit only under special contract to withdraw the same in kind; 5, Proliibit payments of balances at the Clearing House in silver certificates or in silver dollars, excepting as subsidiary coin in small sums, say under $10; 6, Discontinue gold spocial accounts by a notice to dealers on the Ist of January next to terminate them. Edison is suffering from ill-health, and has temporarily given up his experiments with the electric light. Atlantic City, N. J., was visited by a $50,000 fire last week. The Theater Comique and fifty other buildings, including hotels, boarding-houses, Saloons, etc., were destroyed by fire at £rad-

The Democratic sentinel.

JAS. W. McEWEN, Editor.

VOLUME 11.

ford, Pa., last week. Loes, <156,000; insurance, #50,000. South. A dispatch from Jacksonville, Fla., says Judge Witherspoon, of tho Canvassing Board of Madison County, lias been arrested by a Deputy United States Marshal on a charge of receiving and destroying one of the precinct returns, which gave Bisbee 57 majority. He was held in #3,000 bail Samuel Smith (colored), an inspector in the same county, charged with not doing his duty, was committed to jaiL The same dispatch states that a Deputy United States Marshal had also arrested the en tiro Canvassing Board of Alachua county for violation of tho United States election laws, in throwing out tho three precincts on technicalities, by which Hull, Democrat, is elected to Congress over Bisbee, Republican. A Cliarleston (S. C.) disoatch says: “Three managers of the election at one of the polls were arrested to-day under warrants from the United States Commissioner for obstructing the Deputy Marshal at the recent election and refusing to publicly count tho ballots. They gave bail. Other arrests are expected. Eighteen citizens of Orangoburg have been arrested for obstructing United States officers in the discharge of their duties at tho election. They gave bail. ” Tlie total number of.deaths from yellow fever in the South is reported at 18,931. Of theso 4,300 occurred at Memphis and vicinity, and 3,977 at New Orleans. Several shops in the Virginia penitentiary, at Richmond, have been destroyed by fire. Loss, $05,000. A fire at Tyler, Texas, destroyed five largo stores and the United States Court-rooms together with all their contents. Loss about $100,000; insurance about half that amount. West. Hon. Norman B. Judd, of Chicago, ex-member of Congress from the First district of Illinois, is dead. At Zanesville, Ohio, a few mornings ago, a policeman attempted to halt a party of men iu a wagon, whose movements excited his suspicions. They fled to the woods, but were pursued by the officer soveral miles, when, to escape arrest, they abandoned tlie wagon, which was found, upon investigation, to contain tho bodies of four woll-known citizous who had been buried rocently. The St. Louis Times and Journal have been consolidated.

WASHINGTON NOTES. Tho reply of Lord Salisbury to the late dispatches of Secretary Evarts upon the fishery dispute was received at Washington, and read in Cabinet, last week. It is said o bo friendly in tone, says a Washington telegram and places tho whole case in such friendly shape as to create the general belief that the award will be paid by tho 33d inst., and tho question still at issue lie left to settlement through friendly correspondence. Secretary Sherman contradicts the report that tlie Treasury Department lias ordered the withdrawal of $1 and $3 bank notes or greenbacks from circulation. Out of the 292 members in the new House of Representatives 153 are old members, leaving matters about equally divided between the new and old. Representative tobacco .men from dis feront parts of the country are in Washington considering the prospect of a change in tlie tobacco tax.

POLITICAL POINTS. Political complexion of the Missouri Legislature: Senate—Democrats, 15; Republicans, I; Greenbackers, 2. House—Democrats, 97; Republicans, 14; Greenbackers and Independents, 19. A Washington dispatch states that at a Cabinet meeting the other day “an interchange of opinion took place concerning violations of tho election laws, especially in Louisiana, during tho recent elections, tho United States Attorney for that State having furnished a list of cases showing personal violence, intimidation, etc. Tho sentiment of the Cabinet was that all such violations should bo inquired into with a view to the punishmentof the offenders.” A New York dispatch announces that Gov. Robinson will follow up the defeat of Tammany Hall at the polls by removing every Tammany official whom ho lias legal power to remove. Political complexion of the Wisconsin Legislature: Assembly Republicans, 60; Democrats, 24; Greenbackers, 10. Senate— Republicans, 24; Democrats, 9. Republican majority on joint ballot over all, 47. It is asserted in Washington political circles that Senator Conkling is willing and anxious to socuro a reconciliation with the President. Touching the recently-published newspaper interview with the President, Washington dispatches state that “ tho authoritative statement is made that, while the President does not consider his Southern policy a failure, he is convinced that tho Southern loaders have not fulfilled their pledges; that citizens of the United States in the Somh havo been doprived of their rights, and that it is to be the policy of the administration to protect citizens of all parts of the Union in their rights, irrespective of tho political party with which they may act. The technical statement that the President considered tho Southern policy a failure is untrue. Whatever tho Southern policy may havo been, or may havo accomplished, tho President has always determined to protect tho citizens of the United States in their rights of suffrage under the constitutional amendments so far as it lies within the province of the executive power to do so. What is called tho new departure in the treatment of the South means that the President lias been compelled to change his estimate of Southern politicians, and to some extent of the Southern people. ” Senator McDonald, of Indiana, says Dan Yoorhees will certainly carry the coming Senatorial election in Indiana. It is said to be the determination of the Potter committee to present the case of Stanley Matthews to the House, with a view to having him cited for contempt in refusing to appear and testify before that committee.

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS. Ex-Gov. Chamberlain, of South Carolina, has signified his willingness to go back to that State and stand a trial on the indictment found against him. A national convention for the promotion of American commerce was held in Chicago last week, George W. Morris, of Kentucky, presiding. A large number of representative business men were present, either as delegates or lookers-on, from the different sections of the country, and numerous resolutions looking to the further extension of American commerce to South America and Mexico were introduced and nearly all adopted. The Canadian Finance Minister has gone to England to raise a $20,000,000 loan. A furious passenger-rate war is in progress between the Panhandle and the AtJan-

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22,1878.

tic and Great Western railroads, and the fare from Cincinnati to New York and Philadelphia has been brought down to $4. The reply of Lord Salisbury, British Secretary of Foreign Affaire, to Secretary Evarts’ second dispatch on the fishery question has been published. The communication, though courteous, earnestly insists upon the construction which the British Government has put upon tho treaty of Washington. The Hewitt Labor Committee held a day’s session at Scranton, Pa., last week. Five witnesses were examined, who traversed the entire range of grievances which the mining and laboring classes are suffering under. Hickey, a prominent labor reformer, spoke of the hard times, and attributed their cause to several things freight discrimination, coal combination, and over-population. He would have Congress take np tho matter of railroads. They should bo compelled to relinquish their mining business. The committee then adjourned sine die. Nine hundred indictments have been found against illicit distillers and other violators of the revenue laws at Charleston, W. Va.

Public Education in Knoware.

The streets were clean as a new pin, and mortal still, though you could hear little folks laughin’ and cacklin’ in the cool gardens and pleasant houses by the side of the way. “Where air your public schools?” sez I. “ Here,” sez he, stoppin’before a long, low house, like a shed some, that seemed to be fixed up with rows o’ hogsheads, among which several men was steppin’ round and talkin’ out loud, one at a time; “ that’s the school.” “ But I don’t see no children.” “No; you can’t see through a millstone no more’n the next man. We head up the boys at 6 years old in big barrels, and feed an’ eddoocate ’em through the bung-hole till the age of 20. They’re extension barrels, so’st the boys can grow.” I teas took aback. I was kinder riled. “ What!” sez I, “ all your boys in barrels! None o’ them things folks lay sech stress on in teachers’ conventions —no homo influences, no manly sports, no everlastin’ friendships, no Sundayschools, no —” Here I sort o’ give in; breath seemed to peter out. But he took up the talk: “No, sir! Cats and pigs and chickens live out all their days in peace here; nobody’s a tyrant over mother and the girls from dawn to dark; no broken bones nor cracked skulls. Our boys don’t never get drowned, blowed up with powder, tangled up in burr saws, split with hatchets, spilled oft’n horses, run over in the streets, nor jammed to bits under fire-engines. We don’t have boys swearin’ and spittin’ on every street corner; strainin’ their backs a-boat-racin’ and their tempers bettin’; no colleges to upset their manners and morals, and let ’em herd together like swine, and then turnin’ of ’em loose on a world lyin’ in wickedness, as our old parson used to call it. Nobody here’s killed at base-ball, nor mangled, nuther. Marbles, peanuts and fire-crackers never pester us. We have peace.” “ How delightful!” sez I, kinder involuntary. “ More’n all that, we don’t never have no divorces. Them boys come out at 20-year old so orful meek and pleasant and grateful, their wives don’t have no trouble with ’em at all.”— Rose Terry Cooke, in Harper's Magazine for December.

The Philosophy of Newspaper Advertising.

“ Hermit,” the New York correspondent of the Troy Time, s, a close observer of things, in his latest letter philosophically remarks: “ The autumn trade is now in full activity, and business men are exerting every effort to improve the harvest. One method is the handbill system, by which the hotels are daily inundated. During the business season one boy after another will go the rounds, and in this way an attempt is made to obtain trade. Of these, however, the greater part are wasted, since the waiter generally picks them up and throws them into the street, and the next day" a fresh inundation takes place. Experience has clearly demonstrated that the most efficient method of advertising is found in the judicious use of the newspaper columns. The ground on which newspaper advertising, as a system, is based is lmman confidence, since we cannot avoid believing that which we constantly read. This confidence is sometimes abused, but still it is evident that a good advertisement will, if sufficiently repeated, carry popular opinion. Men who advertise with the greatest persistency eventually reach success. There is a military principle involved in this method, since the article advertised should be pressed on the public by repeated assaults. The correct view, which experience brings to each man, is that advertising should be included in the general estimate of expense, as regularly as store rent, clerk hire and insurance. It is often said a good stand at a high rent is better than a poor one rent free. Well, advertising brings a man before the public in a way that makes any ‘stand’ good. The best stand you can have is to be in the newspapers.”

A Sagacious Revolver.

One day last week, at a party in Toronto, a young man was frightening some of the young ladies by his daring exhibition of a revolver, when the weapon was accidentally discharged, the bullet entering the young man’s side, inflicting a serious wound. At last a revolver has been found that knows which man to shoot. May its tribe increase.— Burdette. A Parisian female afflicted with kleptomania has stolen 200 cravats from men. The Primary Cause of a Distant Symptom. Nervousness is rarely a disease in itself inherent, but is the lineal offspring of dyspepsia, in a majority of cases. The nervous disturbance is at first trifling, but ultimately its parent so undermines the general health as to produce consequences very threatening to that great nervous center, the brain. Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters is the most powerful medicinal opponent of the ravages of indigestion, and protects tbe nervous system from them. The tremors, the unnatural anxiety, the headaches, the sleeplessness and loss of appetite which characterizes digestive irregularity and weakness, and which are almost invariably accompanied by an -uncertain condition of the bowels and inactivity of the liver, are all eradicated by this matchless corrective, and, when nervousness does not proceed from the cause designated, it affords mo3t grateful relief.

A Man of a Thousand.

When death was hourly expected, and Dr. H. Jam es was experimenting with Indian Hemp, he accidentally cured liis only child of consumption, and now gives this recipe free. Send two stamps to pay expenses. Address Craddock & Co., 1082 Race st., Phila., naming this paper.

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

THE WONDERS OF EUROPE.

European Marvels to an American Eye—Some Notes and Observations. A gentleman who writes under the initials “J. P. L.” contributes the following interesting article to the Boston Christian Register: To the American there seem more wonderful things in Europe than Kings and their castles, Popes and their cathedrals. There are already enough palaces built between the Atlantic and the Mississippi. Our stone and iron bridges, aqueducts, furnaces, mills and factories, warehouses, city halls and churches rival those of the Old World in size if not in beauty. We land in Europe to be amazed, not at parks and zoological gardens, but at the great white horses of Normandy and the colossal bays of Flanders, marching like elepnants in front of and apparently indifferent to loads for which we should employ a long string of mules, with much cracking of whips and execrations; and at the surly dogs harnessed beneath the bread-wagons of Brussels; at loaves of bread in Paris six feet long, carried by serving maids as if they were pikes; at wicker-baskets slung on women’s shoulders and loaded with manure, carefully collected with the fingers from the turnpikes of Auvergne ; at single stalks of Indian com and single barberry bushes, and single stalks of mullein, cultivated as rare and beautiful exotic plants in the gardens of Germany; at vistas of windmills slowly turning their great vanes to the hardly-perceptible wind coming from the English channel and the North sea; and at the vast stretches of flax fields which sustain the industry of the 500,000 inhabitants of Lille and its closely surrounding circle of dependent towns. The marvels of Europe to an American eye are not marvels of grandeur, but of detail; not of construction, but of method.

It is strange to see such multitudes of people at rest, comparatively speaking ; that is, moving about within the narrowest social, political, ecclesiastical and business circles; traveling scarcely at all; reading newspapers which have no news in them; working and shopping Sundays and all days alike; satisfied with bread and a half-flask of thin, sour wine as their day’s flood; living huddled within the 500-year-old village wall, and walking five miles to till strips of land—each 20 feet wide and 100 long, unfenced, unditched, unhedged—all calling them farms. Yet since 1789 these people have learned about as much as we Americans know respecting right and wrong in private, and the rights and wrongs of the public. But it is a prime marvel to the traveler how this slow but steady enlightenment accomplishes itself under such conditions of life. Another of the wonders of Europe is its fuel. Out of England there is not much mineral coal. The peat bogs are numerous, but small. The great forests have nearly disappeared. Evidently the planting of trees has been reduced to a science; but so has their destruction; consequently the traveler never sees a large tree, but millions of small ones. To save space they are planted along the roadsides. To avoid shade on the fields they are trimmed nearly to the summit, so that they look starved. Every year one in twenty is cut and sold. Artificial fuel made from coal-dust, saw-dust, pent, everything that will burn, furnishes an enormous supply of fuel to the railways and factories. But the people enjoy very little of that surplus of flame and smoke which characterizes an American home; consequently their clothes are made thick, and are worn doubled. Their wooden shoes are not only cheap and everlasting, but moreover warm, being stuffed with hay to prevent corns, and to make them stay on when the shuffle turns to a run. But the standing wonder of Europe to the American eye is the multiplicity and übiquity of soldiers, and priests, and sisters of charity. In Germany, and Switzerland, and France every boy must serve, say, three years, and then be placed in the reserve until 45 years of age. The clergy are, however, exempt from military service. In England the same system has recently been adopted, but with tlie important modification that the service is voluntary, and the pay continues, so as to command the reserves.

Tell these people that the whole army of the United States numbers scarcely 25,000 soldiers, and they stare at you in silence, unable to believe. The soldier is as much and as prominent a feature of European life as the horse, the winebottles, the basket, or the, plow. Passing Ath the other day, I noticed a field, with many cows in the middle of it tended by a boy, and a ditch around it. At the end of the ditch, close to the embankment (which was high here), crouched a man in uniform, with a gun, as if watching his chance to shoot a cow. Fifty paces beyond him, along the ditch, crouched another; and more, at regular intervals, as far as the field extended. “ They are making their .exercise,” said a fellow traveler. By which I comprehended that they cared nothing about the cows, which would all be killed in due time by the butcher, but that they were being taught how to kill men (Germans or other) without getting killed themselves. Every young fellow in all Europe is regularly instructed how best and most safely to kill his fellow-men. And in this devil’s school he is compelled by law (and public sentiment) to waste at least three years of his fresh life. In these three years he lives in barracks (casernes) with older murderers, who teach him also many other things not written in the rules of war—drunkenness, profanity, licentiousness, contempt for steady labor, etc. Those that become priests have a better chance to become good men. One is amazed at the number of priests and seminarians in every railway train. They get in and get out at every little station on every line of railroad, and seldom alone. They are evidently well-fed, well-clothed and are very full of business. In the Tyrol one notices that flocks of monks take the place of flocks of priests elsewhere. Our coachman said one day: “ There are too many of those fellows; they are good for nothing but to eat and drink and make love.” On the contrary, the hundreds and thousands of sisters of charity (of all orders and styles of dress) which the traveler meets are a rather delightful astonishment to him. They also travel enormously. Iu the high Alps every diligence carries one or more. I counted sixteen, tbe ptbw day, awaiting tbe

opening of the second-class waitingroom at a railway station in Picardy. They are perpetually shifted by their superiors from one convent to another. They are all the time going to or coming from some village or private house where sick people need them. They are universal favorites, and treated with the sincerest respect and affection by all classes of people. They live well, but work hard, and are of the utmost value to the population. But the wonder of wonders which Europe offers to the eye of the American traveler is its Babel of languages. France alone has eighty-six well-defined dialects. Switzerland has twenty-eight. The list in Germany has never been made out, but must amount to at least 100. As modem enforced popular education takes effect, all thefie will gradnaily disappear. and be replaced liy a few—French, German, Dutch, Basque, Bretonnais (Armorican), Polish, Bohemian, Moravian, Danish, etc. Walloon and Flemish are both dying out (very slowly) in Belgium. In all the open countries a common language will take possession of the whole ground during the course of the next three or four generations; but in the mountain districts the old dialects may survive for many centuries.

Air Navigation.

Machines intended for propelling one’s self through the air are older than balloons. After the Montgolfier brothers, of France, made a successful ascension in a balloon formed of paper and inflated with heated air, inventive talent turned its attention to finding better materials for the covering and filling. The first was found in silk, rendered gas-tight, by means of varnish, and the second in hydrogen gas. As there were no very strong motives to tempt persons to make aerial voyages it is astonishing how much money has been expended in the construction of balloons, and how many fatal accidents have resulted from their use. Observations made in the use of balloons have been of considerable advantage to science, but in other matters they have been of little benefit to the world. They were employed in McClellan’s army for purposes of observation, and were productive of some good. During the investment of Paris they were employed to good purpose to the besieged inhabitants. Gambetta, then one of the chiefs of the Government, made his escape in one. During the siego there were sixtyfour ascensions. In several cases the Prussians fired at the balloons, but without effect. Sixty-two of the balloons made successful voyages. One floated to South Africa, where it was discovered several years afterward, and one was supposed to be lost at sea. The loss of Donaldson and Grimwood, who made an ascension from the lake shore, in this city, three years ago, operated to damp the ardor for aerial navigation in this country. In England, however, there is: great interest in the matter. The War Department supports a corps of balloon engineers, and provides them, not only with balloons, but with apparatus for inflating them and carriages for drawing them about. The iEronautical Society of Great Britain was formed over twelve years ago, and numbers among its members persons as distinguished as the Duke of Argyll and Earl Dufferin. It has a cabinet and library devoted to models of balloons, parachutes, and flying-machines and boats pertaining to the navigation of the air. At present it is devoting its attention to flying-machines and giving encouragement to inventors. The desire appears to be to construct a simple apparatus whereby a man may make flights at pleasure after the manner of “the birds of the air.” The members of the society seem to think that a balloon is too cumbrous and unwieldy to use in making ascensions, while a steamengine is not -a desirable thing to have on board a craft that is to sail in the air. They desire to make their pleasure trips over church spires and tree tops by means of an apparatus as simple and as easily operated as a velocipede or a canoe. They do not expect to do away with muscular exertion. Indeed, they do not desire to, as physical strength and endurance are things the English gentleman holds in high esteem and wishes to encourage by education and practice. The prospects of success for a flying-machine are not encouraging, nor does there seem to be any very great necessity for navigating in the air. Still, an air-carriage may be invented, and a useful as well as a pleasurable employment Vie found for it. —Chicago Times.

Sugar Statistics.

The annual production of the sugaf of the world has been approximately calculated as follows: Bengal, China and Siam, 300,000,000 pounds; British colonies, 440,000,000 pounds; Spanish colonies, 470,000,000 pounds; Butch colonies, 160,000,000 pounds; Swedish and Danish colonies, 20,000,000 pounds; French colonies, 160,000,000 pounds; France (beet), 360,000,000 pounds; Brazil, 150,000,000 pounds.; Zollverein (beet),' 550,000,000 pounds; Austria (beet), 178,000,000 pounds; Russia (beet), 100,000,000 pounds; Italy and Belgia (beet), 200,000,000 pounds; all other sources, including the United States, 400,000,000 pounds. Total, 3,420,000,000 pound. The annual consumption of sugar per head by different nations varies very considerably, as may be seen by the following figures, based on official data: In the United States, 33 pounds per head; England, 30; Scotland, 30; Holland, 16; Ireland, 5; Belgium, 6; France, 6.66; Spain, 6.24; Switzerland, 6; Portugal, 5; Denmark, 5; Poland, 5 ; Prussia (Zollverein), 10; Norway and Sweden, 9; Italy, 2; Austria, 2; Russia, 1. Surely there must be something wrong in the statistics that make the average Englishman eat more than four times more sugar than a Frenchman.

Exiles to Siberia.

Since the beginning of the present century nearly half a million persons have been exiled from Russia to Siberia. Between 1807 and 1812 the average transportation was 2,035 offenders a year. In 1840 the average was calculated at 5,000; in 1860 the number was 10,000, and in 1870 nearly 20,000, showing a large and remarkable increase upon the deportation during two reigns which are popularly supposed to have been more oppressive than the present. In 1877 the total was still higher, being no less than 25,000, but this increase is accounted for by the number of Circassian revolters and Bashi-Bazouk prisoners of war who were sent across the Urals as a punishment for their atrocities,

LEGAL.

Declrtioust of the United States Supreme Court. The following Supreme Court decisions are announced: No. 24. Thomas Snell, et al., plaintiffs in error, vs. the Atlantic Fire and Marine Insurance Cfompany, Providence, R. I. Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois. Decree of the court below reversed, with costs, and cause remanded, with directions to enter the decree in conformity with the opinion of this court. This action was instituted to reform a certain policy of insurance concerning property of plaintiffs, so as to make it correspond with an agreement entered into previous to the issue of the policy. Plaintiffs allege a misunderstanding as to the interest intended to be insured; that Keith, one of the firm, intended to procure insurance on the whole interest of the firm in the property, and that by the terms of the policy only Keith’s individual interest was covered. The fundamental inquiry is, whether Snell, Taylor & Co. are entitled to have the policy reformed as to cover its interest. The court holds that upon the evidence complainants are entitled to have the policy so reformed as to correspond with the original agreement. No. 1. Washington Ford, plaintiff in error, vs. James Surget. Error to Supreme Court of Mississippi. Judgment affirmed with costs. The question in this case is whether the owner of cotton burned by James Surget under orders from the Southern military authorities can recover from said defendant the value of the cotton so destroyed. After trial before a jury the verdict was returned for defendant. Upon error to the Supreme Court of Mississippi that judgment was affirmed, and from that judgment appeal was taken to the Supreme Court. The court holds that the destruction of the cotton under the orders of the insurrectionary military authorities in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Federal army was, under the circumstances, an act gs war, for which the person executing such military orders was relieved from civil responsibility. No. 4. Samuel C. Cooke, plaintiff in error, vs. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In error to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Defendant in the cause refused to pay a tax for which he was liable under the laws of Pennsylvania for selling imported goods at auction in the original packages, and for account of the importers. In the suit in which judgment was rendered against him in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania he defended himself on the ground that the statutes authorizing the tax were void, because forbidden by Secs. 8 and 10, Art. 2, constitution of the United States. The court sustains this view, holding that the State law which imposes the tax is void both as laying a tax on imports and as a regulation of commerce, forbidden by tbe constitution of the United States. The judgment of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is, therefore, reversed, and the case remanded to that court for further proceedings. No. 44. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, plaintiffs in error, vs. Oden Bowie. In error to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Judgment affirmed with costs by a divided count. This cause presents instructions as to what constitutes the delivery of freight to common carriers, so as to charge the latter with the loss. The particular freight in this instance was two horses, among which was the racing mare Australia, the property of Gov. Bowie, of Maryland, which was injured by being put upon the cars, and for which he recovered below SIO,OOO.

The Mariner’s Cautionary Signal. The cautionary signals for shippingare upon the coast, seaboard, or lake, and in view of the mariner. Each is under the charge of a sergeant and assistant, whose duty may be described as pickets of warning on the fringe of the country. The observations from the observing stations having converged upon Washington, and the general and special predictions arrived at, the announcements radiate from the central office—the brain —along the wires, or nerves, to the remotest digits upon the signal halyards. When, as is sometimes the case, the signal station is placed in the life-sav-ing service station, a farther advantage is gained, as the two work well together, and the life-saving service has the benefit of the wires of the sister enterprise. The cautionary signal of the United States signal service is a square red flag with a black square in the center by day; a red light is used by night. The flags are of two sizes—lsxls feet and Bxß feet, the black square being one-ninth of the area of the flag. The larger flag is used for important stations, about ten in number, and the smaller flag for the other stations. The stations on the Atlantic are from Maine to Texas, and the lakes from Oswego to Duluth. The number of sttftions on the Atlantic proper is twentyfour, counting Key West, and on the Gulf of Mexico, six, omitting Key West, already enumerated. The lakes have fifteen stations. Warning notices are also sent by telegraph to the-Canadian meteorological service when any disturbance occurs which is likely to aftect them, and is distributed to the points interested. The purport of the signal is this : “A wind having a velocity of twenty-five miles an hour may shortly be expected at this place.” That is all that the flag professes to say; the probable excess over twentyfive miles an hour, and the direction of the wind, are not given by the flag. The time may shortly arrive when, by an extension of the system, the additional data, such as “severe storm expected,” may be embodied in the signal; but at present the notice is just what it is called and professes to be-—“cautionary.” It is then the duty of the mariner, shipper, or whoever else is interested, to consult the weather report for farther information, and to make frequent examinations of local barometers and other instruments, and study the local signs of the weather. — E. H. Knight, in Harper’s Magazine for Decern her.

The Homeliest Man. A few years ago there lived in an adjoitAig county a physician who, though not Adonis, was not less respected for his professional attainments than admired for his social qualities. On one occasion, after a consultation in a neighboring county, and while at dinner with his Jipst, he asked hijn if he ever saw his

$1.50 Der Annum

NUMBER 41.

(the doctor’s) wife, and was answered in the negative. “ Then,” said the doctor, “ will you do me the favor to call on her the first time you go to town ? ” “ Certainly, sir, if you wish it,” said the host in some surprise; “butwhy? ” “Why? ’ repeated the doctor; “ why, because my wife insists that I am the homeliest man in the world, and one look at you will convince her of her mistake.” — Binghamton Republican.

Dissemination of Yellow Fever. How is the disease disseminated ? In two ways: In a given town or city, by a slow and regular progression from house to house; between distant places, by following the lines of travel and commerce. It is carried with especial fre - quency by sailing ships, aud generally makes its first appearance in a previously healthy place near the docks jhid wharves. Whether the part of the town nearest the water happens to be a clean or a dirty quarter, a rich or a poor one, makes no difference. Clean streets do not check the disease, nor does foulness favor its spreading. In 1857 the yellow fever prevailed in that part of New Orleans which was, by official report, “in the best possible sanitary condition,” and in no other, though the rest of the city was and had been for years almost indescribably filthy. The germs of the disease are portable, like freight in bulk, and they will take root in any soil. They lurk in baggage cars, in boxes, and in clothing, in any loosetextured substance that is closely shut up, as even in cargoes of sugar. In porous materials like those-— fomites, as physicians call them—the poison will hide and ripen for some two months’ time, and develop its fullest strength of infection. A parcel sent from New Orleans may start an epidemic of yellow fever in Boston or Quebec. The disease is one of hot climates, and of low alluvial ground by preference, though any kind of soil will do for it, and any elevation above sea-level that is not too groat for the degree of heat required. That degree is a daily average, continued for some weeks together, of from 77 deg. to 80 deg. F. —a temperature which is reached for a month or more together, and exceeded, during our more than torrid summers, in almost any of our town* and cities from Florida to Maine. Yellow fever has prevailed as far north even as Quebec, and may extend as far again in the future. Of the mysterious way in which the disease travels from house to house, a living messenger of death, we know little. Science has not yet been able to seize upon the secret of its cause, which in all cases is probably the same, though some observers think that there are two distinct forms of the disease. Is it in a microscopic plant or insect, too small, however, for detection by the highest magnifying power yet at our command, that its exciting cause consists ? That is probable. It is supposed that these germs enter the blood and destroy it by a process comparable to that which is set up in yeast by fermentation. It lias been suggested, very plausibly, that this living germ can enter the human body only at a peculiar stage of its own growth, and that when it has completed its career by multiplying there, it has no power to leave that body and invade the sanctuary of another life. This theory would account for the non-contagious-ness of the disease.— Dr. T. M. Coan , in Harper's Magazine for December.

Bijali and the Widow. The poor widow with nine small children and a month’s rent due was around to see Bijali. She began : “Mr. Joy, have you a heart?” He offered to make an affidavit that he had. “Then if you have, Mr. Joy,” she continued, wiping her eyes on her apron, “were you ever left a widow with nine small children crying around you for bread and no bread in the house?” Bijali reflected a moment and then concluded that he had never been placed in such a position. “Then you don’t know how awful it is, Mister Joy. I don’t care for myself, but it almost kills me to hear them nine children crying together in chorus for food. I came around to see you and ask you what I’d better do.” "“'“Why, I’d go to work and get up a square meal for them,” was his honest reply. “A square meal out of shavings!” she almost screeched. “I told you I had nothing in the house to eat—-not even an old oyster can!” He looked at her red nose, made a mental calculation as to how much liquor she had swallowed during the last ten years, and then calmly said: “Poor woman, return home and bring me your nine dear children, and I will have oyster soup ready for them, and then take the whole lot to a shoe store.” “I—l couldn’t do it, sir,” she stammered ; “they is all in bed with hard colds.” “Then I will go home with you, poor widow, and the little dears shall be fed and clothed.” “Oh--oh —but you couldn’t, sir—you couldn’t, ’cause my house doesn’t look fit for the likes of you. Hand me sl, sir, and I’ll hurry home to ’em, and fill every blessed darling with soup.” “I will go along and carry the oysters,” said he, as he got up. “Oh, no, sir—it’s too much trouble for you. Just hand me ouj 50 cents, and the angels will bless you forevermore.” “I’ll have to go along and get a $-30 bill changed—come.” She made a rush for the door, knocking the india-rubber cat clear under the table, and, standing under the window, she shook her fist at him and yelled: “I’ll go home and teach them nine dear children to call ye an old baldheaded ward delegate, and don’t ye forget the fact!” “Heart-broken mother distressed widow, return —hold on—come back!” he cried. But she never returned, — Detroit Free Press.

Gold and Silver Production.

The annual report of Dr. Linderman, Director of the Mint, shows the gold and silver production for the year to have beon as follows: Locality. Gold, Silver. California $15,360,676 $ 2,873.389 Nevada 19,543.513 28.180.350 Colorado *. 3,866,404 6,394.940 Montana 2:260,511 1,669.635 Idaho X 150.000 2.200,000 Utah 382.000 5.208.000 Arizona 500,000 3,000.000 New Mexico 175.000 500,000 Oregon 1,000,000 100,000 Washington 300.000 250,000 Dakota 3,000,000 Lake Superior 100,000 North Carolina 150,000 ...... Georgia 100,000 '. Other HOurcOH 25,000 . 25,000 * Total #47,226,107 $40,726,314 The common cat is fed on fish and bred for its fur in Holland,

fflemocrutiq £?nttiin'.‘ JOB PRINTINB OFFICE Has bettor facOitiea than any office In Northtmten Indiana for the execution of all branches of JOB PniNTINTG. PROMPTNESS A SPECIALTY. Anything, from a Dodger to a Prioe-List, or from a pamphlet to a Poster, black or colored, plain or fancy. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

THANKSGIVING. It is the wont in this our glorious land, Whew freedom offers all a welcome hand. To render thanks ere autumn breathes its last. For benefits aud blessings of the past. Once more we hail this glorious day of thanks; But. as we look among ourerowded ranks. Does not one question sore distress the brain. And fill the heart, that would be glad, with pain? Give thanks—for what? For months of dire distress. Unlightened by one hour of happiness? Give thanks for bread we have no coin to buy? Give thanks for life, whilo death is lurking nigh? Can mortal heart be taught to feel delight, Obedient to the hour that makes it right? A dav of thanks! Ah. well, perhaps that day Will dawn indeed 1 We truly hope it may. When in one vast and undivided throng All voices shall be heard in grateful song! When clouds shall vanish that now hover murky. And all mankind shall have its slice of turkey.

WIT AND HUMOR.

Grate results — Cinders. Lie-abilities large — Anderson's. Fine day—Monday morning at the Police Court. A loan woman —One who has money out at interest. A private tooter —A recruit who plays the trombone. How to make a noise in the world— Strike for a blacksmith. Of course when a heavy shock comes tho Bank of Glasgow’s to pieces. The editor who was “ pained to announce ” took a couple of drams more and felt better. The last Irish bull is: “If I lived with such a disagreeable woman, she would always be alone.” It is not a misfortune for a young lady to lose her good name if a young man gives her a be iter one. It would sees' that we have about got down to a ird-money basis. At least it’s allfired hard to get hold of. Most young men are on the lookout for good openings, and yet they don’t like for the old man to thow them the door. What an effect climate has on natural development! In California they make alcohol out of beets. Here we make beats out of alcohol. “ When a man’s chin-whiskers turn gray before the hair on his head does it shows what part of him lias done the most work,” observes a philosophical exchange. “Will this answer, doctor?” asked the surgeon’s assistant, producing an instrument from the case. Pointing to his fair patient, the doctor replied: “Of course it’ll lance’er.” And it did. Judging from accounts, a less number than usual of aristocratic loafers and titled dead beats have succeeded in effecting marriage engagements with wealthy American girls this season. The Danbury Neics is full of new ideas. Witness this: “A ball of hair weighing nearly a pound was taken from the stomach of a calf in Bridgeport. What a butter cow she would have been!” How to put jellies away so they will not mold—Why, leave the store-room door open Saturday afternoon, and if there are any children in the house they’ll solve that problem in five minutes for you. As the horses came tearing down the home stretch, the one in the rear was steadily gaining on his antagonist. Cries Pat, in his excitement, “Five dollars that the hind horse comes in first! ” Tho bet was taken, and Pat lost, though his favorite won.— Boston Transcript. The melancholy (lays have come. When, as the bachelor hides his snout, Alone beneath the bedclothes, says, “This thing is about played out”— Likewise the sorrowing widower, Though he prefers a quiet life. For to build the fire and warm the bod, He wishes he had a wife. 7’he poor, oppressed family man Must surely be a stoic, To get up these cold and frosty nights For castor oil or paregoric. — VbcrhanQ*. He rushed out from her at the Grand the other night, and came back in a few moments with the remark that there was a fire up the street. “ Yes,” she replied, “ I think a whisky store must be burning down, and you swallowed some of the smoke.” He yanked a caramel into the off corner of his mouth, and became absorbed in the bill.— Breakfast Table. A FALL-OPENING TRAGEDY. Before a brilliant window full A wretched father stood. And gazed at silks, and lacc aud tulle, In fierce, despairing mood, And beat his breast and muttered “tool," And shook his fists quite rude, For there, within that gorgeous store. He saw his daughters three. Before a counter bending o’er, With heaped-up flneree, Keeping the clerks—perhaps a score— As busy as could bo. That father smiled a fiendish grin, Then turned and fled away; Back home again he ne’er has been — Those bills he didn’t pay; And his three daughters now take in Plain sewing by the day.

THE MARKETS.

NEW YOKE. Beeves #6 75 @ 9 50 Hoos 330 (& 3 50 Cotton . 9 Flour —Superfine 3 25 © 3 75 Wheat—No. 2 86 t& 1 06% Corn —Western Mixed 40 46 Oats— Mixed * 30!4@ 32 Hye— Western 58 (c§ 59 Pork—Mess 7 60 (5$ 8 (Ml Lard 6 0% CHICAGO. Beeves— Choice Graded Steers 4 GO @4 80 Cows and Heifers 2 00 (3> 8 (Hi Medium to Fair 3 (Ml @ 4 00 Hoos 2 15 (§ 3 10 Flour—Fancy White Winter fix.... 4 75 (d) 5 (Ml Good to Choice Spring Ex. 4 00 @4 50 Wheat—No. 2 Spring 80 (a) 81 • No. 3 Spring 09 (a} 70 Corn—No. 2 32 @ 33 Oats—No. 2 19 20 Bye—No. 2 44 ($ 46 Barley—No. 2 82 <3 83 Butter—Choice Creamery 20 26 Eggs— Fresh 17 <3l 18 Pork— Mess 6 75 (31 8 15 Lard s%<g> 8 MILWAUKEE. Wheat—No. 1 87 @ 1 01 No. 2 80 @ 81 Corn—No. 2 82 @ 33 Oats—No. 2 19 20 Rye—No. 1 41 @ 42 Barley— No. 2 81 83 ST. LOUIS. Whert—No. 2 Red Fall 88 @ 89 Corn— Mixed 30 @ 81 Oath— No. 2 18 <<s 19 Rye 43 <g 44 Pork—Mess 7 25 @ 7 45 Lard 5% CINCINNATI. Wheat— Red ; 88 @ 95 Corn 31 @ 32 Vi Oats.... 21 & 24 Vj Rye 48 @ 411 Pork— Mess . 7 26 <d) 8 25 Lard 5%@ 7 TOLEDO. Wheat— No. 1 White 94 @ 96 No. 2 Red 94 @ 96 Corn 33 (31 34 Oats—No. 2 21 @ 22 DETROIT. Flour—White 4 40 @ 4 75 Wheat—No. 1 White 94 @ 96 No. 1 Amber 93 @ 94 Corn —No. 1 39 @ 40 Oats—Mixed 23 @ 24 Barley (per cental) 1 15 @ 1 75 Pork—Mess 8 50 @ 9 26 EAST LIBERTY, PA. Cattle—Best 4 30 @ 4 60 Fair 4 00 <$ 4 10 Common..' 325 <a) 3 60 Hogs 2 00 <a 8 20 Shkep,, ~,900 $4 40