Democratic Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 12, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 3 May 1878 — Page 1

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NEWS SUMMARY

A report comes from Cbnstimtinoplo that 80,000 Mussulman!, presumably in the Balkan districts, have armed themselves With the cannon and rifles left behind by Suleiman Pasha at the time of his retreat, and attacked the Hannans. It Is said that the Russians have lost 5)00 men tand thirteen officers, and have asked for reinorcements from Adrianople. In a violent gale on the Black sea, a Turkish corvette was lost, with ninety of the crew. Pope Leo has issued his first encyclical, which is said to be generally moderate, bnt it renews the protest of the late Pope against the absorption of the States of the Church by the kingdom of Italy. Prof. Heinrich Leo, the German historian, :1s dead. A Constantinople dispatch states that Vassa —-A Vofllr pjfiolaau Lm,u lvrfft; that KW Lilt) scene of the insurrection in the Rhodophe mountains in the capacity of Turkish Commissioners. Tbe insurgents are well officered and provided with abundance of ammunition. They occupy impregnable positions. A deputation of Mussulman inhabitants of ltoumelia wailed upon Layard, the British Ambassador, and begged him to telegraph his Government to urge European intervention to put an end t<t- the atrocities committed by the Bulgarians. A London dispatch says great enthusiasm was manifested in military circles on its becoming known that the whole of the stafT and commissioned officers at Aldershott had received stringent orders from the War Office to hold themselves in complete readiness for immediate active service. In addition it was stated that all the principal officers had received important secret instructions for certain contingencies. The Grand Duke Nicholas has been promoted to the rank of Field Marshal Gereral of the Russian army—and relieved of his command of the forces in Turkey. By a boiler explosion in a Dublin foundry, fifteen persons wore killed and twelve seriously wounded.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.

East. William Orton, President of the Western Union Telegraph Company, died suddenly from a stroke of apoplexy, in Now York, the other day. He had been at the head of the Western Union Telegraph Company since 1867. Fall River, Mass., is agitated over another stupendous defalcation. An examination of the books of George T. Hathaway, Treasurer of the Border City and Sagamore mills, reveals a shortago in his accounts of between .*6OO 000 and •'6700,000, Hathaway is a cousin of Cn'ace, the Union mills defaulter. The President and a party of distinguished guests wore entertained by tho citizens of Philadelphia on the 24th of April. The twelfth annual meeting of’the National Board of Fire Underwriters was held in New York last week, Alfred Q. Raker. of Philadelphia, presiding. Ab jU t forty-fivo companies wore represented.. Tho following 011icer8 wero elected for '.fee ensuing year: Alfred G. Baker, Phil adelphia, President; B. Lockwood, New Vio* President; M. Bennett, Jr., Ilartfor df Secretary ; J. S. Parish, Providence, Trear /areri '/he Erie railroad was sold the other day at New York, in foreclosure suit, by the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company. The road was ipnrchased for $6,000,000 by ex-Gov. E. D. Morgan, David A. Wells and J. Lamber Welsh, who are Trustees for tho stockholders. A delegation of Southern Congressmen—Senators Gordon. Morgan and Jones, and Representatives Carlisle, Ellis, Ycates, Whitthome, Clark, Hooper, Young, Morey and Goode—visited Roston in a body last week, as tho guests of the Commercial Club. There was much speech-making, considerable gush, and a cordial handshaking across the “bloody chasm.” South. Three men, all colored, were hanged at Franklin, St. Mary’s parish, La., on the 22d of April. A freight train was thrown from the track :aud down an embankment, on tho Iron Mountain railroad, near St. Louis, the other day. Four tramps wore stealing a ride on the train, and two of them wore instantly killed, and the others badly injured. A San Antonio telegram reports another raid on the northwest frontier of Texas by Indians rom tho Fort 3tanton reservation. The Indiana who murdered fifteen persons near Loredo and captured a largo numbor of horses made good their escape. West. Portions of Illinois and lowa were visited by a disastrous storm on the 21st of April. At Galesburg, 111., the hurricane was preceded by a furious fall of hail, many of the stones being larger than hens’ eggs, which played fearful havoc with window-panes. At Pomeroy, lowa, a small station on the Illinois Central railroad, forty miles west of Fort Dodge, the tornado assumed a frightful velocity. Several Ihouses were blown down, four or five persons killed, and about twenty others wounded. In Jefferson county the storm did immense damage to dwellings, barns and fences. At Storm Lake, Monona county, a number of dwellings wero blown down and several people killed. Loss of life is reported at other localities in the path of the storm. Taken altogether it was the most disastrous tornado over experienced in the State of lowa. Chicago elevators contain 570,893 bushels of wheat, 1,887,003 bushels of corn, 139,450 bushels of oats, 83,162 bushels of rye and 460,319 bushels of barley, making a grand total of 3,140,827 bushels, agamst 7,525,393 bushels at this period last year. A San Francisoo telegram says that in that city recently small sums of greenbacks have been purchased for gold coin at a premium of 50 cents on every SI,OOO in notes.

WASHINGTON NOTES.

An order has been issued by the United Htatog Supreme Court, at Washington, assigning the Chief and Associate Justices to various Supreme circuits, as follows: First oircuit, Nathan Clifford, Associate Justice; Second circuit, Ward Hunt, Associate Justice: Third circuit, William Strong, Associate Justice; Fourth circuit, Morrison B. Waite, Chief Justice ; Fifth oircuit, Joseph P. Bradley, Associate Justice; Sixth circuit, Noah H. Bwayne, Associate Justioe; Seventh circuit, John M. Harlan, Associate Justice; Eighth circuit] Samuel F. Miller, Associate Justice; Ninth circuit, Stephen J. Field, Associate Justice. The new order was made in accordance with the recent appointment of a new Associate Justice. The House Committee on Naval Affairs has agreed to report a bill reccommending that the claim of Mrs. Dahlgren, for the Dahlgren gun, he referred to the Court of Claims, with a limit of $65,000. * ho J has nominated Geo. L. Smith m tt tor of Customs at New Orleans, o mted States Senate has reconsidered its action in rejecting the appointment of Mr. Colburn of the New York Times, as Consul General to Mexico, and confirmed him by a ftndsome vote,

The Democratic sentinel.

JAS W, McEWEN, Editor.

VOLUME 11.

A Washington dispatch announces the death, after a lingering illness, of William M. Evarts, Jr., the only son of tbe Secretary of State. His disease was consumption. Thd investigation against George Seward, Minister to China, is said to have disclosed such facts that tbe members of the House la vestigating Committee are of opinion that they will recommend the impeachment both of Minister Seward and of Consular Agent Bradford. This movement will be based upon alleged extortionate charges and other irregularities.

POLITICAL POINTS.

A Washington special to the Chicago Tribune says: “ A dispatch has been received here that McLin, of the Florida Returning Board, has confessed that the State was carried for Hay6B by fraud ” Hon. George C. Gorham, of California, has been appointed Secretary of the National Republican Congressional Committee. The President is reported to have informed an inquiring Congressman that, under the civil-service policy of the administration, any office-holder of the Government who voluntarily chooses to do so may contribute to political campaign funds, but he desires it to be understood that no officer or omploye of the Government will incur any danger as to the tenure of his office by refusing to do so. Senator Barnum, of Connecticut, the Chairman of the Democratic National Executive Campaign Committee, announces a meeting of the committee at Washington May 22. The committee, in his judgment, will not make any recommendation as to the Blair memorial, but will abide by the judgment of the House Judiciary Committee.

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS.

Sensational dispatches to the San Antonio (Tex.) Express, dated April 23, detail additional Indian and Mexican outrages. The raiders murdored men and women and carried ohildrca into captivity. No less than forty pergMiß have been killed and much stock taken. During the progress of a fire in Coburg, Ontario, tho other day, one of the walls of a burning building fell and buried six firemen. Three of them wore instantly killed, and three badly injured, one of them fatally. Friday, April 26, being the fifty-sixth anniversary of Odd Fellowship in the United States, was celebrated with due ceremony by the members of the order throughout the country. In anticipation of a war between England aud Russia, a movement is on foot in San Francisco to fit out a privateer to prey on British commerce. It is said letters of marque from the Russian Government have already been reoeived in blank.

FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS.

Monday, April 22. Sena tk.— Mr. Blaine introduced a resolu'ton declaring that any change in tho present Tariff laws would be Inopportune and damaging to the business interest of the country, and that a tariff for revenue should be maintained so as to afford adequate protection to American industry,.. Mr. Mitchell made a long speech in favor of the bill extending the t:mo for the completion of the Northern Pacific railroad. Messrs. Windom and Lamar also spoke In favor of the bi11....Mr. Voorhees submitted an amendment to the Senate substitute for the House bill to repeal the Specie-Resumption act, to the effect that the bill be operative as soon as passed, thus making greenbacks receivable for import dutieß at once, instead of Oct. 1.... Mr. Garland offered a resolution Instructing the Finance Committee to report a bill at aB early a day as possible providing for a commission to examine into the subject of the tariff, and report the result of such examination, with such suggestions as it may consider proper, at the next session of Congress. Ordered printed. House.— Montgomery Blair’s Maryland resolutions, for reopening tho Presidential muddle, were referred to the Judiciary Committee, without discussiou or objection....A motion to suspend the rules in order to take up and pass the bill for the reissuing of fractional paper currency and one and two-dollar bills was rejected.... The River and Harbor bill was read and passed under a suspension of the rules.... The following bills were Introduced aud referred: Ry Mr. Whitthorne, repealing the law imposing a tax on notes of State bai king Institutions; by Mr. Buckner, prohibiting benators, members, and other employes of the Government from receiving any compensation for services rendered by them in any proceeding, contract, or claim in which the United States may be directly or indirectly interested; by Mr. Peddie, regulating foreign insurance companies doing business in the United States; by Mr. Watson, exempting safetymatches from the payment of a stamp tax. Tuesday, April 23.—Senate.— Mr. Morrill, from the Committee on Finance, reported favorably en the House bill to prohibit the coinage of the 20cent piece of silver, and it was passed.... Mr. Maxey. from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported a bill authorizing the President to grant a certificate of merit for distinguished services to private soldiers, non-commissioned officers, and musicians ; also a bill granting $2 per month additional pay to those holding such certificates of merit. Placed on the calendar.. ..The amendment of the-House to the bill granting a pension to Gen. James Bbields, so as to increase his pension from SSO to SIOO per month, was, on motion of Mr. Bargent, referred.... Consideration was resumed of the bill to extend the time for the construction aud completion of the Northern Pacific railroad. After a long discussion and several amendments the bill was passed. House.— The proceedings In the House were of a decidedly ludicrous character, an excited and humorous discussion upon a protest to tho River and Harbor bill taking place, which continued for four and a half hours. Finally the protest wag not allowed a place in the journal, and the House adjourned. Wednesday, April 24. — Senate. —Mr. Eustis introduced a bill providing for ocean mail steamship service between the United States and Brazil. Referred.... Mr. Dorsey submitted a resolution instructing the Committee on Public Lands to inquire into the late survey of the western boundary of the State of Arkansas, if the title to any public land is affected thereby, and what further legislation is necessary on the subject. Agreed t 0.... The House bill for the relief of James Fishback, late Collector of Internal Revenue Tenth District of Illinois, was passed.... The Printing Deficiency bill was discussed and passed... .Mr. Ferry introduced a bill regulating the compensation for the transportation of mails on railroad routes. Referred... .The bill to amend the Revised Statutes in relation to deposits for savings was passed.... Senate bill in relation to the jurisdiction of District Courts in Utah, Wyoming, and other Territories, in matters of divorce, was passed.

House.—The resolution to begin the sessions at 11 o’clock on and after Monday next was adopted.... Mr, Knott, the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, reported a bill for the distribution of the unexpended balance of the Oeneva award. Printed and recommitted.... Mr. Kenna, from the Committee on Commerce, reported a bill extending the operations of the Lighthouse Board over the Illinois river, for that establishment of lights, buoys, etc. Passed. ...Mr. Roberts, from the same committee, reported a Dill providing that the hailing place of every vessel of the United States may be the town where the vessel is built, or where the owner resides. Passed Mr. Bpringer introduced a bill authorizing the Committee on Civil-Service Reform to ascertain the number of employes of the House, and what change, if any, is necessary to promote efficiency in the service. ...Mr. Clymer, from the Committee on Appropriations, reported back the Naval Appropriation bill with various Senate amendments, recommending concurrence in some and non-con-currence in others. The report of the committee was agreed to The Senate Funding bill in regard to the Pacific Railway Companies having been reached on the Speaker’s table, Mr. Cox, of New York, moved that It be put upon its passage. Under the previous question, the main question being ordered, a vote was taken on the passage of the bill, and resulted—yea«, 243; nays, 2; so the bill was tassed. The negative votes were cast by Messrs. lutler and Lynde.... The next bill on the Speaker’s table was the bill for the repeal of the Bankrupt P endin ß consideration of which the House then took a recess until 7:30 p. m„ the evening session for debate only, Thursday, April 25.— Senate. —The River and Harbor Appropriation bill, which recently passed the House, was read by title and referred. '‘“'Kent, the Senate Insisted 3E m J*5 f“®5 d , meiltß to the Naval Appropriation Ao^S d tn k Sr! M a «^ nfertnce wl th the House. Agreed to. Mr. Matthews submitted a resolution directing the Secretary of War to report to the Senate whai amount of money had been expended for the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers how much it will cost to complete the work how much has been paid for right of way, attorneys’ fees, etc. He asked for present consideration of the resolution, but it was objected to by Mr. Cameron of Wisconsin, anfi WW l«id oyer,...Adjourned to Monday, '

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, MAY 3,1878.

House.—The House, after a long debate, concurred in the Senate amendment to the bill to repeal the Bankrupt law... .Mr. Schleicher, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, submitted a report of that committee in reference to the Mexican border troubles, together with a bill m relation thereto, requesting the President to keep on the Texas border not less than 6,C00 men to protect American citizen*. and authorizing the crossing < f the border by United States troops nntil such treaty stipulations shall lie made with Mexico as may secure an efficient protection to American citizens and property. Referred to the committee of the whole. ...Mr. Cox, of Hew York, Introduced a joint resolution for a joint committee, to be denominated the Committee on Census, to take into consideration the proper measures to be employed for taking the next census. Adopted. Friday, April 26.— Senate.—Not in session. House.—A bill was passed exempting from enrollment and admeasurement all vessels not propelled by steam or sail, except vessels of that character engaged in trade with contiguous foreign territory.... The Fostoffice Appropriation bill was passed. Saturday, April 27.— Senate. —Not in session. Umuß The Indian Appropriation Dill was passed. It appropriates* $4,772,000.... The Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appfopriation bill was tak<-n up and discussed in committee of the whole. The total amouut appropriated by the bill is $14,730,000.

Big Six.

Tweed began life at the bottom, sold cushions for chairs, run with an engine in the old days of voluntary fire companies, and got the nickname of Big Six from tlie company of which he was the leader. By some sort of hocuspocus he got admitted to the bar, was chosen member of the Common Council, was sent to Congress one term, became Sohool Committeeman, Alderman, and Supervisor, and, finally, head of the Department of Public Works. In those days he was tall, vigorous, good-looking, with a large head and a commanding presence, though afterward he grew fat and somewhat heavy. His mind was wonderfully quick in its perceptions and movements. He could think round anybody he came in contact with. All his movements were remarkably rapid, and he would do more work in one day than three ordinary men. He spoke witli a lightning-like rapidity of utterance, and, when a little excited, would discharge a volley of words all at once as from a mortar. Last fall, when before the Aldermen, he ejaculated one of these speeches, the words flying after each other as though a charge of dynamite had exploded under a dictionary, electrifying the listeners and filling the sliort-hand reporters with eonsternation. The celerity and grip of his mind and his ability to organize and use men were at the bottom of his success. Then he was royally liberal. He gave as he got, with a free hand. To ask was to get, if he had anything to give. In his prosperous days he distributed thousands every year in gifts to friendß, alms to the poor, contributions to societies and churches. His almost unbounded liberality made him popular and gained him the support of hundreds. People felt that there was a royalty in his giving that atoned in part for his questionable getting, and took his donations without stopping to ask questions. But, at the bottom, Tweed was immoral. He seems never to have had a conscience, nor to have been troubled with scrnples of any kind. He was often surprised when his associates warned him not to offend the moral sense of the oommunity, and wondered that civilized beings could be such fools. He believed in neither God nor hereafter, and once wished that he might die in a ten-acre lot, where there would be room enough to have a good square kick for the last time.

The Poverty of India.

India has been for half a century too poor even to bear the slight cost of developing her own resources. The grand mistake we have made has been in ruling her as if she were the El Dorado of romance instead of the famine-stricken, pauperized empire of reality. What wealth there is exists in the hands of the few, of whom the majority are foreigners. But public burdens and the cost of government are wrung from the penniless pockets of the poor, who, wuile they can hardly keep body and soul together, have been expected to pay for costly “improvements,” involving liabilities that it would tax the energies of the richest states to meet. Two millstones hang around the neck of the Indian empire— (1) ever-increas-ing debt, (2) constantly-recurring deficits. When the company handed over the country to the crown in 1858 the debt of India was £59,500,000. It is now £234,000,000. In 1858 the charge for interest on debt was £2,500,000. It is now over £11,000,000, and, allowing that railways and canals clear off nominally about £3,700,000, we have still an annual debt charge to be met out of the taxes of £7,300,000. Of course it is said that this huge debt has conferred benefits on India in the shape of public works. Of the railways we may safely say they were built on an extravagant gauge, which even a rich country like England could not have afforded, and that when they are not a dead loss they pay about 3; per cent, of the 5 per cent, dividend guaranteed by the state. The very “improvement” in their business is due to the famine traffic. As to the irrigation works, they are a dead loss. In Bengal alone the loss on these schemes in 1875-’76 was £203,700, and that, too, when only £4,072,742 was spent by way of outlay. Even Sir John Strachey dares not conjecture what the loss will be when the outlay reaches, as under the existing system it must, £B,000,000. —London Examiner.

Curing a Tarantula Bite.

William Logan, says the Stockton, (Cal.) Independent , was bitten by a tarantula lately. The poison permeated his system, the part bitten swelled rapidly, and for some time it was believed that the case would be serious. A few bottles of whisky, swallowed in succession, counteracted the poison, but, unfortunately got the best of poor Logan’s reason. He became boisterous, broke open the door of a dwelling with an ax, and it was found necessary to confine him in the town jail. There he continued his harangue till midnight, drawing a crowd from all parts, many supposing the agitator Kearney bad arrived by the late boat and was holding a sand-lot meeting. It was shortly discovered that Logan had set -fire to the jail. When Constable Pitts arrived and opened the door, he found a brisk fire in one comer and Logan in the other, watching the crackling flames and engaged in devotional exercises. Dick Rice was traveling westward through Nevada, and, being generous, he gave room in his wagon to two men whom he overtook. The three men camped together that night. On the following morning one of the strangers went to a settlement, quarreled with some miners, and killed one of them. A mob chased him back to the camp, where Rice joined in his defense. The mob then hanged them all, in spite of Rice’s protest that he knew nothing of bis companions.

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

CAN WE RESUME?

Not Gold and Stiver Enough In the United States for That Purpose. We give below an extract from that portion of Senator Jones’ great silver speech, delivered in the Senate about two years ago, in which the speaker dealt with the problem of resumption. At the present moment, when the question of resumption is before the country in Buch a form as to call for action, the facts and considerations adduced by the Senator are peculiarly deserving of careful consideration. It will be naticed that when the Senator spoke we had an exclusive gold standard, but this fact does not affect, in the slightest degree, what he says about the amount of coin necessary as a resumption fund, He holds that at least 0510,000,000 would be required, in gold and silver, as a redemption fund. It will be noticed that Senator Jones points to England’s experience as bearing out his deductions; and certainly all those economists who say that it is impossible to resume on a small stock of the precious metals have the former experience of England and the recent experience of France to appeal to.

The world's stock of coin is $6,700,000,000, of which nearly one-half is of silver. Of this sum, Europe, America, and the rest of the Occidental world employ about $3,600,000,000. Previous to the late partial demonetizations of tilver in the Latin Union and in Germany and the United States, these $3,600,000,000 consisted of, let us say, $2,000,000,000 of gold and $1,600,000,000 of silver. They now consist of, say, about $2,400,000,000 gold and $1,200,000,000 silver. By continuing to exclude silver from equal participation with gold in the currency of the United States, and attempting to resume specie payments, we occasion a demand for, say, $360,000,000 of gold wherewith to pay off the greenbacks aud furnish bank reserves, aud $50,600,000 of silver in lieu of the fractional notes. If we could Obtain these $400,000,000 of metal without drawing it from other countries in Europe or America, they would add so much to the stock of coin in the Occidental world, which would then be $2,750,000,000 of gold and $1,260,000,000 of silver. This is the answer to tbe question so far as the Occidental world is concerned. The quantity of tne precious metals needed for money aud the basis of credit in the Occidental world—that is to say, the quantity needed to maintain prices at their present level—is at least $4,000,000 000. Of this sum the United States, if it succeeds in resuming specie payments, will hold about $400,000,000. Now, let me ask, in the first place, where these $400,000,000 are expected to come from? Gentlemen may dispute the premise and contend that no such sum of $400,01.0,000 is necessary. They may point to the fact that just previous to the time of the suspension in 1862 the entire stock of coin in this country was estimated at not over $300,000,000 (Financial Report, 1861, pp. 25 and 62) of which probably not over three-fourths or $225,000,000 were in gold. Granted that this was the fact, and I have no doubt it was, it must not be forgotten that since 1862 the population of this country has increased 50 per cent., and its exchangt s fully 100 per cent. What is the proof of this? Simply that in 1861 our whole circulating media consisted of $300,000,000 in coin and $200,000,000 of bank notes, which circulated witnin limited areas at or nearly par ; whereas now it consists of not more than $140,000,000 of coin and some $750,000,000 of Government and bank paper, the latter circulating (throughout nearly the whole country) at about 87X cents to the dollar ; tay total circulation at par equal to $800,000,000. This is 70 per cent, more than the par circulation of 1861—an incontestable proof that exchanges- have increased in volume at least 70 per cent. Taking into consideration the superior activity of the legal-tender and national-bank nates over the old State-bank notes, and the improvement and development of railways, telegraphs, clear-ing-houses and other mechanisms of exchange, since 1861, it cannot be doubted that the bulk of to-day’s exchanges in this country is at least double that of a corresponding day in 1862. Suppose, however, we put it at only 70 per cent, higher; then, in order to resume specie payment upon at least as firm a footing as specie payments stood in 1861—and the universal suspension of the banks toward tho end of that year proves that it was not so firm a footing as could have been wished—we shall require at least 70 per cent, more specie than we employed in 1861. Add 70 per cent, to $300,060,600, and you have $510,000,000. Allow $140,000,000 for specie already in the country, in the banks, in private hands, and in the vaults of the treasury, and yon will need $370,000,000 in order to resume. Of this $370,000,000 the Government will need, perhaps, about $350,000,000, and the banks the remainder. But the apportionment is of no consequence in this connection. The substantial fact is that in order to resume specie payments we shall need $370,000,0C0 —say, for round ' figures, $400,000,000 —of specie, of which, under the operation of (he act of 1873, about $350,000,000 must be in gold. I now ask where are those $350,000,000 expected to come from? Again, do I fancy I bear interpellation. I sha 1 perhaps be told that a proposi oa is eveu now before Congress, a proposition from careful and able sources, aud boasting the indorsement of high financial authority, a proposition which assumes that $100,000,000 in gold will be sufficient wherewith to enable the country to return to specie payments.

I refer to a speech which has been made in the Senate. But I warn gentlemen to beware of making a mistake in respect of this matter, for a mistake will set us back many years. The British Government tried to resume in 1817, after a suspension of twenty years, but it failed, and resumption was deferred for seven other years, until 1821. If we try to resume in 1879 with $100,000,000 and fail, we may be set back a quarter of a century. Moreover, if we fail, somebody—most probably some clique of stock-gamblers—wilL make 15 or 20 per cent, out of the operation. How? Easy enough! Knowing that $100,000,000 was the limit of the Government’s ability to pay, they could easily make arrangements with the banks and depositors throughout the country to withdraw $100,000,000 in greenbacks on the eve of the day of resumption, and present them for payment at the treasury. After having drawn the last doilar of specie out of the latter, they could, by presenting an additional note, compel it to suspend again. Then gold would jgo ud once more, perhaps to the full extent of the figure from which it would have fallen; and the clique could sell their specie in the market and realize their profit. This is not only d possible occurrence, it is a probable one—a highly probable one—almost a certainty. There is nothing in the world to prevent it except two things: First, Ihe inability of a clique to raise $100,000,000 ; second, the possibility that the treasury, in offering to redeem its issues, may arbitrarily and unexpectedly prefer notes of particular numbers or dates of issne. Bnt these objections are frivolous. Experience has demonstrated that there is no difficulty whatever on the part of stock-jobbing cliques to raise $100,000,000, while, with regard to making preferred credits of certain notes, the treasury has no autnority to do so, and, if it had, the exercise of such authority would be almost certain to be defeated through treachery. Secrets so weighty as this one would be are impossible to keep. Even if it did not leak out, the clique would be certain to monopolize the treasury doors to the exclusion of all comers. In short, wealth, power, organization, experience and special training would be ranged on the one side, against a scattered and indifferent population on the other; and who can doubt which would win? Finally, even if carried out successfully, the exercise of such authority would be unlawful and unjust. We cannot resume with $100,000,000 nor with $200,000,000. Why, gentlemen, we have had $140,000,000 in specie in the treasury on several occasions during the past ten years. If it is practicable to resume now with $100,000,000, why was it not practicable on those occasions with $140,000,000 ? It was certainly not for lack of desire on the part of the Secretary of the Treasury, bnt simply because both the Secretary and Congress plainly saw that the thing eonld not be done. It is better to be on the safe side of an operation of this magnitude and importance. It is better to have a dollar more than is necessary fojr the purpose of resuming than a dollar

less than is necessary. We cannot expect to resume upon false pretenses. We cannot, and if we can We ought not, hoodwink the people or Fun the risk of failing, and, therefore, of unsettling values for an indefinite period in the future. In order to resume we must pay dollar for “deilar,” and dollar for dollar, as the law now stands, means at least $350,000,000 in gold. And now, for the third time, I ask, Where are these $350,000,000 to come from? Gentlemen may differ with me as to the sum needed for resumption. Some may believe $200,000,000 are enough, others may even consider $100,000,000. I have briefly discussed these opiuions and do not believe that less than $350,000,000 will suffice. With only $129,500,000 of Bank of England and $144,000,000 of provincial bank notes afloat in 1815, total $273,500,000 in paper, England required over $270,000,000 in Coin before she was enabled to resume. After you shall have resumed less coin may be required in the country; but in order to resume you will require a dollar in coin for every dollar of Government paper afloat, and, in my opinion, and, as shown by the experience of England, you will also have to give the national banks time to acquire an equal fund of specie before they can resume ; otherwise you may bankrupt every one of them.

Financial System—Who Reaps Our Benefit.

A correspondent of the Rural World, in a recent number of that paper, draws a vivid picture of the financial system of onr Government, proving conclusively from his standpoint that national banks have been detrimental to the interests of the masses. Can this be successfully controverted ? “I am a bondholder. In 1864 I had 020,000 in gold. I gave it for $50,000 in greenbacks and gave them for fifty thousand 5 20 bonds, deposited them with the Treasurer at Washington, and he gave me $46,000 in blackbacks. I came home and started a national bank, I loaned the blackbacks to the farmers, and of course took a mortgage on their farms. Thus in about four weeks after I sold my gold I bad $95,000 on interest. As the law only allowed me 10 per cent, on loans, I had a silent partner who started an office and advertised Eastern money to loan at 10 per cent, on farms for security, and no money let for less than five years, and in sums of SSOO and upwards. But my partner always charged 5 per cent, commission for doing business—and the deposits in my bank generally amounted to $30,000 on an average, and I generally kept it loaned out—and during all this time my $50,000 in Washington were drawing 6 per cent, in gold. I always converted the gold into greenbacks and loaned them, and thus, by honesty, economy and industry, on Jan. 1, 1870, I had mortgage notes of $182,000. “ Since then I have been swindled by a great many disVonest farmers, who mortgaged me land for more than it was worth, and have been heavily assessed by the Bankers’ Union for money for political purposes, such as passing laws to strengthen the national credit; so I have been eight years and have only doubled my capital, which is now a little over $360,000. Now I can’t see wherein I have dealt unjustly. Then why all this cry against the bondholders, and why should the people want to pay us off in worthless greenbacks and cheap silver ? I would advise the greenback men to just keep cool, keep your shirts on till we show you our hand. It is true, 1 expected when I bought bonds that greenbacks would redeem them. But Congress has settled that question by passing a resolution tnat we should be paid in coiu. And when silver began to be so plenty Congress saw, in its wisdom, that to pay us who stepped for • ward in the time of peril, and laid our money on the altar of our country, would be financial ruin to us, a twin brother to repudiation. So it demonetized silver.

“Now, you greenback yelpers and howlers,* just keep cool, keep cool, and trust to the Government, and don’t go back on the public faith. The first thing you know you will be called disloyal. Now, would you not be ashamed, right in the face of our noble laws, to offer the German and English, that live away over in Europe, our greenback rags and cheap silver for United States bonds ? It is true the present bond system is oppressing the poor of this country, but they can afford to grin and bear it for the sake of honesty and loyalty. If you go back on public faith, and then get into another war, we will not let the Government have our money. And, further, if you go off to these outside unimportant issues, when we send out our speakers in the next campaign, and crack our party whips over your backs, you will leap back into the traces, and feel ashamed of the way you are now doing. Beware ! beware ! I could say to you much more, but the above is plain and simple, and should be sufficient for the present.”

An “Honest-Money” Fallacy.

The Secretary of “The HonestMoney League of the Northwest,” among the platitudes of the pamphlet he has had published for the enlightenment of the people in currency matters, has the following: “A financial system, if good, is good for all alike; if bad, it is bad for all alike. As well talk of one kind of atmosphere being healthy for the rich, and unhealthy for the poor, as of one kind of money being for the benefit of the rich and injurious to the poor.” The pamphlet is full of such fallacies. A financial system may be good for one class and bad for another, as may a tariff system be very beneficial to one class and injurious to all other classes, and as a Government may bring to the laps of luxury the fruits of toil, and allow to the producers of wealth a meager subsistence only. History is full of such instances, and equally as full of arguments from the mouths of the favored classes that what is good for them is good for all, and what is bad for them is bad for all. It is the soothing song always sung by the money power when it has got legislation fixed to suit itself. The policy which McCulloch persuaded Congress to adopt, of contraction of the currency in order to come to specie payments, was good for the moneyed classes, but very bad for the people generally. The misery, the suffering, the bankruptcies, the suicides that followed in the train of that policy, and that were caused by it, and the wealth it added to the coffers of certain classes, show, with the clearness of sunlight, the fallacy of the statement made by the Secretary of the league.—Cincinnati Enquirer.

The Aim of Currency Reform.

In calling attention to the pamphlet issued by the Secretary of what calls itself by the pretentious title of “ The Honest-Money League of the Northwest, ” the Boston Advertiser says : “In concluding, the writer says the question is not what, under all circumstances, would be the best currency'fcys-

tern. We have in fact three kinds of currency, coin, greenbacks and bank notes. What shall we do with them ?is the practical issue. The Honest Money League says : * Let them alone. Stop tinkering at the currency laws, and let them be administered as they now stand.’” The money power, when it has all that it wants, is very conservative. When it has procured currency laws to be enacted to snit its interests, It becomes very sensitive to suggestions looking to a change. * The harmony of things as they are must not be disturbed, nor the downy bed it reposes on be rumpled by discontented hands. It wishes to be let alone. Hence its prevailing tone becomes: ‘ ‘Stop tinkering at the currency laws, and let them be administered as they now stand.” To fix the laws in the interests of the money power is termed “salutary legislation. ” To shape the laws in the interests of the people is stigmatized as “tinkering with the currency laws.” The industrial interests of the country have been pretty well ground to powder by administering the laws as the money power procured them to be made. And to “stop tinkering at the currency laws, and let them be administered as they now stand,” would simply be making the rich richer, and the poor poorer. A change is absolutely demanded by the public interests. Neither the threats nor insolence of the money power will stop the efforts that are making to bring about such change, and that change will consist in securing a currency system which, under all circumstances, will be the best. —Exchange.

GREAT RAILWAY PROJECTS.

Propositions in Congress to Cheapen Transportation. The House Committee on Railways and Canals has adopted the report of the sub-committee on Representative Schleicher’s bill to provide for cheap transportation of freight between the Atlantio coast and the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and agreed to report the bill to the House with a favorable recommendation. The bill provides for the appointment of a commission of twelve persons by the Governors of the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, lowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska and Missouri, each State being entitled to one Commissioner. It is proposed that the board to be created shall constitute a body politic and corporate, under the name of “The United States Railroad Corporation;” and the same shall be recognized as a corporation authorised to obtain necessary franchises, and right of way and title thereto, in the manner prescribed by the laws of the States, for the purpose of locating, building and operating a railway, principally for freight, from New York to Council Bluffs, lowa, such as shall offer the best connection with the system of railroads west of the Missouri river. The compensation of the Commissioners shall be paid by the corporation at the rate of $3,000 per annum each.

The House Committee on Railroads also voted unanimously to report favorably on the bill gaanting a charter to the Washington, Cincinnati and St. Louis Narrow-Gauge Railroad Company. This company already begun building its road, and has about fifty miles of it already graded in Virginia. It is asserted that a road of three-feet gauge can be built and operated for less than one-half the expense of the standardgauge roads, and that the result will be an immense reduction in the charges for railroad transportation between the large cities of the West and the Atlantic seaboard. This company proposes to run a line of freight steamers from Washington to New York to connect with its road. It also proposes to establish branches to Chicago, and gradually to extend a narrow-gauge system to all important points in the East and West. One of the great advantages claimed for this road is that it will open up the West Virginia coal-fields, the splint and cannel coal, which is a eaid to be 40 per cent, higher as fuel for gas-making than any coal produced in Pennsylvania.

Important Supreme Court Decisions.

The following decisions have been given in the United States Supreme Court: Pullman vs. Upton, Assignee; error to the Circuit Court for the Northern District of Illinois. In this case the chief question decided is that an assignee of corporate stock, who has caused it to be transferred to himself on the books of the company and holds it ns collateral security for a debt due from his assignee, is liable for unpaid balances thereon to the company after it has become bankrupt. The principle of the decision is that the creditors of a bankrupt company are entitled to the whole capital of the bankrupt as a fund for the payment of debts due them, and this they could not do if the transferee of the shares is not responsible for whatever remains unpaid upon his shares, for by the transfer on the books of the corporation the former owner is discharged. The bankrupt in this case is the Great Western Insurance Company, of Chicago. Affirmed. Garfield et aL vs, Paris et al.; error to the Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. In this case the question was whether a contract was controlled by the laws of New York or Michigan. The defendants in error, liquor dealers in New York, sold liquor to appellants, citizens of Michigan. The prohibitory liquor law of the latter State rendered the sale void if the contract was controlled by it. The decision is that, as the sale was made in New York, and as part of the delivery was made, it was a New York contract, and one hot affected by the statute of frauds of the State. Affirmed.

No More Sleepless Nights.

Somebody who seems to have tried it says: “The last method we have heard of for curing cases of pure sleeplessness, when unaccompanied by pain or disease, is the following : Get out of bed and take a linen bandage—although a handkerchief, neatly folded longwise, will do as well, perhaps better. Dip one-half of the handkerchief into water; pass the wet portion around the wrist; over this lay the dry half, and tuck in the ends so as to make all secure. Lie down again. The wet bandage will be found to exercise a most soothing influence on the pulse; this will soon extend all over the nervous system, and calm, refreshing sleep will be the result.” Tub “ agony columns” of the Turkish newspapers are filled with advertisements for lost relations, giving painful evidence of the dispersion of families of the Mussulman population which has taken plaoe in the districts by war.

$1.50 Ber Annum

NUMBER 12.

LAMB CHOPS.

George TV. Feck Tells What He Knows A boat the Sheep FamMy. Fellow Spring Lambs : The subject of sheep culture is one that may well arrest the attention of the truly good. There is no branch of horticulture that is so neglected as the raising of sheep. And there is no other garden vegetable that is so early brought to maturity as the lamb. The transition from the early bunting period, when the little creatures scratch fleas off their foreheads by bunting their heads against the front part of another lamb, to the time when they are hung up by the hind leg, at the market, to be sold for garnishing with mint sauce, is indeed short, and every moment should be made use of to prepare the mind of the lamb for the great change, for death and what follows.

The sheep family is made up of four classes. The lamb is the little baby of the family, that has to be looked after by all the rest, that has to be learned to walk, to talk, to say “ma,” and to tip over the furniture in the sheep pen. The lamb has to go through all the diseases children have, only we do not notice it. At first the lamb has to cut teeth, then have the measles, and the whooping cough, the itch, and it gets in love, just like human beings. It is a sad sight to see a lamb in love, and to see the unrequited affection, to see its cheeks pale, as the object of its affection passes along unmindful of its sufferings, to see it lose its appetite, and sigh, and weep. But, in all its troubles about love affairs, the lamb never gets to drinking or playing base-ball. It takes its heart troubles to its mother, and unburdens itself to the old lady, and lays down at her feet and goes to sleep, and the old lady shuts her eyes and chews her cud, and thinks, hour after hour, how to help the lamb out of the difficulty. The mother of thp lamb is called the ewe. Ido not know why the mother of the lamb is called a ewe, but maybe ewe do. Anyway she answers to that name, and performs the part allotted to her in this life without a murmur, and she never talks back. You never see the ewe gossipping over the fence with a neighboring ewe, and talking about other ewes while hanging out clothes, or making fun of another ewe’s last fall’s hat, which she is compelled to wear all the spring, because her husband was “long ” on wheat when he should have been “ short.” You never hear of a ewe getting cross and scolding because the head of the house has to go down town to attend the Lodge of Royal Arch Masons, and she never sits up till 12 o’clock to see if she can smell beer when he comes home. When a ewe meets another ewe on the street, she never looks back to see how her polonaise sets, or to see if her cloak is a “ circular,” or a short sealskin lengthened out with mink. The ewe never gets up first in the morning and goes through pantaloons pockets and takes out ali the change, so her protector has to walk down town, not having a nickel to pay car fare. The ewe never gets mad and pulls hair, so that the one who has sworn to love, honor and protect has to wear his hair baldheaded. She never asks for a new dress the very day the rent has to be paid, -No, the ewe is a good, kind, domestic wife, an indulgent parent, and a good neighbor, who also pays back the tea and sugar she borrows.

The next branch of the sheep family is the wether. The wether is the uncle of the lamb, a bachelor uncle, and he don’t amount to any more than any old bachelor. They are useful, ornamental, .and good to carry shawls and baskets to picnics, and to go home with the sheen from festivals, and to talk nonsense, mit they never mean business. They may be attentive, and monopolize the time of young sheep just beginning to go into society, and just as you are beginning to think of orange blossoms, and wedding cake, and, a bridal trip to Wauwatosa, you are startled by the announcement that the affair is “ postponed on account of the wether. ” The bachelor sheep are useless, entirely, except for mutton, like those of the human family. As an emblem of purity, innocence and tenderness, the lamb cannot be excelled—in the spring. But in the fall, when it arrives at the age of discretion, it is tough. The sheep is one of the most constant, devoted animals. It can constantly be found on the table of boarding houses. There is sympathy between the housekeeper and the sheep which is touching. Though the boarders may abhor mutton, the friendship between the sheep and the landlady is so firm that she will not go back on her old-time friend. Scoffers will say that this is because mutton is cheaper than any other species of homed cattle, but that cannot be true. There is no other meat that will stand the hard usage that mutton will unless it be India rubber in its native state. Rubber, just as it comes from the mint, will compare favorably for toughness with boardinghouse mutton, but after the rubber is manipulated into overshoes, or belting, or car springs, it loses much of its tenacity of purpose, and mutton takes the chromo for elasticity, durability and ornament.

The Story of May-Day.

Alas, children 1 the world is growing old. _ Not that dear old Mother Earth begins to show her 6,000 (more or lesB) years, by stiff joints and clumsy movements, by clinging to fier winter’s rest and her warm coverlet of snow, forgetting to push up the blue-eyed violets in the Bpring, or neglecting to unpack the fresh green robes of the trees. No, indeed ! The blessed mother spins around the sun as gayly as she did in her first year. She rises from her winter sleep fresh and young as ever. Every new violet is as exquisitely tinted, as sweetly scented, as its predecessors of a thousand years ago. Each new ma-ple-leaf opens as delicate and lovely as the first one that ever came out of its tightly-packed bud in the spring. Mother Nature never grows old. But the human race changes in the same way that each one of us does. The race had its childhood when men and women played the games that are now left to you youngsters. ' We can even see the change in our own day. Some of us—who are not grandmothers, either —can remember when youth of 14 and 15 played many games which nowadays an unfortunate damsel of 6 years—ruffled, embroidered and white-gowned, with delicate shoes, and hips in the viceliked grasp of a modern sash—feels are altogether too young for her. Well, well! What do you suppose our greatgrandchildren will do ? When the Romans came to Britain to live, many hundred years ago, they brought, of course, their own customs and festivals, among which was one in memory of Flora, the Goddess of Flowers, The heathen—our ancestors, you

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know—adopted them with delight, being in the childhood of their race. They became very popular; and when, some years later, a good priest, Gregory, came (from Rome, also) to convert the natives, ho wisely took advantage of their fondness for festivals, and, not trying to suppress them, he simply altered them from heathen feasts to Christian games, by substituting the names of saints and martyrs for heathen gods and goddesses. Thus the Floralia became May-day celebration, and lost none of its popularity by the change. On the contrary, it was oarried on all over England for ages, till its origin would have been lost but for a few painstaking old writers, who “made notes” of everything. The Floralia we care nothing for, but the May-day games have lasted nearly to our day, and some relics of it still survive in our young country. When you crown a May Queen, or go with a May party, you are simply following a custom that the Romans began, and that our remote ancestors in England carried to such lengths that not only ordinary people, but lords and ladies, and even King and Queen, laid aside their state and went “ a-Maying ” early in the morning, to wash their faces in May dew, and bring home fresh boughs and flowers to deck the May-pole, which reared its flowery crown in every village. —Olive Thome, in St. Nicholas for May.

“Blind” Letters at the New York Postoffice.

The average of misdirected letters sent up to this department is over 500 a day; the day I was there last it ran up to about 1,000. The most difficult of these go to Mr. Stone, who is called “the blind man,” perhaps because he can decipher an inscription that is utterly illegible to any other man in America. His most difficult cases are the foreign letters. Here is a letter directed to “ Sanduik,” which he makes out to be Sandy Hook. Sometimes the arrangement of the name and address is curious:

For Mr. thomas Smith Bridge port poHtoffice Conn. America is very plain when you once understand that is “ For Mr. Thomas Smith, Bridgeport, Conn., America.” But when a man says “ Hoio,” how is anybody but a blind man to know that he means Ohio ? One letter reads, “Bet Feet Rue de Agua.” Now the blind man knows that “ Rue de Agua ” is Spanish for Water street, and that there is a Water street in New Bedford, Mass. “ Lysram, Warner C 0.,” he translates into Luzerne, Warren Co., and “Common county, P. A.,” is made into Cameron county, Pa. But who would guess that “ Overn C. D. Learey,” in one line, means that it is to go to Auburn, in search of C. D. L.? One letter is directed to “Kuustanzer Brauerei, S. L, Amerika.” Mr. Stone recollects the fact that Constance’s Brewery is at Stapleton, Staten Island, and the letter is sent there. He reads “ loel ” into lowa, and “ te Pella in Yomah” he makes to go to Pella, in the same State. Nor does Ohio get off with one miss. Here is one letter that wants to go to “ Stadt Hioh Zuusounati, Strasse 15,” —that is, to the State of Ohio, Cincinnati, Street 15. But that is not all. This other one wants to reach the same city ; but it has a bad spell of another kind, for its direction runs “Scitznaty.” And then “Pizzo Burg Messessip,” is sent to Vicksburg. Michigan is spelled “mutting,” “Glass works Berkshire” is sent to Pittsfield, in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, where there is a glass factory. But the hardest one I saw was addressed to “ John Hermann Scliirmen,” in one line, with the wonderful word “ Staguekaundo” for the rest. Mr. Stone cut the word in twain, and read it “ Chautauqua county.” while he translated the whole into “John Hermann, Sherman Postoffice, Chautauqua county, N. Y. ” But there are some which even a blind man cannot make out. One letter in rather a good handwriting is very vaguely addressed to Mackay, Esq., Amerique, Another reads : Too much ofthis. From your affectionate son, Anton Hiembuboer. In this case the close of the letter has been copied exactly by some one who did not understand the language. Instead of too much of this, there is really too little. But here is a case where the top of the letter has been imperfectly copied in the same fashion. It reads : “ Tuesday Evening, Nord America.” If Tuesday Evening should see this article, he will know that his letter has gone back again to Europe.— Edward Eggleston, in Scribner for May.

The Negro Exodus.

The exodus of the first ship-load of negroes from Charleston, S. C., to Liberia marks a curious and interesting episode in the history of the black race in this country, and as the trip of the Azor is only the prelude of many more to follow the 250 persons who constituted her passengers representing 1,000,000 more who will follow them if they can get the passage money, it is worthy of some consideration. This emigration fever is not of sudden origin, nor is it confined to South Carolina. The desire to go back to Africa is as strong in some of the districts along the coast as ever was the feeling of the Irish people to come over here, and in every part of the South the colored people, especially the poor and unemployed, are casting longing eyes to the land of promise. If they had the means, hundreds of thousands would leave as fast as vessels could be obtained to carry them. At one time Frederick Douglass, their principal advocate, was in favor of acquiring Hayti to the extent of establishing a protectorate over the island and colonizing it with the surplus blacks of the South, who would enjoy in their new home the protection of our laws and industrial and domestic advantages which they have thus far failed to acquire in this country. As there is no prospect, however, that such a protectorate will be established, they have turned their faces toward Liberia, which is a quasi-Ameri-can colony, largely under the control and influence of American colonization societies. —Chicago Tribune

Where the Copper Comes From.

The census of 1870 enumerated forty copper-mining establishments in the United States, employing a capital of $5,789,375, and yielding an annual product valued at $5,201,312. At that time there were twenty-seven mines in Michigan and thirteen others distributed in Arizona, Maryland, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and Vermont. The Lake Superior copper occurs in the metallic slate, known as native copper; while in others it is in a mineralized form of ore, like other metals. Four-fifths of the product in this country comes from Lake Superior,