Democratic Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 11, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 26 April 1878 — Page 1

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NEWS SUMMARY

FOREIGN NEWS. The insurrection in Thessaly is almost overwhelmed by the large forces the Turks sent from Thraoe and Bulgaria. In Epirus it completely hangs fire, and can only be revived by considerable efforts of the Greek sympathizers. There is much excitement in Roumania over the encroachments of Russia. There have been serious Nihilist riots in the afreets of Moscow, Russia. A dispatch from Athens says: “It is now 'Certain that the Thessalian insurrection is a complete failure. The Greeks have loat all heart for further effort. They rely now wholly on England.” Advices from Moscow, Russia, state that 3,000 students and workmen were involved in the disturbances of the 15th inst. Twelve were killed and twenty-flve wounded. One hundred of them were arrested. A special from Bistova says typhus is raging there, and the Niccpolis hospitals are crowded. People are dying in the streets. The Caucasian Army Corps is to be disbanded. A terrible gale on the northern coast of Spain has brought appalling devastation to the fishery trade, sinking scores of "small vessels and drowning upwards of 150 fishermen.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. Xia st. 8. Angier Chace, the defaulting Treasurer of the Union Milla, Fall River, Mass., has been ■committed to prison, in default of $200,000 mail. There were eleven business failures in New 'York on Monday, April 15, the total liabilities Ibeing over SBOO,OOO. The Plymouth Church scandal has again been revived, as the appended letters show: Mr. Ira B. W heeler : My Df.ab Sib : A few weeks since, after long months of mental anguish, I told, as you know, a few friends whom I had bitterly deceived that the charge brought by my husband of adultery between myself and Bev. Henry Ward Beecher was true, and that the He I had lived so well the last four yean had become intolerable to me. That statement I now solemnly reaffirm, and leave the truth with God, to whom also I commit myself, my children, and all who must suffer. I know full well the explanation that will be sought y many for this acknowledgment—a desire to retninto my husband, insanity, malice—everything save the true and only one, my quickened conscience and a sense of what is due to the cause of truth and justice. During all the complications of these years you have been my confidential friend, and, therefore, I address this letter to you, authorzing and requesting you to secure its publication. Elizabeth R. Tilton. Bbooklyn, April 13,1878. The foregoing elicits the following explicit denial from the Plymouth pastor : Wavebly, N. ¥., April 15, 1878. To the Editor of the New York Tribune : I confront Mrs. Tilton's confession with an explicit and absolute denial. The testimony to her own innocence and to mine, which for four years she had made to hundreds in private and in public, before the court, in writing, and orally, I declare to be true, and the allegations now made in contradiction of her uniform, solemn, and unvarying statements hitherto made, I utterly deny. I declare her to be innocent of the groat transgression. Hknby Wabd Bekciieb. A New York telegram says the confession of Mrs. Tilton, and the new phase it puts upon the Beecher-Tilton affair, “ have formed the ttole topic of conversation in all circles. The eensation created by it is greater than any since the Brooklyn horror. People are divided as before in o{4nion, but the confession and the tone of the press have had weight to turn undecided ones against Beecher.” Two hundred horses per week are being purchased in the neighborhood of Troy, N. Y., and in the western portion of Vermont, by agents of the English Government. South. Two negroes, named Ben Evans and Eph Hall, and a white man named Mike White, were taken from the jail of Huntsville, Ala., by a mob, a few nights ago, and hung to the limb of a tree. Their crime was the assassination of a respected citizen, the negroes confessing to having committed the deed at the instigation of White. Some time ago a negro woman wa* bung by a UU suspicion that she instigated the burning of a barn. It now turns out that she had nothing whatever to do with the crime. The Brown House, one of the leading hotels of Macon, Ga., has been destroyed by fire. Loss, SIOO,OOO. The bark Azor has sailed from Charleston, S. C., with the first ship-load of emigrants sent to Liberia by the Liberian Exodus Association. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has received the following telegram from Collector Wade, at Savannah, Ga.: “My deputies have broken up ten illicit distilleries in Elbert and Wilkes counties, and destroyed 1,900 gallons of beer and mash ready for distillation, and 165 gallons of low wine.” A telegram from San Antonio, Texas, says : '* Reports reach here that the Indian raiders who crossed from Mexico one week ago have reached the Fort Ewell sheep settlement, and are sweeping flocks before them ; and several persons are already reported killed. Troops and citizens are in pursuit, but not likely to overtake them.” West. Reports from crops in various portions of Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, lowa, Minnesota. Kansas and Nebraska indicate a greater amount of land sown with winter and spring wheat than ever before, and a flattering prospect for a heavy crop. The farmers are now busily preparing to put in also an immense plant of corn. A dispatch from Bismarck states that Frank M. B. Atty, of Fort Peck, a scout, was accidentally shot through the heart by James Leeds. Both parties were well-known frontiersmen. At Coal Creek, a mining town in Fountain county, Ind., a militia company composed of miners, who had been d rilling during the day, adjourned to a saloon in the afternoon, where some of them engaged in an altercation with a negro. A fight ensued and the negro was killed. The whites then moved through the streets shooting negroes on sight, killing two more and mortally wounding another. Reports from all parts of the West show that the plant of wheat for this year is largely ahead of last year’s acreage. A horrible tragedy was enacted in Geauga county, Ohio, a few days ago. An old man named Stroud murdered his wife by stabbing her repeatedly with a butcher knife, and then ended his own worthless existence by cutting his throat. The great play of the “Exiles” is proving an unusually attractive card at McVicker’s Theater, Chicago. The excellent acting, the interesting plot of the drama, the fine scenic effects, and the sleds drawn by real live reindeer and Siberian dogs go to make up a tout ensemble rarely surpassed upon the modern stage. POLITICAL POINTS. At a meeting of the Cabinet in Washington, the other day, and before the Ministers had formally proceeded to the business of the day,

The Democratic sentinel

JAS W. McEWEN, Editor.

VOLUME 11.

the President submitted a platform which he said he believed would reunite the Republicans and again secure them the control of Congress. Following is the platform in brief: 1. Besumptibn of specie payments in gold and silver. 2. Resistance to all schemes for inflating paper currency. 3. A fair and moderate tariff that will afford reasonable protection to American industries. 4. An amendment to the constitution prohibiting the use of money raised by public taxation for the support of sectarian schools. 5. Speedy completion of all public works, such as river and harbor improvements, public buildings, fortifications, etc., now that labor and material are cheap and workingmen need employment, and a liberal policy for the improvement of the great national channels of commerce, like the Mississippi river and its tributaries. Members of the Cabinet coincided with the President, and, after some informal discussion a sixth paragraph was added, declaring against the payment of claims to disloyal citizens for damages and losses growing out of the Rebellion, and the payment of pensions to persons who were disloyal during the war. With this addition, the platform was pronounced to be a fair presentation of the views of the administration. The Republicans of Oregon have nominated C. C. Beekman for Governor, and H. K. Hines for Congress. Washington correspondents report that there is a scheme which is to be urged through the House Judiciary Committee to reopen the investigation of the Louisiana Returning Board. “It is proposed that the members of the board be summoned and compelled to answer these questions : Were you advised by any one whom you believed to represent the Government at Washington or the party now in power that it was necessary for you, in the interest of the national welfare, and in disregard, if need be, of laws of the State, under which you acted, to count out the Tilden electors and count in the Hayes electors? Did you thus count out and count in, and in violation of what you believed to be the provisions of the law under which you hold office.”

WASHINGTON NOTES. James G. Knight, of Wisconsin, a crippled Union soldier, has been selected by Doorkeeper Field as his first assistant. Army promotions: Maj. James W. Forsyth, Tenth Cavalry, to be Lieutenant Colonel of the First Cavalry ; Lieut. Col. W. L. Elliott, First Cavalry, to be Colonel of the Third Cavalry. The President has appointed Llewellyn Davis, of Missouri, to be Receiver of Public Moneys at Ironton, Mo., and Gustav Schneitzer, of lowa, to be United States Marshal of the Territory of Wyoming. A Washington dispatch says the Ways and Means Committee are considering the details of the income tax. The indications are said to be that the committee will favor having a fixed tax on all incomes over $2,000. The House Ways and Means Committee have completed the Internal Revenue bill. It exempts from the income tax funds belonging to States on deposit in banks. Funds of savings banks invested in United States bonds are also exempted, except when deposited in the name of a single person. It levies a tax of 16 cents per pound on tobacco ; $5 per 1,000 on cigars ; $1.25 per 1,000 on cigarettes not weighing more than 3% pounds, and an income tax of 2 per centum on all sums over $2,000. The House Committee on Agriculture have agreed to report with favorable recommendation the bill introduced into the House providing for the better protection of cattle in transportation. The bill requires that cattle shall be fed at least once every twenty four hours. miscellaneous gleanings. Intelligence comes from Havana that, the time for the surrender of the insurgents having expired, active operationswill commence in the Eastern Department against Maco and a few more chiefs who are still under arms. Ex-Gov. Moses, of South Carolina, has been arrested in New York as a fugitive from justice, and taken back to South Carolina to answer an indictment for forgery. Two murderers were hung in the United States on Friday, April 19—Robert McEvoy, at n.itwu, u. v., «'uu oaiu utcoiiuurg, airuuua, N. Y. FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Monday, April 15.—Senate.—Mr. Sargent submitted an amendment to the House joint resolution to restore Gen. Shields (of Missouri) to the army, and to place him on the retired list. The amendment proposes to place on the retired list Gens. Grant, Dix, McClellan, Banks, Butler, Burnside, Rosecrans, Sigel, Logan, Hurlbut, McClernand, Oglesby, Williams (of Michigan), and others. Mr. Sargent said all these were equally as meritorious as Gen. Shields, and he did not see why they should not be placed on the retired list. Several Senators gave notice that they should move to add names to the above list when the bill shall come before the Senate for action.... The Senate, by a vote of 36 to 6, passed the bill repealing the Bankrupt act. The six negative votes were : Allison, Anthony, Saunders, Conover, Burnside and McMillan. .... The bill authorizing the issue of passports free to colored citizens going to Brazil was passed.... Mr. Hereford introduced a bill to repeal that part of the Specie-Resumption act of Jan. 14,1875, which authorizes the secretary of the Treasury to dispose of United States bonds and redeem and cancel currency.... Mr. Jones introduced a bill authorizing railroad companies to construct and maintain telegraph lines for commercial purposes, and to secure to the Government the use of the sam? for military, postal and other purposes.... The bill authorizing the construction of a narrow-gauge railroad from Bismarck to the Black Hills was passed. House.—Mr. Swan presented the resolutions of the Maryland Legislature, known as the “ Blair resolutions.” reopening the Presidential question. Mr. Garfield objected to their reception or their reference to any committee. The Speaker ruled that the resolutions were in the nature of a petition from a State, and were in order. The discussion was cut off at 2 o’clock by the Speaker, who said that the remainder of the day must be devoted to consideration of bills relating to the District oi Columbia.... Bills were introduced and referred : By Mr. Willis, of New York, a biU reciting the near approach of specie payments, and directing the President to make pnbUc and solemn proclamation that it is the firm determination of Congress to enact no further laws affecting the currency or finance until specie payments shall have been actually resumed; by Mr. Kimmell, to provide a mode for trying and determining by the Supreme Court of the United States the title of the President and Vice President of the United States to their respective offices when their election to such offices is denied by one or more States of the Union. Tuesday, April 16.—Senate.—The resolution of Mr. Howe, calling for certain information in regard to Judge Whittaker, of New Orleans, was adopted.... Mr. Davis, of W’est Virginia, offered a resolution, which was adopted, calling upon the Secretary of the Treasury for information relative to the balances due from the Collectors of Internal Revenue not in office, as to what amount has been settled by compromise, etc.... Mr. Garland, from the Committee on Public Lands, reported a substitute for the Senate bill supplementary to the act In relation to the Hot Springs reservation in Arkansas.... Mr. Grover, from the Committee on Public Lands, reported back the bill to extend the time for the completion of the Northern Pacific railroad, and on his motion it was referred to the Committee on Railroads. ... Mr. McDonald introduced a bill to authorize the States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois to bring and prosecute suits against the United States to recover money due on account of the proceeds of saies of public lands.... The bill to incorporate the National Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company, and Mr. Plumb’s bill for the relief of settlers on certain pubHc lands, were passed.... Mr. Howe made a personal explanation regarding newspaper comments upon his recent speech in the Senate. Mr. Howe disclaimed any malice toward the administration, and denied that he had ever appealed to the President for aid in promoting his personal aspirations. ' House. The Senate bill authorizing the issue of passports free to colored citizens going to Brazil was passed.... Mr. Keif er introduced ajotntresoiution proposing an amendment to the constitution prohibiting Congress from appropriating money for the payment of any claim against the United States not created or authorized by law. international treaty or award. Referred.... The bill to establish a permanent government for the District of Columbia was defeated—yeas, 94;

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, APRIL 26,1878.

nays, 124. A motion to reconsider was adopted, and the bill was recommitted to the District Committee .... The Poetoffice Appropriation bill was discussed. ...The following bills were introduced and refer.ed: By Mr. Harrison, to construct a ship canal for the passage of naval vessels from the Mieslseippi river to Dake Michigan; by Mr. Chalmers, for the education of colored teachers in Mississippi; by Mr. Cummings, to prevent the reduction of the tolnme of United Ststes notes; by Mr. Banning, authorizing the President to appoint a commission to arrange a treaty with the King of Corea. Wednesday, April 17. —Berate. —A resolution was unanimously adopted ending the session on the 10th of June.... After a brief discussion, by a vote of yeas 38, nays 17, Mr. Burnside's bill to remove all the restrictions now existing in regard to the enlistment of colored citizens in any arm of the United States army was indefinitely postponed.... Mr. Plumb, from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported favorably on the Senate bill to make an additional article of war prohibiting gambling in the army.... The Finance Committee reported a substitute for the House bill to repeal the Resumption act. The bill, which was ordered printed snd placed on the calendar, i« entitled “An act to amend an act to provide for the resumption of specie payments, and for other purposes; ” and reads as follows: “ That from and after the passage of this act United States notes shall be receivable in payment for the United States bonds now authorized by law to be issued, and, on and after Oct, 1, 1878, said notes shall be receivable for duties on imports; and said notes, in volume in existence Oct. 1, 1878, shall not be canceled or permanently hoarded, but shall be reistued, and they may be used for funding and ail other lawful purposes whatsoever, to an amount not exceeding in the whole the amount then in circulation and in the treasury; and the said notes, whether then in the treasury or thereafter received under any act of Congress, and from whatever source, shall be again paid out; and, when again ’returned to the treasury, they shall not be canceled or destroyed, but shall be issued from time to time with like qualities; and all that part of the act of Jan. 14, 1875, entitled, * An act to provide for the resumption of specie payments, - authcrizing the retirement of 80 per cent, of the United States notes, shall cease and become inoperative on and after said Oct. 1, 1878.” House.—Mr. Bell, from the Committee on Banking and Currency, reported a bill repealing the act authorizing the coinage of 20-cent silver pieces. Passed.... Mr. PhilHps, from the same committee, reported a bill providing for the deposit of savings in the popular loan, ana for funding the national debt In home bonds. Referred to the committee of the wh01e.... The Prorate Pacific biil, the bill establishing the Pacific Railroads Commission, the bill amending the Pacific Railroad acts (identical with Mr. Thurman’s bill), the. bill authorizing the deposit of silver bullion and the issue of certificates therefor, and the bill extending the time for the completion of the Northern Pacific railroad, were also reported and referred to the committee of the wh01e.... After considerable discussion, the House, by a vote of 101 to 129, to-day refused to refer to the Committee »f Ways and Means the concurrent resolution of the Senate fixing the 10th of June as the time for the adjournment of Congress without day, the anti-tariff Democrats voting with the Republicans against the motion to refer. Thursday, April 18.—Senate. —The House bill to prevent the Introduction of contagious or infectious diseases into the United States, and the Senate bill authorizing citizens of Colorado, Nevada and Territories to fell and remove timber on the public domain for mining and domestic purposes were passed.... The Senate bill in relation to the Pacific railroads, being the Funding bill reported from the Railroad Committee, which still remained on the calendar, was indefinitely postponed.... The executive session of the Senate was mainly occupied with a discussion in regard to the nomination of John McNeil, of Missouri, to be Indian Inspector. The principal ground of opposition to him was his having caused the execution of ten guerrillas while serving as an officer in the Union army during the war of the Rebellion. The Democratic Senators generally voted against his confirmation, but it was finally effected by a vote of 31 to 26. House. —There was a wrangle over an appropriation proposed by the Senate for increased railway mail service, and io prevent illicit distilling. The House was unable to agree with the Senate, and a new conference was appointed. Friday, April 19. —Senate.—Not in session. House.—The House, by a vote of 129 yeas to 113 nays, postponed consideration of the Senate adjournment resolution until the 15th of May.... The bill appropriating $200,C00 to provide for deficiencies in the Public Pilnting Office, and asbill for the free entry of articles imported for exhibition by societies established for the encouragement of art and science, were passed.... The Senate bill granting a pension of SSO a month to Gen. Shields in lien of the pension now received by him was passed, with an amendment increasing the pension to SIOO. ..The entire afternoon was occupied by the Republicans in filibustering to defeat the bill for the relief of the WlUiam and Mary College, and the filibustering attempts were successful. Saturday, April 20.—Senate.—Not in session. House.—Mr. Tucker, from the Committee on Ways and Means, reported a bill relating to the tax on tobacco, incomes, etc. Referred to the committee of the wh01e.... The remainder of the day was spent upon the Postoffice Appropriation bill without passing it.

Recent Postoffice Rulings.

Skates, reptiles, confectionery and soap are unmailable. Mail-carriers cannot carry unsealed communications outside the mails. The Postofflce Department, wishing to avoid any complication with the rivalries existing between publishers, de'’ijnes to furnish information showing the amount of postage paid by any publications in any 7 «,«- The law providing for the forwarding of letters at the request of the party addressed, without additional charge for postage, does not apply to printed or third-class matter. The addition of the date on a printed circular by a hand-stamp, subjects the same to letter rates of postage. Advertising sheets, folded within the issue of any publication, sent to regular subscribers, subjects the same to the rates for third-class matter. Hand-bills sent from the printer to the party ordering the same must be charged as merchandise, and postage paid at the rate of 1 cent for each ounce or traction thereof. A publication, in order to avail itself of the pound rates, must be mailed at the postoffice nearest the claimed office or place of p iblication. It may also "be mailed at ou ir offices at the pound rates, to regular subscribers, by newsagents. A husband cannot control the wife’s correspondence, nor can the wife control the correspondence of the husband. Postmasters are exempt from militia duty. Private, individuals cannot send any communications in the mails free of postage, no matter to whom it may be addressed. The words “please forward” on the address side of a postal card subjects the same to letter rates of postage. A Postmaster may attend to business for private parties, if it does not interfere with his duties as Postmaster, if he chooses to do so. The erasure of an address on a postal card and the substituting of another does not make such card unmailable.— Western Postal Review.

Ku-Kluxing in California.

Samuel Msore was disliked by his neighbors in San Buenaventura, Cal. He was quarrelsome, avaricious, and dishonest. In a secret meeting nine of the neighbors voted that he ought to be killed, and immediately set about carrying out their idea. They covered their heads with pillow cases, cutting holes to see through, and the rest of their bodies with burlap sacks. Thus disguised, they went to Moore’s house in the night, and shot him to death. One of the assassins has confessed, and all are under arrest.

Agriculture in Japan.

Japan cultivates 9,000,000 acres, onetenth of her entire area, though about one-fourth of her fertile area. She supports a population of three and a half persons to every cultivated acre. Most of her people live on fish and vegetables; her great lack is live stock. Milk is not used as an article of food, and what few cows there are are employed for plowing.

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

OUR COMMUNE.

The Sochslietie Labor Party in the United States—The Revolution It Proposes to Accomplish. [From the New York World ] It will certainly be a surprise to the average New York taxpayer to learn that there are in this city several thousand German and Bohemian socialists, organized into one large and, at least, threatening organization, whose avowed purpose is the entire overthrow of our present social system. This is the socalled socialistic labor party (Socialistiche Ar better-Par tei), which claims a membership of 17,000 in the United States, and between 3,000 and 4,000 in New York. It was started about five years ago by a few Germans, most of whom had fled from Europe to escape the penalty of their revolutionary views. It thrived on the distress of the working classes and spread over the country until now it has branches or sections in every important city of the Union, and more especially in the manufacturing centers. The party is governed by an Executive Committee, with headquarters at Cincinnati, and has its agents at various stated points. For the propagation of its views it publishes twenty-four newspapers in the German, Bohemian, French, and English languages, holds “ agitation meetings” every week, and has one general agent, who travels constantly from city to city for the purpose of “agitation.” What the socialistic labor party mean, what they are working for, and what they are teaching to foreign and American workingmen, however, has been very plainly told by Mr. Alexander Jonas, the -editor of their two chief organs. Mr. Jonas was found by the writer in the editorial rooms of the Volks-Zeitung, at No. 17 Beekman street, in a communicative mood. He said: “Our party is making rapid progress all over the country; it is moving quietlv—revolutions that mean anything usually do—but it is moving surely. In the five years that it has been in existence it has gained 17,000 members, find this number does not represent one-quarter of the men who are in sympathy with us, though not regularly in the organization. We have • at least 90,000 supporters in this country. We have our branches all over the land, even as far as San Francisco, and they are constantly spreading. True, we are in a large minority, but remember the abolitionists began with 7,000 votes, and finally triumphed. In Germany we began with 2,000 votes, and at the last election for the Reichstag we cast 700,000 votes; no wonder the Government is afraid. We elected two out of the six deputies from Berlin; if we could do that in Germany, what a field we have here, and especially in New York 1” “And what is the object of your party ?” asked the writer. “ Our object, sir,” was the reply, “ is the entire overthrow of the present social system.” “What is the matter with the social system ?” “What is the matter?” echoed Mr. Jonas; “ the matter is that, while the wealth of the country is becoming concentrated every day more and more into the hands of the few, the workingmen are starving under the twin curses of the oppression by capital and the burden of oppressive taxes. Since the invention and development of new machinery the relation of the employer and employed has changed altogether. Capital has become supreme, the laborer has become abject and remains always a laborer; every new piece of machinery throws more men out of employment to starve; and the invention of machinery has become a curse to mankind. ” “ What remedy do you propose ? ” “We propose that all personal property in land and other means of production shall be abolished and ceded to the state, to be worked on the co-operative plan, so that every laborer shall be a part owner and be paid according to the value of his work.” “Is this what you teach to the working men ? ” “Yes, sir; and to reach it we propose ■first a wnrlrincr day of eiirht hours to begin with, this to be lessened as occasion may require—that is, as machinery increases, and the demand for workingmen becomes less, so that all may have a chance to do some work. We will not allow men to work beyond the fixed number of hours a day, and, as to prices, they are to be regulated between the employer and employed until the time when the employe becomes a partner on the co-operative plan. We propose also that children under 14 shall not be permitted to work; that compulsory education in fact shall be established, and that, instead of having one school for the rich and one for the poor, all colleges and universities shall be free.” “What else?” “We propose to abolish all savings banks and all direct taxation, instituting a scaled income tax, so that, if the man who has an income of SSOO pays SSO tax, the man who has $5,000 shall pay SSOO tax, and the man who has $50,000 shall pay $5,000 tax, and so on.” “Whatis the attitude of your party toward the church ? ” “We are mostly infidels; we do not concern ourselves with the church, only that we should be very quick to take the opportunity to vote for the taxation of church property.” “How do the American workingmen take to your teachings ? ” “ I am sorry to say that the Englishspeaking laborers are not as determined as the Germans and French. But we are making headway with them. Starvation and want will do more for them than argument, as witness the railroad strikes last year. ”

Long-Range Practice.

The great devastation wrought in the Russian ranks, during many of the actions of the late war, by the long-range fire of the Turkish infantry, has caused the authorities of continental armies to turn their attention to the consideration of the expediency of exercising their troops in distant firing. In Austria a series of experiments have been recently carried on, the results of which prove that long-range musketry fire may inflict immense loss upon the enemy. Wooden targets were set up, representing three guns in action with men serving the pieces. Fifteen hundred yards distant from these dummies a company of infantry, 236 men strong, was drawn up. At a given signal these opened fire, and in three and a half minutes each man had fired ten rounds. On examining the targets it was found that 9 per cent, of the bullets had taken effect. The 108 dummies which represented the guns, the officers and men, had been struck by 189 projectiles—a sufficient number to have put the three field pieces out of action. The firing party was not composed of picked marksmen, but was formed of men taken indiscriminately

from the Fourth regiment of the line. The experiments were continued on subsequent days, the Emperor being present, when equally satisfactory results were obtained, from 8 to 12 per cent, of the bullets fired striking targets at distances from 800 to 1,500 yards.

TWEED.

Stories of the Great Tammany Thief. Tweed was vain and fond of flattery, although he despised toadies and toadyism. He paid SSOO for a steel engraving and $250 for a biographical sketch, to be published in a forthcoming volume. When the proofs were sent him he objected to the caplion, “ Our SelfMade Men,” and forfeited the entire sum rather than be included in the list. He made considerable pretensions to extended reading, and could recite with considerable rhetorical effect many passages from his favorite British poets. He had in his office a Bible, a prayerbook, and a compilation of political extracts, side by side with manuals and red books. His affiliations pecuniarily with men high in social and moral grades were extended and numerous. On one occasion a party applied to Tweed for an unsecured loan of SIO,OOO. He listened patiently. Then he drew his check for $5,000, after which he wrote a note to this effect, and addressed it to one of the Police Commissioners —not Henry Smith: “Friend : wants SIO,OOO. (Who does not?) I have given him $5,000. You must get him the balance. I say given. He says loaned, but you and I know all about that ourselves. Fix him, and oblige, thine truly, “Wm. M. Tweed.” The party took the check and carried Mr. Tweed’s note to the Commissioner. The board was in session, but time was E recions, and he sent in the note with is card. Almost immediately the Commissioner came out. “ When do you want this ?” “ Before 3 o’clock to-day. ” “I can’t do it, possibly. Stay, I’ll do the best I can.” He gave his check for $2,500, and wrote a note to one of the chief officials of the city—and very decidedly not one of the ring—asking that he would draw his check, without question, for $2,500 and hand it to the bearer, who was entitled to it The astonished recipient hastened to the official named, and before 3 o’clock deposited his SIO,OOO, only $5,000 of which came from Tweed directly, but all of which was the result of Tweed’s appeal. Tweed’s subscription at the head of a paper was good for twenty others. His name for SIO,OOO meant SIOO,OOO from the others, and without question. With all his getting of money, Tweed cared little for money itself. He made enormous sacrifices at times. On one occasion he was bitten by a mania for owning an interest in newspapers. He said he had loaned or advanced to the Democrat nearly $75,000. He owned largely in the Transcript and Leader, and held either stocks or bonds of half a dozen weeklies. He professed to hold the press in derision, but was foremost in endeavoring to conciliate newspapers that opposed him or his schemes. It at one time became the custom—not yet extinct—for certain journals to claim credit for having broken the Tweed ring, and Tweed used to say that those who shouted reform the loudest had bled him most when he was in power. At one time it was freely circulated in outside circles that both the ’Squire and the Boss—Sweeny and Tweed—had Senatorial ambitions. When Mr. Sweeny was spoken to, he said he had thought it would “ be pleasant to spend a winter in Washington, but as yet he had not engaged rooms there.” Tweed, on the other hand, said, “ If I wanted to go to the Senate, I’d go; but what for? I can't talk, and I know it. As to spending my time in hearing a lot of suoozers discuss the tariff and the particulars of a contract to carry the mails from Paducah to Schoharie, I don’t tllink doing; Lliut jtxoi npir.” In speaking of his downfall he reiterated what he had said aforetime about the press: “If these picture papers would only leave me alone, I wouldn’t care for all the rest.” “But these picture papers are such caricatures that no one would ever know you by them,” said his friend. “ That makes no difference. The people get an idea that Tweed is a thief. They get used to seeing Tweed in a striped suit, and pretty soon they’ll be mad if he isn’t in one.” For the comments of journals outside of New York city he cared literally nothing. On one occasion some one sent him a copy of a peculiarly pretentious journal published in a neighboring city, in which was an article claiming the authorship of Tweed’s downfall. He looked at it, laughed, and said: “Oh, yes; I have seen this paper before. It was sent to me with a marked tirade against * Slippery Dick, the Big Judge.’ Really the man who * runs’ the paper, as he calls it, is too amusing to quarrel with.”

Another Kentucky Cave.

The Paducah Sun tells of a recently discovered cave on the farm of Mr. Henry O’Brien, of Lyon county. The cave is in‘the high bluffs that overlook the Tennessee river. Mr. O’Brien and his neighbors explored it the other day, and they were horrified to find seven skeletons tenanting the darkness. The Sun says from their surroundings, and the fact that the mouth of the room in which they were found had been almost entirely obstructed by debris, which must have been many years in accumulating, it is probable that the bones are those of some early aborigines of the Ohio and Tennessee valleys. Tno appearance of two of the skeletons would indicate that a fearful tragedy had been enacted in the gloomy recesses of this subterranean cavern, for one of them lies across the other, and the bony fingers of both hands yet clutch the throat of the supposed victim. The walls of the room in which the skeletons were discovered are as smooth as if they had been finished with a chisel. Outside of the bones, though, not a vestige of anything that would indicate that the cave had ever been occupied by human beings remains.

The Famine in India.

There are still upward of 280,000 people on Government relief in India, either employed on public works or being fed in camps and hospitals, and the prospects of any speedy decline of distress are getting more remote as the season advances. Practically the effects of famine will press on the Government resources for at least another year. With regard to the area of existing distress in Southern India, certain parts of the Mysore state are undoubtedly the worst of all.

WHICH SIDE WILL YOU TAKE?

Individualism or Nationalism. The principle of all individualism is defiance. It is the egotism of power, the selfishness of gain, the ambition to control. Scott and Vanderbilt represent it in railroads, Stewart in merchandise, Packer in coal, Rothschilds in money, Shylock in usury. It is monopoly rampant. It usurps all it can lay its hands upon. It cares not how many starve so that it grows fat. Specie is its instrument, domination is its aim, aristocracy is its result. It ignores all democracies of right; it sneers at all the evangelisms of equality. When it attains its majority and its power it is Louis XIV. declaring “ I am the state.” There is a principle in direct antagonism to this. It is association. Its aim is the universal good; its civilization is charity; its religion, “Do unto others as you would that others should do unto you;” its law, “ Love thy neighbor as thy self;” its philosophy is education, its humanity is justice. Francis de Sales was its apostle, Franklin was its representative, Washington its conqueror, Jefferson its philosopher, Hamilton its economist, Chase its financier. Paper money is its instrument, equality is its aim, a free and prosperous people result from its principles. It hails every democracy of right, it welcomes every means of equaling rewards—labor’s prosperities. When it becomes strong it will not alone declare that all men are born free and equal, but it will battle to maintain a perfect equality of rights—not of intellects, but "of security from oppression; not of abilities to accumulate, but of protection from all usurpations. Specie has long been the right arm of power to individualism. Paper money must become the right hand of power to annihilate the idea that any man can arrogate to himself the power to declare, and be able to maintain his arrogance in declaring, either that “I am the state, “the tyrant of railroad power,” “the ruler of merchandise,” “ the monopolizer of coal,” the “ dictator of money,” or the “enslaver of labor.” Specie is king-craft, paper money is democracy; specie is oppression, paper money is liberty; specie is the feudality of the past— slavery ; paper money is equality, holding the reins of progress for its strides in the future—freedom. Specie requires submission. Ignorance gave it power; barbarity made it king ; oppression made it master. Long ages of tyrants have made it the autocrat of privileges and the enslaver of mea. Paper money demands unity, confidence, education, and equality. It is the enemy of kings. It is the hero to battle down oppression. It carries the torch of light, and the fetters of the oppressed melt away and are broken as it approaches. Let us understand what the term paper money signifies. We may reach its affirmative meaning by showing what it is not. It is not individual bankers’ paper, nor corporate bank paper, nor State bank paper; for neither of these are money; they are but representatives of money. It is paper issued by a sovereign power capable of declaring what shall constitute money, and by that power made a legal tender for all debts, dues and obligations, public and private. It is issued under the seal, guarantee and sovereignty of a Government acknowledging no superior but God, and no responsibility but to the people who constitute it. Money thus created and heralded as the sovereign measure of values, circulated under the standard flag of the free, by the plaudits of a great and an independent people, is the paper money I recognize. The greenback is its type. The United States issues it. Specie requires submission, because the individual few who are rich control it. Everything which gives monopolized power to the few creates power. All power is selfish, tyrannical, and often brutal. It always oppresses those who mo too weak or too timid to resist it Specie never has, and never can be, mined in quantities to meet the demands of a free or an enterprising people. Always sought after by the powerful, as a means of controlling men, power has always controlled it The very fact of its scarcity has made it the autocrat of privileges. All autocracy creates slavery; all slavery is ignorance. Ignorance is menial. The menial is the subordinate tool of the master; masters are individuals, and any system which creates masters creates individualism. Paper money is the instrument of the free, and the free can create just as much of it as educated freedom demands —just as much of it as equalized rights require to equalize capital and labor, progress and justice. The sneering individualist says you can create it so easy that you will destroy it. The individualist is a selfish scoffer at all liberty. The Tory of England said that the excesses of liberty would destroy liberty. The Government and the progress of the United States is his answer. To admit that the people of the United States cannot regulate and control their own issues of money with safety, is to declare that the people are not capable of self-government. This was the language of individualism with the Tories and aristocracy of George llL’s time. It was a libel on the human race. It was a slander on freedom in government Individualism propagated it Aristocracy applauded the lie. Ignorance submitted to it Education took the slanderer by the throat; the struggle became a contest ; the contest ripened into a revolution ; Bunker Hill, Trenton, Monmouth, Saratoga, Yorktown were its battles, its victories, its triumph. A century has created a nation. The strength, the intelligence, the power and the wealth of that nation is America’s answer to the libel, the slander, the lie. Specie was the right arm of England, as she said to the colonies, “ Submit to taxation without representation or we will burn your towns, annihilate your commerce; Indians shall murder your citizens and scalp the unprotected, and Hessians, hired to kill liberty, shall revel in the blood of your people.” Specie in 1812 was master of the ocean. Arrogant and insolent, it impressed our seamen, insulted our flag, and played the tyrant, until, using our treasury certificates, we showed the British Lion that he must attend to his own ships, mind his own business, and cease all interference with the American flag. Our national character was sustained by our national credit Specie, in 1816, 1825,1833,1837,1842, 1857, 1861 and 1873, through the selfish tyranny of capital, made its wicked tattles to kill our credit ruin our manufacturers, starve labor and bankrupt business, simply to satisfy the greed of individual sharks who controlled the

$1.50 dot Annum

NUMBER 11.

finances of the country. Our slavery to this individualism of specie capital costs the people more than our present national debt in losses, bankruptcies, failures and stoppages. It added co lossal fortunes to individualism, repre Rented by the holders of dead capital. It wrenched, and robbed, and desecrated the life-long energies and earnings of 10,000 people where it benefited a single usurer, and added pomposity to a single capitalist. Millions were trampled into the dust to give superiority to a few hundred hoarders of accumulated fortunes. In 1861, when our nationality was the stake, when liberty was assailed, when slavery held aloft its flag of battle and defied freemen to the duel between a government of freemen or a government of slavery and servitude, England and gold were the right-hand supporters of rebellion. Then came the test; all monarchical aristocracies sang hosannas to the South; all tyrants prayed for the success of slavery; all landlordism in the British isles covertly, meanly and sneakingly sent their aid to kill liberty in our Government. The same dastardly cowards who paid Indians for scalping women and children, and who hired the butcher Hessians to make battle on the free, were against us. The murderers of Ireland were against us; the despots who rule India were against us; English gold was against us. We had to battle all these elements into utter defeat, or our life as a nation of freemen was-end-ed. We had to battle without gold, and against gold, or be slaves. Lt fact, from July, 1862, to July, 1865, and January, 1878,g01d and silver were never seen; they were not used as currency or treated as money; they were our bitterest enemies; they fought against us, and yet we conquered. The people’s money (the young giant, the greenback) fed our soldiers, clothed them, shod them, paid them. It furnished us with arms, ammunition, transit powers, and, in fact, with every element an army of Americans required to sustain American arms, American independence, and American money. Paper money killed coin money. Coin represented the slavery of individualism; paper money represented associated freemen —the people. Coin is the instrument of individualism the world over. England makes it her Achillian shield, but America makes paper money her club of Hercules. England recedes. America progresses. The Lion growls, the Eagle soars aloft. England is a land of “monstrous riches,” and “more monstrous poverty.” Her lords are the pillars of the throne, the masters of her lands and her people. England represents individualism—aristocracy. America is a land devoted to freedom, progress. Equality, association of all for each, and each for all, is her principle. She is no longer afraid of England; in her heart she despises her—her arrogance, her grasping tyranny, her oppression of the poor, her robberies in Ireland, her plundering vandalism in India, her sneaking meanness, her hypocrisy—and let her understand that America will not submit to any interference with her financial independence. She must keep her hands off, or by the Eternal we will thrash her, break Ireland’s yoke, and send India legions to crush out the black-hearted infamy of English rule I Specie is England’s god. Her god is her tyrant. Individualism worships it, freemen curse it. Nationalism, as distinguished from individualism, is the nation as a unit, acting to educate, enlighten, equalize, and Christianize the people in every element of liberty and in every idea of progress. Individualism is the favored few, always seeking to take adventage of money, power, privileges, and monopolies by which the favored shall grow rich at the expense of the subdued, at the expense of labor, at the expense of justice, decency, and humanity. Paper money belongs to nationality and. to the sovereignty of the people. It is comprehensive as the people, as expansive as population, as bountiful as our production, as flexible as our wants, as true as the planets. It is liberty blessing enterprise. It is labor winning its reward. It is industry gathering its harvest. The greenback is its child. Specie is selfishness; selfishness is individualism. It is limited to the few; it contracts itself to the greed of the usurer; it is niggardly, never supplying the necessities of production. It cramps us most when we need it most. It is false, always flying in the hour of necessity. It is Shy lock cursing the liberal. It is the taskmaster to labor, starving it. It is sacrificing industry to greed; gold is its instrument, agent, king. Choose between liberty and slavery. Would you be protected by the nation, be national. Would you cringe to despots, accept individualism for your support. Would you prosper, cling to the greenback; it has all the strength and all the fidelity of the nation to sustain you. Would you be a slave, bend your knee and give your vote for hard-money individualism. Would you be free from the taxes now imposed upon you to pay the bounties to national banks, and to exempt a bondholding aristocracy from taxes, you must be national; you must swear by all that is sacred in religion, home, country, and liberty to sustain the national paper money of the nation. Would you be a slave to usury, to taxes, to national banks, to the Rothschilds, and Belmonts, and Jay Goulds, and to bondholders exempt from taxes—in one word, to an aristocracy of Shylocks—in of the usurer’s god and the people’s misery and degradation, swear that you will sustain gold as the basis of banking, and as the sole legal tender of the nation. Nationalism is full of blessings. Individualism is full of curses. A free man may make his choice. The hour has come to say which side you will take —with the people, for the nation, or with the usurers for themselves.

STEPHEN D. DILLAYE.

Sword-Swallowing in Earnest.

With a view to allaying skepticism, M. Benedetti, the sword-swallower, gave a private seance on Saturday last to some members of the medical profession in his room at the Westminster Aquarium. Since 13 years of age, it seems, this gentleman has been fighting nature with the sword until he has pushed the stomach down into the groin, thus elongating the esophagus to an unnatural extent. As a rule he prefers taking food before the exhibition begins, as it makes the internal sheath more agreeable to the reception of cold steel, and protects the coats of the stomach from being pierced with the sword’s point. A physician who was present told me he distinctly felt the sword recede as it was withdrawn from the stomach lying quite in the groin. The M. D.s present found his throat a good deal inflamed, and gaye him a gargle, —London World.

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THE SEARCH FOR CHARLIE ROSS.

Nearly Five Hundred Boys Mistaken to: the Missing One. Mr. Christian K. Ross has been lecturing in New England, where he hat given a plaintive recital of the abduction of his son to large and deeply interested audiences. Mr. Ross in his lectures goes over the whole story of the abduction, and adds many interesting anecdotes of his search for the missing boy. He has a record of no less than 497 boys, who at one time or another have been supposed to have been his son, and the work of proving the mistake in the different cases has involved a great deal of correspondence, which Las reached to forty-seven States, Territories and counties. Of the 497 boys but three were found to have been kidnapped, the rest being poor little waifs who had no friends in the world. Speaking of his treatment by strangers while prosecuting his search for his lost son, Mr. Ross says that iu nearly all cases it has been of the kindest, the officials and private individuals in the different cities and towns doing all in their power to aid them. To illustrate the widespread interest in the case, Mr. Ross relates an anecdote of a negro woman, who, wishing to call her children into the house, cried out: “You, Julius Caesar, come yer dis minute, or you’ll git carried off like Charlie Ross. ” Nevertheless he has found some people in the New Jersey woods, within two hours’ ride of this city, who have never heard of the event. One of the most singular facts of his search has been the number of prison convicts who professed to know something about the abduction, but who insisted upon being set at liberty as a condition of giving information, or assisting in working up the case. Another singular fact was the number of lost children who were called Charlie Ross. Of these there were no less than ten,.though, in all but two cases, the name was given the child by persons who had found him. Several instances, in which supposed Charlie Rosses have been adopted by persons finding them, are briefly touched upon by Mr. Ross, who comments feelingly on the fact that, through his terrible loss, so many little ones, who might otherwise have become felons, have found good Christian homes. He says he has been criticised by some persons because hedoesnotexhibit.more emotion when investigating evidence promising the restoration of his son. People say to him, “Why, you do not seem to be as much interested in it as we do;” to which he answers, “ This is your first case of this kind, but I have them almost every day, and if I gave way to my feelings every time I should very soon be unable to do anything more. I restrain my emotions, because it is easier to bear the repeated disappointments.” He says he has been asked how he knew his boy was alive at the time Mosher and his comrade were killed. His knowledge came from the statement of a prison convict, a brother-in-law of Mosher, that hq talked with the abductors just before the time of their death, and that their conversation was of getting Charlie Ross to England and making a fresh effort to get money for him. Mr. Ross relates, also, how he found, in Newark, N. J., a horse which his little eon Walter identified as the one driven by the abductors when they took Charlie, the identification being made from a peculiar habit of the horse, which the little fellow called laughing. The clew, however, amounted to nothing. Mr. Ross compares his quest to a search in a deep, dark abyss, by the light of a taper. Now and then he could hear a little voice in the darkness crying, “This way, papa; here I am.” He would light his taper and go in the direction of the sound to find that it was only the voice of his hopes and the whispering of his own heart.

Chinese at School in Hartford.

It will be news to many of our readers to hear that the Chinese Government is maintaining in the city of Hartford, at annual expense of SIOO,OOO, a school where more than 100 Chinese boys are going through an educational course that is to last fifteen years. But even many who have known of the existence and objects of this institution can hardly have been made acquainted with the romantic history of its inception. This is to be found in a lecture delivered by the Rev. Jos. H. Twitchell, of Hartford, before the Kent Club of the Yale Law School. The hero of the story which Mr. Twitchell tells in such a simple, unaffected way, and yet so picturesquely, is Yung Wing, who had the good fortune to be brought to this country to get an education, and who conceived, at 17, the plan which took him twenty years to carry into effect. It is the old story of men with great ideas—long years of waiting without a chance to work, long years of working without result, sudden reverses which put him back where he began. A young man so far Americanized that he took prizes at Yale for English composition, and had to learn Chinese again on going back to China, his task was to press upon the most conservative people in the world what seemed a radical, ifnot a revolutionary, project. He succeeded at last, in a country where the death of an official’s mother can delay an enterprise for three years, and rose with the triumph of his idea. Yung Wing is now a Mandarin of high degree, and the school he has founded will iu a few years send back across the Pacific a hundred young men who, in China, will be statesmen and philosophers. Mr. Twitchell is right in calling this “ one of the most remarkable institutions of the age,” and right in calling Yung Wing “ one of the most significant characters of modern civilization.”— New York Tribune.

Time’s Changes.

Yes, Colleen, time does bring about great changes. Nine years ago a man came to this town so poor and humble that the tramps wouldn’t speak to him, and, not long ago, when they took that man over into Illinois to hang him, half the town trailed after him in procession, and paid 25 cents apiece for his photograph. And then there was the young fellow with the straight back and square shoulders, who wore corsets and clerked in a millinery store, and was engaged to twelve girls on West and seven on North Hill. Well, the other day we looked in at his house and saw him in the kitchen, holding a baby in his arms, while he pumped dismally away at an old-fashioned churn, while his wife leaned over the back fence and gossiped with the man wh© brought the baled hay. Oh, yes, it’s a changeful old world. Remember what the Bible says, and “ swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon. ” — Hawk-Eye. Electric gas is four times cheaper than coal gas, and the beauty of it is you can blow it out and not choke to death.