Democratic Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 10, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 19 April 1878 — Page 1

A. DEMQORATIC 4LUttUIUiJ *-BX JAMES W. MCEWEN. TERMS OF SUBSCBIPTIOH. One copy one year. One olx montha.U.. .....J 1.0« One copy three rnOTtiw.., .W, r»t£ r

HEWS SUMMARY

(’(’Al*. WH i Is < I n Urt VrtitinE Soo* on th» Sth Lord Beneonnfteld“rm>vdfl an address'of thanks to the. Queen for hpr Majesty’s message cailjrag jut the reserve*, «hd folldweS with a apeddn which was repeatedly cheered. Sjr ®t»fOhi of Qhe M«* . Sioaeei of Commons, and made a speech. He iwas followed by Gladstone, who urged the ac'Oeptancuof Germany’s proposal for a prelimi- : nary conference. M The f ble brmgrffofl outline oLlhlsm’s i*ply to attend. It Is argumentative arid cohdHatory, jatHer than dogmatic; points to the fact |lmt the Ban Stefano treaty id preliminary only aa proof that Russia did not exjiect to exclude Europe from a voice in the ulterior arrangements ; defends the stimulations. as tq.Bulg£rirt, which, it is said, will he not more under Buesis’s influence than Jlonipanu haa .beam, and asserts that the annexed territory in Anhenia has only been taken for (Jefepsiye purposes. The reply may.he accepted as at> invitation for a renewal of negotiations, but it does not promise Austria and England much satisfaction from the renewal. Advices from Cuba report that there are only two of the insurgent chiefs holding out. They are in the moiintainous parts of the ex treme east of the isUad, and are said to be holding out in the hope that they will secure commissions in the Spanish army as a reward or their surrender. Gen. Grant dined with the King and Queen of Italy on the 13th inst., and left Rome on the 15th. Americans about to visit Paris will be interested in the information that there will be a heavy increase IB hotel charges, and in all the costs of transient living, in the French capital during the Exposition. The annual boat race on the Thames river, between the Oxford and Cambridge crews, resulted in an easy victory for the former.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.

Two more of the Massachusetts saving banks, being unable to pay their depositors, have placed themselves under the guardianship of the new “stay law,” which secures them from the importunities of creditors fojr the present, and may enable them at some future day to resume Che business of “taking in” the thrifty poor and their deposits. Leman Klous, senior partner of the firm of Leman Klous & Co., wholesale dealers in hatters’ materials, Broome street, New York, has tailed for 1(400,000. Hiram Weeks, of St. Johnsbury, Vt., lately bank D.rector, has absconded with $43,000 of Kraut andborrowed funds. 'S. Angier Chaco, treasurer of the Union Mills, Fall River, Ma-s., is a defaulter to the amount of $480,000. The visit of the Secretary of the Treasury to New York has resulted in arrangements with the members of the late loan syndicate by which the latter engage to take $50,000,000 of the 4X per cent, bonds, tjie proceeds of which are to be devoted to preparation for the resumption of specie payments on the Ist of January next. The syndicate are to pay for the bonds lOl’s,’ in gold and accrued interest. They take $10,000,000 at once, and $5,000,000 per month for the remainder of the year. In the meantime the sale of the 4 per cents, will be continued under the existing arrangements, the proceeds being devoted to the redemption of the 5-20 bonds. William M. Tweed, the bold ruler of the New York Tammany ring, is dead. He breathed his last in Ludlow street jail, in the presence of his physician, his son-in-law, Mr. Douglass, and a few friends. His death was caused by acomplication of disorders. His last words were: “ I have tried to do some good. If I have not had good luck, I aunnot afraid to die. I believe the guardian angels Will protect me. ’ Tweed was 55 years old. West. There has been a serious strike among the (engineer ! an I firemen of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa le railroad,?which was only sup’pressod by the calling out of the Kansas militia. H. R.- Mclntire, President of the First National Bank of Lake City, and Vice President of the First National Bank of Colorado Springs, Col., has left for parts unknown with $70,000 of the banks’ funds. At Dodge City, Wyoming, the Sheriff attempted to arrest two cattle drovers. The latter resisted and a fight ensued, resulting in the death of the Sheriff and both of the other men. The twenty-four principal. Western railroads report, during March, gross earnings amounting to $6,027,690, as against $5,306,097 during March, 1877. From the Pacific coast come favorable reports of the growing wops. - ■ Wputii. A small steamer; plying on the Sandy river, in Kentucky, exploded her boilers a few nights ago, causing the death of four persons. Several pthotH ware seriously fcjured. Allen Oroft, the worst man of all the moonshiners in Kentucky, was recently captured in Morgan county. He has defied the United States Marshals for years; and near his still was posted a sign reading, “If you value your life, come no further.” A Fort Clark (Texas) dispatch reports another raid of Mexican greasers across the Rio Grande. About fifty head of cattle were driven off. A fire in .-Cfalveston, Texas,, last- week, destroyctl thirteen buildings. Loss, $50,000 Adtfces from Texas report another train robbery on tho Texas Pacific railroad, not far from Dallas. The express and mail were plundered, the passengers not being molested. The plundering party numbered about twenty. The towfiof Clarksville, Tenn., has been almost entirely swept away by tire. Fifty-a<yen buildings, embracing the bds£ portion of the busincsj section; were butted. The loffl is estimated a£ half & million dollars. POLITICAL POINTS. Nearly a thousand of the business men of Milwaukee have signed an address to President Hayes, approving his official administration and indorsing its general policy. .. The Greenback National State Convention of lowa met at DeS Moines on the loth inst., and nominated the following ticket t Secretary of Start,*bfr'Twrnswbrth ; Tfreifeuret, M. £. Devlin ; Auditor, 8. V. Bauearinger; Register of the State Land Office, M. Farrington ; Attorney General, O. H. Jackson ; Judge of the Supreme Court, J. 0. Knapp; Clerk of the Supreme Court, Frank Dowsley; Reporter of the Supreme Court, G. W. Rutherford. The Illinois Democrats held their State Convention at Springfield, on Thursday, April 11. E. L. Conkrite was nominated for State Treasurer, and s. m. Etter, present incumbent, for Su| < rintendent of Public Instruction. The resolutions declare in favor of a tariff for revenue only, the taxation of United States bonds, and the repeal of the Resumption and Bankrupt laws. The Oregon Democratic Convention met at Portland last week, and ppminated W. W,

The Democratic sentinel

J]y W. Editor.

if.

Thayer for Governor, and John Whitaker for .OongreMß f£7 ft 0 i Comply thy ho jfr Island eleciion Vaj| zAd£kl,4K, Lawrence 7,631, i|nd Fogg[ T>e|B<iatCßtaiMli, 26 Repub licans, 8 Democrats and 2no choice; House, 56 and 2 no ehoioe.

The President has nominated Justin JJ-£ob burn, of Vermont, United !:Btatea.'fc«mml' General at the City of Mexico. Mr. Colburn has beeijffijief Wartßogton correspondent of the New’Tcfrk TwOor a of 'Thu Prenicfejiitijhaß nominated Jainefl iHamirs Receiver of Monmd JanfjrC. Surveyor. General for Oregon. I A The Ways and of the House have decided, by apmajority of ofle,f> report a bill repealing the income tax. Federal appointments; C. C. Virginia, United Stales Consul at La Union, Salva dor. Collectors of Customs—Thomaa F. House, ( of Florida,. District of St. Augustine, Fid.; Edward A. Brogdon,, of District of York, Me. Registers *r+be LairdUftces—Jdhfrß."MHIcr, of lowa, at Boise City, Idaho; William Thonrpson, of Florids; at Gainesville, Fla. Secretary of the Navy Thompson and famiiy left last week for a short visit to Indiana. At length the appeal of Ge». Fit?.John Porter for a re-examination of his easd has Ween granted. He lately renewed his request, in a brief letter to President Hayes, and on the order of the latter Gen. Sherman has detailed a board of ; officers to examine the aWurd of tho court-martial which condemned J’orter, and such neW evidence as may be presented. Tho board is composed of Gens. Schofield and Terry, Col. Getty and Maj. Gardner. The State Department has received a communication ftom the Consul General at Havana, stating that Congressman Leonard certainly died of yellow fever, and was not foully dealt with. _ .... ~ s

miscellaneous gleanings.

Visible supply of grain in the States and Canada: Wheat, 7,752,000 bushels; corn, 7,033,000 bushels; oats, 2,531,000 bushels; rye, 695,000 bushels; barley, 2,367,000 bushels. In the Dominion House of Commons a resolution looking to the imposition of a tariff upon corn and oats imported into Canada has been voted yeas to 114 rays. Intelligence domes from the City of Mexico that the Dias Government has been recognised by United.Slatek-ifinister Foster. A New York paper says that “ ever since the labor riots last summer there have been accumulating evidences that those engaged in that strike were reorganizing. Mr. Lonergan, of Lonergan <Jc Thiel’s Railway Secret Service Agency, believes he has found the key to the mystery in aeecret order called the Knights of Labor, which, springing up since the strikes, has united the discontented laborers into an oath-bound brotherhood, with signs and passwords that aro bonds of fraternity, with 700,00Q members scattered throughout the United States.” './t ■'

FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS.

Tuesday, April 9.—Senate. —Mr. Morrill reported from the Finance Committee a bill to repair and put in operation the Mint at New Orleans. .. The General Deficiency bill was reported, and placed on tho calendar.... Tho Pac ! fic Kailfor.d Funding bill was discussed, put to a vote and passed—yeas, 40; nays. 19. This measure is known' as the Thurman bill, and makes the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Kailroad Companies pay into the treasury of the United States, in addition to the whole of the Government’s earnings, not to exceed for the former company $150,000 and for the latter $300,008 per yi ar.... A bill to provide a code of army regulations was passed.... Mr. Ferry introduced a bill to regulate compensation to railroadsfor tho transportation of the mails. House. —Mr. Buckner, the Chairman of the House Banking and Currency Committee, reported back the bill to substitute treasury notes for na-tional-bank notes. A point of order was- raised that the bill must go to the committee of th. whole, which the Speaker sustained, and it wa< so referred.. ..Me. Wright offered a cor. current resolution, proposing to issue $100,000,009 in United States itotes, to be known as “ national money.” It recites at length the present business distress throughout the country, and directs the issue of $100,000,000 in United States notes, to be a legal tender for all debts, public and private, and to be placed in circulation at the earliest moment. Referred.... Mr. Wood, Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, made a long speech in explanation and advocacy of the Tariff bill. Wednesday, April 10.—Senate.—Mr. Matthews offered an amendment to the bill for the repeal of the Resumption act, which was referred.... The bill to repeal the Bankrupt act was discussed. ....A few unimportant bills were passed.... The executive session of tne Senate was largely devoted to the discussion of the case of John W. Hoyt, of Wisconsin, nominated to displace John M. Thayer as Governor of Wyoming. Prof. Hoyt’s nomination was reported adversely from the Committee on Territories, but the Senate, by a small majority, confirmed it. Houm:. —14r«-Vurner introduced-, a bill imposing a fine of not less than -$5,000 or not mbre thsttsso,ooo upon any Senator or Representative who shall .act as attorney for any railroad or other corporation treated by the Government, or for any patentee of the United States, or- for -any contractor or their assigns... .Mr. Fuller introduced a bill authorizing the issuing of treasury notes, the taking up of greenbacks and nationalbank note ß * prohibiting a conttection of the currency, and repealing the Internal Revenue laws.... Mr. Potter introduced a joint resolution, proposing a constitutional amendment as to sessions of Congress. It provides that after 1880 there shall be bnt ope session every two years, unless when Congress shall be convened by the President... .Mr. Turner offered a joint resolution directing jh® Committees on Civil-Service Reform of the Two Houses to jnquire into the proprietj of limiting-Executive jwtronage by a constitutional amendment, and also into the propriety of adopting some new method of keeping the accounts of the Federal Government... .The House debated the Pensldn Appropriatioh bill. Thursday, April 11.—Szna’te.—The bill appropriating $75,000 to repair and put in operation the mint at New Orleans was passed.... Senator Mitchell presented the following cablegram from the United States Consul at China; “The famine is spreading. Cannibalism . exists. No rain. It will be worse next year. Will the indemnity Mil pass?”- This cablegram Wjtereferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, where the bill providing for the return of the Chinese indemnity fund to China is pending.... The bill to repeal the Bankrupt law wss discussed... .The Deficiency Appropriation bill was passed.... Mr. Dennis presented the Blair resolutions passed by the Legislature of Marytahdta relation to tine Electoral Cfimmlssion, and expressed his dissent from themJinS his beli#L tha| the large.majotiti hi « consiftUentß had to agitate the Preddentiifiqueßteon, but preferrtei peace, On motioh of Mr. Dennis tho resolution was rtf erred to the Judiciary Committee. H6ubk.— The House devoted the day to the consideration of the Pension and Postoffice Appropriation bills. The feature of the Pension bill providing for tne abolishment of the pension agencies was defeated, and in its stead an amendment was adopted providing that after July 1, 1878, all pension Agencies shall be filled by crippled and wonnled ■'Uniorf soldiers. The bill as thus amended was passed with a loud hurrah after a day of animated debate. House.— The House passed a bUI restoring Geo. A. Armes tg Bit rank in ihe, army, and one or two othetr lirlVatd'blllß, after which the biH for the relief of William and Mary College in Virginia, was taken up, and the remainder of the session consumed in debating the measure. Saturday, April 13.—Senate.—Not in session. House.— A bill was passed appropriating $5,000 to erect a monument over the grave of Thomas Jefferson.... The Postoffice Appropriation bill was dis cussed. The appropriation recommended is $33,tel ucti <>n of $987,770 |from last year; °1 thßt eum 18 railroad mail service. $0,090,673 for Inland transportation and $7,250,000 for the pay of Postmasters. Rev. Talmage declares that “ all the churches need to be aroused on the subject of music; those who can sing should throw their souls into it, and those v’ . > can not sing should learn. The hum a i throat js an indication of what God had

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, APRIL 19,1878.

intended it to-do. It has fourteen direct muscles, capable of giving out 16,383 sounds. There are sixteen indirect mnecles, giving out 173,741,823 sounds, and the human throat is capable of emitting 17,592,186,044,415 different sounds.”

AN AWFUL DEED.

Inhuman Dotchwry of * Woman in New York by. Her Husband Nitric Acid Poured’ Down Her Throat by the Mon-ster-Suicide of the Murderer. A horrible crime was that of Lanncelot Fogarty, of New York, who murdered hia wife and then committed suicide, besides attempting the lives of his three children. We glean from the New York papers the following particulars of the blood-curdling tragedy : Fogarty went home in the evening and quarreled with his wife. He left, aajd returned aljout 1 o’clock in the moraing. He had a key to the kitchen. His children were sleeping in the room next to the grocery, and his wife was asleep in the room between that and the kitchen. He had a book-binders’ knife, with a long, keen blade, also a vial of laudanum, and one of nitric acid. He lit the lamp, removed his coat and collar, rolled up his sleeves, and took off his shoes. He then poured, the liquids into small glasses and went through his wife’s room toward the children. She awoke and he seized her. He had both the laudanum -and acid, and it is thought he intended to* use the laudanum'ori the children to keep -them asleep. Holdipg tjie when she opened her'mofrth4o reream he poured the nitric acid down her throat. It went to her stomach, eating through her internal organs and tearing her intestines into threads. The little she forced out of her mouth ran frickli g down her cheek and back, burning off the flesh all along its course, and eating holesthough the pillow into the mattress. The woman in fearful agony threw the murderer from her. He ran to the kitchen and brought in the knife. Seeing his wife standing in the middle of the floor he went up and dunged the long, thin, keen blade into her, left breast up to the handle, the blade penetrating the lung. At this the children awoke and ran into the street, shrieking. Fogarty, satisfying himself his wife was dead, laid her on the floor, put a pillow under her head, and went into the kitchen. Going up to the small mirror on tho wall, he stretched his neck and plunged the bloody knife into it on the right side. The knife went through toward the front, coming out through the windpipe. He made a similar wound,ion the left side of his neck, the knife coming out without severing the nbterv. He then staggered to the ■ table on the opposite side of the room and fell to the floor. Fogarty was found lying on his face in a pool of blood, dead. His wife was dead, lying with her body in her bedroom and her head on the pillow just across the kitchen door-sill. The kitchen floor was covered with tracks of blood. Underneath the mirror was a large pool of blood. Mrs. Fogarty’s body was covered with blood, w’hich could not be accounted for by the presence of the wounds on the body. Her flesh was charred on the right cheek and down her neck and back. Her right eye was burned out, the right ear burned'almost off, and part of her clothes and part of the bed-clothes burned to powder. Fogarty left a letter, in which he signed himself “a broken-hearted man.” The troubles of the family began in 1868. The wife was an educated woman, and Fogarty was worth £13,000 in 1860 when he married her in Australia. Drink brought him down. He ruined his wife’s business after deserting her twice, once going to Chicago and squandering $1,500 there.

FITZ JOHN PORTER.

Mis Appeal for a Rehearing, and the Order to Reopen His Case. After ten years of earnest solicitation Fitz John Porter has succeeded in gaining a rehearing. President Hayes has issued an order convening a new military court of inquiry into his case. Porter claims he has new and sufficient evidence to show that he should not be dismissed thft service .because he failed to come to thfe relief of Gen. Pope at the second Manassas battie, in August, 1862. Following is the appeal of Porter to the President, and the order for the reopening of the case: HXAI}ftUA»TEItS OF the AbMY,) Adjutant General’s Office, JWashington, April 12. J The following order has been received from the War Department: An rppeal has been made to the President as follows: New ¥obk, March 9. To His Excellency R. B. Hayts, President of the United Stated. ‘ Sib —l most respectfully but most urgently renew my oft-repeated appeal to have you review my case. I ask it as a matter of long-delayed justice to myself. I renew it on the ground heretofore stated, that public justice cannot be satisfied so long as my appeal remains unheard.. My sentence is a eontinuing Senteji.ee, tfid jnade to foffow myxlaily life. For this reason, if no other, my case is ever within reach of executive os well as legislative interference. I beg to present copjes of papers heretofore presented bearing upon my-case, and trust that you will deem it a proper one for your prompt and favorable consideration. If Ido not make it plain that i have been wronged, I alone am the sufferer. If I do make it plain that great injustice has been done me, then I am sure that you and all others who love truth and justice will be glad that an opportunity for my vindication has not been denied. Very respectfully yours, Fite John Pobtxr. In order that the President may be fully informed of the facts of the case of Fitz John Porter, late Major General of volunteers, and be enabled to act advisedly upon his agplio*tionfCnreneT.insaidca.se, a board is hereby convetfed, by order of the Pifesident, to examine, in connection with the record of the trial by court-martial of Gen. Porter, such new evidence relating to the merits' of said case as is now on file ra the War Department, together with such other evidence as may be presented to said board, and report, with reasons for their conclusion, what action, if any, in their opinion, justice requires - should be taken qn said applfoaffon by the President ing offlqeti ar< for the'boaa-4 :* IM. Gen. J.l& Sbhtfaeßl'Brig. Geri. A. H. Terryf Col. G. 4 W. Gettor,'Third Artillery; Maj. .Asa B. Gardner, Recorded The board will convene at West Peint oh the 20th of June, and is authorized to adjourn from time to time, and to sit m such place as may be deemed expedient. By command of Gen. Sherman. E. D. Townsend, Adjutant General.

The Metropolis’ Disaster.

Mr. Hawley, Acting Secretary of the Treasury, has transmitted to the subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce of .the House of Representatives to -investigate the cause of the Metropolis disaster copies of the evidence taken by the United States Inspectors at Philadelphia in their investigation of the case, and their report thereon. The report attributes the cause of the disaster to the rotten condition of the ship’s bow and stern, hastened by the unequal distribution of railroad iron comprising the cargo.— Washington telegram. Texas has 4,400 fugitives from justice, with forty counties yet to hear from. Seven hundred and fifty of these persons are murderers, and $90,000 in rewards have been offered for 300 of them. One hundred thousand horses have b«ep stolen in the last three years.

“jl Firm, Adherence to Correct Principles.” Hi . : K :

SOVEREIGNTY OF THE GREEKBACK.

No Redemption. The Government of the United States is sovereign in all the powers of the General Government; sovereign in all the powers delegated to it by the people, through the constitution. Itlssu-' preme, superior to all, predominant, effectual! As God is the sovereign ruler of the spiritual, government is the sovereign ruler of the political ! The constitution has confided to government the sole and supreme power of declaring what shall constitute money, ■ what shall be a legal tender for all debts, public and private, and, whep it has so declared, what.it has declared to be money is as sovereign as money as the Government is sovereign as a power. It declared silver and gold, of a certain weight and fineness, to be money, and it became money. As money it was supreme for all the purposes 6f money; there was nothing superior to it, and, therefore, there was nothing to which it acknowledged its dependency but the Government which created it It could not be redeemed, for its sovereignty made it supreme. Government not only decd« red ita sovereignty as money, but it received it for its taxes, for its revenues, for all its demands as the supreme power. In this sense, and in this sense alone, the Government redeemed it. It re-issued it as fast and as often as it received it, thus perpetually admitting and declaring its sovereignty as money. The distinction between money that id, and may be, declared a legal tender, and State or individual bank bills, erroneously called money ,.which cannot be made a legal tender, is obvious. The State which charters, a bank, with power to issue bills as currency, through the individuals which constitute its corporate existence, has no power to make or declare such bills money— no power to declare them a legal tender. The State neither possesses the sovereignty nor the power of declaring what shall be money, nor what shall constitute a legal tender. State banks cannot create money; they may create a currency of doubtful character. They possess no single elements of sovereignty as creators of money, but are entirely subordinate to a double sovereignty, if I may be permitted the expression. For, first, they are the creatures of State laws, the State creating them being sovereign in all matters in which they are not subordinate to the Government of the United States. They—that is each of the States —are subordinate in the power of creating money. In this the States are not sovereign. The United Stateslpossesses and can alone exercise this sovereignty. From this it follows that all currency, u’hether in the formof bills, or of gold, or silver, authorized by a State, through banks, whether individual or corporate, is inferior, not recognized by the sovereign power of the United States, and therefore not money. Being inferior, and recognizing a superior kind of money, which is sovereign as money, it is compelled to redeem itself, and to maintain agents for its redemption, and means to procure the money the Government declares to be money, to redeem the promise on which it is received and recognized as currency, and the moment it fails to so redeem itself the public discard it. In fact, these State bank and individual bank bills are nothing more nor less than the individual or limited corporate promise of combined individuals to redeem the bills they issue, m legal or sovereign money of the United States. Redemption is the sole test of its value. A failure to redeem is a failure of the bank; a failure of the bank is the loss of the people who trust the bank.

It was the perpetual failures, the constant stoppages of the State banks to redeem, which constituted the curse of the system. They were founded exclusively by individuals, their entire reliability rested on individual honesty and good faith. They did not possess even State guarantees. They were subordinates of a subordinate authority, and their inferiority to national money was as distinct and as absolute as the power of the individual is inferior to the power of the nation. In a word, they were but the infinitesimal constituents of the sovereignty of power and of the sovereignty of money. The relation they bore to sovereign money was the relation oi individual, acting as a banker, or fifty individuals in a corporate capacity, bears to the 40,000,000 individuals who compose the Government; and the SIOO,OOO of the individual bank capital, or the sl,000,000 of .the corporate bank capital bear the same ratio of inferiority to national money as those sums bear to the $40,000,000,000 of our national resources. To sum up the difference, it is only essential to say that State bank currency represents an individual; national money represents the nation. Gold and silver are but limited elements ®f national production; but, recognized and declared to be money by the sovereign power, they become sovereign money,” and, therefore, neither require nor are capable of redemption. The greenbacks, like gold and. silver, are declared to be money by the sovereign potber, and are by that power sovereign as money, and, .being sovereign, they are as incapable of redemption as gold and silver, and, representing all the pi odnets of the nation and all the sovereignty of the nation, as a mere representative of sovereign power, they are as superior to gold and silver as a whole is superior to a limited constituent part. A currency which has to be redeemed is not money. It is a mere individual promise to redeem in a money that is sovereign; a promise oftener broken than kept. It was a perpetual shuttiecock flying between certainty and uncertainty, with the uncertainty as certain as individual unreliability. The greenback has killed it. The nation has declared that it will rely on the nation ; the people that they will rely on the people. The greenback is the symbol of the nation’s faith and of the nation’s sovereignty. It is money of the people, proclaimed by the people as the type of their sovereign independence of all mere individual responsibility. One has only to trace the history of the purposes of redemption of individual money to find the curse and the tyranny of the system. We have rid ourselves of the slavery of its eternal oppression. This is the new departure. It is the nation’s new declaration of independence against the long catalogue of the wrongs of capital and its crimes, its usurpations, its baronial feudalities, its moneyed aristocracies, its damnable usuries, and its monopolized compounding of interest and taxes. Let us stand by this new departure—the sovereignty of the greenback as money—living to defend it, battling to sustain jt, and

revolutionizing, if necessary, to make it permanent as the nation, and universal as the people. But, in denouncing the principle of a money issue which requires redemption, let us see and comprehend what redemption is. Redemption has been the weapon of the banker. It has been his instrument of tyranny, his means of crashing, and, therefore, his instrument of torture. New York has been the center of the nation; Boston the center of New England ; Philadelphia the center of Pennsylvania. The old theory was that the country bankers must redeem their bills as they accumulated in these centers, and a failure to redeem was a failure of credit. So long as the bill of the qqqrtry bank was redeemed at these centers it was regarded as good and current, less the cost qf redemption at these cities. Tais difference, under the old goldbasis system, was called exchange. Nominally it is intended to represent the cost of transferring the bill to New York from St. Louis. New Orleans, Cincinnati, Chicago, Cleveland, or Buffalo, or any other point, and getting it changed into current funds, the equivalent of gold ; really it meant not only the cost of the exchange, but the risk run by the exchangers of the solvency of the bank whose money was to be exchanged. This exchange varied with sections, cities, States, and communities. It varied from a quarter or an eight of 1 per cent, up to 3,4, and 5, and 10 per cent, in ordinary times. It was always a crushing burden upon the producer as well as the consumer. The city banks held the county banks as their subjects. They had the power to sweep down upon them whenever they could accumulate their bills in sufficient quantities to make it an object to do so. If a country bank was strong, and if money was plenty, then the New York banks would use the currency, and not retain it for redemption ; but if a bank showed the slightest signs of weakness—that is, if, in the desire of its officers to accommodate manufacturers, merchants, and dealers, it discounted freely, and paid out its own bills—it always ran the risk of having its currency find its way to the money centers, and, through the bankers there, to a demand for redemption in New York city funds or gold, and they had to be ready or they had to fail. This system of redemption was essential for the safety of the lenders, or redemption houses at the centers; for, as the circulation of the country banks was based on bonds and mortgages, and the individual liability of the stockholders, the security was always uncertain, and therefore all credit had to .be based on the promptness with winch the redemptions were made. It was an endless curb on bank accommodations; it was an endless uncertainty, and therefore the system always lacked that positive stability which creates certainty, the mother of confidence. A customer applying for a discount was met with the excuse, “The New York banks compel us to redeem weekly, and we never know when we are safe.” This enabled the b r nker to require, first, that the paper should be short; second, that it should be made payable in New York; and, third, that it should be paid in drafts, purchased of the discounting bank in New York, at the regular rates of exchange. The system was vexatious, expensive, and uncertain, but it brought grists to the mill of the great redeeming houses and to the banks. The national currency known as greenbacks is free from all these complications, for it redeems itself. It is money. The national-bank issues are still subject to the old curse—they have to redeem in greenbacks or in gold, and it affords the banker the argument by which he can magnify the power of his money. It is this system of divided and diversified liab-.lity, resting on individual passions, abilities and strength, which is the curse of the national-bank currency; and just as long as that is furnished by the Government to the national banks will these endless fluctuations exist. Money speculators live on these fluctuations; they are the nutriment and soul of all the gambling infamies of Wall street. The greenback theory is the only one ever invented which strips paper currency from all the ceaseless burdens and fluctuations caused by the cry for redemption. The greenback is money—money possessing all the power of gold; it needs no redemption, for there is no superior to it. It is superior to gold, for gold is one of its subordinate supports; gold is one of its inferior constituents, as wheat, and corn, and cotton, and wool, and cheese, united to the whole manifold round of production, are its constituents. These are the elements of national strength and national wealth. The greenback is the nation itself; combining all that is material with all that is intangible, it is the united whole, not a part to be classed as a product of labor, but the combined entity of all constituents united into a power which knows no superior. It can, therefore, know no power to redeem it. It is irredeemable, because it is the whole. It pays for everything we want to , eat, drink, rwear, burn, consume or create. It pays all debts, public or private. It buys all that can be bought, and pays for everything demanding payment. It is money in the highest sense of nationality. It is not cursed with the limitation of any individual liability. It is not limited by individual wealth or corporate wealth, measured by State laws or State liability. It is the grand realization of *‘l! Pluribus Unum.” It is of one value everywhere to everybody. It is the same on the Atlantic coast as it is on the coast of the Pacific. From Alaska to Key West, wherever the sovereignty of our flag is recognized, the greenback is recognized. It owes no one, and being the highest, the strongest, the best indication of value, as the expression of national will there is no center to which it must culminate. Wherever the constitution is paramount the greenback is paramount. As gold is one of its constituents, so is silver; so that, whenever either of these metals is wanted for exchanges beyond the sovereignty of our nationality, the superior always can and always will command them, either as coin bearing the stamp of tire mint or as bullion in the bar, representing its value as a merchantable product. The greenback being superior td all ideas of redemption, it bqnes and forever all individual moneys or corporation moneys which have so long made redemption a ' necessity. ‘ The greenback is the nation, and one might as well talk about exchanging or redeeming the nation as to talk about redeeming the greenback. When we want to turn back the wheels of progress and make the great mass of our pqpple mere serfs to the soil and slaves to a nobility of task-masters, theu wepiaywant the feudalism of Prussia

and the irop. hand of Bismarck to control UfJ. For the future the people will regulate their s own currency. The greenback is the child of the people; the. people will, nurture it. It has saved us in the jtast; we will sustain it {or the future. Stßphkn D. DiILaYE. TBENTOIt, U.S.

ILLINOIS DEMOCRACY.

Platform Adopted at the Late Springfield Convention. The Democracy of ~ihe State of UTmoie, assembled tn contention; congratulate the counSon the final settlement of the questions reting from th© late civil war, upon th© pnnciplee’tof loofcl self-gtevettunent $o long supported by the Democratic party, and reaffirm confidence in the capacity of the people to govern themselves, and their belief in the supremacy of the civil over the military power, the liberty of individual action uncontrolled by sumptuary laws, the separation Of church and state, the support of free comman.Bchools. and the duty of ail to yield to the lawfully-ex-pressed will of the majority; and we declare : 1. That reform must be made in national, State, county and municipal .Government by the reduction of tales afid expenditures, the dismissal of unnecessary and incompetent officers and employes from the public service, and the strict enforcement of official responsibility, and that the provisions of the State constitution limiting indebtedness and the rate of taxation shall be strictly observed and enforced. 2. a tariff for revere only .should be adopted, and. if discrimination be made, it should be in favor of the Accessaries of life, and, in order to remove a part of the burden from the mass of the people who are taxed too much,; a gradual tax on incomes over a reasonable sum for support ought to be adopted and placed upon the surplus profits of the wealthy, who escape their just proportion of taxation. 3. That we are in favor of United States bonds and treasury notes being subjected to taAtion, the same as other property. 4. That all contracts ought to be performed in good faith, according to the terms thereof, and the obligations of the Government discharged in lawful’ money, except when otheDwise expressly provided upon their face > nd by the law under which they were issued, and repudiation should find no favor with an honorable people. 5. That it is not our intention to make any further reduction of the principal of -the public defet-for the present, and the bonds, as they mature, or sooner if possible, should be toplaced by the issue of other bonds bearing;a lower rate of interest. It is the duty of the Federal Government to issue bonds in small denominations to be sold in this country for the accommodation of those who wish to invest savings in Safe securities. 6. That we are in favor of the immediate and unconditional repeal of the Resumption act. , / 7. That we applaud the action of Congress in the enactment of what is known as the Silver bill, and accept it as a partial measure of financial relief; but we demand such further legislation as may result in authorizing silverbullion certificates and legalizing the free coinage of the silver dollar, the demonetization of which we denounce as an act meriting the condemnation of the people. 8. That it is the exclusive prerogative of tho United States to issue all bills, to circulate all money, and. a right which ought not to be exercised by any State or corporation. 9. That no further contraction of the volume of legal-tender treasury notes ought to be allowed, and they should be received for customs, taxes and public dues as well as private debts, and reissfied'as fasbas received. 10. That the national-bank notes should be . retired, and instead thereof there should be issued by the Government an equal amount of treasury notes. 11. That subsidies in money, bonds, lands or credit ought not to be granted by tho Federal Government. • 12. That the Bankrupt law ought to be immediately repealed. *• ’ 13. That the courts should be brought as close to the homes of the litigants as economy in government will justify, and that, therefore, the judicial power of the United States should be so regulated as to prevent, in controversies between citizens of different States, the tramplei of cases from the Si ate to the Federal courts, which are so far removed'frojn tne people as to make justice therein inconvenient, expensive and tardy, and, further, that not less than $5,000 should be fixed as the minimum jurisdiction of such courts in such controversies. , 14. That the appointment by Federal courts of receivers of corporations who resist the payment of taxes, disregard the rights of the citizens, and turn the earnings of the corporations into foreign channels, is an ©yil that ought to be corrected by law, and Congress ought to enact such laws as will prohibit such evils, and prevent the interference by the Federal courts with the collection of State, county, and municipal taxes by the appointment of seceivers, the granting of injunctions, or other proceduse. 15. That the wages of employes of corporations engaged in mining, manufacturing, and transportation shall be made a first lien upon the property, receipts, and . earnings of said corporations, and that said lien should be declared, defined, and enforced by appropriate legal action. 16. That the system of leasing convict .abor ought to be immediately abolished by the Legislature, and some measure adopted to protect the manufacturers, mechanics, and laborers from unjust competition with convict labor of other States. . In addition to the above, which was submitted as a platform, the following resolutions were adopted : Hesolved, That the contract recently made by the Commissioners of the Penitentiary at Joliet with tihe Commissioners of the Eastern Insane Asylum, to build apd complete that asylum, is without the authority of law, anu the act of the Penitentiary Commissioners in sub-letting the entire work is-a like violation of law, and a flagrant wroitg to the mechanics and workingmen of this State, and the Attorney General is hereby requested to take immediate steps to have such contracts annulled, and to compel the letting of the work according to the statute. dissolved, That the acts of the leaders of the Repubhcan party th defeating the choice of the people for President and Vice President is the monster .politioal crime of the age; is a crime against free government and the elective franchise, which can only be condoned when the criminals are driven from power and conL signed to infamy by the people whom they have outraged; and we denounce the act of the President in appointing to high offices the teorrupt members of the Returning Boards as a reward for their infaixyius conduct; and we condemn the officer i of the Federal Govetnment who have attempted to interfere with the administration of justice in the courts of Louisiana. Hesolved, That it is the duty of our Legislature to enact a law for the protection of depositors in savings banks and all other banks, and for the incarceration of defaulting bank officers.

Contested Seats in Congress.

At the beginning of the present Congress there were seventeen contestedelection cases to be decided by the House. Of this number the following have been disposed of in favor of the contestants, who, in all cases were Democrats, namely : California, P. D. Wigginton; Colorado, Thomas M. Patterson; Louisiana, J. H. Acklen; Massachusetts, Benjamin Dean. The following cases are yet to be acted upon by the Election Committee : Alabama—Jere Haralson (Rep.) against Charles M. Shelley (Dem.). Florida—J. J. Finley (Dem.) against Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (Rep.). Louisiana (Fourth District) —George L. Smith against J. E. Elam (Dem.). Louisiana (Sfcrth District)—C. E. Nash against E. W. Robertson (Dem.). Missouri—Mr. Frost against Lyne S. Metcalfe r>i—John R. Lynch against James R. Ohalmer.; (Dem.). Pennsylvania.—James L. Nutting against James B. Reilly (Dem.). South Carolina (First District) —John S. Richardson against Joseph H. Rainey (Rep.). South Carolina (Second District) —M. P. O’Connor against Richard H. Cain (Rep.). South Carolina (Fifth District)—G. D. Tillman against Robert Smalls (Rep.). Oregon—Samuel W. McDewell against Richard Williams (Rep.). Virginia—William E. Hinton against Joseph Jorgensen (Rep.). Arizona—William IJ. Ffardy against H. S <( Stevens (Dem.). - • . ■

$1.50 dot Annum

NUMBER 10

WILLIAM M. TWEED.

iMt Hours of the Greatest Convicted Thief of Modern Times-Hi* Dying Words. [From the New York Times.] Tweed knew he was going to die, but did not seem discomposed, except by the terrible pain he was enduring. Frequently he pressed his hands to his heart, 'saying, “ Oh, it is terrible, terrible!” and “lam very bad. My heart is paining me terribly I” Dr. Carnochan saw no aid could be given, and no more remedies were administered. At 11:30 o’clock it was evident the end was drawing near. Tweed beckoned Dr. Carnochan to his side, and said, in an unrisually weak voice, “ I have tried to do some good. If I have not had good luck, lam not afraid to die. I believe the guardian angels will protect me. ” Dr. Camochan waa so much impressed by the words that he immediately wrote them and read them to the other persons in the room. Immediately after saying these words, Tweed fell into a sort of stupor, laying his head back upon his pillow. In a few moments, however, he partially aroused himself, and said to Mr. Edelstein some incoherent words about the confinement affecting his health, and, mentioning some names in an almost inaudible voice, said: “They will be satisfied now.” After that he again lapsed into a stupor, which was not a comatose condition, but merely a deadening of the senses. At a minute or two before 12 o’clock he moved his hand upon the counterpane, as if searching for some one’s hand for a farewell. A moment later, as the jail-bells were ringing the noon signal, William M. Tweed fell back upon bis pillow, dead. The room in which Tweed died, and in which he spent the last years of his life, was handsomely but quietly furnished. In his last hours he lay upon a plain but comfortable bed, on which his body remained after death, clad in a plain white night-dress. There was scarcely a change in the face, except in the color of the hair and whiskers, which had whitened very much. The great size of his body had rather increased than diminished. Word was at once sent to the Sheriff’s office that Tweed was dead; also to the Coroner’s office, the law requiring that an inquest be held over the bodies of all persons who die while undergoing imprisonment. The corridor of the jail was soon filled with the friends of Tweed and the representatives of the press, and the front door was besieged by persons who could not gain admittance to the building. No one was admitted to the room in which the body lay except officers of the jail, relatives and friends, and the Coroner and his men. Tweed said, a few minutes before his death : ‘ ‘ Tilden and Fairchild—l guess they’ve killed me at last. I have tried to do the best I could latterly, but they wouldn’t let me. They will probably be satisfied when 1 am carried out of here to-morrow.” Tweed’s last appearance outside the walls of Ludlow Street jail was on March 26, when he was summoned to testify in the suit of Waterbury against the city, before Judge Potter, in the Supreme Court. He took the witnessstand when his narre was called, and read a paper, saying the city had not kept its promise of restoring him to lit erty, alter the giving of his previous testimony, and that, by advice of his counsel, he declined to testify further till the promise wns fulfilled. No effort was made to compel him to answer, and he was taken back to jail. Coroner Waltman arrived at the jail about 1 o’clock, and at once began the inquest. It was determined that an autopsy was not necessary. Dr. Carnochan testified that death, in his opinion, was caused by pericarditis, with effusion and heart clot, complicated with bronchitis, pneumonia and chronic congestion of the kidneys. The verdict was to that effect, and the body was put into the hands of an undertaker, and at 3 o’clock taken to the residence of Tweed’s son-in-law, J. W. Douglass. Tweed’s wife and two sons are in Europe. Foster T. Dewey said to a Times rev porter that the words published as the last words spoken by Tweed were by no means correct. There were present at Tweed’s bedside when he died, Dr. Carnochan, Tweed’s son-in-law, Douglass, Mr. Edelstein, law partner of William M. Tweed, Jr., and Mr. Dewey. “ Mr. Tweed’s last words,” said Mr. Dewey, “as nearly as I can recall them, were these: ‘I have tried to right some great wrongs. I have been forbearing with those who did not deserve it, I forgive all those who have ever done wrong to me, and I want all those who have ever been harmed by me to forgive me.’ He said nothing about guardian angels. Nobody who knew him would ever suppose he could talk that way. What I have told you he said was said by him in answer to my question, whether he didn’t want to say something, for I knew he was going. He died as calmly and resignedly as John Wesley did, and with as much absence of fear or bitterness. He had long wished to die, and has said to me 500 times, if once, since his return from Spain, that he would be glad to go. Mr. Tweed made no will. He had nothing to leave to anybody. He didn’t even have any personal property worth making a will for. People say he has not accounted for all his property. He has accounted for all the property he had left, but people don’t know how much money he has disposed of in the last five years. If he had to account for what he paid out there would be a good many people who would feel badly to have the public know what they have got out of the old man. He was the greatest wreck the world eVer saw, politically, socially, morally. He was extremely sensitive about his death—as to what people would say. Yesterday he remarked to me, ‘This is a moral lesson to the world.’ He seemed to think that, after he was gone, they would preach sermons abont him, and use him as ‘ an awful example.’ He felt very sensitive about that. Tweed’s family are all scattered. At present not one of his four sons are in the city, William M., and Richard M., his oldest son, are in Europe. He has two daughters and two sons-in-law in New Orleans. His daughter Josephine is the only one in the city. His two youngest sons, boys of 12 and 14 years, are at a private educational establishment in New England. They have not seen their father since he went to the penitentiary in 1873.”

A Canard.

The story about Southern negroes being kidnapped into slavery in Cuba, which was started when poor Congressman Leonard left on his ill-stai red trip to Havana, turned out to be only a sensation. The report which the Be ‘retary of the Navy has received from th 3 commanding officer of the South Pacifc staI tion doubtless has jmfnething in it, He

gtmocrutif JOB PRINTINB OFFICT_ Has better.(teOttfos thaa any offloe In North wwtoi* Indian* for the execution of an branch** of JOB FRISTTING. PROMPTNESS A SPECIALTY.* Anything, from a Dodger to a Prfoe-lArt, or from a Pamphlet to • Footer, black or colored, plain or fancy. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

says that American merchantmen axe engaged in the ooohe trade, taking* samen from their native land to the Sandwich islands, where they are forced to make labor contracts to procure their liberty, and a vessel recently wrecked on a Pacific island was found to °ontam.fiQg.. by th<SV”iS e StatoTaX“l where they embarked. The matter was talked over aVWecenk Cabinet Nrtwiirg, and instructions will doubtless be sent commanders of Government vessels to seize all ships engaged in the man trade.

LEGAL.

Taxing National Banks. We clip the following from the Cincinnati Enquirer : “An important decision by Judge Baxter, of the United States Circuit Court, relative to the taxation of national banks, is the subject of considerable i comment here. A bank at Toledo eontested the collection of taxes on the ground that its taxation was unequal, for the reason that its capital was assessed in full, while the assessment of real estate in that city is only 40 per cent of its value. Therefore, the bank made a tender of 40 per cent, of its tax to the Judge Baxter’s decision is that the Treasurer can collect no more. The object sought in the suit, which was one in chancery, was to restrain the collection of the tax assessed for the year 1876 on the shares owned by the holders of the complainanis’capital stock. Judge Baxter held complainants entitled to a decree and the relief prayed for. A decree will, therefore, be entered, authorizing the complainants to pay to the defendant, or into the Registry of the court, 40 per ceqt. of the taxes assessed against its shareholders, in accordance with the tender heretofore made, and, when this shall be done, an injunction will issue perpetually staying the collection of the residue of said taxes. The costs of this suit will be decreed against defendant, and paid out of the funds recovered. ”

Important Supreme Court Decisions.

The following decisions have been rendered by the United States Supreme Court: No. 875. United States vs. the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad, appeal from the Court of Claims. The original question in the case was whether the Government was entitled to transportation without cost over the railroad, or to the mere right to use the road with fair compensation. That question was decided in favor of the company When the case was formerly before this court, to the effect that the Government was entitled to the right of use when required, and must pay a fair compensation for the service. The question now was whether the mandate of this court had been complied with by the Court of Claims by its enforcement of the terms of the reduction agreed upon between the road and War Department, which was one third of the ordinary rates to the public. The court find that the mandate was sufficiedtly complied with. Affirmed. No. 95. Murray vs. the City of Charleston. Error to the Supreme Court of South Carolina. In this case the court hold that no municipality of a State can by ordinance, under the guise of taxation, relieve itself from performing to the letter all that it has expressly promised to the creditor. Hence the city of Charleston, which had agreed to pay 6 per cent, interest on certain of its bonds to holders thereof, could not by subsequent ordinance tax these bonds, and withhold the amount of interest as it falls due. Reversed. Justice Strong delivered the opinion. Dissenting, Justices Miller and Hunt, who take the view that the charter of the city was enacted in 1871, before the constitution gave the power hero exercised, and that the contract set up was made subject to it, and it is not therefore impaired by the action of the city.

Wells and Sherman.

The New York Herald prints an acrimonious interview between J. Madison Wells and Secretary Sherman: “ Did we not give you the moral sympathy support of the letter which Gen. Garfield, Stanley Matthews and Gen. White united with me in writing you?” asked Sherman. “ Oh, hang your letter-writing; there were have a dozen better things yon could have done for us, and as for your moral sympathy, if it was deep enough to reach to hell and back it would not have taken Gen. Anderson and me out of jail,” was the angry response. “ But what else could we liave done in the matter?” queried Sherman. “ Oh, if the President bad said but the word to Nicholls it would have saved us all the misery of staying in prison. A line from Hayes would have done the business. As for writing letters, you might have written 200 of them and they would not have been worth any more than so much waste paper.” The interview continued in this vein for quite a while, and was conducted at times in so loud a key that the voices penetrated to the adjoining chambers, the language of Wells being, as one listener described it, freely interspersed with “cuss words.”— Washington Letter.

A Historical Relic.

The following characteristic letter from Thaddeus Stevens was written the next day after Andrew Johnson’s impeachment : [Private.] COMMITTEE OH APPBOPBIATIOMS , ) House of Repbesentative*. J Deab Sib : We had a scene in the board to manage the impeachment to-day disgraceful to the members and to the House. John A. Bingham, of Ohio, has this year become conceited, dogmatic, overbearing, and exceedingly offensive. When the board met this morning, we elected Mr. Boutwell Chairman. Bingham sprung'to his feet, denounced the committee, swore he would not submit to it, nor act on the board; that he was persecuted, though we have always deferred to him: and raved like a mad bull. I denounced him as an arrogant fool, to whom we would not yield. Finally Boutwell (poor devil) yielded and resigned, and nominated Bingham, who is now Lord again. Yon may publish the substance of this, without name, but as from a responsible source.

THADDEUS STEVENS.

Alluvial Deposit.

When the lowa Central train passed at Eddyville, day before yesterday, a man whose hands and face were the color of his clothes, and whose clothes were the color of the car door, looked out of the car window, and, in the voice of one making an important announcement, said, “ I was raised in thia place I” The passengers were, of course, deeply impressed, and everybody looked at Eddyville with a new interest, but one curious passenger eyed the dirty man very intently, and repeated in tones of disbelief, “Raised?” “Yes, sir,” said the grimy man, “raised.” The unbelieving passenger mused a moment, ftn d then his brow cleared. “Oh, yes,” said he, “I see; alluvial deposit.”— Burlington Hawk-Eye.